Table of Contents

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

 

FORM 10 - Q

 

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2009

 

1-2360

(Commission file number)

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

New York

 

13-0871985

(State of incorporation)

 

(IRS employer identification number)

 

 

 

Armonk, New York

 

10504

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

(Zip Code)

 

914-499-1900

(Registrant’s telephone number)

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section l3 or l5(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding l2 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x  No o

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer x

 

Accelerated filer o

 

 

 

Non-accelerated filer o

 

Smaller reporting company o

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o  No x

 

The registrant has 1,313,602,936 shares of common stock outstanding at September 30, 2009.

 

 

 



Table of Contents

 

Index

 

 

 

Page

Part I - Financial Information:

 

 

 

 

 

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements:

 

 

 

 

 

Consolidated Statement of Earnings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008

 

3

 

 

 

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008

 

4

 

 

 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008

 

6

 

 

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

7

 

 

 

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition

 

31

 

 

 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

 

66

 

 

 

Part II - Other Information:

 

66

 

 

 

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

 

66

 

 

 

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds and Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities

 

66

 

 

 

Item 5. Other Information

 

67

 

 

 

Item 6. Exhibits

 

67

 

2



Table of Contents

 

Part I - Financial Information

 

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements:

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EARNINGS

(UNAUDITED)

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

(Dollars in millions except per share amounts)

 

2009

 

2008

 

2009

 

2008

 

Revenue:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Services

 

$

 13,806

 

$

 14,773

 

$

 40,462

 

$

 44,550

 

Sales

 

9,216

 

9,892

 

26,363

 

30,156

 

Financing

 

544

 

636

 

1,702

 

1,918

 

Total revenue

 

23,566

 

25,302

 

68,528

 

76,623

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Services

 

9,233

 

10,230

 

27,441

 

31,287

 

Sales

 

3,404

 

3,789

 

9,527

 

11,687

 

Financing

 

301

 

324

 

919

 

924

 

Total cost

 

12,938

 

14,342

 

37,888

 

43,898

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross profit

 

10,627

 

10,959

 

30,640

 

32,725

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Expense and other income:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

5,013

 

5,644

 

15,392

 

17,553

 

Research, development and engineering

 

1,446

 

1,579

 

4,360

 

4,809

 

Intellectual property and custom development income

 

(294

)

(267

)

(864

)

(825

)

Other (income) and expense

 

5

 

(51

)

(326

)

(201

)

Interest expense

 

84

 

159

 

321

 

482

 

Total expense and other income

 

6,255

 

7,064

 

18,882

 

21,818

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

 

4,373

 

3,895

 

11,757

 

10,907

 

Provision for income taxes

 

1,159

 

1,071

 

3,145

 

2,999

 

Net income

 

$

 3,214

 

$

 2,824

 

$

 8,612

 

$

 7,907

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Earnings per share of common stock:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assuming dilution

 

$

 2.40

 

$

 2.04

*

$

 6.42

 

$

 5.65

*

Basic

 

$

 2.44

 

$

 2.08

*

$

 6.47

 

$

 5.75

*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding: (millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Assuming dilution

 

1,338.2

 

1,384.1

*

1,341.6

 

1,399.2

*

Basic

 

1,319.9

 

1,359.5

*

1,330.1

 

1,376.7

*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash dividend per common share

 

$

 0.55

 

$

 0.50

 

$

 1.60

 

$

 1.40

 

 


* Reflects the adoption of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) guidance in determining whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities. See Note 2, “Accounting Changes,” on pages 7 to 10 for additional information.

 

(Amounts may not add due to rounding.)

 

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.)

 

3



Table of Contents

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

(UNAUDITED)

ASSETS

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

At September 30,
2009

 

At December 31,
2008

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Current assets:

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

9,532

 

$

12,741

 

Marketable securities

 

1,980

 

166

 

Notes and accounts receivable — trade (net of allowances of $221 in 2009 and $226 in 2008)

 

9,426

 

10,906

 

Short-term financing receivables (net of allowances of $410 in 2009 and $351 in 2008)

 

12,944

 

15,477

 

Other accounts receivable (net of allowances of $16 in 2009 and $55 in 2008)

 

1,252

 

1,172

 

Inventories, at lower of average cost or market:

 

 

 

 

 

Finished goods

 

554

 

524

 

Work in process and raw materials

 

1,992

 

2,176

 

Total inventories

 

2,546

 

2,701

 

Deferred taxes

 

1,832

 

1,542

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

3,934

 

4,299

 

Total current assets

 

43,446

 

49,004

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Plant, rental machines and other property

 

39,789

 

38,445

 

Less: Accumulated depreciation

 

25,600

 

24,140

 

Plant, rental machines and other property — net

 

14,189

 

14,305

 

Long-term financing receivables (net of allowances of $115 in 2009 and $179 in 2008)

 

10,229

 

11,183

 

Prepaid pension assets

 

2,711

 

1,601

 

Deferred taxes

 

6,341

 

7,270

 

Goodwill

 

19,272

 

18,226

 

Intangible assets — net

 

2,436

 

2,878

 

Investments and sundry assets

 

5,051

 

5,058

 

Total assets

 

$

103,675

 

$

109,524

 

 

(Amounts may not add due to rounding.)

 

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.)

 

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Table of Contents

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION – (CONTINUED)

(UNAUDITED)

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

At September 30,
2009

 

At December 31,
2008

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Current liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

Taxes

 

$

2,213

 

$

2,743

 

Short-term debt

 

4,885

 

11,236

 

Accounts payable

 

6,145

 

7,014

 

Compensation and benefits

 

4,311

 

4,623

 

Deferred income

 

9,703

 

10,239

 

Other accrued expenses and liabilities

 

5,704

 

6,580

 

Total current liabilities

 

32,960

 

42,435

 

Long-term debt

 

20,583

 

22,689

 

Retirement and nonpension postretirement benefit obligations

 

18,427

 

19,452

 

Deferred income

 

3,348

 

3,171

 

Other liabilities

 

9,863

 

8,192

*

Total liabilities

 

85,182

 

95,939

*

 

 

 

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

IBM stockholders’ equity:

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock, par value $0.20 per share, and additional paid-in capital

 

40,482

 

39,129

 

Shares authorized: 4,687,500,000

 

 

 

 

 

Shares issued:

2009 – 2,113,714,035

 

 

 

 

 

 

2008 – 2,096,981,860

 

 

 

 

 

Retained earnings

 

76,812

 

70,353

 

Treasury stock - at cost

 

(78,411

)

(74,171

)

Shares:

2009 – 800,111,099

 

 

 

 

 

 

2008 – 757,885,937

 

 

 

 

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

 

(20,487

)

(21,845

)

Total IBM stockholders’ equity

 

18,396

 

13,465

*

Noncontrolling interests*

 

98

 

119

*

Total stockholders’ equity

 

18,493

 

13,584

*

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

$

103,675

 

$

109,524

 

 


* Reflects the adoption of the FASB guidance on noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements. See Note 2, “Accounting Changes,” on pages 7 to 10 for additional information.

