UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
x | Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2006 |
or
¨ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 For the transition period from to |
Commission File No. 1-3157
INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New York | 13-0872805 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
6400 Poplar Avenue
Memphis, Tennessee
(Address of principal executive offices)
38197
(Zip Code)
Registrants telephone number, including area code: (901)419-7000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class |
Name of each exchange on which registered | |
Common Stock, $1 per share par value | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Company was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (paragraph 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x | Accelerated filer ¨ | Non-accelerated filer ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the Companys outstanding common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, as of the last business day of the registrants most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2006) was approximately $15,926,970,664.
The number of shares outstanding of the Companys common stock, as of February 23, 2007 was 452,587,634.
Documents incorporated by reference:
Portions of the registrants proxy statement filed within 120 days of the close of the registrants fiscal year in connection with registrants 2007 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated by reference into Parts III and IV of this Form 10-K.
INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY
INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006
PART I. |
||||
ITEM 1. |
||||
1 | ||||
1 | ||||
Financial Information About International and Domestic Operations |
1 | |||
2 | ||||
2 | ||||
2 | ||||
3 | ||||
4 | ||||
4 | ||||
4 | ||||
4 | ||||
5 | ||||
5 | ||||
ITEM 1A. |
6 | |||
ITEM 1B. |
7 | |||
ITEM 2. |
||||
7 | ||||
8 | ||||
8 | ||||
ITEM 3. |
8 | |||
ITEM 4. |
8 | |||
PART II. |
||||
ITEM 5. |
9 | |||
ITEM 6. |
11 | |||
ITEM 7. |
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. |
|||
14 | ||||
16 | ||||
17 | ||||
23 | ||||
24 | ||||
29 | ||||
33 | ||||
35 | ||||
36 | ||||
38 | ||||
38 | ||||
40 | ||||
41 | ||||
41 | ||||
42 |
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INTERNATIONAL PAPER COMPANY
INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K (Continued)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006
ITEM 7A. |
42 | |||
ITEM 8. |
||||
43 | ||||
45 | ||||
Reports of Deloitte & Touche LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm |
47 | |||
49 | ||||
50 | ||||
51 | ||||
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Common Shareholders Equity |
52 | |||
53 | ||||
89 | ||||
ITEM 9. |
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. |
92 | ||
ITEM 9A. |
92 | |||
ITEM 9B. |
93 | |||
PART III. |
||||
ITEM 10. |
93 | |||
ITEM 11. |
94 | |||
ITEM 12. |
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS. |
94 | ||
ITEM 13. |
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE. |
94 | ||
ITEM 14. |
94 | |||
PART IV. |
||||
ITEM 15. |
||||
94 | ||||
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Financial Statement Schedule |
99 | |||
100 | ||||
101 | ||||
APPENDIX I |
2006 LISTING OF FACILITIES |
A-1 | ||
APPENDIX II |
2006 CAPACITY INFORMATION |
A-3 |
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PART I.
International Paper Company (the Company or International Paper, which may also be referred to as we or us), is a global paper and packaging company that is complemented by an extensive North American merchant distribution system, with primary markets and manufacturing operations in the United States, Europe, South America and Asia. We are a New York corporation, incorporated in 1941 as the successor to the New York corporation of the same name organized in 1898. Our home page on the Internet is www.internationalpaper.com. You can learn more about us by visiting that site.
In the United States at December 31, 2006, the Company operated 18 pulp, paper and packaging mills, 94 converting and packaging plants, 24 wood products facilities and six specialty chemicals plants. Production facilities at December 31, 2006 in Europe, Asia, Latin America and South America included six pulp, paper and packaging mills, 51 converting and packaging plants, and five specialty chemicals plants. We distribute printing, packaging, graphic arts, maintenance and industrial products principally through over 268 distribution branches located primarily in the United States. At December 31, 2006, we owned or managed approximately 500,000 acres of forestlands in the United States, approximately 370,000 acres in Brazil and had, through licenses and forest management agreements, harvesting rights on approximately 500,000 acres of government-owned forestlands in Russia. Substantially all of our businesses have experienced, and are likely to continue to experience, cycles relating to industry capacity and general economic conditions.
For management and financial reporting purposes, our businesses are separated into six segments: Printing Papers; Industrial Packaging; Consumer Packaging; Distribution; Forest Products; and Specialty Businesses and Other. A description of these business segments can be found on pages 23 and 24 of Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. A discussion of the Companys Transformation Plan to concentrate on two key global platform businesses, Uncoated Papers (including Distribution) and Packaging, can be found on pages 33 through 35 of Item 7.
From 2002 through 2006, International Papers capital expenditures approximated $5.1 billion, excluding mergers and acquisitions. These expenditures reflect
our continuing efforts to improve product quality and environmental performance, lower costs and improve forestlands. Capital spending for continuing operations in 2006 was approximately $1.0 billion and is expected to be approximately $1.2 billion in 2007. This amount is about the same as our expected annual depreciation and amortization expense. You can find more information about capital expenditures on page 30 of Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Discussions of acquisitions can be found on page 30 of Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
You can find discussions of restructuring charges and other special items on pages 20 through 22 of Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Throughout this Annual Report on Form 10-K, we incorporate by reference certain information in parts of other documents filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC permits us to disclose important information by referring to it in that manner. Please refer to such information. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, along with all other reports and any amendments thereto filed with or furnished to the SEC, are publicly available free of charge on the Investor Relations section of our Internet Web site at www.internationalpaper.com as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. The information contained on or connected to our Web site is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K and should not be considered part of this or any other report that we filed with or furnished to the SEC.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION CONCERNING INDUSTRY SEGMENTS
The financial information concerning segments is set forth on pages 43 and 44 of Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC OPERATIONS
The financial information concerning international and domestic operations and export sales is set forth on page 44 of Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
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Despite the size of the Companys manufacturing capacity for paper, paperboard, packaging and pulp products, the markets in all of the cited product lines are large and highly fragmented. The markets for wood and specialty products are similarly large and fragmented. There are numerous competitors, and the major markets, both U.S. and non-U.S., in which the Company sells its principal products are very competitive. These products are in competition with similar products produced by other forest products companies, and in some instances, with products produced by other industries from other materials.
Many factors influence the Companys competitive position, including prices, costs, product quality and services. You can find more information about the impact of prices and costs on operating profits on pages 14 through 29 of Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. You can find information about the Companys manufacturing capacities on page A-3 of Appendix II.
The Company sells paper, packaging products, building materials and other products directly to end users and converters, as well as through agents, resellers and paper distributors. We own a large merchant distribution business that sells products made both by International Paper and by other companies making paper, packaging and graphic arts supplies. Sales offices are located throughout the United States as well as internationally.
DESCRIPTION OF PRINCIPAL PRODUCTS
The Companys principal products are described on pages 23 and 24 of Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
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Sales volumes of major products for 2006, 2005 and 2004 were as follows:
Sales Volumes by Product (1) (2)
(Unaudited)
2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||
Printing Papers (In thousands of tons) |
||||||
Brazil Uncoated Papers |
477 | 447 | 461 | |||
Europe & Russia Uncoated Papers and Bristols |
1,455 | 1,419 | 1,409 | |||
U.S. Uncoated Papers and Bristols |
3,991 | 3,850 | 4,179 | |||
Uncoated Papers and Bristols |
5,923 | 5,716 | 6,049 | |||
Coated Papers (3) |
1,168 | 1,996 | 1,757 | |||
Market Pulp (4) |
1,124 | 1,291 | 1,422 | |||
Packaging (In thousands of tons) |
||||||
Container of the Americas |
3,628 | 3,578 | 2,821 | |||
European Container (Boxes) |
1,267 | 1,073 | 1,049 | |||
Other Industrial and Consumer Packaging |
525 | 421 | 745 | |||
Industrial and Consumer Packaging |
5,420 | 5,072 | 4,615 | |||
Containerboard |
1,816 | 1,937 | 2,090 | |||
Bleached Packaging Board |
1,503 | 1,264 | 1,000 | |||
Coated Bristols |
410 | 411 | 435 | |||
Saturated and Bleached Kraft Papers |
232 | 242 | 272 |
(1) | Includes third-party and inter-segment sales. |
(2) | Sales volumes for divested businesses are included through the date of sale, except for divested businesses classified as discontinued operations. |
(3) | Sold in the third quarter of 2006. International Paper has a 10% continuing interest in the owning entity. |
(4) | Includes internal sales to mills. |
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The Company operates its primary research and development center at Loveland, Ohio, with smaller facilities in Savannah, Georgia, a regional center for applied forest research in Bainbridge, Georgia, and several product laboratories. Additionally, the Company has a 1/3 interest in ArborGen, LLC, a joint venture with certain other forest products and biotechnology companies. We direct research and development activities to short-term, long-term and technical assistance needs of customers and operating divisions and to process, equipment and product innovations. Activities include studies on innovation and improvement of pulping, bleaching, chemical recovery, papermaking and coating processes; packaging design and materials development; reduction of environmental discharges; re-use of raw materials in manufacturing processes; recycling of consumer and packaging paper products; energy conservation; applications of computer controls to manufacturing operations; innovations and improvement of products; and development of various new products. Our development efforts specifically address product safety as well as the minimization of solid waste. The cost to the Company of its research and development operations was $45 million in 2006, $63 million in 2005, and $67 million in 2004.
We own numerous patents, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets relating to our products and to the processes for their production. We also license intellectual property rights to and from others where necessary. Many of the manufacturing processes are among our trade secrets. Some of our products are covered by U.S. and non-U.S. patents and are sold under well known trademarks. We derive a competitive advantage by protecting our trade secrets, patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights, and by using them as required to support our businesses.
Information concerning the effects of the Companys compliance with federal, state and local provisions enacted or adopted relating to environmental protection matters is set forth on pages 40 and 41 of Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
As of December 31, 2006, we had approximately 60,600 employees, 42,000 of whom were located in
the United States. Of the U.S. employees, approximately 27,700 are hourly, with unions representing approximately 16,300 employees. Approximately 13,000 of the union employees are represented by the United Steel Workers under individual location contracts.
During 2006, new labor agreements were ratified at four paper mills, with one paper mill, Savannah, Georgia, carrying over to be ratified in early 2007. In addition, negotiations at the Terre Haute, Indiana, mill have also been carried over into 2007. During 2007, labor agreements are scheduled to be negotiated at three additional paper mill operations including Georgetown, South Carolina; Vicksburg, Mississippi; and Riverdale, Alabama.
During 2006, 25 labor agreements were settled in non-paper mill operations. Settlements included paper converting, chemical, distribution, consumer packaging and woodlands operations. During 2007, 20 labor agreements are scheduled to be negotiated in 19 non-paper mill operations, plus eight non-paper mill contracts are carrying over from past years.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
John V. Faraci, 57, chairman and chief executive officer since 2003. Prior to this, Mr. Faraci was president since 2003, and executive vice president and chief financial officer from 2000 to 2003. Mr. Faraci joined International Paper in 1974.
Newland A. Lesko, 61, executive vice president-manufacturing and technology since 2003. Mr. Lesko previously served as senior vice president-industrial packaging from 1998 to 2003. Mr. Lesko joined International Paper in 1967.
Marianne M. Parrs, 62, executive vice president since 1999 and chief financial officer since 2005. Ms. Parrs previously served as executive vice president-administration since 1999 responsible for information technology, investor relations, global sourcing, logistics and a large supply chain project. She continues to oversee those areas in her current role. Ms. Parrs joined International Paper in 1974.
John N. Balboni, 58, senior vice president and chief information officer since 2005. He previously served as vice president and chief information officer from 2003 to 2005, and vice president-ebusiness from 2000 to 2003. Mr. Balboni joined the Company in 1988.
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Michael J. Balduino, 56, senior vice president of the Company responsible for consumer products converting business and president of the Companys Shorewood Packaging Corp. subsidiary since 2004. Mr. Balduino joined the Company in 1992 and previously served as the Companys senior vice president of sales and marketing from 2000 to 2003.
H. Wayne Brafford, 55, senior vice president-printing and communications papers since 2005. Previously, Mr. Brafford served as senior vice president-industrial packaging from 2003, and as vice president and general manager-converting, specialty and pulp from 1999 to 2003. Mr. Brafford joined International Paper in 1975.
Jerome N. Carter, 58, senior vice president-human resources since 1999. Since 2005, Mr. Carter is also responsible for overseeing the communications function of the Company. Mr. Carter joined International Paper in 1999.
C. Cato Ealy, 50, senior vice president-corporate development since 2003. He previously served as vice president-corporate development from 1996 to 2003. Mr. Ealy joined International Paper in 1992.
Thomas E. Gestrich, 60, senior vice president and president-IP Asia since 2005. Previously, Mr. Gestrich served as senior vice president-consumer packaging from 2001 to 2005. Prior to that, he served as vice president and general manager-beverage packaging from 1999 to 2001. Mr. Gestrich joined International Paper in 1990.
Paul Herbert, 57, senior vice president-strategic initiatives since 2005. He previously served as senior vice president-printing and communication papers from 2000 to 2005. Mr. Herbert joined International Paper in 1992.
Thomas G. Kadien, 50, senior vice president and president-xpedx since 2005. Previously, Mr. Kadien served as senior vice president-Europe from 2003 to 2005, and as vice president-commercial printing and imaging papers from 2001 to 2003. Mr. Kadien joined International Paper in 1978.
Mary A. Laschinger, 46, senior vice president since 2007 and president-IP Europe since 2005. Ms. Laschinger previously served as vice president-wood products from 2004 to 2005 and as vice president-pulp from 2001 to 2004. Prior to that, she served as the general manager-industrial papers from 1999 to 2001. Ms. Laschinger joined International Paper in 1992.
Andrew R. Lessin, 64, senior vice president-internal audit since 2002. Mr. Lessin previously served as vice
president-finance from 2000 to 2002. Mr. Lessin joined International Paper in 1977.
Maximo Pacheco, 54, senior vice president since 2005 and president-IP do Brasil since 2004. Previously, Mr. Pacheco served as senior vice president-IP do Brasil from 2003 to 2004. Prior to that, he was president-IP Latin America from 2000 to 2003. Mr. Pacheco joined International Paper in 1994.
Carol L. Roberts, 47, senior vice president-IP packaging solutions since 2005. She previously served as vice president-container of the Americas from 2000. Ms. Roberts joined International Paper in 1981.
Maura A. Smith, 51, senior vice president, general counsel and corporate secretary since 2003. Since 2005, Ms. Smith is also responsible for overseeing the public affairs function of the Company. From 1998 to 2003, she served as senior vice president, general counsel and corporate secretary of Owens Corning and, in addition, from 2000 to 2003, as chief restructuring officer of Owens Corning. Ms. Smith joined International Paper in 2003.
Robert J. Grillet, 51, vice president-finance and controller since 2003. He previously served as group senior vice president-xpedx from 2000 to 2003. Mr. Grillet joined International Paper in 1976.
For information on the sources and availability of raw materials essential to our business, see Item 2. Properties.
Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and in particular, statements found in Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, that are not historical in nature, may constitute forward-looking statements. These statements are often identified by the words, will, may, should, continue, anticipate, believe, expect, plan, appear, project, estimate, intend, and words of a similar nature. Such statements reflect the current views of International Paper with respect to future events and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in these statements. Below, we have listed specific risks and uncertainties that you should carefully read and consider. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
5
In addition to the risks and uncertainties discussed elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (particularly in Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations), or in the Companys other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the following are some important factors that could cause the Companys actual results to differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statement.
RISKS RELATING TO INDUSTRY CONDITIONS
CHANGES IN THE COST OR AVAILABILITY OF RAW MATERIALS AND ENERGY. We rely heavily on certain raw materials (principally wood fiber, caustic soda and polyethylene) and energy sources (principally natural gas, coal and fuel oil) in our manufacturing process. Our ability to increase earnings has been, and will continue to be, affected by changes in the costs and availability of such raw materials and energy sources. We may not be able to fully offset the effects of higher raw material or energy costs through hedging arrangements, price increases, and productivity improvements or cost reduction programs.
CHANGES IN TRANSPORTATION AVAILABILITY OR COSTS. Our business depends on the transportation of a large number of products, both domestically and internationally. In the United States, an increase in transportation rates or fuel surcharges could adversely affect our earnings, and/or a reduction in transport availability in truck and rail could negatively impact our ability to provide products to our customers in a timely manner. While we have benefited from supply-chain initiatives that reduce usage and improve transportation availability, there is no assurance that such availability can continue to be effectively managed in the future.
COMPETITION. We face intense competition, both domestically and internationally, for our products in all of our operating segments. Because our outlook depends on a forecast of our share of industry sales, an unexpected reduction in that share due to pricing or product strategies pursued by competitors could negatively impact our revenues and financial results.
PRODUCT MIX. Our results may be affected by a change in the Companys sales mix. Our outlook assumes a certain volume mix of sales as well as a product mix of sales. If actual results vary from this projected volume and product mix of sales, our operations and our financial results could be negatively impacted.
PRICING. Our outlook assumes that we will be successful in implementing previously announced price increases as well as other price increases that we may in the future deem necessary and/or appropriate. Delays in the realization of these price increases would negatively impact our results. Moreover, price discounting, if required to maintain our competitive position and our share of industry sales, could result in lower than anticipated price realizations.
DEMAND FOR OUR PRODUCTS. Demand for our products is affected by general economic conditions in North America, Europe, Latin America and Asia. Changes in industrial non-durable goods production, consumer spending, commercial printing and advertising activity, white-collar employment levels, interest rates and currency exchange rates may adversely affect our businesses and our financial results.
RISKS RELATING TO MARKET AND ECONOMIC FACTORS
CHANGES IN CREDIT RATINGS ISSUED BY NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED STATISTICAL RATING ORGANIZATIONS. Maintaining an investment grade credit rating for our long-term debt continues to be an important element in our overall financial strategy. Our debt ratings are, from time to time, reviewed by the rating organizations and remain subject to change, and a downgrade in rating of our debt could increase our interest cost and negatively affect our earnings.
PENSION AND HEALTH CARE COSTS. Our pension and health care costs are dependent upon numerous factors resulting from actual plan experience and assumptions of future experience. Pension plan assets are primarily made up of equity and fixed income investments. Fluctuations in actual equity market returns as well as changes in general interest rates may result in increased or decreased pension costs in future periods. Likewise, changes in assumptions regarding current discount rates and expected rates of return on plan assets could also increase or decrease pension costs.
NATURAL DISASTERS. The occurrence of a natural disaster, such as a hurricane, tropical storm, earthquake, tornado, flooding or other unanticipated problems, could cause operational disruptions which could impair our profitability.
CHANGES IN INTERNATIONAL CONDITIONS. Our results could be substantially affected by foreign market risks in the countries in which we have
6
manufacturing facilities or sell our products. Specifically, Brazil, Russia, Poland and China, where substantial manufacturing facilities exist, are countries that are exposed to economic and political instability in their respective regions of the world. Downturns in economic activity, adverse foreign tax consequences or any change in social, political or labor conditions in any of these countries or regions could negatively affect our financial results.
CHANGES IN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES. We are impacted by the movement of various currencies relative to the U.S. dollar. From time to time, we may hedge a portion of the risk from our transactions and commitments denominated in non-U.S. dollar currencies when we deem it appropriate to do so. There can, however, be no assurance that we will be able to fully protect ourselves against substantial foreign currency fluctuations.