 

(Amounts may not add due to rounding.)

 

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.)

 

5



Table of Contents

 

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,

(UNAUDITED)

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

2009

 

2008

 

Cash flow from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Net income

 

$

8,612

 

$

7,907

 

Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided from operating activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciation

 

2,806

 

3,144

 

Amortization of intangibles

 

923

 

985

 

Stock-based compensation

 

416

 

501

 

Net gain on asset sales and other

 

(350

)

(353

)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions/divestitures

 

1,917

 

7

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

14,325

 

12,191

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flow from investing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Payments for plant, rental machines and other property, net of proceeds from dispositions

 

(2,121

)

(2,951

)

Investment in software

 

(476

)

(555

)

Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired

 

(125

)

(6,017

)

Divestiture of businesses, net of cash transferred

 

406

 

71

 

Non-operating finance receivables — net

 

490

 

203

 

Purchases of marketable securities and other investments

 

(4,491

)

(4,260

)

Proceeds from disposition of marketable securities and other investments

 

2,082

 

5,103

 

Net cash used in investing activities

 

(4,234

)

(8,405

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash flow from financing activities:

 

 

 

 

 

Proceeds from new debt

 

2,414

 

8,251

 

Payments to settle debt

 

(10,760

)

(7,597

)

Short-term repayments less than 90 days — net

 

(151

)

(1,523

)

Common stock repurchases

 

(4,365

)

(9,838

)

Common stock transactions — other

 

1,502

 

3,658

 

Cash dividends paid

 

(2,133

)

(1,916

)

Net cash used in financing activities

 

(13,494

)

(8,964

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

 

193

 

(58

)

Net change in cash and cash equivalents

 

(3,210

)

(5,236

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at January 1

 

12,741

 

14,991

 

Cash and cash equivalents at September 30

 

$

9,532

 

$

9,755

 

 

(Amounts may not add due to rounding.)

 

(The accompanying notes are an integral part of the financial statements.)

 

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Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements:

 

1. Basis of Presentation:  The accompanying consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto are unaudited.  In the opinion of the management of the International Business Machines Corporation (the company), these statements include all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present a fair statement of the company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs, expenses and accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) that are reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying disclosures. Actual results may be different. See the company’s 2008 Annual Report for a discussion of the company’s critical accounting estimates.

 

Interim results are not necessarily indicative of results for a full year. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the company’s 2008 Annual Report.

 

The company evaluated subsequent events through October 27, 2009, the date the company’s Board of Directors reviewed the financial statements to be issued. The company issued the financial statements on the same day.

 

Within the financial tables in this Form 10-Q, certain columns and rows may not add due to the use of rounded numbers for disclosure purposes. Percentages presented are calculated from the underlying whole-dollar amounts.

 

2. Accounting Changes:  In October 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued amended revenue recognition guidance for arrangements with multiple deliverables. The new guidance eliminates the residual method of revenue recognition and allows the use of management’s best estimate of selling price for individual elements of an arrangement when vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE), vendor objective evidence (VOE) or third-party evidence (TPE) is unavailable. For the company, this guidance is effective for all new or materially modified arrangements entered into on or after January 1, 2011 with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of a fiscal year. Full retrospective application of the new guidance is optional. The company is currently assessing its implementation of this new guidance, but does not expect a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In October 2009, the FASB issued guidance which amends the scope of existing software revenue recognition accounting. Tangible products containing software components and non-software components that function together to deliver the product’s essential functionality would be scoped out of the accounting guidance on software and accounted for based on other appropriate revenue recognition guidance.  For the company, this guidance is effective for all new or materially modified arrangements entered into on or after January 1, 2011 with earlier application permitted as of the beginning of a fiscal year. Full retrospective application of the new guidance is optional. This guidance must be adopted in the same period that the company adopts the amended accounting for arrangements with multiple deliverables described in the preceding paragraph. The company is currently assessing its implementation of this new guidance, but does not expect a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In September 2009, the FASB issued amended guidance concerning fair value measurements of investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value per share (or its equivalent). If fair value is not readily determinable, the amended guidance permits, as a practical expedient, a reporting entity to measure the fair value of an investment using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) provided by the investee without further adjustment.  The amendments are effective for interim and annual periods ending after December 15, 2009. The company does not expect a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements due to the adoption of this amended guidance.

 

In August 2009, the FASB issued guidance on the measurement of liabilities at fair value. The guidance provides clarification that in circumstances in which a quoted market price in an active market for an identical liability is not available, an entity is required to measure fair value using a valuation technique that uses the quoted price of an identical liability when traded as an asset or, if unavailable, quoted prices for similar liabilities or similar assets when traded as assets. If none of this information is available, an entity should use a valuation technique in accordance with existing fair valuation principles. The company adopted this guidance in the quarter ended September 30, 2009 and there was no material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

On July 1, 2009, the FASB issued the FASB Accounting Standards Codification (the Codification). The Codification became the single source of authoritative nongovernmental U.S. GAAP, superseding existing FASB, American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) and related literature. The Codification eliminates the previous US GAAP hierarchy and establishes one level of authoritative GAAP. All other literature is considered non-authoritative. The Codification was effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

 

The company adopted the Codification for the quarter ending September 30, 2009. There was no impact to the consolidated financial results as this change is disclosure-only in nature.

 

In June 2009, the FASB issued amendments to the accounting rules for variable interest entities (VIEs) and for transfers of financial assets. The new guidance for VIEs eliminates the quantitative approach previously required for determining the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity and requires ongoing qualitative reassessments of whether an enterprise is the primary beneficiary. In addition, qualifying special purpose entities (QSPEs) are no longer exempt from consolidation under the amended guidance. The amendments also limit the circumstances in which a financial asset, or a portion of a financial asset, should be derecognized when the transferor has not transferred the entire original financial asset to an entity that is not consolidated with the transferor in the financial statements being presented, and/or when the transferor has continuing involvement with the transferred financial asset. The company will adopt these amendments for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on January 1, 2010. The company does not expect the adoption of these amendments to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In May 2009, the FASB issued guidelines on subsequent event accounting which sets forth: 1) the period after the balance sheet date during which management of a reporting entity should evaluate events or transactions that may occur for potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements; 2) the circumstances under which an entity should recognize events or transactions occurring after the balance sheet date in its financial statements; and 3) the disclosures that an entity should make about events or transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date. These guidelines were effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009, and the company adopted them in the quarter ended June 30, 2009. There was no impact on the consolidated financial results.