RISKS RELATING TO THE COMPANYS TRANSFORMATION PLAN
THE ABILITY TO SUCCESSFULLY EXECUTE SALES TRANSACTIONS CURRENTLY UNDER CONTRACT. The Companys ability to successfully execute sales transactions under contract (including contracts executed pursuant to the Transformation Plan) and to realize the anticipated sales proceeds is dependent upon many factors, including the ability to successfully consummate the transactions without a purchase price adjustment, the successful fulfillment (or waiver) of all conditions set forth in the sales agreements, and the successful closing of the transactions within the estimated timeframes.
THE ABILITY TO INVEST PROCEEDS WITH ATTRACTIVE FINANCIAL RETURNS. The Company will selectively seek attractive investment opportunities for a portion of the proceeds from divestitures. The Company may be unable to identify and negotiate acceptable investments with attractive returns.
ABILITY TO REALIZE ANTICIPATED PROFIT IMPROVEMENT FROM THE TRANSFORMATION PLAN. The profitability of the Companys two platform businesses, uncoated papers (including distribution) and packaging, is subject to variable demand and the Companys ability to execute internal profit improvement initiatives, including ongoing manufacturing, supply chain and overhead cost reduction initiatives, as well as volume/mix improvements. There can be no assurance that profit improvements will be achieved.
RISKS RELATING TO LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND COMPLIANCE COSTS
UNANTICIPATED EXPENDITURES RELATED TO THE COST OF COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL AND OTHER GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS. Our operations are subject to significant regulation by federal, state and local environmental and safety authorities, both domestically and internationally. There can be no assurance that the costs of compliance with existing and new regulations will not require significant capital expenditures, or that existing reserves for specific matters will, if regulations change, be adequate to cover future unanticipated costs.
RESULTS OF LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. The costs and other effects of pending litigation against the Company cannot be determined with certainty. Although the disclosure in Item 3. Legal Proceedings contains managements current views of the impact such litigation will have on our financial results, there can be no assurance that the outcome of such proceedings will be as expected.
This discussion of uncertainties is by no means exhaustive, but is designed to highlight important factors that may impact our outlook. Obvious general economic factors throughout the world (such as inflation, a sudden drop in consumer or business confidence, or an unexpected collapse in stock markets) do not warrant further discussion, but are noted to further emphasize the many contingencies that may cause our actual results to differ from those currently anticipated.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
The principal raw material used by International Paper is wood in various forms. As of December 31, 2006, the Company or its subsidiaries owned or managed approximately 500,000 acres of forestlands in the United States, approximately 370,000 acres in Brazil, and had, through licenses and forest management agreements, harvesting rights on approximately 500,000 acres of government-owned forestlands in Russia. During 2006, in conjunction with the Companys Transformation Plan, approximately 5.6 million acres of forestlands in the United States were sold under various agreements, principally in October and November, for proceeds
7
totaling approximately $6.6 billion of cash and notes. A further discussion of these sales transactions can be found on page 21 of Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and on page 65 of Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
During 2006, the Companys U.S. forestlands supplied 10.2 million tons of roundwood to its U.S. facilities, representing approximately 17% of its wood fiber requirements. The balance of our fiber requirements came from residual chips supplied by our Wood Products operations, other roundwood and chips purchased from other suppliers, and from other private industrial and nonindustrial forestland owners, with an insignificant amount coming from public lands of the U.S. government. In addition, in 2006, 3.4 million tons of wood from our forestlands were sold to other users. In 2007, the Company expects that approximately 65% of its fiber requirements will come from roundwood, with over 80% purchased on the open market and less than 20% obtained under existing fiber supply agreements. The remaining 35% of our fiber requirements will come from wood chips obtained from other suppliers and other private and nonindustrial forestland owners and through chip supply agreements.
A listing of our production facilities, the vast majority of which we own, can be found in Appendix I hereto, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The Companys facilities are in good operating condition and are suited for the purposes for which they
are presently being used. We continue to study the economics of modernization or adopting other alternatives for higher cost facilities.
CAPITAL INVESTMENTS AND DISPOSITIONS
Given the size, scope and complexity of our business interests, we continually examine and evaluate a wide variety of business opportunities and planning alternatives, including possible acquisitions and sales or other dispositions of properties. You can find a discussion about the level of planned capital investments for 2007 on page 33, and dispositions and restructuring activities as of December 31, 2006, on pages 20 through 22, of Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and on pages 59 through 67 of Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Information concerning the Companys legal proceedings is set forth on pages 40 and 41 of Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and on pages 69 through 73 of Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006.
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PART II.
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Dividend per share data on the Companys common stock and the high and low sales prices for the Companys common stock for each of the four quarters in 2006 and 2005 are set forth on page 89 of Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary
Data. The Companys common shares are traded on the following exchanges: New York, Swiss and Amsterdam. International Paper options are traded on the Chicago Board of Options Exchange. As of February 23, 2007, there were approximately 23,669 record holders of common stock of the Company.
The table below presents information regarding the Companys purchase of its equity securities for the time periods presented.
PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS
Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased |
Average Price Paid per Share |
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |
Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs | |||||||
January 1, 2006 - January 31, 2006 |
4,139 | $ | 33.54 | | | ||||||
February 1, 2006 - February 28, 2006 |
172,980 | 32.70 | | | |||||||
March 1, 2006 - March 31, 2006 |
36,300 | 35.22 | | | |||||||
April 1, 2006 - April 30, 2006 |
836 | 34.57 | | | |||||||
May 1, 2006 - May 31, 2006 |
1,260 | 37.06 | | | |||||||
August 1, 2006 - August 31, 2006 |
1,777 | 34.31 | | | |||||||
September 1, 2006 - September 30, 2006 |
38,465,784 | (a) | 36.00 | (b) | 38,465,260 | | |||||
November 1, 2006 - November 30, 2006 |
4,263 | 33.16 | | | |||||||
December 1, 2006 - December 31, 2006 |
1,220,558 | 33.84 | (b) | | | ||||||
Total |
39,907,897 | (c) | | 38,465,260 | |
(a) | On August 15, 2006, the Company commenced a tender offer to buy back up to 41,666,667 shares of its common stock. The tender offer expired on September 13, 2006, with the Company purchasing 38,465,260 shares. |
(b) | Excludes expenses paid to acquire the shares. |
(c) | 1,442,637 of these shares were not purchased pursuant to a publicly announced plan or program. These were principally open-market repurchases, including 1,220,558 shares repurchased as part of the Companys Transformation Plan. |
No activity occurred in months not presented above.
9
PERFORMANCE GRAPH
The performance graph shall not be deemed to be soliciting material or to be filed with the Commission or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C, or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
The following graph compares a $100 investment in Company stock on December 31, 2001 with a $100 investment in each of our ROI Peer Group and the S&P 500 also made on December 31, 2001. The graph portrays total return, 20012006, assuming reinvestment of dividends.
(1) | The companies included in the ROI Peer Group are Bowater Inc., Domtar Inc., MeadWestvaco Corp., M-Real Corp., Packaging Corporation of America, Sappi Limited, Smurfit-Stone Container Corp., Stora Enso Group, UPM Corporation and Weyerhaeuser Co. |
10
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
FIVE-YEAR FINANCIAL SUMMARY(a)
Dollar amounts in millions, except per share amounts and stock prices | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||||||||||||||
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 21,995 | $ | 21,700 | $ | 20,721 | $ | 19,883 | $ | 20,030 | ||||||||||
Costs and expenses, excluding interest |
18,286 | 20,819 | 19,633 | 19,075 | 19,126 | |||||||||||||||
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and minority interest |
3,188 | (b) | 286 | (d) | 376 | (g) | 89 | (j) | 174 | (m) | ||||||||||
Minority interest expense, net of taxes |
17 | 9 | 24 | 79 | 44 | |||||||||||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes and minority interest |
(232 | )(c) | 416 | (e) | (273 | )(h) | 186 | (141 | ) | |||||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting changes |
| | | (13 | )(k) | (893 | )(n) | |||||||||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
1,050 | (b,c) | 1,100 | (d-f) | (35 | )(g-i) | 302 | (j-l) | (880 | )(m-o) | ||||||||||
Earnings (loss) applicable to common shares |
1,050 | (b,c) | 1,100 | (d-f) | (35 | )(g-i) | 302 | (j-l) | (880 | )(m-o) | ||||||||||
FINANCIAL POSITION |
||||||||||||||||||||
Working capital |
$ | 3,996 | $ | 6,804 | $ | 9,506 | $ | 9,143 | $ | 9,025 | ||||||||||
Plants, properties and equipment, net |
8,993 | 9,073 | 9,402 | 9,348 | 9,559 | |||||||||||||||
Forestlands |
259 | 2,127 | 2,099 | 2,279 | 2,359 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
24,034 | 28,771 | 34,217 | 35,525 | 33,792 | |||||||||||||||
Notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt |
692 | 1,178 | 209 | 1,770 | | |||||||||||||||
Long-term debt |
6,531 | 11,019 | 13,626 | 13,127 | 12,328 | |||||||||||||||
Common shareholders' equity |
7,963 | 8,351 | 8,254 | 8,237 | 7,374 | |||||||||||||||
BASIC PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK |
||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings from continuing operations |
$ | 2.69 | $ | 1.41 | $ | 0.49 | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.32 | ||||||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes and minority interest |
(0.48 | ) | 0.85 | (0.56 | ) | 0.39 | (0.29 | ) | ||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting changes |
| | | (0.03 | ) | (1.86 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
2.21 | 2.26 | (0.07 | ) | 0.63 | (1.83 | ) | |||||||||||||
DILUTED PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK |
||||||||||||||||||||
Earnings from continuing operations |
$ | 2.65 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 0.49 | $ | 0.27 | $ | 0.32 | ||||||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes and minority interest |
(0.47 | ) | 0.81 | (0.56 | ) | 0.39 | (0.29 | ) | ||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting changes |
| | | (0.03 | ) | (1.85 | ) | |||||||||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
2.18 | 2.21 | (0.07 | ) | 0.63 | (1.82 | ) | |||||||||||||
Cash dividends |
1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||||||||||
Common shareholders equity |
17.56 | 17.03 | 16.93 | 16.97 | 15.21 | |||||||||||||||
COMMON STOCK PRICES |
||||||||||||||||||||
High |
$ | 37.98 | $ | 42.59 | $ | 45.01 | $ | 43.32 | $ | 46.19 | ||||||||||
Low |
30.69 | 26.97 | 37.12 | 33.09 | 31.35 | |||||||||||||||
Year-end |
34.10 | 33.61 | 42.00 | 43.11 | 34.97 | |||||||||||||||
FINANCIAL RATIOS |
||||||||||||||||||||
Current ratio |
1.9 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.3 | |||||||||||||||
Total debt to capital ratio |
0.47 | 0.59 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.61 | |||||||||||||||
Return on equity |
14.6 | (b,c) | 13.2 | (d-f) | (0.4 | )(g-i) | 3.9 | (j-l) | (8.8 | )(m-o) | ||||||||||
Return on investment from continuing operations |
8.1 | (b,c) | 5.2 | (d-f) | 3.1 | (g-i) | 2.5 | (j-l) | 2.5 | (m-o) | ||||||||||
CAPITAL EXPENDITURES |
$ | 1,073 | $ | 1,095 | $ | 1,119 | $ | 935 | $ | 859 | ||||||||||
NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES |
60,600 | 68,700 | 79,400 | 82,800 | 91,000 |
11
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
FINANCIAL GLOSSARY
Current ratio
current assets divided by current liabilities.
Total debt to capital ratio
long-term debt plus notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt divided by long-term debt, notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt, minority interest and total common shareholders equity.
Return on equity
net earnings divided by average common shareholders equity (computed monthly).
Return on investment
the after-tax amount of earnings from continuing operations before interest and minority interest divided by the average of total assets minus accounts payable and accrued liabilities (computed monthly).
FOOTNOTES TO FIVE-YEAR FINANCIAL SUMMARY
(a) | All periods presented have been restated to reflect the Carter Holt Harvey Limited, Weldwood of Canada Limited, Kraft Papers, Brazilian Coated Papers, Beverage Packaging, and Wood Products businesses as discontinued operations. |
2006:
(b) | Includes restructuring and other charges of $300 million before taxes ($184 million after taxes), including a $157 million charge before taxes ($95 million after taxes) for organizational restructuring and other charges principally associated with the Companys Transformation Plan, a charge of $165 million before taxes ($102 million after taxes) for losses on early debt extinguishment, a $97 million charge before taxes ($60 million after taxes) for legal reserves, a $115 million gain before taxes ($70 million after taxes) for payments received relating to the Companys participation in the U.S. Coalition for Fair Lumber Imports, and a credit of $4 million before taxes ($3 million after taxes) for other items. Also included are a $4.8 billion gain before taxes ($2.9 billion after taxes) from sales of U.S. forestlands included in the Companys Transformation Plan; a charge of $759 million before and after taxes for the impairment of goodwill |
in the coated paperboard and Shorewood businesses; a $1.5 billion charge for net losses on sales and impairments of businesses including $1.4 billion before taxes ($1.3 billion after taxes) for the U.S. Coated and Supercalendered Papers business, $52 million before taxes ($37 million after taxes) for certain assets in Brazil, and $128 million before taxes ($84 million after taxes) for the Companys Saillat mill in France to reduce the carrying value of net assets to their estimated fair value; the recognition of a previously deferred $110 million gain before taxes ($68 million after taxes) related to a 2004 sale of forestlands in Maine; and a pre-tax charge of $21 million (zero after taxes) for other smaller items. |
(c) | Includes a gain of $100 million before taxes ($79 million after taxes) from the sale of the Brazilian Coated Papers business, and pre-tax charges of $116 million ($72 million after taxes) for the Kraft Papers business, $269 million ($234 million after taxes) for the Wood Products business and $121 million ($90 million after taxes) for the Beverage Packaging business to reduce the carrying value of these businesses to their estimated fair value. |
2005:
(d) | Includes restructuring and other charges of $340 million before taxes ($213 million after taxes), including a $256 million charge before taxes ($162 million after taxes) for organizational restructuring and other charges principally associated with the Companys Transformation Plan, a $57 million charge before taxes ($35 million after taxes) for early extinguishment of debt, and a $27 million charge before taxes ($16 million after taxes) for legal reserves. Also included are a $258 million pre-tax credit ($151 million after taxes) for net insurance recoveries related to the hardboard siding and roofing litigation, a $4 million credit before taxes ($3 million after taxes) for the net reversal of restructuring reserves no longer required, a pre-tax charge of $111 million ($73 million after taxes) for net losses on sales and impairments of businesses sold or held for sale, and interest income of $54 million before taxes ($33 million after taxes), including $43 million before taxes ($26 million after taxes) related to a settlement with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service concerning the 1997 through 2000 U.S. federal income tax audit, and $11 million before taxes ($7 million after taxes) |
12
related to the collection of a note receivable from the 2001 sale of a business. |
(e) | Includes a gain of $29 million before taxes ($361 million after taxes and minority interest) from the 2005 sale of Carter Holt Harvey Limited. |
(f) | Includes a $454 million reduction in the income tax provision, including a reduction of $627 million from a settlement reached with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service concerning the 1997 through 2000 U.S. federal income tax audit, a charge of $142 million for deferred taxes related to earnings repatriations under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, and $31 million of other tax charges. |
2004:
(g) | Includes restructuring and other charges of $164 million before taxes ($102 million after taxes), including a $62 million charge before taxes ($39 million after taxes) for organizational restructuring programs, a $92 million charge before taxes ($57 million after taxes) for early debt extinguishment costs, and a $10 million charge before taxes ($6 million after taxes) for legal settlements. Also included are pre-tax credits of $123 million ($76 million after taxes) for net insurance recoveries related to the hardboard siding and roofing litigation, a $35 million credit before taxes ($21 million after taxes) for the net reversal of restructuring reserves no longer required, and a pre-tax charge of $139 million ($125 million after taxes) for net losses on sales and impairments of businesses sold or held for sale. |
(h) | Includes a gain of $268 million before taxes and minority interest ($90 million after taxes and minority interest) from the 2004 sale of the Carter Holt Harvey Tissue business, and a pre-tax charge of $323 million ($711 million after taxes) from the 2004 sale of Weldwood of Canada Limited. |
(i) | Includes a $32 million net increase in the income tax provision reflecting an adjustment of deferred tax balances. |
2003:
(j) | Includes restructuring and other charges of $252 million before taxes ($158 million after |
taxes), including a $190 million charge before taxes ($118 million after taxes) for asset shutdowns of excess internal capacity and cost reduction actions, a $63 million charge before taxes ($39 million after taxes) for legal reserves, and a $1 million credit before taxes ($1 million charge after taxes) for early debt retirement costs. Also included are a pre-tax charge of $34 million ($33 million after taxes) for net losses on sales and impairments of businesses held for sale, and a credit of $26 million before taxes ($16 million after taxes) for the net reversal of restructuring reserves no longer required. |
(k) | Includes a charge of $10 million after taxes for the cumulative effect of an accounting change for the adoption of SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations, and a charge of $3 million after taxes for the cumulative effect of an accounting change related to the adoption of FIN 46, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51. |
(l) | Includes a $110 million reduction of the income tax provision recorded for significant tax events occurring in 2003. |
2002:
(m) | Includes restructuring and other charges of $654 million before taxes ($417 million after taxes), including a $163 million charge before taxes ($113 million after taxes) for asset shutdowns of excess internal capacity and cost reduction actions, a $450 million pre-tax charge ($278 million after taxes) for additional exterior siding legal reserves, and a charge of $41 million before taxes ($26 million after taxes) for early debt retirement costs. Also included are a charge of $25 million before taxes (a credit of $60 million after taxes) to adjust accrued costs of businesses sold or held for sale, and a pre-tax credit of $68 million ($43 million after taxes) for the reversal of 2001 and 2000 reserves no longer required. |
(n) | Includes an $893 million charge for the cumulative effect of an accounting change for the adoption of SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. |
(o) | Reflects a decrease of $46 million in the income tax provision for a reduction of deferred state income tax liabilities. |
13
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
International Papers operating results in 2006 benefited from strong gains in pricing and sales volumes and lower operating costs. Our average paper and packaging prices in 2006 increased faster than our costs for the first time in four years. The improvement in sales volumes reflects increased uncoated papers, corrugated box, coated paperboard and European papers shipments, as well as improved revenues from our xpedx distribution business. Our manufacturing operations also made solid cost reduction improvements. Lower interest expense, reflecting debt repayments in 2005 and 2006, was also a positive factor. Together, these improvements more than offset the effects of continued high raw material and distribution costs, lower real estate sales, higher net corporate expenses and lower contributions from businesses and forestlands divested during 2006.
Looking forward to 2007, we expect seasonally higher sales volumes in the first quarter. Average paper price realizations should continue to improve as we implement previously announced price increases in Europe and Brazil. Input costs for energy, fiber and chemicals are expected to be mixed, although slightly higher in the first quarter. Operating results will benefit from the recently completed International Paper/Sun Paperboard joint ventures in China and the addition of the Luiz Antonio paper mill to our operations in Brazil. However, primarily as a result of lower real estate sales in the first quarter, we anticipate earnings from continuing operations will be somewhat lower than in the 2006 fourth quarter.