 

In April 2009, the FASB issued guidance on determining fair value when the volume and level of activity for an asset or liability has significantly decreased, and in identifying transactions that are not orderly. Based on the guidance, if an entity determines that the level of activity for an asset or liability has significantly decreased and that a transaction is not orderly, further analysis of transactions or quoted prices is needed, and a significant adjustment to the transaction or quoted prices may be necessary to estimate fair value. The guidance was effective on a prospective basis for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009. The company adopted this guidance in the quarter ended June 30, 2009, and there was no material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In April 2009, the FASB issued guidance on the recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairments on investments in debt securities. If an entity’s management asserts that it does not have the intent to sell a debt security and it is more likely than not that it will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, then an entity may separate other-than-temporary impairments into two components: 1) the amount related to credit losses (recorded in earnings), and 2) all other amounts (recorded in other comprehensive income). This guidance was effective on a prospective basis for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009. The company adopted this guidance for the quarter ended June 30, 2009, and there was no material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In April 2009, the FASB issued additional requirements regarding interim disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments which were previously only disclosed on an annual basis. Entities are now required to disclose the fair value of financial instruments which are not recorded at fair value in the financial statements in both their interim and annual financial statements. The new requirements were effective for interim and annual periods ending after June 15, 2009 on a prospective basis. The company adopted these requirements in the quarter ended June 30, 2009. There was no impact on the consolidated financial results as this relates only to additional disclosures. The required disclosures are included in Note 4, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments,” on page 11.

 

On January 1, 2009, the company adopted the revised FASB guidance regarding business combinations which was required to be applied to business combinations on a prospective basis. The revised guidance requires that the acquisition method of accounting be applied to a broader set of business combinations, amends the definition of a business combination, provides a definition of a business, requires an acquirer to recognize an acquired business at its fair value at the acquisition date and requires the assets and liabilities assumed in a business combination to be measured and recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date (with limited exceptions). There was no impact upon adoption and the effects of this guidance will depend on the nature and significance of business combinations occurring after the effective date. See Note 11, “Acquisitions / Divestitures” on pages 25 and 26 for further information regarding 2009 business combinations.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

 

In April 2009, the FASB issued an amendment to the revised business combination guidance regarding the accounting for assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that arise from contingencies. The requirements of this amended guidance carry forward without significant revision the guidance on contingencies which existed prior to January 1, 2009. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination that arise from contingencies are recognized at fair value if fair value can be reasonably estimated. If fair value cannot be reasonably estimated, the asset or liability would generally be recognized in accordance with the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 450 on contingencies. There was no impact upon adoption. See Note 11, “Acquisitions / Divestitures” on pages 25 and 26 for further information regarding 2009 business combinations.

 

In April 2008, the FASB issued new requirements regarding the determination of the useful lives of intangible assets. In developing assumptions about renewal or extension options used to determine the useful life of an intangible asset, an entity needs to consider its own historical experience adjusted for entity-specific factors. In the absence of that experience, an entity shall consider the assumptions that market participants would use about renewal or extension options. The new requirements apply to intangible assets acquired after January 1, 2009. The adoption of these new rules did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In December 2007, the FASB issued new guidance on noncontrolling interests in consolidated financial statements. This guidance requires that the noncontrolling interest in the equity of a subsidiary be accounted for and reported as equity, provides revised guidance on the treatment of net income and losses attributable to the noncontrolling interest and changes in ownership interests in a subsidiary and requires additional disclosures that identify and distinguish between the interests of the controlling and noncontrolling owners. Pursuant to the transition provisions, the company adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2009 via retrospective application of the presentation and disclosure requirements. Noncontrolling interests of $119 million at December 31, 2008 were reclassified from the Liabilities section to the Stockholders’ Equity section in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as of January 1, 2009.

 

Noncontrolling interest amounts of $1 million and $(3) million, net of tax, for the three months ended September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2008, respectively, and $4 million and $11 million, net of tax, for the nine months ended September 30, 2009 and September 30, 2008, respectively, are not presented separately in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings due to immateriality, but are reflected within the other (income) and expense line item.

 

In March 2008, the FASB issued new disclosure requirements regarding derivative instruments and hedging activities. Entities must now provide enhanced disclosures on an interim and annual basis regarding how and why the entity uses derivatives; how derivatives and related hedged items are accounted for, and how derivatives and related hedged items affect the entity’s financial position, financial results and cash flow. Pursuant to the transition provisions, the company adopted these new requirements on January 1, 2009. The required disclosures are presented in Note 6, “Derivatives and Hedging Transactions,” on pages 12 to 19 on a prospective basis. These new requirements do not impact the consolidated financial results as they are disclosure-only in nature.

 

The FASB guidance on fair value measurements and disclosures became effective January 1, 2008. However, in February 2008, the FASB delayed the effective date regarding fair value measurements and disclosures of nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually), to January 1, 2009. The adoption of these provisions related to nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities on January 1, 2009 did not have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

In June 2008, the FASB issued guidance in determining whether instruments granted in share-based payment transactions are participating securities. The guidance became effective on January 1, 2009 via retrospective application. According to the new guidance, unvested share-based payment awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are participating securities and, therefore, are included in computing earnings per share (EPS) pursuant to the two-class method. The two-class method determines earnings per share for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends or dividend equivalents and their respective participation rights in undistributed earnings. Restricted Stock Units (RSUs) granted to employees prior to December 31, 2007 are considered participating securities as they receive non-forfeitable dividend equivalents at the same rate as common stock. RSUs granted after December 31, 2007 do not receive dividend equivalents and are not considered participating securities. The company retrospectively adopted this guidance on January 1, 2009. The impact of adoption decreased previously reported diluted EPS

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

 

by $0.01 for the third-quarter 2008 and by $0.03 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008. Previously reported basic EPS decreased by $0.01 for the third-quarter 2008 and by $0.04 for the nine months ended September 30, 2008.