Significant steps were also taken in 2006 in the execution of the Companys Transformation Plan. We completed the sales of our U.S. and Brazilian Coated Papers businesses and 5.6 million acres of U.S. forestlands, and announced definitive sale agreements for our Kraft Papers, Beverage Packaging and Arizona Chemical businesses and a majority of our Wood Products business, all expected to close during 2007. Through December 31, 2006, we have received approximately $9.7 billion of the estimated proceeds from divestitures announced under this plan of approximately $11.3 billion, with the balance to be received as the remaining divestitures are completed in the first half of 2007. We have strengthened our balance sheet by
reducing debt by $6.2 billion, and returned value to our shareholders by repurchasing 39.7 million shares of our common stock for approximately $1.4 billion. We made a $1.0 billion voluntary contribution to our U.S. qualified pension fund. We have identified selective reinvestment opportunities totaling approximately $2.0 billion, including opportunities in China, Brazil and Russia. Finally, we remain focused on our three-year $1.2 billion target for non-price profitability improvements, with $330 million realized during 2006. While more remains to be done in 2007, we have made substantial progress toward achieving the objectives announced at the outset of the Plan in July 2005.
Results of Operations
Industry segment operating profits are used by International Papers management to measure the earnings performance of its businesses. Management believes that this measure allows a better understanding of trends in costs, operating efficiencies, prices and volumes. Industry segment operating profits are defined as earnings before taxes and minority interest, interest expense, corporate items and corporate special items. Industry segment operating profits are defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission as a non-GAAP financial measure, and are not GAAP alternatives to net income or any other operating measure prescribed by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
International Paper operates in six segments: Printing Papers, Industrial Packaging, Consumer Packaging, Distribution, Forest Products and Specialty Businesses and Other.
The following table shows the components of net earnings (loss) for each of the last three years:
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||
Industry segment operating profits |
$ | 2,074 | $ | 1,622 | $ | 1,703 | ||||||
Corporate items, net |
(746 | ) | (607 | ) | (477 | ) | ||||||
Corporate special items* |
2,373 | (134 | ) | (141 | ) | |||||||
Interest expense, net |
(521 | ) | (595 | ) | (712 | ) | ||||||
Minority interest |
(9 | ) | (9 | ) | (21 | ) | ||||||
Income tax (provision) benefit |
(1,889 | ) | 407 | (114 | ) | |||||||
Discontinued operations |
(232 | ) | 416 | (273 | ) | |||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
$ | 1,050 | $ | 1,100 | $ | (35 | ) |
* | Corporate special items include gains on Transformation Plan forestland sales, goodwill impairment charges, restructuring and other charges, net losses on sales and impairments of businesses, insurance recoveries and reversals of reserves no longer required. |
14
Industry segment operating profits of $2.1 billion were $452 million higher in 2006 than in 2005 due principally to the benefits from higher average prices ($476 million), higher sales volumes ($143 million), and cost reduction initiatives, improved operating performance and a more favorable product mix ($187 million), which more than offset the impacts of higher energy and raw material costs ($101 million), lower earnings from land sales ($27 million), higher distribution costs ($113 million), reduced earnings due to the sale of the Coated and Supercalendered Papers business and loss of harvest income from our divested forestlands ($53 million), and other items ($60 million).
Segment Operating Profits
(in millions)
The principal changes in operating profits by segment were as follows:
| Printing Papers profits of $677 million were $204 million higher as the benefits of higher average sales price realizations, improved manufacturing operations, reduced lack-of-order downtime and higher sales volumes more than offset the impacts of higher raw material and energy costs, higher freight costs and a $128 million impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of the fixed assets at the Saillat, France mill. |
| Industrial Packagings profits of $399 million were up $180 million as the impacts of improved sales price realizations, increased sales volumes, a more favorable mix, reduced market-related downtime and strong mill performance were partially offset by the effects of higher raw material, freight and converting operating costs. |
| Consumer Packagings profits of $131 million were $10 million higher due to higher sales volumes, improved average sales price realizations, reduced lack-of-order downtime and favorable mill operations, which were partially |
offset by higher raw material and freight costs, unfavorable product mix and lower profits in our Shorewood packaging business. |
| Forest Products profits of $678 million were $43 million lower. Decreased harvest and recreational income and lower earnings from the Real Estate division, which principally sells higher-and-better-use properties, were only partially offset by higher earnings from forestland sales and lower operating costs. |
| Distributions profits of $128 million were $44 million higher due to the impact of higher sales volumes, improved average sales prices and lower operating expenses. |
| Specialty Businesses and Others profits of $61 million were $57 million higher reflecting higher average sales prices and lower costs for Arizona Chemical. |
Corporate items, net, of $746 million of expense in 2006 were higher than the $607 million of expense in 2005 and $477 million of expense in 2004 due to higher pension expenses, benefits-related expenses and supply chain initiative costs, partially offset by lower inventory-related costs.
Corporate special items, including gains on sales of forestlands, restructuring and other charges, losses on sales and impairments of businesses, impairments of goodwill, insurance recoveries and reversals of reserves no longer required, increased to a gain of $2.4 billion from an expense of $134 million in 2005 and an expense of $141 million in 2004. The increase in 2006 principally reflects $4.8 billion of gains on the sales of forestlands included in our Transformation Plan, partially offset by $1.4 billion of net charges related to the divestiture of certain operations, principally the U.S. Coated and Supercalendered Papers business, and $759 million of goodwill impairment charges.
Interest expense, net, of $521 million in 2006 decreased from $595 million in 2005 and $712 million in 2004 reflecting lower average debt balances from repayments made under the Companys Transformation Plan and lower interest rates from debt refinancings and repayments. Additionally, the 2006 total includes a pre-tax credit of $6 million for interest received from the Canadian government on refunds of prior-year softwood lumber duties. Interest expense, net, in 2005 includes a pre-tax credit of $43 million related to an agreement reached with the Internal Revenue Service concerning the Companys 1997 through 2000 federal income tax audits, and a pre-tax credit of $11 million related to the collection of a note receivable from the 2001 sale of the Flexible Packaging business.
15
The 2006 income tax provision of $1.9 billion consists of $1.6 billion of deferred taxes (principally reflecting deferred taxes on the 2006 Transformation Plan forestland sales) and a $0.3 billion current tax provision. The tax provision also includes an $11 million charge related to 2006 special tax adjustment items. The $407 million benefit in 2005 included a $454 million tax benefit related to 2005 special tax adjustment items. The tax provision of $114 million in 2004 included $32 million of expense related to special items. See Income Taxes on page 19 for a further discussion of these items.
Discontinued Operations
In the first quarter of 2006, management determined that the future sale of the Kraft Papers business was in the best interest of the Companys shareholders. A definitive agreement to sell this business was signed during the second quarter. In the third quarter, International Paper completed the sale of its Brazilian Coated Papers business. During the fourth quarter, International Paper determined that the sales of its Beverage Packaging and Wood Products businesses were in the best interests of the shareholders. A definitive agreement to sell its Beverage Packaging business was announced during the quarter, and the Company announced two separate definitive agreements to sell 13 lumber mills and five wood products plants.
During the 2005 third quarter, International Paper completed the sale of the Carter Holt Harvey Limited business. During 2004, International Paper completed the sale of its Weldwood of Canada Limited business in the fourth quarter.
As a result of these actions, the operating results of these businesses and the associated gains/losses on the sales are reported in discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
For the year ended December 31, 2006, International Paper generated $1.0 billion of cash flow from continuing operations, compared with $1.2 billion in 2005. The 2006 amount is net of a $1.0 billion voluntary pension plan cash contribution. Capital spending from continuing operations for the year totaled $1.0 billion, or 87% of depreciation and amortization expense. We repaid approximately $5.2 billion of debt during the year, including various higher coupon-rate debt, that will result in lower interest charges in future years. Our liquidity position remains strong, supported by
approximately $3.0 billion of unused, committed credit facilities that we believe are adequate to meet future short-term liquidity requirements. Maintaining an investment grade credit rating for our long-term debt continues to be an important element in our overall financial strategy.
Our focus in 2007 will be to continue to maximize our financial flexibility and preserve liquidity.
Capital spending for 2007 is targeted at $1.2 billion, or about equal to estimated depreciation and amortization.
Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Accounting Estimates
Accounting policies that may have a significant effect on our reported results of operations and financial position, and that can require judgments by management in their application, include accounting for contingent liabilities, impairments of long-lived assets and goodwill, pensions and postretirement benefit obligations and income taxes.
In recent years, the assumption estimates used for pensions have resulted in increases in reported pension charges. Pension expenses for our U.S. plans increased to $377 million in 2006 from $243 million in 2005 due principally to a change in the mortality assumption and the use of a lower assumed discount rate. A decrease of approximately $182 million is expected in 2007, reflecting earnings on the $1.0 billion voluntary cash contribution made by the Company in 2006 and an increase in the assumed discount rate. Our pension funding policy continues to be, at a minimum, to fully fund actuarially determined costs, generally equal to the minimum amounts required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). Unless changes are made to our funding policy, it is unlikely that any contributions to our U.S. qualified plan will be required in 2007.
Legal
An analysis of significant litigation activity is included in Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
While the operating results for International Papers various business segments are driven by a number of business-specific factors, changes in International Papers operating results are closely tied to changes in general economic conditions in the United States,
16
Europe, South America and Asia. Factors that impact the demand for our products include industrial non-durable goods production, consumer spending, commercial printing and advertising activity, white-collar employment levels and movements in currency exchange rates.
Product prices tend to follow general economic trends, and are also affected by inventory levels, currency movements and changes in worldwide operating rates. In addition to these revenue-related factors, net earnings are impacted by various cost drivers, the more significant of which include changes in raw material costs, principally wood fiber and chemical costs; energy costs; salary and benefits costs, including pensions; and manufacturing conversion costs.
The following is a discussion of International Papers results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006, and the major factors affecting these results compared to 2005 and 2004.
For the year ended December 31, 2006, International Paper reported net sales of $22.0 billion, compared with $21.7 billion in 2005 and $20.7 billion in 2004. International net sales (including U.S. exports) totaled $5.6 billion, or 25% of total sales in 2006. This compares to international net sales of $5.3 billion in 2005 and 2004.
Full year 2006 net income totaled $1.1 billion ($2.18 per share), compared with net income of $1.1 billion ($2.21 per share) in 2005 and a net loss of $35 million ($0.07 per share) in 2004. Amounts include the results of discontinued operations.
Earnings from continuing operations after taxes in 2006 were $1.3 billion, compared with $684 million in 2005 and $238 million in 2004. However, included in earnings from continuing operations in 2006 was an incremental benefit of $292 million compared with 2005 from the special items discussed on pages 20 through 22. Excluding this benefit, earnings in 2006 were $306 million higher than in 2005. This increase was driven by higher average prices, improved sales volumes, favorable operating performance, benefits from cost reduction initiatives and improved mix, lower net interest expense and the incremental benefit from special items. These favorable items more than offset the impact of higher average raw material costs, lower earnings from land sales, higher Corporate expenses (including pensions), higher distribution costs, reduced earnings due to the sale of the Coated and Supercalendered Papers business, the loss of harvest income from our divested forestlands and higher tax expense.
See Industry Segment Results on pages 24 through 29 for a discussion of the impact of these factors by segment.
Earnings From Continuing Operations
(after tax, in millions)
17
The following table presents a reconciliation of International Papers net earnings (loss) to its total industry segment operating profit:
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||
Net Earnings (Loss) |
$ | 1,050 | $ | 1,100 | $ | (35 | ) | |||||
Deduct - Discontinued operations: |
||||||||||||
Earnings from operations |
(85 | ) | (55 | ) | (348 | ) | ||||||
Loss (gain) on sales and impairments |
317 | (361 | ) | 621 | ||||||||
Earnings From Continuing Operations |
1,282 | 684 | 238 | |||||||||
Add back (deduct): |
||||||||||||
Income tax provision (benefit) |
1,889 | (407 | ) | 114 | ||||||||
Minority interest expense, net of taxes |
17 | 9 | 24 | |||||||||
Earnings From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes and Minority Interest |
3,188 | 286 | 376 | |||||||||
Interest expense, net |
521 | 595 | 712 | |||||||||
Minority interest included in operations |
(8 | ) | | (3 | ) | |||||||
Corporate items |
746 | 607 | 477 | |||||||||
Special items: |
||||||||||||
Restructuring and other charges |
300 | 285 | 164 | |||||||||
Insurance recoveries |
(19 | ) | (258 | ) | (123 | ) | ||||||
Gain on sale of forestlands |
(4,788 | ) | | | ||||||||
Impairments of goodwill |
759 | | | |||||||||
Net losses on sales and impairments of businesses |
1,381 | 111 | 135 | |||||||||
Reserve adjustments |
(6 | ) | (4 | ) | (35 | ) | ||||||
$ | 2,074 | $ | 1,622 | $ | 1,703 | |||||||
Industry Segment Operating Profit |
||||||||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 677 | $ | 473 | $ | 508 | ||||||
Industrial Packaging |
399 | 219 | 373 | |||||||||
Consumer Packaging |
131 | 121 | 155 | |||||||||
Distribution |
128 | 84 | 87 | |||||||||
Forest Products |
678 | 721 | 542 | |||||||||
Specialty Businesses and Other |
61 | 4 | 38 | |||||||||
Total Industry Segment Operating Profit |
$ | 2,074 | $ | 1,622 | $ | 1,703 |
Discontinued Operations
2006: In 2006, after-tax charges totaling $317 million were recorded for net losses on sales or impairments of businesses reported as Discontinued operations.
During the fourth quarter of 2006, the Company entered into an agreement to sell its Beverage Packaging business to Carter Holt Harvey Limited for approximately $500 million, subject to certain adjustments. The sale of the North American Beverage Packaging operations subsequently closed on January 31, 2007, with the sale of the remaining non-U.S. operations expected to close later in the 2007 first quarter. Also during the fourth quarter, the
Company entered into separate agreements for the sale of 13 lumber mills for approximately $325 million, expected to close in the first quarter of 2007, and five wood products plants for approximately $237 million, expected to close in the first half of 2007, both subject to various adjustments at closing. Based on the commitments to sell these businesses, management determined that the accounting requirements for treatment as discontinued operations were met. As a result, net pre-tax charges of $18 million ($11 million after taxes) for the Beverage Packaging business and $104 million ($69 million after taxes) for the Wood Products business (including $58 million for pension and postretirement benefit termination benefits) were recorded in the fourth quarter as discontinued operations charges to adjust the carrying value of these businesses to their estimated fair values less costs to sell.
During the third quarter of 2006, management had determined that there was a current expectation that, more likely than not, the Beverage Packaging and Wood Products businesses would be sold. Based on the resulting impairment testing, pre-tax impairment charges of $115 million ($82 million after taxes) and $165 million ($165 million after taxes) were recorded to reduce the carrying values of the net assets of the Beverage Packaging and Wood Products businesses, respectively, to their estimated fair values. Also during the 2006 third quarter, International Paper completed the sale of its interests in a Beverage Packaging operation in Japan for a pre-tax gain of $12 million ($3 million after taxes), and the sale of its Brazilian Coated Papers business for approximately $420 million, subject to certain post-closing adjustments. As the Company had determined that the accounting requirements for reporting the Brazilian Coated Papers business as a discontinued operation were met, the resulting $100 million pre-tax gain ($79 million after taxes) was recorded as a gain on sale of a discontinued operation.
During the first quarter of 2006, the Company determined that the accounting requirements for reporting the Kraft Papers business as a discontinued operation were met. Accordingly, a $100 million pre-tax charge ($61 million after taxes) was recorded to reduce the carrying value of the net assets of this business to their estimated fair value. During the 2006 second quarter, the Company signed a definitive agreement to sell this business for approximately $155 million in cash, subject to certain closing and post-closing adjustments, and two additional payments totaling up to $60 million payable five years from the date of closing, contingent upon
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business performance. A $16 million pre-tax charge ($11 million after taxes) was recorded during the second quarter to further reduce the carrying value of the assets of the Kraft Papers business based on the terms of this definitive agreement. The sale of this business was subsequently completed on January 2, 2007.
Additionally during the fourth quarter, a $38 million pre-tax credit ($23 million after taxes) was included in earnings from discontinued operations for refunds received from the Canadian government of duties paid by the Companys former Weldwood of Canada Limited business.
2005: During the 2005 third quarter, the sale of the Companys majority share of Carter Holt Harvey Limited (CHH) was completed resulting in a $361 million after-tax gain. This amount is included in gain on sale of discontinued operations.
2004: In the fourth quarter of 2004, International Paper sold its Weldwood of Canada Limited (Weldwood) business for approximately $1.1 billion. As a result of the sale, a $323 million pre-tax loss on the sale ($711 million after taxes) was recorded as a loss on sale of discontinued operations. In the 2004 second quarter, a $90 million discontinued operations gain after taxes and minority interest was recorded from the sale of the Carter Holt Harvey Tissue business.
Prior-period results for all periods presented have been restated to present the operating results of these businesses as earnings from discontinued operations.
Income Taxes
The Company recorded an income tax provision for 2006 of $1.9 billion, consisting of a $1.6 billion deferred tax provision (principally reflecting deferred taxes on the 2006 Transformation Plan forestland sales) and a $300 million current tax provision. The tax provision also included an $11 million provision for special item tax adjustments. Excluding the impact of special items, the tax provision was $272 million, or 29% of pre-tax earnings before minority interest.
An income tax benefit of $407 million was recorded in 2005 including a $454 million benefit related to special tax adjustment items, consisting of a tax benefit of $627 million resulting from an agreement reached with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service concerning the 1997 through 2000 U.S. federal income tax audit, a $142 million charge for deferred
taxes related to earnings repatriations under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 and $31 million of other tax charges. Excluding the impact of special items, the tax benefit was $83 million, or 20% of pre-tax earnings before minority interest.
The income tax provision for 2004 was $114 million, or 30% of pre-tax earnings from continuing operations before minority interest. This included a $32 million tax provision related to an adjustment of deferred tax balances. Excluding the impact of special items, the tax provision was $98 million, or 19% of pre-tax earnings before minority interest.
The higher income tax rate of 29% in 2006 reflects a higher proportion of earnings in higher tax rate jurisdictions.
Corporate Items and Interest Expense
Minority interest expense, net of taxes, was $17 million in 2006, compared with $9 million in 2005 and $24 million in 2004. The increase in 2006 reflects the Companys acquisition of the Moroccan box plants in the fourth quarter of 2005, and the formation of the International Paper & Sun Cartonboard Co., Ltd. joint ventures in the fourth quarter of 2006. The decrease in minority interest from 2004 reflects a reduction related to preferred securities that were replaced by debt obligations in 2004.
Interest expense, net, of $521 million includes a pre-tax credit of $6 million for interest received from the Canadian government on refunds of prior-year softwood lumber duties. Interest expense, net, for 2005 of $595 million includes a pre-tax credit of $43 million for interest related to the agreement reached with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service concerning the Companys 1997 through 2000 U.S. federal income tax audits, and a pre-tax credit of $11 million related to the collection of a note receivable from the 2001 sale of the Flexible Packaging business. Excluding special items, interest expense, net, of $527 million in 2006 decreased from $649 million in 2005 and $712 million in 2004 reflecting lower average debt balances and lower interest rates due to debt refinancings and repayments.
For the twelve months ended December 31, 2006, corporate items totaled $746 million of expense, compared with $607 million in 2005 and $477 million in 2004. The increased expenses in 2006 compared with both 2005 and 2004 are due to higher pension expenses, benefits-related expenses and supply chain initiative costs, partially offset by lower inventory-related costs.
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Special Items
Restructuring and Other Charges
International Paper continually evaluates its operations for improvement opportunities targeted to (a) focus our portfolio on our core businesses, (b) rationalize and realign capacity to operate fewer facilities with the same revenue capability and close high cost facilities, and (c) reduce costs. Annually, strategic operating plans are developed by each of our businesses to demonstrate that they will achieve a return at least equal to their cost of capital over an economic cycle. If it subsequently becomes apparent that a facilitys plan will not be achieved, a decision is then made to (a) invest additional capital to upgrade the facility, (b) shut down the facility and record the corresponding charge, or (c) evaluate the expected recovery of the carrying value of the facility to determine if an impairment of the asset value of the facility has occurred under SFAS No. 144. In recent years, this policy has led to the shutdown of a number of facilities and the recording of significant asset impairment charges and severance costs. It is possible that additional charges and costs will be incurred in future periods in our core businesses should such triggering events occur.
2006: During 2006, total restructuring and other charges of $300 million before taxes ($184 million after taxes) were recorded. These charges included:
| a $157 million charge before taxes ($95 million after taxes) for organizational restructuring programs, principally associated with the Companys Transformation Plan, |
| a $165 million charge before taxes ($102 million after taxes) for early debt extinguishment costs, |
| a $97 million charge before taxes ($60 million after taxes) for litigation settlements and adjustments to legal reserves, |
| a pre-tax credit of $115 million ($70 million after taxes) for payments received relating to the Companys participation in the U.S. Coalition for Fair Lumber Imports, and |
| a $4 million credit before taxes ($3 million after taxes) for other items. |
Earnings also included a $19 million pre-tax credit ($12 million after taxes) for net insurance recoveries related to the hardboard siding and roofing litigation, a $6 million pre-tax credit ($3 million after taxes) for
the reversal of reserves no longer required, and a $6 million pre-tax credit ($4 million after taxes) for interest received from the Canadian government on refunds of prior-year softwood lumber duties.
2005: During 2005, Corporate restructuring and other charges of $285 million before taxes ($175 million after taxes) were recorded. These charges included:
| a pre-tax charge of $201 million ($124 million after taxes) for organizational restructuring programs, principally costs associated with the Companys Transformation Plan, |
| a pre-tax charge of $57 million ($35 million after taxes) for losses on early extinguishment of debt, and |
| a $27 million pre-tax charge ($16 million after taxes) for legal reserves. |
Additionally, pre-tax restructuring charges totaling $55 million ($38 million after taxes) were recorded in business segment operating results.
Also recorded were pre-tax credits of $258 million ($151 million after taxes) for net insurance recoveries related to the hardboard siding and roofing litigation and a $4 million pre-tax credit ($3 million after taxes) for the net adjustment of previously provided reserves.
2004: During 2004, restructuring and other charges of $164 million before taxes ($102 million after taxes) were recorded. These charges included:
| a $62 million charge before taxes ($39 million after taxes) for a corporate-wide organizational restructuring program, |
| a $92 million charge before taxes ($57 million after taxes) for losses on early extinguishment of debt, and |
| a $10 million charge before taxes ($6 million after taxes) for legal settlements. |
In addition, credits of $123 million before taxes ($76 million after taxes) for insurance recoveries related to the hardboard siding and roofing litigation and $35 million before taxes ($21 million after taxes) for the net reversal of restructuring reserves no longer needed were recorded.
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A further discussion of restructuring, business improvement and other charges can be found in Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Gain on Sale of Forestlands
During 2006, in connection with the previously announced Transformation Plan, the Company completed sales totaling approximately 5.6 million acres of forestlands for proceeds of approximately $6.6 billion, including $1.8 billion in cash and $4.8 billion of installment notes supported by irrevocable letters of credit. The first of these transactions in the second quarter included approximately 76,000 acres sold for cash proceeds of $97 million, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $62 million. During the third quarter, 476,000 acres of forestlands were sold for $401 million, including $265 million in cash and $136 million of installment notes, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $304 million. Finally, in the fourth quarter, the Company completed sales of 5.1 million acres of forestlands for $6.1 billion, including $1.4 billion in cash and $4.7 billion of installment notes, resulting in pre-tax gains totaling $4.4 billion. These transactions represent a permanent reduction in the Companys forestland asset base and are not a part of the normal, ongoing operations of the Forest Resources business. Thus, the net gains resulting from these sales totaling approximately $4.8 billion are separately presented in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations under the caption Gain on sale of forestlands.
Impairments of Goodwill
During the fourth quarter of 2006, in connection with annual goodwill impairment testing, charges of $630 million and $129 million were recorded to write down the carrying values of goodwill of the Companys coated paperboard and Shorewood packaging businesses, respectively, based on the estimated fair values of these businesses determined using projected future operating cash flows.
Net Losses on Sales and Impairments of Businesses
Net losses on sales and impairments of businesses included in Corporate special items totaled $1.4 billion in 2006, $111 million in 2005 and $135 million in 2004. The principal components of these gains/losses were:
2006: During the fourth quarter of 2006, a charge of $21 million before and after taxes was recorded for losses on sales and impairments of businesses. This charge included a pre-tax loss of $18 million ($6 million after taxes) relating to the sale of certain box plants in the United Kingdom and Ireland, and $3 million of pre-tax charges (a $6 million credit after taxes) for other small asset sales.
During the third quarter of 2006, a net pre-tax gain of $61 million ($38 million after taxes) was recorded for gains (losses) on sales and impairments of businesses. This net gain included the recognition of a previously deferred $110 million pre-tax gain ($68 million after taxes) related to a 2004 sale of forestlands in Maine, a pre-tax charge of $38 million ($23 million after taxes) to reflect the completion of the sale of the Companys Coated and Supercalendered Papers business in the 2006 third quarter, and a net pre-tax loss of $11 million ($7 million after taxes) related to other smaller sales.
During the second quarter of 2006, a pre-tax charge of $138 million ($90 million after taxes) was recorded, including a pre-tax charge of $85 million ($52 million after taxes) recorded to adjust the carrying value of the assets of the Companys Coated and Supercalendered Papers business to their estimated fair value based on the terms of a definitive sales agreement signed in the second quarter, a pre-tax charge of $52 million ($37 million after taxes) recorded to reduce the carrying value of the assets of the Companys Amapa wood products operations in Brazil to their estimated fair value based on estimated sales proceeds since a sale of these assets, which was completed in the third quarter, was considered more likely than not at June 30, 2006, and a net charge of $1 million before and after taxes related to other smaller items.
During the first quarter of 2006, a charge of $1.3 billion before and after taxes was recorded to write down the assets of the Companys Coated and Supercalendered Papers business to their estimated fair value, as management had committed to a plan to sell this business. In addition, other pre-tax charges totaling $3 million ($2 million after taxes) were recorded to adjust estimated losses of certain smaller operations that are held for sale.
At the end of the 2006 first quarter, the Company had reported its Coated and Supercalendered Papers business as a discontinued operation based on a plan to sell the business. In the second quarter of 2006, the Company signed a definitive agreement to sell this business for approximately $1.4 billion,
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subject to certain post-closing adjustments, and agreed to acquire a 10 percent limited partnership interest in CMP Investments L.P., the company that will own this business. Since this limited partnership interest represents significant continuing involvement in the operations of this business under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, the operating results for Coated and Supercalendered Papers were required to be included in continuing operations in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Accordingly, the operating results for this business, including the charge in the first quarter of $1.3 billion to write down the assets of the business to their estimated fair value, are now included in continuing operations for all periods presented.
Additionally during the fourth quarter, a $128 million pre-tax impairment charge ($84 million after taxes) was recorded to reduce the carrying value of the fixed assets of the Companys Saillat mill in France (included in the Printing Papers segment) to their estimated fair value, and in the third quarter, a pre-tax gain of $13 million ($6 million after taxes) was recorded related to a sale of property in Spain (included in the Industrial Packaging segment).
2005: In the fourth quarter of 2005, a pre-tax charge of $46 million ($30 million after taxes) was recorded for adjustments of losses of businesses held for sale, principally $45 million to write down the carrying value of the Companys Polyrey business in France to its estimated net realizable value.
In the second quarter of 2005, a net pre-tax credit of $19 million ($12 million after taxes) was recorded, including a $25 million credit before taxes ($15 million after taxes) from the collection of a note receivable from the 2001 sale of the Flexible Packaging business and final charges related to the sales of Fine Papers and Industrial Papers. In addition, interest income of $11 million before taxes ($7 million after taxes) was collected on the Flexible Packaging business note, which is included in Interest expense, net.
During the first quarter of 2005, International Paper had announced an agreement to sell its Fine Papers business to Mohawk Paper Mills, Inc. of Cohoes, New York. A $24 million pre-tax loss ($13 million after taxes) was recorded in the first quarter to write down the net assets of the Fine Papers business to their estimated net realizable value. The sale of Fine Papers was completed in the second quarter of 2005.
Also during the first quarter of 2005, International Paper announced that it had signed an agreement to
sell its Industrial Papers business to an affiliate of Kohlberg and Company, LLC. A $49 million pre-tax loss ($35 million after taxes) was recorded in the first quarter to write down the net assets of the Industrial Papers business and related corporate assets to their estimated net realizable value. The sale of Industrial Papers was completed in the second quarter of 2005.
Also in 2005, pre-tax charges totaling $11 million ($7 million after taxes) were recorded to adjust previously estimated gains/losses of businesses previously sold.
2004: In December 2004, International Paper committed to plans for the sale in 2005 of its Fine Papers business and its Maresquel mill and Papeteries de France distribution business in Europe. As a result, charges of $11 million before taxes ($8 million after taxes), $34 million before and after taxes, and $11 million before taxes ($12 million after taxes), respectively, were recorded to write down the assets of these entities to their estimated fair values less costs to sell. In October 2004, International Paper sold two box plants located in China to International Paper Pacific Millennium, resulting in a pre-tax loss of $14 million ($4 million after taxes).
In the third quarter of 2004, International Paper signed an agreement to sell Scaldia Papier B.V., and its subsidiary, Recom B.V. in the Netherlands, to Stora Enso for approximately $36 million in cash. This sale was completed in the third quarter and resulted in a loss of $34 million (no impact from taxes or minority interest). In addition, a $4 million loss (no impact from taxes or minority interest) was recorded to adjust the estimated loss on sale of Papeteries de Souche L.C. in France. This sale was completed in the second quarter of 2005 for approximately $14 million in proceeds.
In the second quarter of 2004, a $27 million loss before and after taxes was recorded to write down the assets of Papeteries de Souche L.C. in France to their estimated realizable value.
In addition, a $4 million loss before taxes ($2 million after taxes) was recorded to write down the assets of Food Pack S.A. in Chile to their estimated realizable value (included in the Consumer Packaging segment).
Industry Segment Operating Profits
Industry segment operating profits of $2.1 billion in 2006 improved from both the $1.6 billion in 2005 and the $1.7 billion in 2004. The benefits of significantly
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higher sales price realizations ($476 million), increased sales volumes including the impact of reduced lack-of-order downtime in our U.S. containerboard, coated paperboard and uncoated papers businesses ($143 million), the favorable impacts of cost reduction initiatives, improved operating performance and a more favorable product mix ($187 million) and other items ($15 million) were partially offset by higher energy, wood and other raw material costs ($101 million), higher freight costs ($113 million), lower earnings from forestland and real estate sales ($27 million) and an impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of the fixed assets at the Saillat, France mill ($128 million).
Lack-of-order downtime in 2006 totaled approximately 155,000 tons, compared with 830,000 tons in 2005 and 70,000 tons in 2004, as the Company adjusted production in line with customer demand. The 2005 total included approximately 290,000 tons related to uncoated paper machines at our mills in Pensacola, Florida; Jay, Maine; and Bastrop, Louisiana; that were permanently closed in the fourth quarter of 2005.
Looking forward to the first quarter of 2007, we expect operating profits to be lower than in the 2006 fourth quarter, principally due to lower earnings from real estate sales. Sales volumes should be seasonally better in the quarter, and average price realizations are expected to improve as previously announced paper price increases in Europe and Brazil, and for containerboard in the U.S., are implemented. Input costs for energy, wood and chemicals will be mixed, but should average slightly higher in the first quarter. The first quarter will benefit from contributions from our recent International Paper/Sun coated paperboard joint ventures in China, and earnings from the Luiz Antonio operations in Brazil acquired during the quarter.
DESCRIPTION OF INDUSTRY SEGMENTS
International Papers industry segments discussed below are consistent with the internal structure used to manage these businesses. All segments are differentiated on a common product, common customer basis consistent with the business segmentation generally used in the Forest Products industry.
Printing Papers
International Paper is one of the worlds leading producers of printing and writing papers. Products in this segment include uncoated and coated papers, market pulp and uncoated bristols.
UNCOATED PAPERS: This business produces papers for use in desktop and laser copiers and digital imaging printing as well as in advertising and promotional materials such as brochures, pamphlets, greeting cards, books, annual reports and direct mail publications. Uncoated papers also produces a variety of grades that are converted by our customers into envelopes, tablets, business forms and file folders. Uncoated papers are sold under private label and International Paper brand names that include Hammermill, Springhill, Williamsburg, Postmark, Accent, Great White, Ballet and Rey. The mills producing uncoated papers are located in the United States, Scotland, France, Poland and Russia. These mills have uncoated paper production capacity of approximately 5.4 million tons annually.
COATED PAPERS: This business produces coated papers used in a variety of printing and publication end uses such as catalogs, direct mailings, magazines, inserts and commercial printing. Products include coated free sheet, coated groundwood and supercalendered groundwood papers. This business was sold in the third quarter of 2006.
MARKET PULP: Market pulp is used in the manufacture of printing, writing and specialty papers, towel and tissue products and filtration products. Pulp is also converted into products such as diapers and sanitary napkins. Pulp products include fluff and southern softwood pulp, as well as northern, southern and birch hardwood paper pulps. These products are produced in the United States, France, Poland and Russia, and are sold around the world. International Paper facilities have annual dried pulp capacity of about 1.2 million tons.
BRAZILIAN PAPER: Brazilian operations function through International Paper do Brasil, Ltda, which owns or manages approximately 370,000 acres of forestlands in Brazil. Our annual production capacity in Brazil is approximately 435,000 tons of uncoated papers.
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Industrial Packaging
INDUSTRIAL PACKAGING: With a world-wide production capacity of about 4.9 million tons annually, International Paper is the third largest manufacturer of containerboard in the United States. Over one-third of our production consists of specialty grades, such as BriteTop. About 70% of our production is converted domestically into corrugated boxes and other packaging by our 65 U.S. container plants. In Europe, our operations include one recycled containerboard mill in France and 22 container plants in France, Italy, Spain, Turkey and Morocco. In Asia, our operations include eight container plants in China and one container plant in Thailand. Our container plants are supported by regional design centers, which offer total packaging solutions and supply chain initiatives. Unbleached Kraft Papers, with an annual capacity of 405,000 tons, was sold on January 2, 2007.
Consumer Packaging
CONSUMER PACKAGING: Our coated paperboard business produces high quality coated paperboard for a variety of packaging and commercial printing end uses. Our Everest®, Fortress®, and Starcote® brands are used in packaging applications for everyday products such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, computer software and tobacco products. Our Carolina® brand is used in commercial printing end uses such as greeting cards, paperback book covers, lottery tickets, direct mail and point-of-purchase advertising. International Paper is the worlds largest producer of solid bleached sulfate board with annual U.S. production capacity of about 1.9 million tons. Mills producing coated board in Poland, Russia and China complement our U.S. capacity, uniquely positioning us to provide value-added, innovative products for global customers.
Shorewood Packaging Corporation utilizes emerging technologies in 18 facilities worldwide to produce world-class packaging with high-impact graphics for a variety of markets, including home entertainment, tobacco, cosmetics, general consumer and pharmaceuticals. Our Foodservice business offers cups, lids, bags, food containers and plates through three domestic plants and six international facilities.
Distribution
Through xpedx, our North American merchant distribution business, we provide distribution services and products to a number of customer markets, including the commercial printer with printing papers and graphic art supplies; the building services
and away-from-home markets with facility supplies; manufacturers with packaging supplies and equipment; and to a growing number of customers, we exclusively provide distribution capabilities including warehousing and delivery services. xpedx is the leading wholesale distribution marketer in these customer and product segments in North America, operating 126 warehouse locations and 142 retail stores in the U.S. and Mexico.
Forest Products
FOREST RESOURCES: International Paper owns or manages approximately 500,000 acres of forestlands in the United States, mostly in the South. All lands are independently third-party certified under the operating standards of the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFITM). As part of the Companys Transformation Plan, approximately 5.6 million acres of forestlands were sold in 2006. Our remaining forestlands are managed as a portfolio to optimize the economic value to our shareholders. Most of our portfolio represents properties that are likely to be sold to investors and other buyers for various uses or held for real estate development.
Specialty Businesses and Other
CHEMICALS: Arizona Chemical is a leading producer of specialty resins based on crude tall oil, a byproduct of the wood pulping process. These products, used in adhesives and inks, are made at 11 plants in the United States and Europe. This business is currently subject to a definitive sale agreement expected to close in the first quarter of 2007.
Products and brand designations appearing in italics are trademarks of International Paper or one of its affiliates.
Printing Papers
Demand for Printing Papers products is closely correlated with changes in commercial printing and advertising activity, direct mail volumes and, for uncoated cut-size products, with changes in white-collar employment levels that affect the usage of copy and laser printer paper. Market pulp is further affected by changes in currency rates that can enhance or disadvantage producers in different geographic regions. Principal cost drivers include manufacturing efficiency and raw material and energy costs.
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PRINTING PAPERS net sales for 2006 decreased 3% from both 2005 and 2004 due principally to the sale of the U.S. coated papers business in August 2006. However, operating profits in 2006 were 43% higher than in 2005 and 33% higher than in 2004. Compared with 2005, earnings improved for U.S. uncoated papers, market pulp and European Papers, but this was partially offset by earnings declines in Brazilian papers. Benefits from higher average sales price realizations in the United States, Europe and Brazil ($284 million), improved manufacturing operations ($73 million), reduced lack-of-order downtime ($41 million), higher sales volumes in Europe ($23 million), and other items ($65 million) were partially offset by higher raw material and energy costs ($109 million), higher freight costs ($45 million) and an impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of the fixed assets at the Saillat, France mill ($128 million). Compared with 2004, higher earnings in 2006 in the U.S. uncoated papers, market pulp and coated papers businesses were offset by lower earnings in the European and Brazilian papers businesses. The printing papers segment took 555,000 tons of downtime in 2006, including 150,000 tons of lack-of-order downtime to align production with customer demand. This compared with 970,000 tons of total downtime in 2005, of which 520,000 tons related to lack-of-orders.