 

In November 2008, the FASB issued guidance on accounting for defensive intangible assets. A defensive intangible asset is an asset acquired in a business combination or in an asset acquisition that an entity does not intend to actively use. According to the guidance, defensive intangible assets are considered to be a separate unit of account and valued based on their highest and best use from the perspective of an external market participant. The company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2009, and there was no impact upon adoption.

 

In December 2008, the FASB issued guidance regarding employers’ disclosures about postretirement benefit plan assets. This guidance requires more detailed disclosures about the fair value measurements of employers’ plan assets including: (a) investment policies and strategies; (b) major categories of plan assets; (c) information about valuation techniques and inputs to those techniques, including the fair value hierarchy classifications (as defined in the Codification) of the major categories of plan assets; (d) the effects of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) on changes in plan assets; and (e) significant concentrations of risk within plan assets. The disclosures required by this guidance will be included in the company’s year ending 2009 Consolidated Financial Statements. There is no impact on the consolidated financial results as the guidance is disclosure-only in nature.

 

3. Fair Value:

 

Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

 

The following tables present the company’s financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.

 

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

At September 30, 2009

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

Netting (1)

 

Total

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

 1,975

 

$

 5,087

 

$

 —

 

$

 —

 

$

 7,062

 

Marketable securities

 

 

1,980

 

 

 

1,980

 

Derivative assets (2)

 

 

890

 

 

(707

)

183

 

Investments and sundry assets

 

290

 

17

 

 

 

307

 

Total Assets

 

$

 2,265

 

$

 7,974

 

$

 —

 

$

 (707

)

$

 9,532

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative liabilities (3)

 

$

 —

 

$

 2,165

 

$

 —

 

$

 (707

)

$

 1,458

 

Total Liabilities

 

$

 —

 

$

 2,165

 

$

 —

 

$

 (707

)

$

 1,458

 

 


(1)          Represents netting of derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement.

(2)          The gross balances of derivative assets contained within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at September 30, 2009 are $150 million and $739 million, respectively.

(3)          The gross balances of derivative liabilities contained within other accrued expenses and liabilities, and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at September 30, 2009 are $1,162 million and $1,002 million, respectively.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

At December 31, 2008

 

Level 1

 

Level 2

 

Level 3

 

Netting (1)

 

Total

 

Assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

 

$

 1,950

 

$

 8,059

 

$

 —

 

$

 —

 

$

 10,009

 

Marketable securities

 

 

166

 

 

 

166

 

Derivative assets (2)

 

56

 

1,834

 

 

(875

)

1,015

 

Investments and sundry assets

 

165

 

6

 

 

 

171

 

Total Assets

 

$

 2,171

 

$

 10,065

 

$

 —

 

$

 (875

)

$

 11,361

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative liabilities (3)

 

$

 —

 

$

 2,116

 

$

 —

 

$

 (875

)

$

 1,241

 

Total Liabilities

 

$

 —

 

$

 2,116

 

$

 —

 

$

 (875

)

$

 1,241

 

 


(1)          Represents netting of derivative exposures covered by a qualifying master netting agreement.

(2)          The gross balances of derivative assets contained within prepaid expenses and other current assets, and investments and sundry assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2008 are $773 million and $1,117 million, respectively.

(3)          The gross balances of derivative liabilities contained within other accrued expenses and liabilities, and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position at December 31, 2008 are $1,414 million and $702 million, respectively.

 

At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the company did not have any financial assets or financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

 

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

 

In the fourth quarter of 2008, the company recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of $81 million for an equity method investment. The resulting investment which was classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy was valued using a discounted cash flow model. The valuation inputs included an estimate of future cash flows, expectations about possible variations in the amount and timing of cash flows and a discount rate based on the risk-adjusted cost of capital. Potential results were assigned probabilities that resulted in a weighted average or most-likely discounted cash flow fair value as of December 31, 2008. The fair value of the investment after impairment was $7 million at December 31, 2008. During the first nine months of 2009, the balance of this investment was further reduced by an additional impairment of $5 million and other adjustments primarily related to dividends. The balance of this investment was zero at September 30, 2009.

 

4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments: Cash and cash equivalents, debt and marketable equity securities and derivative financial instruments are recognized and measured at fair value in the company’s consolidated financial statements. Notes and other accounts receivable and other investments are financial assets with carrying values that approximate fair value. Accounts payable, other accrued expenses and short-term debt are financial liabilities with carrying values that approximate fair value. In the absence of quoted prices in active markets, considerable judgment is required in developing estimates of fair value. Estimates are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the company could realize in a current market transaction. The following methods and assumptions are used to estimate fair values:

 

Loans and Long-term Receivables

 

Estimates of fair value are based on discounted future cash flows using current interest rates offered for similar loans to clients with similar credit ratings for the same remaining maturities.

 

Long-term Debt

 

Fair value of publicly-traded long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for the identical liability when traded as an asset in an active market. For other long-term debt for which a quoted market price is not available, an expected present value technique that uses rates currently available to the company for debt with similar terms and remaining maturities is used to estimate fair value. The carrying amount of long-term debt is $20,583 million and $22,689 million and the estimated fair value is $22,338 million and $23,351 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.

 

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

 

5. Financing Receivables: The following table presents financing receivables, net of allowances for doubtful accounts, including residual values.

 

 

 

At September 30,

 

At December 31,

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

2009

 

2008

 

Current:

 

 

 

 

 

Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases

 

$

 4,181

 

$

 4,226

 

Commercial financing receivables

 

3,800

 

5,781

 

Client loan receivables

 

4,411

 

4,861

 

Installment payment receivables

 

552

 

608

 

Total

 

$

 12,944

 

$

 15,477

 

Noncurrent:

 

 

 

 

 

Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases

 

$

 5,397

 

$

 5,938

 

Commercial financing receivables

 

60

 

94

 

Client loan receivables

 

4,367

 

4,718

 

Installment payment receivables

 

405

 

433

 

Total

 

$

 10,229

 

$

 11,183

 

 

Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases is for leases that relate principally to the company’s systems products and are for terms ranging generally from two to six years. Net investment in sales-type and direct financing leases includes unguaranteed residual values of $868 million and $916 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively, and is reflected net of unearned income of $962 million and $1,049 million and of allowance for doubtful accounts of $179 million and $217 million at those dates, respectively.

 

Commercial financing receivables relate primarily to inventory and accounts receivable financing for dealers and remarketers of IBM and non-IBM products. Payment terms for inventory and accounts receivable financing generally range from 30 to 90 days.

 

Client loan receivables relate to loans that are provided by Global Financing primarily to the company’s clients to finance the purchase of the company’s software and services. Separate contractual relationships on these financing arrangements are for terms ranging generally from two to seven years. Each financing contract is priced independently at competitive market rates. The company has a history of enforcing the terms of these separate financing agreements.