Printing Papers | |||||||||
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Sales |
$ | 6,930 | $ | 7,170 | $ | 7,135 | |||
Operating Profit |
$ | 677 | $ | 473 | $ | 508 |
U.S. UNCOATED PAPERS net sales in 2006 were $3.5 billion, compared with $3.2 billion in 2005 and $3.3 billion in 2004. Sales volumes increased in 2006 over 2005, particularly in cut-size paper and printing papers. Average sales price realizations increased significantly, reflecting benefits from price increases announced in late 2005 and early 2006. Lack-of-order downtime declined from 450,000 tons in 2005 to 40,000 tons in 2006, reflecting firm market demand and the impact of the permanent closure of three uncoated freesheet machines in 2005. Operating earnings in 2006 more than doubled compared with both 2005 and 2004. The benefits of improved average sales price realizations more than offset higher input costs for freight, wood and energy, which were all above 2005 levels. Mill operations were favorable compared with 2005 due to current-year improvements in machine performance, lower labor, chemical and energy consumption costs, as well as approximately $30 million of charges incurred in 2005 for machine shutdowns.
U.S. COATED PAPERS net sales were $920 million in 2006, $1.6 billion in 2005 and $1.4 billion in 2004. Operating profits in 2006 were 26% lower than in 2005. A small operating loss was reported for the business in 2004. This business was sold in the third quarter of 2006. During the first two quarters of 2006, sales volumes were up slightly versus 2005. Average sales price realizations for coated freesheet paper and coated groundwood paper were higher than in 2005, reflecting the impact of previously announced price increases. However, input costs for energy, wood and other raw materials increased over 2005 levels. Manufacturing operations were favorable due to higher machine efficiency and mill cost savings.
U.S. MARKET PULP sales in 2006 were $509 million, compared with $526 million and $437 million in 2005 and 2004, respectively. Sales volumes in 2006 were down from 2005 levels, primarily for paper and tissue pulp. Average sales price realizations were higher in 2006, reflecting higher average prices for fluff pulp and bleached hardwood and softwood pulp. Operating earnings increased 30% from 2005 and more than 100% from 2004 principally due to the impact of the higher average sales prices. Input costs for wood and energy were higher in 2006 than in 2005. Manufacturing operations were unfavorable, driven primarily by poor operations at our Riegelwood, North Carolina mill.
BRAZILIAN PAPER net sales for 2006 of $496 million were higher than the $465 million in 2005 and the $417 million in 2004. The sales increase in 2006 reflects higher sales volumes than in 2005, particularly for uncoated freesheet paper, and a strengthening of the Brazilian currency versus the U.S. dollar. Average sales price realizations improved in 2006, primarily for uncoated freesheet paper and wood chips. Despite higher net sales, operating profits for 2006 of $122 million were down from $134 million in 2005 and $166 million in 2004, due principally to incremental costs associated with an extended mill outage in Mogi Guacu to convert to an elemental-chlorine-free bleaching process, to rebuild the primary recovery boiler, and for other environmental upgrades.
EUROPEAN PAPERS net sales in 2006 were $1.5 billion, compared with $1.4 billion in 2005 and $1.5 billion in 2004. Sales volumes in 2006 were higher than in 2005 at our Eastern European mills due to stronger market demand. Average sales price realizations increased in 2006 in both Eastern and Western European markets. Operating earnings in 2006 rose 20% from 2005, but were 15% below 2004 levels. The improvement in 2006 compared with 2005
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reflects the contribution from higher net sales, partially offset by higher input costs for energy, wood and freight.
Entering 2007, earnings in the first quarter are expected to improve compared with the 2006 fourth quarter due primarily to reduced manufacturing costs reflecting the completion of the mill optimization project in Brazil in the fourth quarter. Sales volumes are expected to be seasonally better in the U.S. uncoated paper and market pulp businesses, but seasonally weaker in the Russian paper business. Average sales price realizations should improve as we continue to implement previously announced price increases in Europe and Brazil, although U.S. average price realizations are expected to remain flat. Wood costs are anticipated to be higher due to supply difficulties in the winter months, and energy costs will be mixed. The first-quarter 2007 acquisition of the Luiz Antonio mill in Brazil will provide incremental earnings. During 2007, the Pensacola, Florida mill will be converted to produce containerboard, reducing future U.S. production capacity for uncoated freesheet paper.
Industrial Packaging
Demand for Industrial Packaging products is closely correlated with non-durable industrial goods production in the United States, as well as with demand for processed foods, poultry, meat and agricultural products. In addition to prices and volumes, major factors affecting the profitability of Industrial Packaging are raw material and energy costs, manufacturing efficiency and product mix.
INDUSTRIAL PACKAGING net sales for 2006 increased 6% compared with 2005 and 8% compared with 2004. Operating profits in 2006 were 82% higher than in 2005 and 7% higher than in 2004. Benefits from improved price realizations ($156 million), sales volume increases ($29 million), a more favorable mix ($21 million), reduced market related downtime ($25 million) and strong mill performance ($43 million) were partially offset by the effects of higher raw material costs ($12 million), higher freight costs ($48 million), higher converting operations costs ($21 million) and other costs ($26 million). In addition, a gain of $13 million was recognized in 2006 related to a sale of property in Spain. The segment took 135,000 tons of downtime in 2006, none of which was market-related, compared with 370,000 tons of downtime in 2005, which included 230,000 tons of lack-of-order downtime.
Industrial Packaging | |||||||||
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Sales |
$ | 4,925 | $ | 4,625 | $ | 4,545 | |||
Operating Profit |
$ | 399 | $ | 219 | $ | 373 |
U.S. CONTAINERBOARD net sales for 2006 were $955 million, compared with $895 million in 2005 and $950 million for 2004. Average sales price realizations in the first quarter of 2006 began the year below first-quarter 2005 levels, but improved significantly during the second quarter and were higher than in 2005 for the remainder of the year. Sales volumes were higher throughout 2006. Operating profits in 2006 were more than double 2005 levels, and 68% higher than in 2004. The favorable impacts of the higher average sales price realizations, higher sales volumes, reduced lack-of-order downtime and strong mill performance were only partially offset by higher input costs for freight, chemicals and energy.
U.S. CONVERTING OPERATIONS net sales totaled $2.8 billion in 2006, $2.6 billion in 2005 and $2.3 billion in 2004. Sales volumes throughout the year in 2006 were above 2005 levels, reflecting solid market demand for boxes and packaging solutions. In the first two quarters of 2006, margins were favorable compared with the prior year as average sales prices outpaced containerboard cost increases, but average margins began to decline in the third quarter as containerboard increases outpaced the increase in box prices. Operating profits in 2006 decreased 72% from 2005 and 86% from 2004 levels, primarily due to higher distribution, utility and raw material costs, and inventory adjustment charges.
EUROPEAN CONTAINER net sales for 2006 were $1.0 billion, compared with $883 million in 2005 and $865 million in 2004. The increase was principally due to contributions from the Moroccan box plants acquired in the fourth quarter of 2005, although sales volumes for the rest of the business were also slightly higher. Operating profits in 2006 were up 31% compared with 2005 and 6% compared with 2004. This increase included a $13 million gain on the sale of property in Spain as well as the increased contributions from the Moroccan acquisition, partially offset by higher energy costs.
INTERNATIONAL PAPER DISTRIBUTION LIMITED, our Asian box and containerboard business, had net sales for 2006 of $182 million. In 2005, net sales were $104 million subsequent to International Papers acquisition of a majority interest in August 2005. This business generated a small operating profit in 2006, compared with a small loss in 2005.
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Earnings for the first quarter of 2007 are expected to be lower than in the fourth quarter of 2006. Containerboard export sales volumes are expected to decline due to scheduled first-quarter maintenance outages. Sales volumes for U.S. converted products will be higher due to more shipping days, but expected softer demand should cause the shipments per day to decrease. Average sales price realizations are expected to be comparable to fourth-quarter averages. An additional containerboard price increase was announced in January that is expected to be fully realized in the second quarter. Costs for wood, energy, starch, adhesives and freight are expected to increase. Manufacturing costs will be higher due to costs associated with scheduled maintenance outages in the containerboard mills. European Container operating results are expected to improve as seasonally higher sales volumes and improved margins more than offset slightly higher manufacturing costs.
Consumer Packaging
Demand and pricing for Consumer Packaging products correlate closely with consumer spending and general economic activity. In addition to prices and volumes, major factors affecting the profitability of Consumer Packaging are raw material and energy costs, manufacturing efficiency and product mix.
CONSUMER PACKAGING net sales increased 9% compared with 2005 and 7% compared with 2004. Operating profits rose 8% from 2005, but declined 15% from 2004 levels. Compared with 2005, higher sales volumes ($9 million), improved average sales price realizations ($33 million), reduced lack-of-order downtime ($18 million), and favorable mill operations ($25 million) were partially offset by higher raw material costs ($19 million) and freight costs ($21 million), unfavorable mix ($14 million) and other costs ($21 million).
Consumer Packaging | |||||||||
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Sales |
$ | 2,455 | $ | 2,245 | $ | 2,295 | |||
Operating Profit |
$ | 131 | $ | 121 | $ | 155 |
COATED PAPERBOARD net sales of $1.5 billion in 2006 were higher than $1.3 billion in 2005 and $1.1 billion in 2004. Sales volumes increased in 2006 compared with 2005, particularly in the folding carton board segment, reflecting improved demand for coated paperboard products. In 2006, our coated paperboard mills took 4,000 tons of lack-of-order downtime, compared with 82,000 tons of lack-of-order downtime in 2005. Average sales price
realizations were substantially improved in the current year, principally for folding carton board and cupstock board. Operating profits were 51% higher in 2006 than in 2005, and 7% better than in 2004. The impact of the higher sales prices along with more favorable manufacturing operations due to strong performance at the mills more than offset higher input costs for energy and freight.
FOODSERVICE net sales declined to $396 million in 2006, compared with $437 million in 2005 and $480 million in 2004, due principally to the sale of the Jackson, Tennessee plant in July 2005. Sales volumes were lower in 2006 than in 2005, although average sales prices were higher due to the realization of price increases implemented during 2005. Operating profits for 2006 improved over 2005 and 2004 levels largely due to the benefits from higher sales prices. Raw material costs for bleached board were higher than in 2005, but manufacturing costs were more favorable due to increased productivity and reduced waste.
SHOREWOOD net sales of $670 million were down from $691 million in 2005 and $687 million in 2004. Sales volumes in 2006 were down from 2005 levels due to weak demand in the home entertainment and consumer products markets, although demand was strong in the tobacco segment. Average sales prices for the year were lower than in 2005. Operating profits were down significantly from both 2005 and 2004 due to the decline in sales, particularly in the higher margin home entertainment markets, higher raw material costs for bleached board and certain inventory adjustment costs.
Entering 2007, coated paperboard first-quarter sales volumes are expected to be seasonally stronger than in the fourth quarter 2006 for folding carton board and bristols. Average sales price realizations are expected to rise with a price increase announced in January. It is anticipated that manufacturing costs will improve versus an unfavorable fourth quarter. Foodservice earnings for the first quarter of 2007 are expected to decline due to seasonally weaker volume. However, sales price realizations will be slightly higher, and the seasonal switch to hot cup containers will have a favorable impact on product mix. Shorewood sales volumes for the first quarter of 2007 are expected to seasonally decline, but the earnings impact will be partially offset by pricing improvements and an improved product mix.
Distribution
Our Distribution business, principally represented by our xpedx business, markets a diverse array of products and supply chain services to customers in
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many business segments. Customer demand is generally sensitive to changes in general economic conditions, although the commercial printing segment is also dependent on corporate advertising and promotional spending. Providing customers with the best choice and value in both products and supply chain services is a key competitive factor. Additionally, efficient customer service, cost-effective logistics, and focused working capital management are key factors in this segments profitability.
Distribution | |||||||||
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Sales |
$ | 6,785 | $ | 6,380 | $ | 6,065 | |||
Operating Profit |
$ | 128 | $ | 84 | $ | 87 |
DISTRIBUTION 2006 net sales increased 6% from 2005 and 12% from 2004. Operating profits in 2006 were 52% higher than in 2005 and 47% higher than in 2004. Sales volumes rose for all segments, but were particularly strong for packaging and facility supplies. Average sales prices also increased in all segments. The improvement in operating results reflects the higher revenues and improvements in operating expenses resulting from facility realignments and cost reduction actions begun in the second half of 2005 designed to increase the ongoing efficiency of the xpedx distribution system.
Looking ahead to the first quarter of 2007, earnings are expected to be comparable to strong 2006 fourth- quarter results. Sales volumes should experience a slight seasonal decline, but operating expense improvements should lead to comparable operating profits.
Forest Products
Forest Products currently manages approximately 500,000 acres of forestlands in the United States. Forest Resources operating results have historically been largely driven by demand and pricing for softwood sawtimber, and to a lesser extent for softwood pulpwood, by the volume of merchantable timber harvested from Company forestlands, and by demand and pricing for specific forestland tracts offered for sale. With the significant decline in forestlands acreage in 2006, future operations will primarily consist of retail forestland and real estate sales.
Forest Products | ||||||||||||
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||
Sales |
$ | 765 | $ | 995 | $ | 875 | ||||||
Operating Profit: |
||||||||||||
Forest Resources - |
||||||||||||
Sales of Forestlands |
$ | 447 | $ | 400 | $ | 315 | ||||||
Havest & Recreational Income |
222 | 269 | 281 | |||||||||
Forestland Expenses |
(115 | ) | (146 | ) | (178 | ) | ||||||
Real Estate Operations |
124 | 198 | 124 | |||||||||
Operating Profit |
$ | 678 | $ | 721 | $ | 542 |
FOREST RESOURCES sales in 2006 decreased 23% from 2005 and 13% from 2004. Operating profits were down 6% from 2005, but were up 25% from 2004. As part of the Companys announced Transformation Plan, 5.6 million acres of forestland were sold in 2006, primarily in the fourth quarter, resulting in a significant decline in forestland acreage. The Company intends to focus future operations on maximizing proceeds from the sale of the remaining forestlands.
Operating profits from stumpage sales and recreational income were $222 million in 2006, compared with $269 million in 2005 and $281 million in 2004, reflecting the significant reduction in acreage in the fourth quarter. Operating profits from forestland sales were $447 million in 2006, compared with $400 million in 2005 and $315 million in 2004. Operating expenses decreased to $115 million from $146 million in 2005 and $178 million in 2004, reflecting the continuing effects of restructuring efforts and cost reduction initiatives. Operating profits for the Real Estate division, which principally sells higher-and-better-use properties, were $124 million, $198 million and $124 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Looking forward to 2007, operating results will be significantly impacted by the forestlands sold in 2006. Earnings from harvest and recreation income
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will no longer be significant contributors to business operating results, while expenses should also decline significantly reflecting the reduced level of operations. Operating earnings will primarily consist of retail forestland and real estate sales of remaining acreage.
Specialty Businesses and Other
The Specialty Businesses and Other segment includes the results of the Arizona Chemical business and certain divested businesses whose results are included in this segment for periods prior to their sale or closure.
This segments 2006 net sales increased 2% from 2005, but declined 17% from 2004. Operating profits in 2006 were up substantially from both 2005 and 2004. The decline in sales compared with 2004 principally reflects declining contributions from businesses sold or closed.
Specialty Businesses and Other | |||||||||
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Sales |
$ | 935 | $ | 915 | $ | 1,120 | |||
Operating Profit |
$ | 61 | $ | 4 | $ | 38 |
ARIZONA CHEMICAL sales were $769 million in 2006, compared with $692 million in 2005 and $672 million in 2004. Sales volumes declined in 2006 compared with 2005, but average sales price realizations in 2006 were higher in both the United States and Europe. Operating earnings in 2006 were significantly higher than in 2005 and more than 49% higher than in 2004. The increase over 2005 reflects the impact of the higher average sales price realizations and lower manufacturing costs, partially offset by higher prices for crude tall oil (CTO). Earnings for 2005 also included a $13 million charge related to a plant shutdown in Norway.
Other businesses in this operating segment include operations that have been sold, closed or held for sale, primarily the Polyrey business in France and, in prior years, the European Distribution business. Sales for these businesses were approximately $166 million in 2006, compared with $223 million in 2005 and $448 million in 2004.
In December 2006, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to sell the Arizona Chemical business, expected to close in the first quarter of 2007.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Overview
A major factor in International Papers liquidity and capital resource planning is its generation of operating cash flow, which is highly sensitive to changes in the pricing and demand for our major products. While changes in key cash operating costs, such as energy and raw material costs, do have an effect on operating cash generation, we believe that our strong focus on cost controls has improved our cash flow generation over an operating cycle.
As part of the continuing focus on improving our return on investment, we have focused our capital spending on improving our key paper and packaging businesses both globally and in North America. Spending levels have been kept below the level of depreciation and amortization charges for each of the last three years, and we anticipate spending will again be slightly below depreciation and amortization in 2007.
Financing activities in 2006 have been focused on the Transformation Plan objective of strengthening the balance sheet through repayment of debt, resulting in a net reduction in 2006 of $5.2 billion following a $1.7 billion net reduction in 2005. Additionally, we made a $1.0 billion voluntary cash contribution to our U.S. qualified pension plan in December 2006 to begin satisfying projected long-term funding requirements and to lower future pension expense. Our liquidity position continues to be strong, with approximately $3.0 billion of committed liquidity to cover future short-term cash flow requirements not met by operating cash flows.
Management believes it is important for International Paper to maintain an investment-grade credit rating to facilitate access to capital markets on favorable terms. At December 31, 2006, the Company held long-term credit ratings of BBB (stable outlook) and Baa3 (stable outlook) from Standard & Poors and Moodys Investor Services, respectively.
Cash Provided by Operations
Cash provided by continuing operations totaled $1.0 billion for 2006, compared with $1.2 billion for 2005 and $1.7 billion in 2004. The 2006 amount is net of a $1.0 billion voluntary cash pension plan contribution made in the fourth quarter of 2006. The major components of cash provided by continuing operations are earnings from continuing operations
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adjusted for non-cash income and expense items and changes in working capital. Earnings from continuing operations, adjusted for non-cash items and excluding the pension contribution, increased by $584 million in 2006 versus 2005. This compared with a decline of $63 million for 2005 over 2004.
International Papers investments in accounts receivable and inventory less accounts payable and accrued liabilities, totaled $997 million at December 31, 2006. Cash used for these working capital components increased by $354 million in 2006, compared with a $558 million increase in 2005 and a $117 million increase in 2004. The increase in 2006 was principally due to decreases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities.
Investment Activities
Investment activities in 2006 included $1.8 billion of net cash proceeds received from divestitures, $1.6 billion of net cash proceeds received from the sale of U.S. forestlands under the Companys Transformation Plan, and $1.1 billion of deposits made to pre-fund project development costs for a pulp mill project in Brazil.
Capital spending from continuing operations was $1.0 billion in 2006, or 87% of depreciation and amortization, comparable to $992 million, or 78% of depreciation and amortization in 2005, and $925 million, or 73% of depreciation and amortization in 2004.
The following table presents capital spending from continuing operations by each of our business segments for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004.
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 537 | $ | 592 | $ | 453 | |||
Industrial Packaging |
257 | 180 | 161 | ||||||
Consumer Packaging |
116 | 126 | 198 | ||||||
Distribution |
6 | 9 | 5 | ||||||
Forest Products |
72 | 66 | 76 | ||||||
Subtotal |
988 | 973 | 893 | ||||||
Corporate and other |
21 | 19 | 32 | ||||||
Total from continuing operations |
$ | 1,009 | $ | 992 | $ | 925 |
We expect capital expenditures in 2007 to be about $1.2 billion, or about equal to estimated depreciation and amortization. We will continue to focus our future capital spending on improving our key platform businesses in North America and on investments in geographic areas with strong growth opportunities.
Acquisitions
In October and November 2006, International Paper paid approximately $82 million for a 50% interest in the International Paper & Sun Cartonboard Co., Ltd. joint venture that currently operates two coated paperboard machines in Yanzhou City, China. In December 2006, a 50% interest was acquired in a second joint venture, Shandong International Paper & Sun Coated Paperboard Co., Ltd., for approximately $28 million. This joint venture was formed to construct a third coated paperboard machine, expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2009. The operating results of these consolidated joint ventures did not have a material effect on the Companys 2006 consolidated results of operations.
On July 1, 2004, International Paper completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding common and preferred stock of Box USA Holdings, Inc. (Box USA) for approximately $189 million in cash and a $15 million 6% note payable issued to Box USAs controlling shareholders. In addition, International Paper assumed approximately $197 million of debt, approximately $193 million of which was repaid by July 31, 2004. The operating results of Box USA are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements from that date.
Other Acquisitions
In October 2005, International Paper acquired approximately 65% of Compagnie Marocaine des Cartons et des Papiers (CMCP), a leading Moroccan corrugated packaging company, for approximately $80 million in cash plus assumed debt of approximately $40 million.
In 2001, International Paper and Carter Holt Harvey Limited (CHH) had each acquired a 25% interest in International Paper Pacific Millennium Limited (IPPM). IPPM is a Hong Kong-based distribution and packaging company with operations in China and other Asian countries. On August 1, 2005, pursuant to an existing agreement, International Paper purchased a 50% third-party interest in IPPM (now renamed International Paper Distribution Limited) for $46 million to facilitate possible further growth in Asia. Finally, in May 2006, the Company purchased the remaining 25% from CHH interest for $21 million.
Each of the above acquisitions was accounted for using the purchase method. The operating results of these acquisitions have been included in the consolidated statement of operations from the dates of acquisition.
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Financing Activities
2006: Financing activities during 2006 included debt issuances of $223 million and retirements of $5.4 billion, for a net debt reduction of $5.2 billion.
In December 2006, International Paper used proceeds of $2.2 billion to retire notes with interest rates ranging from 3.8% to 10.0% and original maturities from 2008 to 2029. Also in the fourth quarter of 2006, International Paper Investments (Luxembourg) S.ar.l, a wholly-owned subsidiary of International Paper, repaid $343 million of long-term debt with an interest rate of LIBOR plus 40 basis points and a maturity date in November 2010.
In August 2006, International Paper used approximately $320 million of cash to repay its maturing 5.375% euro-denominated notes that were designated as a hedge of euro functional currency net investments. Other debt activity in the third quarter included the repayments of $143 million of 7.875% notes and $96 million of 7% debentures, all maturing within the quarter.
In June 2006, International Paper paid approximately $1.2 billion to repurchase substantially all of its zero-coupon convertible debentures at a price equal to their accreted principal value plus interest, using proceeds from divestitures and $730 million of third-party commercial paper issued under the Companys receivables securitization program. At December 31, 2006, International Paper had repaid all of the commercial paper borrowed under this program.
In February 2006, International Paper repurchased $195 million of 6.4% debentures with an original maturity date of February 2026. Other reductions in the first quarter of 2006 included early payment of approximately $495 million of notes with coupon rates ranging from 4.0% to 8.875% and original maturities from 2007 to 2029.
International Paper utilizes interest rate swaps to change the mix between fixed and variable rate debt and to manage interest expense. At December 31, 2006, International Paper had interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $2.2 billion with maturities ranging from one to 10 years. In 2006, these swaps increased the weighted average cost of debt from 6.05% to an effective rate of 6.18%. The inclusion of the offsetting interest income from short-term investments reduced this effective rate to 4.95%.
Other financing activity in 2006 included the repurchase of 39.7 million shares of International
Paper common stock for approximately $1.4 billion, and the issuance of 2.8 million shares under various incentive plans, including stock option exercises that generated $32 million of cash.
2005: Financing activities during 2005 included debt issuances of $1.0 billion and retirements of $2.7 billion, for a net debt and preferred securities reduction of $1.7 billion.
In November and December 2005, International Paper Investments (Luxembourg) S.ar.l., a wholly-owned subsidiary of International Paper, issued $700 million of long-term debt with an initial interest rate of LIBOR plus 40 basis points that can vary depending upon the credit rating of the Company, and a maturity date in November 2010. Additionally, the subsidiary borrowed $70 million under a bank credit agreement with an initial interest rate of LIBOR plus 40 basis points that can vary depending upon the credit rating of the Company, and a maturity date in November 2006.
In December 2005, International Paper used proceeds from the above borrowings, and from the sale of CHH in the third quarter of 2005, to repay approximately $190 million of notes with coupon rates ranging from 3.8% to 10% and original maturities from 2008 to 2029.
In September 2005, International Paper used some of the proceeds from the CHH sale to repay the remaining $250 million portion of a subsidiarys $650 million long-term debt with an interest rate of LIBOR plus 62.5 basis points and a maturity date of June 2007, and $312 million of commercial paper that had been issued in the same quarter. Other reductions in the third quarter of 2005 included $662 million of notes with coupon rates ranging from 4% to 7.35% and original maturities from 2009 to 2029, and the repayment of $150 million of 7.10% notes with a maturity date of September 2005.
In June 2005, International Paper repaid approximately $400 million of a subsidiarys long-term debt with an interest rate of LIBOR plus 62.5 basis points and a maturity date of June 2007.
In February 2005, the Company redeemed the outstanding $464 million aggregate principal amount of International Paper Capital Trust 5.25% convertible subordinated debentures at 100.5% of par plus accrued interest, and made early payments of approximately $295 million on notes with coupon rates ranging from 4% to 7.875% and original maturities from 2006 to 2015.
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Other financing activity in 2005 included the repatriation of $900 million of cash in the fourth quarter and $1.2 billion of cash in the second quarter from certain of International Papers foreign subsidiaries, and the issuance of approximately 3.0 million common shares under various incentive plans, including stock option exercises that generated $23 million of cash.
2004: Financing activities during 2004 included debt issuances of $2.5 billion and retirements of $4.2 billion, including repayments of $193 million of debt assumed in the Box USA acquisition in July, and approximately $340 million of debt that was reclassified from Minority interest in 2004 prior to repayment. Excluding these repayments, the net reduction in debt during 2004 was approximately $1.0 billion.
In December 2004, Timberlands Capital Corp. II, a former wholly-owned consolidated subsidiary of International Paper, redeemed $170 million of 4.5% preferred securities. In August 2004, International Paper repurchased $168 million of limited partnership interests in Georgetown Equipment Leasing Associates, L.P. and Trout Creek Equipment Leasing, L.P. Both of these securities had been reclassified from Minority interest to Current maturities of long-term debt prior to their repayment.
Also in August 2004, an International Paper wholly- owned subsidiary issued 500 million euro-denominated long-term debt (equivalent to approximately $619 million at issuance) with an initial interest rate of EURIBOR plus 55 basis points and a maturity in August 2009.
In June 2004, an International Paper wholly-owned subsidiary issued $650 million of long-term debt with an interest rate of LIBOR plus 62.5 basis points and a maturity date of June 2007, which refinanced $650 million of long-term debt having an interest rate of LIBOR plus 100 basis points and a maturity date in August 2004. In April 2004, $1.0 billion of 8.125% coupon rate debt was retired using the proceeds from the March 2004 issuance of $400 million of 5.25% notes due in April 2016 and $600 million of 4.00% notes due in April 2010.
In January 2004, approximately $1.0 billion of debt with an 8.05% blended coupon rate was retired, including all of the outstanding $805 million principal amount of International Paper Capital Trust III 7.875% preferred securities, using the proceeds from the two December 2003 issuances of $500 million each of notes.
In addition to the preceding repayments, various other International Paper borrowings totaling approximately $1.0 billion were repaid in 2004.
Other financing activity in 2004 included the issuance of approximately 3.6 million treasury shares and 2.3 million common shares under various incentive plans, including stock option exercises that generated $164 million of cash.
Dividend payments totaled $485 million in 2006, $490 million in 2005 and $485 million in 2004. The International Paper common stock dividend remained at $1.00 per share during the three-year period.
Common shareholders equity decreased by $388 million during 2006, principally reflecting repurchases of common stock ($1.4 billion) and payments of dividends ($485 million), partially offset by net earnings for the year ($1.1 billion) and the change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment ($220 million).
Cash and temporary investments totaled $1.6 billion at both December 31, 2006 and 2005.
Off-Balance Sheet Variable Interest Entities
During 2006 in connection with the sale of approximately 5.6 million acres of forestlands under the Companys Transformation Plan, the Company exchanged installment notes totaling approximately $4.8 billion and approximately $400 million of International Paper promissory notes for interests in entities formed to monetize the notes. International Paper determined that it was not the primary beneficiary of these entities, and therefore its investments should be accounted for under the equity method of accounting. During 2006, these entities acquired an additional $4.8 billion of International Paper debt securities for cash, resulting in a total of approximately $5.2 billion of International Paper debt obligations held by these entities at December 31, 2006. Since International Paper has, and intends to affect, a legal right to offset its obligations under these debt instruments with its investments in the entities, International Paper has offset $5.0 billion of interest in the entities against $5.0 billion of International Paper debt obligations held by the entities.
International Paper also holds variable interests in two financing entities that were used to monetize long-term notes received from sales of forestlands in 2002 and 2001.
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See Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data for a further discussion of these transactions.
Capital Resources Outlook for 2007
International Paper expects to be able to meet projected capital expenditures, service existing debt and meet working capital and dividend requirements during 2007 through current cash balances and cash from operations and divestiture proceeds, supplemented as required by its various existing credit facilities. International Paper has approximately $3.0 billion of committed liquidity, which we believe is adequate to cover expected operating cash flow variability during our industrys economic cycles. In March 2006, International Paper replaced its maturing $750 million revolving bank credit agreement with a 364-day $500 million fully committed revolving bank credit agreement that expires in March 2007 and has a facility fee of 0.08% payable quarterly, and replaced its $1.25 billion revolving bank credit agreement with a $1.5 billion fully committed revolving bank credit agreement that expires in March 2011 and has a facility fee of 0.10% payable quarterly. In addition, in October 2006, the Company amended its existing receivables securitization program that provides for up to $1.2 billion of commercial paper-based financings with a facility fee of 0.20% and an expiration date in November 2007, to provide up to $1.0 billion of available commercial paper-based financings with a facility fee of 0.10% and an expiration date of October 2009. At December 31, 2006, there were no borrowings under either of the bank credit agreements or the receivables securitization program.
Additionally, International Paper Investments (Luxembourg) S.ar.l., a wholly-owned subsidiary of International Paper, has a $100 million bank credit agreement maturing in December 2007, with $40 million in borrowings outstanding as of December 31, 2006.
The Company will continue to rely upon debt and capital markets for the majority of any necessary long-term funding not provided by operating cash flow or divestiture proceeds. Funding decisions will be guided by our capital structure planning and liability management practices. The primary goals of the Companys capital structure planning are to maximize financial flexibility and preserve liquidity while reducing interest expense. The majority of International Papers debt is accessed through global public capital markets where we have a wide base of investors.
The Company was in compliance with all its debt covenants at December 31, 2006. Principal financial covenants include maintenance of a minimum net worth, defined as the sum of common stock, paid-in capital and retained earnings, less treasury stock, plus any goodwill impairment charges, of $9 billion; and a maximum total debt to capital ratio, defined as total debt divided by total debt plus net worth, of 60%.
Maintaining an investment grade credit rating is an important element of International Papers financing strategy. In the third quarter of 2006, Standard & Poors reaffirmed the Companys long-term credit rating of BBB, revised its ratings outlook from negative to stable, and upgraded its short-term credit rating from A-3 to A-2. At December 31, 2006, the Company also held long-term credit ratings of Baa3 (stable outlook) and a short-term credit rating of P-3 from Moodys Investor Services.
Contractual obligations for future payments under existing debt and lease commitments and purchase obligations at December 31, 2006, were as follows:
In millions | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | Thereafter | ||||||||||||
Total debt (a) |
$ | 692 | $ | 129 | $ | 1,143 | $ | 1,198 | $ | 381 | $ | 3,680 | ||||||
Lease obligations (b) |
144 | 117 | 94 | 74 | 60 | 110 | ||||||||||||
Purchase obligations (c,d) |
2,329 | 462 | 362 | 352 | 323 | 1,794 | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 3,165 | $ | 708 | $ | 1,599 | $ | 1,624 | $ | 764 | $ | 5,584 |
(a) | Total debt includes scheduled principal payments only. |
(b) | Included in these amounts are $76 million of lease obligations related to discontinued operations and businesses held for sale that are due as follows: 2007 - $23 million; 2008 - $19 million; 2009 - $15 million; 2010 - $7 million; 2011 - $5 million; and thereafter - $7 million. |
(c) | Included in these amounts are $1.3 billion of purchase obligations related to discontinued operations and businesses held for sale that are due as follows: 2007 - $335 million; 2008 - $199 million; 2009 - $157 million; 2010 - $143 million; 2011 - $141 million; and thereafter - $331 million. |
(d) | Includes $2.2 billion relating to fiber supply agreements entered into at the time of the Transformation Plan forestland sales. |
In July 2005, the Company had announced a plan to focus its business portfolio on two key global platform businesses: Uncoated Papers (including Distribution) and Packaging. The Plans other elements include exploring strategic options for other businesses, including possible sale or spin-off, returning value to shareholders, strengthening the balance sheet, selective reinvestment to strengthen the paper
33
and packaging businesses both globally and in North America, and on improving existing business profitability by targeting an objective of $1.2 billion of non-price improvements over a three-year period.
International Paper had indicated that after-tax proceeds from announced and possible future divestitures, plus additional free cash flow generated from operations, would be used as follows:
| Up to $3 billion to return value to shareholders, |
| $6 to $7 billion to strengthen the balance sheet through debt repayment and possible voluntary cash contributions to its U.S. pension plan, |
| A range of $2 to $4 billion for selective reinvestment, including possible uncoated papers and packaging options in Brazil and North America, uncoated papers or packaging opportunities in China, and expanded pulp, paper and packaging operations in Russia in addition to current operations at Svetogorsk. |
In the third quarter of 2005, the Company completed the sale of its 50.5% interest in Carter Holt Harvey Limited for $1.1 billion in proceeds. In the third quarter of 2006, the Company completed the sales of its U.S. Coated and Supercalendered Papers business for approximately $1.4 billion and its Brazilian Coated Papers business for approximately $420 million. Also during 2006, approximately 5.6 million acres of U.S. forestlands were sold in a series of transactions yielding approximately $6.6 billion of proceeds. Additionally during 2006, the Company announced definitive agreements for the sales of its Kraft Papers business for approximately $155 million, its Beverage Packaging business for approximately $500 million, its Arizona Chemical business for approximately $485 million, and the majority of its Wood Products business in two separate transactions totaling approximately $560 million. The sales of the Kraft Papers business and the North American portion of the Beverage Packaging business were subsequently completed in January 2007. Total estimated proceeds from these transactions are approximately $11.3 billion.
As part of the use of Transformation Plan proceeds to return value to shareholders, during the 2006 third quarter, the Company purchased through a modified Dutch Auction tender offer, 38,465,260 shares (or approximately 6%) of its common stock at a price of
$36.00 per share, plus costs to acquire the shares, for a total cost of approximately $1.4 billion. Additionally, the Company purchased an additional 1,220,558 shares of its common stock in the open market in December 2006 at an average price of $33.84 per share, plus costs to acquire the shares, for a total cost of approximately $41 million. Following the completion of these share repurchases, International Paper had approximately 454 million shares of common stock outstanding.
To help strengthen the balance sheet, the Company has reduced long-term debt by approximately $6.2 billion since the plan was announced, including $1.0 billion in 2005 and $5.2 billion during 2006. In addition, the Company made a $1.0 billion voluntary contribution to its U.S. qualified pension fund in December 2006 to begin satisfying projected long-term funding requirements and to lower future pension expense. As a result of this contribution, the pension fund is now approximately 94% funded.
As part of its selective reinvestment plan, the Company has identified opportunities totaling approximately $2.0 billion, including:
| $110 million of investments in the fourth quarter of 2006 to acquire 50% interests in two joint ventures with Sun Cartonboard Co., Ltd. in a coated board production facility in Yanzhou City, China, and a joint venture to construct an additional coated paperboard machine, targeted to be completed in 2009, |
| an agreement to exchange pulp and paper assets with Votorantim Celulose e Paper S.A. (VCP) in Brazil, including approximately $1.1 billion of pre-funded project development costs and forestlands, for VCPs Luiz Antonio uncoated paper and pulp mill and forestlands, |
| a planned new uncoated free sheet paper machine in Brazil, with an estimated cost of $290 million, and |
| a potential investment of approximately $400 million in 2007 in a 50-50 joint venture for the operation of four pulp and paper mills and other associated operations in the European and Siberian regions of Russia, subject to the completion of due diligence, receipt of regulatory approvals and the approvals of the respective boards of directors. |
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Finally, during 2006 in the initial year of the three-year period, the Company realized $330 million of non-price improvements to enhance existing business profitability, representing solid progress against the $1.2 billion three-year objective.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires International Paper to establish accounting policies and to make estimates that affect both the amounts and timing of the recording of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Some of these estimates require judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain.
Accounting policies whose application may have a significant effect on the reported results of operations and financial position of International Paper, and that can require judgments by management that affect their application, include SFAS No. 5, Accounting for Contingencies, SFAS No. 144, Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, SFAS No. 87, Employers Accounting for Pensions, SFAS No. 106, Employers Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions, as amended by SFAS Nos. 132 and 132(R), Employers Disclosures About Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits, SFAS No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, and SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. The following is a discussion of the impact of these accounting policies on International Paper:
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES. Accruals for contingent liabilities, including legal and environmental matters, are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred or an asset impaired and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Liabilities accrued for legal matters require judgments regarding projected outcomes and range of loss based on historical experience and recommendations of legal counsel. Additionally, as discussed in Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, reserves for projected future claims settlements relating to exterior siding and roofing products previously manufactured by Masonite require judgments regarding projections of future claims rates and amounts. International Paper utilizes an independent third party consultant to assist in developing these estimates. Liabilities for environmental matters require evaluations of relevant environmental regulations and estimates of future
remediation alternatives and costs. International Paper determines these estimates after a detailed evaluation of each site.
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS AND GOODWILL. An impairment of a long-lived asset exists when the assets carrying amount exceeds its fair value, and is recorded when the carrying amount is not recoverable through future operations. A goodwill impairment exists when the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its fair value. Assessments of possible impairments of long-lived assets and goodwill are made when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable through future operations. Additionally, testing for possible impairment of recorded goodwill and intangible asset balances is required annually. The amount and timing of impairment charges for these assets require the estimation of future cash flows and the fair market value of the related assets.
PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT OBLIGATIONS. The charges recorded for pension and other postretirement benefit obligations are determined annually in conjunction with International Papers consulting actuary, and are dependent upon various assumptions including the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, discount rates, projected future compensation increases, health care cost trend rates and mortality rates.