 

The company utilizes certain of its financing receivables as collateral for non-recourse borrowings. Financing receivables pledged as collateral for borrowings were $260 million and $373 million at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, respectively.

 

The company did not have any financing receivables held for sale as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.

 

6. Derivatives and Hedging Transactions: The company operates in multiple functional currencies and is a significant lender and borrower in the global markets. In the normal course of business, the company is exposed to the impact of interest rate changes and foreign currency fluctuations, and to a lesser extent equity and commodity price changes and client credit risk. The company limits these risks by following established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives, and, where cost effective, financing with debt in the currencies in which assets are denominated. For interest rate exposures, derivatives are used to better align rate movements between the interest rates associated with the company’s lease and other financial assets and the interest rates associated with its financing debt. Derivatives are also used to manage the related cost of debt. For foreign currency exposures, derivatives are used to better manage the cash flow volatility arising from foreign exchange rate fluctuations.

 

As a result of the use of derivative instruments, the company is exposed to the risk that counterparties to derivative contracts will fail to meet their contractual obligations. To mitigate the counterparty credit risk, the company has a policy of only entering into contracts with carefully selected major financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors. The company’s established policies and procedures for mitigating credit risk on principal transactions include reviewing and establishing limits for credit exposure and continually assessing the creditworthiness of counterparties. The right of set-off that exists under certain of these arrangements enables the legal entities of the company subject to the

 

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Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

 

arrangement to net amounts due to and from the counterparty reducing the maximum loss from credit risk in the event of counterparty default. The company is also a party to collateral security arrangements with certain counterparties.  These arrangements require the company to hold or post collateral (cash or U.S. Treasury securities) when the derivative fair values exceed contractually established thresholds. Posting thresholds can be fixed or can vary based on credit default swap pricing or credit ratings received from the major credit agencies. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk related contingent features that were in a liability position at September 30, 2009 was $906 million for which the company has posted collateral of $217 million. Full overnight collateralization of these agreements would be required in the event that the company’s credit rating falls below investment grade or if its credit default swap spread exceeds 250 basis points, as applicable, pursuant to the terms of the collateral security arrangements. The aggregate fair value of derivative instruments in net asset positions as of September 30, 2009 was $890 million. This amount represents the maximum exposure to loss at the reporting date as a result of the counterparties failing to perform as contracted. This exposure is reduced by $707 million of liabilities included in master netting arrangements with those counterparties.  The company does not offset derivative assets against liabilities in master netting arrangements nor does it offset receivables or payables recognized upon payment or receipt of cash collateral against the fair values of the related derivative instruments. At September 30, 2009, the company recorded $269 million in cash collateral related to all applicable derivative instruments in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

 

The company may employ derivative instruments to hedge the volatility in stockholders’ equity resulting from changes in currency exchange rates of significant foreign subsidiaries of the company with respect to the U.S. dollar. These instruments, designated as net investment hedges, expose the company to liquidity risk as the derivatives have an immediate cash flow impact upon maturity which is not offset by the translation of the underlying hedged equity. The company monitors the cash loss potential on an ongoing basis and may discontinue some of these hedging relationships by de-designating the derivative instrument to manage this liquidity risk. Although not designated as accounting hedges, the company may utilize derivatives to offset the changes in fair value of the de-designated instruments from the date of de-designation until maturity. The company expended $111 million and $414 million related to maturities of derivative instruments that existed in qualifying net investment hedge relationships in the three months and nine months ending September 30, 2009, respectively. At September 30, 2009, the company had net assets of $66 million, representing the fair value of derivative instruments in qualifying net investment hedge relationships. The weighted-average remaining maturity of these instruments at September 30, 2009 was approximately two years. In addition, at September 30, 2009, the company had net liabilities of $439 million representing the fair value of derivative instruments that were previously designated in qualifying net investment hedging relationships but were de-designated prior to September 30, 2009; of this amount $173 million is expected to mature over the next twelve months. The notional amount of these instruments at September 30, 2009 was $3,736 million including original and offsetting transactions.

 

In its hedging programs, the company uses forward contracts, futures contracts, interest-rate swaps and cross-currency swaps, depending upon the underlying exposure. The company is not a party to leveraged derivative instruments.

 

A brief description of the major hedging programs, categorized by underlying risk, follows.

 

Interest Rate Risk

 

Fixed and Variable Rate Borrowings

 

The company issues debt in the global capital markets, principally to fund its financing lease and loan portfolio. Access to cost-effective financing can result in interest rate mismatches with the underlying assets. To manage these mismatches and to reduce overall interest cost, the company uses interest-rate swaps to convert specific fixed-rate debt issuances into variable-rate debt (i.e., fair value hedges) and to convert specific variable-rate debt issuances into fixed-rate debt (i.e., cash flow hedges). At September 30, 2009, the total notional amount of the company’s interest rate swaps was $7,917 million.

 

Forecasted Debt Issuance

 

The company is exposed to interest rate volatility on forecasted debt issuances. To manage this risk, the company may use forward starting interest-rate swaps to lock in the rate on the interest payments related to the forecasted debt issuance. These swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The company did not have any derivative instruments relating to this program outstanding at September 30, 2009.

 

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Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

 

Foreign Exchange Risk

 

Long-Term Investments in Foreign Subsidiaries (Net Investment)

 

A significant portion of the company’s foreign currency denominated debt portfolio is designated as a hedge of net investment to reduce the volatility in stockholders’ equity caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates in the functional currency of major foreign subsidiaries with respect to the U.S. dollar. The company also uses cross-currency swaps and foreign exchange forward contracts for this risk management purpose. At September 30, 2009, the total notional amount of derivative instruments designated as net investment hedges was $1,000 million.

 

Anticipated Royalties and Cost Transactions

 

The company’s operations generate significant nonfunctional currency, third-party vendor payments and intercompany payments for royalties and goods and services among the company’s non-U.S. subsidiaries and with the parent company. In anticipation of these foreign currency cash flows and in view of the volatility of the currency markets, the company selectively employs foreign exchange forward contracts to manage its currency risk. These forward contracts are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The maximum length of time over which the company is hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows is approximately four years. At September 30, 2009, the total notional amount of forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges of forecasted royalty and cost transactions was $20,405 million with a weighted-average remaining maturity of 1.3 years.