INCOME TAXES. International Paper records its global tax provision based on the respective tax rules and regulations for the jurisdictions in which it operates. Where the Company believes that the deduction of an item is supportable for income tax purposes, the item is deducted in its income tax returns. However, where treatment of an item is uncertain, tax accruals are recorded based upon the expected most probable outcome taking into consideration the specific tax regulations and facts of each matter, the results of historical negotiated settlements, and the results of consultations with outside specialists. These accruals are recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet in Other liabilities. Changes to the reserves are only made when an identifiable event occurs that changes the probable outcome, such as settlement with relevant tax authority, the expiration of statutes of limitation for the subject tax year, change in tax laws or a recent court case that addresses the matter.
While International Paper believes that these judgments and estimates are appropriate and reasonable under the circumstances, actual resolution of these matters may differ from recorded estimated amounts.
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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
PENSION AND POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT ACCOUNTING. The calculations of pension and postretirement benefit obligations and expenses require decisions about a number of key assumptions that can significantly affect liability and expense amounts, including the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets, the discount rate used to calculate plan liabilities, the projected rate of future compensation increases and health care cost trend rates.
Benefit obligations and fair values of plan assets as of December 31, 2006, for International Papers pension and postretirement plans are as follows:
In millions | Benefit Obligation |
Fair Value of Plan Assets | ||||
U.S. qualified pension |
$ | 8,910 | $ | 8,366 | ||
U.S. nonqualified pension |
327 | | ||||
U.S. postretirement |
624 | | ||||
Non-U.S. pension |
248 | 179 | ||||
Non-U.S. postretirement |
17 | |
The table below shows the assumptions used by International Paper to calculate U.S. pension expenses for the years shown:
2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||
Discount rate |
5.75 | % | 5.50 | % | 5.75 | % | 6.00 | % | ||||
Expected long-term return on plan assets |
8.50 | % | 8.50 | % | 8.50 | % | 8.75 | % | ||||
Rate of compensation increase |
3.75 | % | 3.25 | % | 3.25 | % | 3.25 | % |
Additionally, the health care cost trend rates used in the calculation of U.S. postretirement obligations for the years shown were:
2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |||||||
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year |
10.00 | % | 10.00 | % | 10.00 | % | |||
Rate that the cost trend rate gradually declines to |
5.00 | % | 5.00 | % | 5.00 | % | |||
Year that the rate reaches the rate it is assumed to remain |
2012 | 2011 | 2010 |
International Paper determines these actuarial assumptions, after consultation with our actuaries, on December 31 of each year to calculate liability information as of that date and pension and postretirement expense for the following year. The discount rate assumption is determined based on a yield curve that incorporates approximately 500-550 Aa-graded bonds. The plans projected cash flows are then matched to this yield curve to develop the discount rate.
The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects projected returns for an investment mix determined upon completion of a detailed asset/liability study that meets the plans investment objectives. Increasing (decreasing) the expected long-term rate of return on U.S. plan assets by an additional 0.25% would decrease (increase) 2007 pension expense by approximately $19 million, while a (decrease) increase of 0.25% in the discount rate would (increase) decrease pension expense by approximately $27 million. The effect on net postretirement benefit cost from a 1% increase or decrease in the annual trend rate would be approximately $2 million.
Actual rates of return earned on U.S. pension plan assets for each of the last 10 years were:
Year | Return | Year | Return | |||||
2006 |
14.9 | % | 2001 |
(2.4 | )% | |||
2005 |
11.7 | % | 2000 |
(1.4 | )% | |||
2004 |
14.1 | % | 1999 |
21.4 | % | |||
2003 |
26.0 | % | 1998 |
10.0 | % | |||
2002 |
(6.7 | )% | 1997 |
17.2 | % |
The following chart, prepared by International Paper, illustrates the quarterly performance ranking of our pension fund investments compared with over 300 other corporate and public pension funds. The peer group, of which International Paper is one, is the State Street Corporate and Public Master Trusts Universe. For the last five years, International Papers pension fund performance has averaged in the top 75% of this peer group.
SFAS No. 87, Employers Accounting for Pensions, provides for delayed recognition of actuarial gains and losses, including amounts arising from changes in the estimated projected plan benefit obligation due to changes in the assumed discount rate, differences between the actual and expected return on plan assets, and other assumption changes. These net gains and losses are recognized in pension expense prospectively over a period that approximates the average remaining service period of
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active employees expected to receive benefits under the plans (approximately 11 years) to the extent that they are not offset by gains and losses in subsequent years. The estimated net loss and prior service cost that will be amortized from OCI into net periodic pension cost over the next fiscal year are $186 million and $20 million, respectively.
Net periodic pension and postretirement plan expenses, calculated for all of International Papers plans were as follows:
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | |||||||||||
Pension expense (income) |
||||||||||||||||
U.S. plans (non-cash) |
$ | 377 | $ | 243 | $ | 111 | $ | 60 | $ | (75 | ) | |||||
Non-U.S. plans |
17 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 9 | |||||||||||
Postretirement expense |
||||||||||||||||
U.S. plans |
7 | 20 | 53 | 55 | 59 | |||||||||||
Non-U.S. plans |
3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||
Net expense (income) |
$ | 404 | $ | 281 | $ | 181 | $ | 129 | $ | (5 | ) |
The increases in 2006 and 2005 U.S. pension expense were principally due to a change in the mortality assumption to use the Retirement Protection Act 2000 Tables beginning in 2006, increases in the amortization of unrecognized actuarial losses over a shorter average remaining service period, and reductions in the discount rate.
Assuming that discount rates, expected long-term returns on plan assets and rates of future compensation increases remain the same as in 2006, projected future net periodic pension and postretirement plan expenses would be as follows:
In millions | 2008 (a) | 2007 (a) | ||||
Pension expense |
||||||
U.S. plans (non-cash) |
$ | 125 | $ | 195 | ||
Non-U.S. plans |
6 | 6 | ||||
Postretirement expense |
||||||
U.S. plans |
18 | 14 | ||||
Non-U.S. plans |
2 | 3 | ||||
Net expense |
$ | 151 | $ | 218 |
(a) Based on 12/31/06 assumptions.
The Company estimates that it will record net pension expense of approximately $195 million for its U.S. defined benefit plans in 2007, with the decrease from expense of $377 million in 2006 principally reflecting earnings on the $1.0 billion of voluntary contributions discussed below, lower amortization of prior service costs and actuarial losses, and an increase in the assumed discount rate to 5.75% in 2007 from 5.50% in 2006. The estimated pension
expense for our non-U.S. plans is $6 million. Net postretirement benefit costs in 2007 will increase primarily reflecting the acceleration of prior service cost credits into a one-time gain taken in 2006 as a result of multiple divestitures and several plan amendments.
The market value of plan assets for International Papers U.S. qualified pension plan at December 31, 2006 totaled approximately $8.4 billion, consisting of approximately 57% equity securities, 34% fixed income securities, and 9% real estate and other assets. Plan assets included approximately $430,000 of International Paper common stock.
International Paper makes contributions that are sufficient to fully fund its actuarially determined costs, generally equal to the minimum amounts required by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA). International Paper made voluntary contributions of $1.0 billion to the qualified defined benefit plan in the fourth quarter of 2006, and does not expect to make any contributions in 2007. The nonqualified plan is only funded to the extent of benefits paid, which are expected to be $41 million in 2007.
ACCOUNTING FOR STOCK OPTIONS. International Paper adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), Share-Based Payment to account for stock options in the first quarter of 2006 using the modified prospective method. Under this method, expense for stock options is recorded over the related service period based on the grant-date fair market value. Had SFAS No. 123(R) been applied in 2005 and 2004, additional expense of $57 million in 2005 and $38 million in 2004 would have been recorded.
During each reporting period, diluted earnings per share is calculated by assuming that in-the-money options are exercised and the exercise proceeds are used to repurchase shares in the marketplace. When options are actually exercised, option proceeds are credited to equity and issued shares are included in the computation of earnings per common share, with no effect on reported earnings. Equity is also increased by the tax benefit that International Paper will receive in its tax return for income reported by the optionees in their individual tax returns.
At December 31, 2006, 36.0 million options were outstanding with exercise prices ranging from $29.31 to $66.81 per share. At December 31, 2005, 41.6 million options were outstanding with exercise prices ranging from $29.31 to $66.81 per share.
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Before minority interest and discontinued operations, the Companys effective income tax rates were 59%, (142)% and 30% for 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. These effective tax rates include the tax effects of certain special and unusual items that can affect the effective income tax rate in a given year, but may not recur in subsequent years. Management believes that the effective tax rate computed after excluding these special or unusual items may provide a better estimate of the rate that might be expected in future years if no additional special or unusual items were to occur in those years. Excluding these special and unusual items, the effective income tax rate for 2006 was 29% of pre-tax earnings compared with 20% in 2005 and 19% in 2004. The increase in the rate in 2006 reflects a higher proportion of earnings in higher tax rate jurisdictions. We estimate that the 2007 effective income tax rate will be 30-32% based on expected earnings and business conditions, which are subject to change.
RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS
The following represent recently issued accounting pronouncements that will affect reporting and disclosures in future periods.
EMPLOYERS ACCOUNTING FOR DEFINED BENEFIT PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT PLANS. In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans an Amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R). This statement requires a calendar year-end company with publicly traded equity securities that sponsors a postretirement benefit plan to fully recognize, as an asset or liability, the overfunded or underfunded status of its benefit plan(s) in its 2006 year-end balance sheet. The Company adopted the provisions of this standard as of December 31, 2006, recording an additional liability of $492 million and an after-tax charge to Other comprehensive income of $350 million for its defined benefit and postretirement benefit plans.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS. In September 2006, the FASB also issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, which provides a single definition of fair value, together with a framework for measuring it, and requires additional disclosure about the use of fair value to measure assets and liabilities. It also emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific
measurement, and sets out a fair value hierarchy with the highest priority being quoted prices in active markets. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and is to be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the year in which it is initially applied. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this statement.
ACCOUNTING FOR PLANNED MAJOR MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES. In September 2006, the FASB issued FSP No. AUG AIR-1, Accounting for Planned Major Maintenance Activities, which permits the application of three alternative methods of accounting for planned major maintenance activities: the direct expense, built-in-overhaul, and deferral methods. The FSP is effective for the first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2006. International Paper will adopt the direct expense method of accounting for these costs in 2007 with no impact on its annual consolidated financial statements.
ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES. In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and transition, and significantly expands income tax disclosure requirements. It applies to all tax positions accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 109 and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. International Paper will apply the provisions of this interpretation beginning in the first quarter of 2007, and currently estimates that the cumulative effect of its initial application on beginning of the year retained earnings will be a charge of approximately $75 million, which is subject to revision as management completes its analysis.
ACCOUNTING FOR CERTAIN HYBRID FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS. In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments an Amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140, which provides entities with relief from having to separately determine the fair value of an embedded derivative that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated from its host contract in accordance with SFAS No. 133. This statement allows an entity to make an irrevocable
38
election to measure such a hybrid financial instrument at fair value in its entirety, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. This statement is effective for all financial instruments acquired, issued, or subject to a remeasurement event occurring after the beginning of an entitys first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. International Paper believes that the adoption of SFAS No. 155 in 2007 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
ACCOUNTING CHANGES AND ERROR CORRECTIONS. In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, which changes the requirements for the accounting and reporting of a change in accounting principle. SFAS No. 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. This statement does not change the transition provisions of any existing accounting pronouncements, including those that are in a transition phase as of the effective date of the statement.
ACCOUNTING FOR CONDITIONAL ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS. In March 2005, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations. This interpretation clarifies that the term conditional asset retirement obligation, as used in FASB Statement No. 143, refers to the fact that a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity is unconditional even though uncertainty exists about the timing and (or) method of settlement. Uncertainty about the timing and (or) method of settlement of a conditional asset retirement obligation should be factored into the measurement of the liability when sufficient information exists to make a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the obligation. International Paper adopted the provisions of this interpretation in the fourth quarter of 2005 with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
The Companys principal conditional asset retirement obligations relate to the potential future closure or redesign of certain of its production facilities. In connection with any such activity, it is possible that the Company may be required to take steps to remove certain materials from the facilities, or to remediate in accordance with federal and state laws that govern the handling of certain hazardous or potentially hazardous materials. Applicable regulations and standards provide that the removal of certain materials would only be required if the facility were to be demolished or underwent major renovations. At this time, any such obligations have an
indeterminate settlement date, and the Company believes that adequate information does not exist to apply an expected-present-value technique to estimate any such potential obligations. Accordingly, the Company does not record a liability for such remediation until a decision is made that allows reasonable estimation of the timing of such remediation.
IMPLICIT VARIABLE INTERESTS. In March 2005, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) FIN 46(R)-5, Implicit Variable Interests Under FASB Interpretation No. 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. This FSP states that implicit variable interests are implied financial interests in an entity that change with changes in the fair value of the entitys net assets exclusive of variable interests. An implicit variable interest acts the same as an explicit variable interest except it involves the absorbing and (or) receiving of variability indirectly from the entity (rather than directly). The identification of an implicit variable interest is a matter of judgment that depends on the relevant facts and circumstances. International Paper applied the provisions of FSP FIN 46(R)-5 in the second quarter of 2005, with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
ACCOUNTING FOR INCOME TAXES. In December 2004, the FASB issued FSP Financial Accounting Standards 109-1 and 109-2 relating to the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the Act). The Act provides for a special one-time deduction of 85% of certain foreign earnings that are repatriated. In 2005, International Paper repatriated $2.1 billion in cash from certain of its foreign subsidiaries, including amounts eligible for this special deduction. International Paper recorded income tax expenses associated with these cash repatriations totaling approximately $142 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.
SHARE-BASED PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS. In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, that requires compensation costs related to share-based payment transactions to be recognized in the financial statements. The amount of the compensation cost is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. In addition, liability awards are remeasured each reporting period. Compensation cost is recognized over the period that an employee provides service in exchange for the award. This statement applies to all awards granted after the required effective date and to awards modified, repurchased, or cancelled after
39
that date. International Paper adopted SFAS No. 123(R) in the first quarter of 2006 with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
EXCHANGES OF NONMONETARY ASSETS. In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets, an Amendment of APB Opinion No. 29, that replaces the exception from fair value measurement in APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions, for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets with a general exception from fair value measurement for exchanges of nonmonetary assets that do not have commercial substance. A nonmonetary exchange has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity are expected to change significantly as a result of the exchange. International Paper applied the provisions of SFAS No. 153 prospectively in the first quarter of 2006, with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
INVENTORY COSTS. In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, Inventory Costs, an Amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4. This statement requires that abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs and wasted material be recognized as current-period charges. This statement also introduces the concept of normal capacity and requires the allocation of fixed production overhead to inventory based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. Unallocated overhead must be recognized as an expense in the period in which it is incurred. International Paper adopted SFAS No. 151 in the first quarter of 2006, with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
ACCOUNTING FOR MEDICARE BENEFITS. In May 2004, the FASB issued FSP FAS 106-2, Accounting and Disclosure Requirements Related to the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003, that provides guidance on the accounting and required disclosures for the effects of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. International Paper adopted FSP FAS 106-2 prospectively in the third quarter of 2004.
Environmental Matters
International Paper is subject to extensive federal and state environmental regulations as well as similar regulations in all other jurisdictions in which we
operate. Our continuing objectives are to: (1) control emissions and discharges from our facilities into the air, water and groundwater to avoid adverse impacts on the environment, (2) make continual improvements in environmental performance, and (3) maintain 100% compliance with applicable laws and regulations. A total of $161 million was spent in 2006 for capital projects to control environmental releases into the air and water, and to assure environmentally sound management and disposal of waste. We expect to spend approximately $35 million in 2007 for similar capital projects, including the costs to comply with the Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) Cluster Rule and Industrial Boiler MACT regulations. Amounts to be spent for environmental control projects in future years will depend on new laws and regulations and changes in legal requirements and environmental concerns. Taking these uncertainties into account, our preliminary estimate for additional environmental appropriations during the year 2008 is approximately $27 million, and during the year 2009 is approximately $30 million. This reduced capital forecast for 2007, 2008 and 2009 reflects the reduction in Cluster Rule spending and completion of significant environmental improvement projects in Brazil, which accounted for $65 million and $57 million of the 2006 spending, respectively.
On April 15, 1998, the EPA issued final Cluster Rule regulations that established new requirements regarding air emissions and wastewater discharges from pulp and paper mills to be met by 2007. The projected costs included in our spending estimate related to the Cluster Rule regulations for the year 2007 are $6 million. The projected costs associated with Industrial Boiler MACT regulations, that were issued by the EPA on September 30, 2006 are $6 million.
The EPA is continuing the development of new programs and standards such as additional wastewater discharge allocations, water intake structure requirements and national ambient air quality standards. When regulatory requirements for new and changing standards are finalized, we will add any resulting future cost requirements to our expenditure forecast.
International Paper has been named as a potentially responsible party in environmental remediation actions under various federal and state laws, including the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). Most of these proceedings involve the cleanup of hazardous
40
substances at large commercial landfills that received waste from many different sources. While joint and several liability is authorized under CERCLA and equivalent state laws, as a practical matter, liability for CERCLA cleanups is allocated among the many potential responsible parties. Based upon previous experience with respect to cleanup of hazardous substances and on presently available information, International Paper believes that its liability is not likely to be significant at 41 such sites and that its liability at 46 sites is likely to be significant, but not material to International Papers consolidated financial statements. Related costs are recorded in the financial statements when they are probable and reasonably estimable. International Paper believes that the probable liability associated with these 87 matters is approximately $40 million.
In addition to the above proceedings, other remediation costs, typically associated with the cleanup of hazardous substances at International Papers current or former facilities, are recorded as liabilities in the balance sheet and totaled approximately $49 million. Completion of these actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.
As of February 2007, there were no other pending judicial proceedings brought by government authorities against International Paper for alleged violations of applicable environmental laws or regulations.
International Paper is involved in other contractual disputes, administrative and legal proceedings and investigations of various types. While any litigation, proceeding or investigation has an element of uncertainty, we believe that the outcome of any proceeding, lawsuit or claim that is pending or threatened, or all of them combined, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.
Litigation
We routinely assess the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes of our litigation matters, as well as ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount of the reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is based largely on those assessments. Ultimately, however, the determination of any reserve balance is based on good faith estimates and judgments which, given the unpredictable nature of litigation, could prove to be inaccurate. As a result, the reserve amounts in any given matter may change at any time in the future due to new unexpected developments. Analysis of our significant litigation activity is discussed below, and
further details of these and other litigation matters are discussed in Note 10 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Antitrust Matters
In recent years, several antitrust class action lawsuits were filed against companies in our industry. The Company was named as a defendant in some of those lawsuits, but has reached favorable settlements after protracted litigation.
Current management has a strong commitment to antitrust compliance. This is evidenced by the Companys adoption of a Code of Business Ethics which applies to employees and executives alike, and robust systems to ensure compliance with antitrust laws, regulations and our own policies. We place a very high priority on training our employees on current antitrust laws around the world and proper conduct under those laws. In this effort, we employ both live and on-line training programs, and distribute the Companys Antitrust Compliance Manual. In addition, the Company has a toll-free hotline which enables employees to make anonymous reports about suspected violation of law or Company policy. This reporting system is also available to the general public with access information publicized on our Internet site. We believe that these efforts, together with strong leadership about the importance of compliance, will minimize the Companys exposure in this area.