 

Foreign Currency Denominated Borrowings

 

The company is exposed to exchange rate volatility on foreign currency denominated debt. To manage this risk, the company employs cross-currency swaps to convert fixed-rate foreign currency denominated debt to fixed-rate debt denominated in the functional currency of the borrowing entity. These swaps are accounted for as cash flow hedges. At September 30, 2009, the total notional amount of cross-currency swaps designated as cash flow hedges of foreign currency denominated debt was $300 million.

 

Subsidiary Cash and Foreign Currency Asset/Liability Management

 

The company uses its Global Treasury Centers to manage the cash of its subsidiaries. These centers principally use currency swaps to convert cash flows in a cost-effective manner. In addition, the company uses foreign exchange forward contracts to economically hedge, on a net basis, the foreign currency exposure of a portion of the company’s nonfunctional currency assets and liabilities. The terms of these forward and swap contracts are generally less than two years. The changes in the fair values of these contracts and of the underlying hedged exposures are generally offsetting and are recorded in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. At September 30, 2009, the total notional amount of derivative instruments in economic hedges of foreign currency exposure was $10,740 million.

 

Equity Risk Management

 

The company is exposed to equity price changes principally related to certain obligations to employees. These equity exposures are primarily related to market price movements in certain broad equity market indices and in the company’s own stock. Changes in the overall value of these employee compensation obligations are recorded in selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. Although not designated as accounting hedges, the company utilizes equity derivatives, including equity swaps and futures, to economically hedge the exposures related to its employee compensation obligations. The derivatives are linked to the total return on certain broad equity market indices or the total return on the company’s common stock. They are recorded at fair value with gains or losses also reported in SG&A expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. At September 30, 2009, the total notional amount of derivative instruments in economic hedges of equity risk was $753 million.

 

14



Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements – (continued)

 

Other Risks

 

The company holds warrants to purchase shares of common stock in connection with various investments that are deemed derivatives because they contain net share or net cash settlement provisions. The amount of shares to be purchased under these agreements was immaterial at September 30, 2009. The company records the changes in the fair value of these warrants in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings.

 

The company is exposed to a potential loss if a client fails to pay amounts due under contractual terms. The company utilizes credit default swaps to economically hedge its credit exposures. These derivatives have terms of one year or less. The swaps are recorded at fair value with gains and losses reported in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings. The company does not have any derivative instruments relating to this program outstanding at September 30, 2009.

 

The following tables provide a quantitative summary of the derivative and non-derivative instrument related risk management activity as of and for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2009:

 

15



Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

 

Fair Values of Derivative Instruments

As of September  30, 2009

 

 

 

Derivative Assets

 

Derivative Liabilities

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

Location in the Consolidated Statement of
Financial Position

 

Fair Value

 

Location in the Consolidated
Statement of Financial Position

 

Fair Value

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative Instruments Designated as Hedging Instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest Rate Contracts

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

$

 41

 

Other accrued expenses and liabilities

 

$

 —

 

 

 

Investments and sundry assets

 

624

 

Other liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign Exchange Contracts

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

40

 

Other accrued expenses and liabilities

 

950

 

 

 

Investments and sundry assets

 

87

 

Other liabilities

 

737

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Derivative Instruments Designated as Hedging Instruments

 

 

 

$

 792

 

 

 

$

 1,687

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign Exchange Contracts

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

$

 57

 

Other accrued expenses and liabilities

 

$

 212

 

 

 

Investments and sundry assets

 

30

 

Other liabilities

 

266

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity Contracts

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

 

11

 

Other accrued expenses and liabilities

 

 

 

 

Investments and sundry assets

 

 

Other liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

 

 

 

$

 98

 

 

 

$

 478

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Derivative Instruments

 

 

 

$

 890

 

 

 

$

 2,165

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Debt Designated as Hedging Instruments

 

 

 

 

 

 

Short-term debt

 

$

 1,478

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Long-term debt

 

2,687

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

$

 890

 

 

 

$

 6,330

 

 

16



Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

 

The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings

For the three months ended September 30, 2009

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

Derivative Instruments in
Fair Value Hedging
Relationships

 

Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivatives

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivatives (2)

 

Location of Gain (Loss) on
Hedged Item

 

Amount of Gain (Loss) on Hedged
Item Recognized in Income
Attributable to Risk Being Hedged (3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest Rate Contracts

 

Cost of financing

 

$

92

 

Cost of financing

 

$

(41

)

 

 

 

 

Interest expense

 

63

 

Interest expense

 

(36

)

 

 

Total

 

 

 

$

155

 

 

 

$

(77

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative Instruments in
Cash Flow Hedging
Relationships

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income/(Loss) on
Derivatives (Effective
Portion)

 

Location of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss) into Income

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss) to Income
(Effective Portion)

 

Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivative
(Ineffectiveness) and Amounts
Excluded from Effectiveness Testing

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivatives (Ineffectiveness)
and Amounts Excluded from
Effectiveness Testing (4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest Rate Contracts

 

$

 

Interest expense

 

$

(2

)

Other (income) and expense

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

Other (income) and expense

 

(15

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of sales

 

5

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign Exchange Contracts

 

(943

)

Selling, general and administrative expense

 

6

 

Other (income) and expense

 

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

(943

)

 

 

$

 (6

)

 

 

$

0

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative Instruments and
Debt in Net Investment
Hedging Relationships

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income/(Loss) on
Derivatives (Effective
Portion)

 

Location of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss) into Income

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss) into Income
(Effective Portion)

 

Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
(Ineffectiveness) and Amounts
Excluded from Effectiveness Testing

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivatives (Ineffectiveness)
and Amounts Excluded from
Effectiveness Testing (5)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign Exchange Contracts

 

$

(224

)

Other (income) and expense

 

$

 

Interest expense

 

$

(1

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative Instruments Not
Designated as Hedging
Instruments (1)

 

Location of Gain (Loss) on
Derivatives

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivatives

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign Exchange Contracts

 

Other (income) and expense

 

$

172

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity Contracts

 

Selling, general and administrative expense

 

91

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

$

263

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


(1) See Note 6 for additional information on the company’s purpose for entering into derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and its overall risk management strategies.

(2) The amount includes changes in clean fair values of the derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships and the periodic accrual for coupon payments required under these derivative contracts.

(3) The amount includes basis adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item recorded during the period and amortization of basis adjustments recorded on de-designated hedging relationships during the period.

(4) The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income represents ineffectiveness on hedge relationships.

(5) The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income represents amounts excluded from effectiveness assessment.

 

17



Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

 

The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings

For the nine months ended September 30, 2009

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

Derivative Instruments in
Fair Value Hedging
Relationships

 

Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivatives

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivatives (2)

 

Location of Gain (Loss) on
Hedged Item

 

Amount of Gain (Loss) on Hedged
Item Recognized in Income
Attributable to Risk Being Hedged (3)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest Rate Contracts

 

Cost of financing

 

$

(92

)

Cost of financing

 

$

209

 

 

 

 

 

Interest expense

 

(54

)

Interest expense

 

123

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

$

(146

)

 

 

$

332

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative Instruments in
Cash Flow Hedging
Relationships

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income/(Loss)on Derivatives
(Effective Portion)

 

Location of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss) into Income

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss) into Income
(Effective Portion)

 

Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
(Ineffectiveness) and Amounts
Excluded from Effectiveness Testing

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivatives (Ineffectiveness)
and Amounts Excluded from
Effectiveness Testing (4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interest Rate Contracts

 

$

(0

)

Interest expense

 

$

(12

)

Other (income) and expense

 

$

 

 

 

 

 

Other (income) and expense

 

189

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cost of sales

 

107

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign Exchange Contracts

 

(1,073

)

Selling, general and administrative expense

 

74

 

Other (income) and expense

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

$

(1,073

)

 

 

$

358

 

 

 

$

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative Instruments and
Debt in 133 Net Investment
Hedging Relationships

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Accumulated
Other Comprehensive
Income/(Loss) on
Derivatives (Effective
Portion)

 

Location of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss) into Income

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss) into Income
(Effective Portion)

 

Location of Gain (Loss) on Derivatives
(Ineffectiveness) and Amounts
Excluded from Effectiveness Testing

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivatives (Ineffectiveness)
and Amounts Excluded from
Effectiveness Testing (5)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign Exchange Contracts

 

$

(268

)

Other (income) and expense

 

$

 

Interest expense

 

$

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Derivative Instruments Not
Designated as Hedging
Instruments (1)

 

Location of Gain (Loss) on
Derivatives

 

Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivatives

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign Exchange Contracts

 

Other (income) and expense

 

$

(69

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Equity Contracts

 

Selling, general and administrative expense

 

138

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

 

 

 

$

69

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


(1) See Note 6 for additional information on the company’s purpose for entering into derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and its overall risk management strategies.

(2) The amount includes changes in clean fair values of the derivative instruments in fair value hedging relationships and the periodic accrual for coupon payments required under these derivative contracts.

(3) The amount includes basis adjustments to the carrying value of the hedged item recorded during the period and amortization of basis adjustments recorded on de-designated hedging relationships during the period.

(4) The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income represents ineffectiveness on hedge relationships.

(5) The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income represents amounts excluded from effectiveness assessment.

 

18



Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

 

At September 30, 2009, in connection with cash flow hedges of anticipated royalties and cost transactions, the company recorded net losses of $1,335 million (before taxes), in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss). Of this amount, $718 million of losses are expected to be reclassified to net income within the next twelve months, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying anticipated transactions. At September 30, 2009, net losses of approximately $19 million (before taxes), were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) in connection with cash flow hedges of the company’s borrowings. Of this amount, $9 million of losses are expected to be reclassified to net income within the next twelve months, providing an offsetting economic impact against the underlying transactions.

 

For the nine months ending September 30, 2009, there were no significant gains or losses recognized in earnings representing hedge ineffectiveness or excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness (for fair value hedges), or associated with an underlying exposure that did not or was not expected to occur (for cash flow hedges); nor are there any anticipated in the normal course of business.

 

Refer to the 2008 IBM Annual Report, Note A, “Significant Accounting Policies” on pages 73 and 74 for additional information on the company’s use of derivative instruments.

 

7. Stock-Based Compensation: Stock-based compensation cost is measured at grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized over the employee requisite service period.  The following table presents total stock-based compensation cost included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended September 30,

 

Nine Months Ended September 30,

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

2009

 

2008

 

2009

 

2008

 

Cost

 

$

22

 

$

29

 

$

69

 

$

88

 

Selling, general and administrative

 

114

 

116

 

313

 

368

 

Research, development and engineering

 

11

 

15

 

34

 

44

 

Pre-tax stock-based compensation cost

 

147

 

160

 

416

 

501

 

Income tax benefits

 

(52

)

(58

)

(147

)

(168

)

Total stock-based compensation cost

 

$

95

 

$

103

 

$

270

 

$

333

 

 

The reduction in pre-tax stock-based compensation cost for the three months ended September 30, 2009, as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was principally the result of a reduction in the level of stock option grants ($39 million), partially offset by an increase related to restricted and performance-based stock units ($26 million).  The reduction in pre-tax stock-based compensation cost for the nine months ended September 30, 2009, as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year, was principally the result of a reduction in the level of stock option grants ($128 million), partially offset by an increase related to restricted and performance-based stock units ($44 million).

 

As of September 30, 2009, the total unrecognized compensation cost of $1,139 million related to non-vested awards is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately three years.

 

There were no significant capitalized stock-based compensation costs at September 30, 2009 and 2008.

 

8. Segments:  The following tables reflect the results of the company’s reportable segments consistent with the management system used by the company’s chief operating decision maker. These results are not necessarily a depiction that is in conformity with GAAP. For example, employee retirement plan costs are developed using actuarial assumptions on a country-by-country basis and allocated to the segments based on headcount.  Different results could occur if actuarial assumptions that are unique to the segments were used. Performance measurement is based on income before income taxes (pre-tax income). These results are used, in part, by management, both in evaluating the performance of, and in allocating resources to, each of the segments.

 

19



Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

 

SEGMENT INFORMATION

(UNAUDITED)

 

 

 

Global Services

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Global
Technology

 

Global
Business

 

 

 

Systems and

 

Global

 

Total

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

Services

 

Services

 

Software

 

Technology

 

Financing

 

Segments

 

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2009:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

External revenue

 

$

9,434

 

$

4,338

 

$

5,114

 

$

3,917

 

$

536

 

$

23,339

 

Internal revenue

 

355

 

214

 

656

 

260

 

419

 

1,904

 

Total revenue

 

$

9,789

 

$

4,552

 

$

5,770

 

$

4,177

 

$

955

 

$

25,243

 

Pre-tax income

 

$

1,471

 

$

659

 

$

1,850

 

$

225

 

$

408

 

$

4,614

 

Revenue year-to-year change

 

(4.5

)%

(11.8

)%

(2.3

)%

(10.2

)%

(12.4

)%

(6.7

)%

Pre-tax income year-to-year change

 

23.8

%

(8.9

)%

21.2

%

(20.6

)%

16.8

%

13.3

%

Pre-tax income margin

 

15.0

%

14.5

%

32.1

%

5.4

%

42.7

%

18.3

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2008:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

External revenue

 

$

9,864

 

$

4,900

 

$

5,249

 

$

4,431

 

$

633

 

$

25,077

 

Internal revenue

 

384

 

259

 

655

 

223

 

456

 

1,978

 

Total revenue

 

$

10,248

 

$

5,160

 

$

5,904

 

$

4,654

 

$

1,090

 

$

27,055

 

Pre-tax income

 

$

1,189

 

$

724

 

$

1,527

 

$

283

 

$

349

 

$

4,072

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pre-tax income margin

 

11.6

%

14.0

%

25.9

%

6.1

%

32.0

%

15.1

%

 

Reconciliations to IBM as Reported:

 

 

 

Three Months Ended

 

Three Months Ended

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

September 30, 2009

 

September 30, 2008

 

Revenue:

 

 

 

 

 

Total reportable segments

 

$

25,243

 

$

27,055

 

Eliminations/other

 

(1,677

)

(1,753

)

Total IBM Consolidated

 

$

23,566

 

$

25,302

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pre-tax income:

 

 

 

 

 

Total reportable segments

 

$

4,614

 

$

4,072

 

Eliminations/other

 

(241

)*

(177

)*

Total IBM Consolidated

 

$

4,373

 

$

3,895

 

 


*

 

Includes the gain from the divestiture of the company’s printing business, the interest expense associated with the debt to support the company’s accelerated share repurchase and the 2008 gain from the sale of Lenovo stock.

 

20



Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

 

SEGMENT INFORMATION

(UNAUDITED)

 

 

 

Global Services

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Global
Technology

 

Global
Business

 

 

 

Systems and

 

Global

 

Total

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

Services

 

Services

 

Software

 

Technology

 

Financing

 

Segments

 

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

External revenue

 

$

27,296

 

$

13,074

 

$

14,820

 

$

11,000

 

$

1,682

 

$

67,872

 

Internal revenue

 

1,039

 

670

 

1,883

 

679

 

1,255

 

5,527

 

Total revenue

 

$

28,336

 

$

13,743

 

$

16,703

 

$

11,680

 

$

2,937

 

$

73,399

 

Pre-tax income

 

$

3,980

 

$

1,789

 

$

5,037

 

$

586

 

$

1,233

 

$

12,625

 

Revenue year-to-year change

 

(8.0

)%

(12.4

)%

(5.7

)%

(19.4

)%

(10.1

)%

(10.5

)%

Pre-tax income year-to-year change

 

25.5

%

(7.8

)%

17.5

%

(29.2

)%

5.8

%

10.8

%

Pre-tax income margin

 

14.0

%

13.0

%

30.2

%

5.0

%

42.0

%

17.2

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

External revenue

 

$

29,640

 

$

14,918

 

$

15,670

 

$

13,862

 

$

1,900

 

$

75,990

 

Internal revenue

 

1,162

 

776

 

2,041

 

633

 

1,367

 

5,980

 

Total revenue

 

$

30,803

 

$

15,694

 

$

17,711

 

$

14,495

 

$

3,267

 

$

81,970

 

Pre-tax income

 

$

3,171

 

$

1,940

 

$

4,286

 

$

829

 

$

1,165

 

$

11,391

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pre-tax income margin

 

10.3

%

12.4

%

24.2

%

5.7

%

35.7

%

13.9

%

 

Reconciliations to IBM as Reported:

 

 

 

Nine Months Ended

 

Nine Months Ended

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

September 30, 2009

 

September 30, 2008

 

Revenue:

 

 

 

 

 

Total reportable segments

 

$

73,399

 

$

81,970

 

Eliminations/other

 

(4,871

)

(5,347

)

Total IBM Consolidated

 

$

68,528

 

$

76,623

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pre-tax income:

 

 

 

 

 

Total reportable segments

 

$

12,625

 

$

11,391

 

Eliminations/other

 

(868

)*

(484

)*

Total IBM Consolidated

 

$

11,757

 

$

10,907

 

 


*

 

Includes the 2009 provision for losses related to a joint venture investment, the gain from the divestiture of the company’s printing business, the interest expense associated with the debt to support the company’s accelerated share repurchase and the 2008 gain from the sale of Lenovo stock.

 

21



Table of Contents

 

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — (continued)

 

9.  Stockholders’ Equity:

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

Common
Stock and
Additional
Paid–in
Capital

 

Retained
Earnings

 

Treasury
Stock

 

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss)

 

Total IBM
Stockholders’
Equity

 

Noncontrolling
Interests*

 

Total
Stockholders’
Equity

 

Stockholders’ equity, January 1, 2009

 

$

39,129

 

$

70,353

 

$

(74,171

)

$

(21,845

)

$

13,465

 

$

119

 

$

13,584

 

Net income

 

 

 

8,612

 

 

 

 

 

8,612

 

 

 

8,612

 

Other comprehensive income, net of tax (total)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1,358

 

1,358

 

 

 

1,358

 

Cash dividends declared – common stock

 

 

 

(2,133

)

 

 

 

 

(2,133

)

 

 

(2,133

)

Stock transactions related to employee plans – net

 

1,353

 

(20

)

166

 

 

 

1,499

 

 

 

1,499

 

Other treasury shares purchased – not retired

 

 

 

 

 

(4,406

)

 

 

(4,406

)

 

 

(4,406

)

Changes in noncontrolling interests

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(22

)

(22

)

Stockholders’ equity - September 30, 2009

 

$

40,482

 

$

76,812

 

$

(78,411

)

$

(20,487

)

$

18,396

 

$

98

 

$

18,493

 

 

(Dollars in millions)

 

Common
Stock and
Additional
Paid–in
Capital

 

Retained
Earnings

 

Treasury
Stock

 

Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income/(Loss)

 

Total IBM
Stockholders’
Equity

 

Noncontrolling
Interests*

 

Total
Stockholders’
Equity

 

Stockholders’ equity, January 1, 2008

 

$

35,188

 

$

60,640

 

$

(63,945

)

$

(3,414

)

$

28,470

 

$

145

 

$

28,615

 

Net income

 

 

 

7,907

 

 

 

 

 

7,907

 

 

 

7,907

 

Other comprehensive income, net of tax (total)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(970

)

(970

)

 

 

(970

)

Cash dividends declared – common stock

 

 

 

(1,916

)

 

 

 

 

(1,916

)