While inflationary increases in certain input costs, such as energy, wood fiber and chemical costs, have an impact on the Companys operating results, changes in general inflation have had minimal impact on our operating results in each of the last three years. Sales prices and volumes are more strongly influenced by supply and demand factors in specific markets and by exchange rate fluctuations than by inflationary factors.
International Paper has operations in a number of countries. Its operations in those countries export to, and compete with imports from, other regions. As such, currency movements can have a number of direct and indirect impacts on the Companys financial statements. Direct impacts include the translation of international operations local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars. Indirect impacts include the change in competitive -
41
ness of imports into, and exports out of, the United States (and the impact on local currency pricing of products that are traded internationally). In general, a lower U.S. dollar and stronger local currency is beneficial to International Paper. The currencies that have the most impact are the Euro, the Brazilian real, the Polish zloty and the Russian ruble.
We use financial instruments, including fixed and variable rate debt, to finance operations, for capital spending programs and for general corporate purposes. Additionally, financial instruments, including various derivative contracts, are used to hedge exposures to interest rate, commodity and foreign currency risks. We do not use financial instruments for trading purposes. Information related to International Papers debt obligations is included in Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. A discussion of derivatives and hedging activities is included in Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The fair value of our debt and financial instruments varies due to changes in market interest and foreign currency rates and commodity prices since the inception of the related instruments. We assess this market risk utilizing a sensitivity analysis. The sensitivity analysis measures the potential loss in earnings, fair values and cash flows based on a hypothetical 10% change (increase and decrease) in interest and currency rates and commodity prices.
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to short- and long-term debt obligations and investments in marketable securities. We invest in investment-grade securities of financial institutions and industrial companies and limit exposure to any one issuer. Our investments in marketable securities at December 31, 2006 are stated at cost, which approximates market due to their short-term nature. Our interest rate risk exposure related to these investments was immaterial.
We issue fixed and floating rate debt in a proportion consistent with International Papers optimal capital structure, while at the same time taking advantage of market opportunities to reduce interest expense as appropriate. Derivative instruments, such as interest rate swaps, may be used to implement the optimal capital structure. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the
net fair value liability of financial instruments with exposure to interest rate risk was approximately $3.8 billion and $8.6 billion, respectively. The potential loss in fair value resulting from a 10% adverse shift in quoted interest rates would have been approximately $133 million and $326 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Commodity Price Risk
The objective of our commodity exposure management is to minimize volatility in earnings due to large fluctuations in the price of commodities. Commodity swap and option contracts have been used to manage risks associated with market fluctuations in energy prices. At December 31, 2006, the net fair value of such outstanding energy hedge contracts was approximately a $12 million liability. At December 31, 2005, the net fair value of such outstanding energy hedge contracts was immaterial. The potential loss in fair value resulting from a 10% adverse change in the underlying commodity prices would have been approximately $10 million for December 31, 2006.
Foreign Currency Risk
International Paper transacts business in many currencies and is also subject to currency exchange rate risk through investments and businesses owned and operated in foreign countries. Our objective in managing the associated foreign currency risks is to minimize the effect of adverse exchange rate fluctuations on our after-tax cash flows. We address these risks on a limited basis through financing a portion of our investments in overseas operations with borrowings denominated in the same currency as the operations functional currency, or by entering into cross-currency and interest rate swaps, or foreign exchange contracts. At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the net fair value of financial instruments with exposure to foreign currency risk was approximately a $95 million asset and a $211 million liability, respectively. The potential loss in fair value for such financial instruments from a 10% adverse change in quoted foreign currency exchange rates would have been approximately $43 million and $20 million at December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
See the discussion under Item 7. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations on page 42, and under Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in Note 13 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements on pages 77 through 79.
42
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
INFORMATION BY INDUSTRY SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC AREA
International Papers industry segments, Printing Papers, Industrial Packaging, Consumer Packaging, Distribution, Forest Products and Specialty Businesses and Other, are consistent with the internal structure used to manage these businesses. All segments are differentiated on a common product, common customer basis consistent with the business segmentation generally used in the Forest Products industry.
For management purposes, International Paper reports the operating performance of each business based on earnings before interest and income taxes (EBIT) excluding special and extraordinary items, gains or losses on sales of businesses and cumulative effects of accounting changes. Intersegment sales and transfers are recorded at current market prices.
External Sales by Major Product is determined by aggregating sales from each segment based on similar products or services. External sales are defined as those that are made to parties outside International Papers consolidated group, whereas sales by segment in the Net Sales table are determined by the management approach and include intersegment sales.
Prior-year industry segment information has been restated to conform to the 2006 management structure and to reflect the Kraft Papers, Brazilian Coated Papers, Beverage Packaging, Wood Products, Carter Holt Harvey Limited and Weldwood of Canada Limited businesses as discontinued operations.
INFORMATION BY INDUSTRY SEGMENT
NET SALES
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 6,930 | $ | 7,170 | $ | 7,135 | ||||||
Industrial Packaging |
4,925 | 4,625 | 4,545 | |||||||||
Consumer Packaging |
2,455 | 2,245 | 2,295 | |||||||||
Distribution |
6,785 | 6,380 | 6,065 | |||||||||
Forest Products |
765 | 995 | 875 | |||||||||
Specialty Businesses and Other (a) |
935 | 915 | 1,120 | |||||||||
Corporate and Intersegment Sales |
(800 | ) | (630 | ) | (1,314 | ) | ||||||
Net Sales |
$ | 21,995 | $ | 21,700 | $ | 20,721 |
OPERATING PROFIT
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 677 | $ | 473 | $ | 508 | ||||||
Industrial Packaging |
399 | 219 | 373 | |||||||||
Consumer Packaging |
131 | 121 | 155 | |||||||||
Distribution |
128 | 84 | 87 | |||||||||
Forest Products |
678 | 721 | 542 | |||||||||
Specialty Businesses and Other (a) |
61 | 4 | 38 | |||||||||
Operating Profit |
2,074 | 1,622 | 1,703 | |||||||||
Interest expense, net |
(521 | ) | (595 | ) | (712 | ) | ||||||
Minority interest (b) |
8 | | 3 | |||||||||
Corporate items, net |
(746 | ) | (607 | ) | (477 | ) | ||||||
Restructuring and other charges |
(300 | ) | (285 | ) | (164 | ) | ||||||
Insurance recoveries |
19 | 258 | 123 | |||||||||
Gain on sale of forestlands |
4,788 | | | |||||||||
Impairments of goodwill |
(759 | ) | | | ||||||||
Net losses on sales and impairments of businesses |
(1,381 | ) | (111 | ) | (135 | ) | ||||||
Reversals of reserves no longer required |
6 | 4 | 35 | |||||||||
Earnings From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes, Minority Interest and Cumulative Effect of Accounting Changes |
$ | 3,188 | $ | 286 | $ | 376 |
RESTRUCTURING AND OTHER CHARGES (c)
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 54 | $ | 184 | $ | 7 | |||
Industrial Packaging |
7 | 14 | 7 | ||||||
Consumer Packaging |
9 | 2 | 5 | ||||||
Distribution |
10 | 4 | 7 | ||||||
Forest Products |
15 | 12 | 5 | ||||||
Specialty Businesses and Other (a) |
| 13 | 11 | ||||||
Corporate |
205 | 111 | 122 | ||||||
Restructuring and Other Charges |
$ | 300 | $ | 340 | $ | 164 |
43
ASSETS
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 7,961 | $ | 8,146 | $ | 8,321 | |||
Industrial Packaging |
4,244 | 4,042 | 3,954 | ||||||
Consumer Packaging |
2,578 | 2,420 | 2,454 | ||||||
Distribution |
1,596 | 1,624 | 1,515 | ||||||
Forest Products |
274 | 2,234 | 2,375 | ||||||
Specialty Businesses and Other (a) |
498 | 652 | 652 | ||||||
Corporate and other (d) |
6,883 | 9,653 | 14,946 | ||||||
Assets |
$ | 24,034 | $ | 28,771 | $ | 34,217 |
CAPITAL SPENDING
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 537 | $ | 592 | $ | 453 | |||
Industrial Packaging |
257 | 180 | 161 | ||||||
Consumer Packaging |
116 | 126 | 198 | ||||||
Distribution |
6 | 9 | 5 | ||||||
Forest Products |
72 | 66 | 76 | ||||||
Specialty Businesses and Other (a) |
| | | ||||||
Subtotal |
988 | 973 | 893 | ||||||
Corporate and other |
21 | 19 | 32 | ||||||
Total from Continuing Operations |
$ | 1,009 | $ | 992 | $ | 925 |
DEPRECIATION AND AMORTIZATION (e)
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 500 | $ | 677 | $ | 691 | |||
Industrial Packaging |
233 | 218 | 219 | ||||||
Consumer Packaging |
212 | 152 | 150 | ||||||
Distribution |
18 | 19 | 17 | ||||||
Forest Products |
45 | 51 | 61 | ||||||
Specialty Businesses and Other (a) |
24 | 31 | 27 | ||||||
Corporate |
126 | 126 | 97 | ||||||
Depreciation and Amortization |
$ | 1,158 | $ | 1,274 | $ | 1,262 |
EXTERNAL SALES BY MAJOR PRODUCT
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 6,060 | $ | 6,435 | $ | 5,961 | |||
Industrial Packaging |
5,111 | 4,591 | 4,334 | ||||||
Consumer Packaging |
2,638 | 2,379 | 2,407 | ||||||
Distribution |
6,743 | 6,389 | 6,306 | ||||||
Forest Products |
676 | 1,205 | 1,037 | ||||||
Other (f) |
767 | 701 | 676 | ||||||
Net Sales |
$ | 21,995 | $ | 21,700 | $ | 20,721 |
INFORMATION BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA
NET SALES (g)
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
United States (h) |
$ | 17,811 | $ | 17,934 | $ | 16,915 | |||
Europe |
3,030 | 2,809 | 3,056 | ||||||
Pacific Rim |
308 | 169 | 58 | ||||||
Americas, other than U.S. |
846 | 788 | 692 | ||||||
Net Sales |
$ | 21,995 | $ | 21,700 | $ | 20,721 |
EUROPEAN SALES BY INDUSTRY SEGMENT
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 1,440 | $ | 1,364 | $ | 1,370 | |||
Industrial Packaging |
1,001 | 851 | 869 | ||||||
Consumer Packaging |
18 | 21 | 22 | ||||||
Distribution |
1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
Specialty Businesses and Other (a) |
570 | 572 | 793 | ||||||
European Sales |
$ | 3,030 | $ | 2,809 | $ | 3,056 |
LONG-LIVED ASSETS (i)
In millions | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
United States |
$ | 6,837 | $ | 8,776 | $ | 9,229 | |||
Europe |
1,481 | 1,408 | 1,416 | ||||||
Pacific Rim |
214 | 90 | 61 | ||||||
Americas, other than U.S. |
574 | 644 | 507 | ||||||
Corporate |
146 | 282 | 288 | ||||||
Long-Lived Assets |
$ | 9,252 | $ | 11,200 | $ | 11,501 |
(a) | Includes Arizona Chemical and certain other smaller businesses identified in the Companys divestiture program. |
(b) | Operating profits for industry segments include each segments percentage share of the profits of subsidiaries included in that segment that are less than wholly-owned. The pre-tax minority interest for these subsidiaries is added here to present consolidated earnings from continuing operations before income taxes, minority interest, extraordinary items, and cumulative effect of accounting changes. |
(c) | Includes $55 million of charges in 2005 that were recorded in business segment operating profits. |
(d) | Includes corporate assets and assets of discontinued operations. |
(e) | Includes cost of timber harvested. |
(f) | Includes sales of products not included in our major product lines. |
(g) | Net sales are attributed to countries based on location of seller. |
(h) | Export sales to unaffiliated customers were $1.4 billion in 2006, $1.5 billion in 2005 and $1.5 billion in 2004. |
(i) | Long-Lived Assets includes Forestlands and Plants, Properties and Equipment, net. |
44
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The management of International Paper Company is responsible for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements in this annual report and for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared using accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America considered appropriate in the circumstances to present fairly the Companys consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows on a consistent basis. Management has also prepared the other information in this annual report and is responsible for its accuracy and consistency with the consolidated financial statements.
As can be expected in a complex and dynamic business environment, some financial statement amounts are based on estimates and judgments. Even though estimates and judgments are used, measures have been taken to provide reasonable assurance of the integrity and reliability of the financial information contained in this annual report. We have formed a Disclosure Committee to oversee this process.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been audited by the independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP. During their audits, Deloitte & Touche LLP was given unrestricted access to all financial records and related data, including minutes of all meetings of stockholders and the board of directors and all committees of the board. Management believes that all representations made to the independent auditors during their audits were valid and appropriate.
INTERNAL CONTROLS OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The management of International Paper Company is also responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting including the safeguarding of assets against unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition. These controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance to management and the board of directors regarding preparation of reliable published financial statements and such asset safeguarding. All internal control systems have inherent limitations, including the possibility of circumvention and overriding of controls, and therefore can provide only reasonable assurance as to such financial statement preparation and asset safeguarding. The system is supported by
written policies and procedures, contains self-monitoring mechanisms, and is audited by the internal audit function.
The Company has assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006. In making this assessment, it used the criteria described in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on this assessment, management believes that, as of December 31, 2006, the Companys internal control over financial reporting is effective.
The Companys independent registered public accounting firm, Deloitte & Touche LLP, have issued their report on managements assessment and a report on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting. The report appears on page 48.
INTERNAL CONTROL ENVIRONMENT AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS OVERSIGHT
Our internal control environment includes an enterprise-wide attitude of integrity and control consciousness that establishes a positive tone at the top. This is exemplified by our ethics program that includes long-standing principles and policies on ethical business conduct that require employees to maintain the highest ethical and legal standards in the conduct of International Paper business, which have been distributed to all employees; a toll-free telephone helpline whereby any employee may anonymously report suspected violations of law or International Papers policy; and an office of ethics and business practice. The internal control system further includes careful selection and training of supervisory and management personnel, appropriate delegation of authority and division of responsibility, dissemination of accounting and business policies throughout International Paper, and an extensive program of internal audits. When deficiencies are identified by these internal control activities, appropriate corrective actions are taken by management.
The Board of Directors, assisted by the Audit and Finance Committee (Committee), monitors the integrity of the Companys financial statements and financial reporting procedures, the performance of the Companys internal audit function and independent auditors, and other matters set forth in its charter. The Committee, which currently consists of five independent directors, meets regularly with
45
representatives of management, and with the independent auditors and the Internal Auditor, with and without management representatives in attendance, to review their activities. The Committees Charter takes into account the New York Stock Exchange rules relating to Audit Committees and the SEC rules and regulations promulgated as a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Committee has reviewed and discussed the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006, including critical accounting policies and significant management judgments, with management and the independent auditors. The Committees report
recommending the inclusion of such financial statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K will be set forth in our Proxy Statement.
JOHN V. FARACI
CHAIRMAN AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
MARIANNE M. PARRS
EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
46
REPORT OF DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP, INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM, ON CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
To the Shareholders of International Paper Company:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of International Paper Company and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the related consolidated statements of operations, changes in shareholders equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Companys management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of International Paper Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2006 and 2005, and the results of their operations and their cash
flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2006, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As discussed in Notes 4, 15 and 16 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R), effective December 31, 2006. As discussed in Notes 1, 4 and 17 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (R), Share-Based Payment, effective January 1, 2006.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on the criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 26, 2007 expressed an unqualified opinion on managements assessment of the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting and an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting.
Memphis, Tennessee
February 26, 2007
47
REPORT OF DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP, INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM, ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
To the Shareholders of International Paper Company:
We have audited managements assessment, included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Controls over Financial Reporting, that International Paper Company and subsidiaries (the Company) maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Companys management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on managements assessment and an opinion on the effectiveness of the Companys internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, evaluating managements assessment, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinions.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the companys principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, and effected by the companys board of directors, management, and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A companys internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions
are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the companys assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.
Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, managements assessment that the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, is fairly stated, in all material respects, based on the criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006, based on the criteria established in Internal Control Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2006 of the Company and our report dated February 26, 2007 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements and included an explanatory paragraph regarding the Companys adoption of new accounting standards.
Memphis, Tennessee
February 26, 2007
48
International Paper
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
In millions, except per share amounts, for the years ended December 31 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||
NET SALES |
$ | 21,995 | $ | 21,700 | $ | 20,721 | ||||||
COSTS AND EXPENSES |
||||||||||||
Cost of products sold |
16,248 | 16,334 | 15,204 | |||||||||
Selling and administrative expenses |
1,848 | 1,784 | 1,817 | |||||||||
Depreciation, amortization and cost of timber harvested |
1,158 | 1,274 | 1,262 | |||||||||
Distribution expenses |
1,075 | 1,025 | 985 | |||||||||
Taxes other than payroll and income taxes |
215 | 213 | 220 | |||||||||
Restructuring and other charges |
300 | 340 | 164 | |||||||||
Insurance recoveries |
(19 | ) | (258 | ) | (123 | ) | ||||||
Gain on sale of forestlands (Note 7) |
(4,788 | ) | | | ||||||||
Impairments of goodwill (Note 11) |
759 | | | |||||||||
Net losses on sales and impairments of businesses |
1,496 | 111 | 139 | |||||||||
Reversals of reserves no longer required, net |
(6 | ) | (4 | ) | (35 | ) | ||||||
Interest expense, net |
521 | 595 | 712 | |||||||||
EARNINGS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS BEFORE INCOME TAXES AND MINORITY INTEREST |
3,188 | 286 | 376 | |||||||||
Income tax provision (benefit) |
1,889 | (407 | ) | 114 | ||||||||
Minority interest expense, net of taxes |
17 | 9 | 24 | |||||||||
EARNINGS FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS |
1,282 | 684 | 238 | |||||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes and minority interest |
(232 | ) | 416 | (273 | ) | |||||||
NET EARNINGS (LOSS) |
$ | 1,050 | $ | 1,100 | $ | (35 | ) | |||||
BASIC EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE |
||||||||||||
Earnings from continuing operations |
$ | 2.69 | $ | 1.41 | $ | 0.49 | ||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes and minority interest |
(0.48 | ) | 0.85 | (0.56 | ) | |||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
$ | 2.21 | $ | 2.26 | $ | (0.07 | ) | |||||
DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE |
||||||||||||
Earnings from continuing operations |
$ | 2.65 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 0.49 | ||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes and minority interest |
(0.47 | ) | 0.81 | (0.56 | ) | |||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
$ | 2.18 | $ | 2.21 | $ | (0.07 | ) |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
49
International Paper
In millions at December 31 | 2006 | 2005 | ||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current Assets |
||||||||
Cash and temporary investments |
$ | 1,624 | $ | 1,641 | ||||
Accounts and notes receivable, less allowances of $85 in 2006 and $94 in 2005 |
2,704 | 2,416 | ||||||
Inventories |
1,909 | 1,932 | ||||||
Assets of businesses held for sale |
1,778 | 5,382 | ||||||
Deferred income tax assets |
490 | 278 | ||||||
Other current assets |
132 | 110 | ||||||
Total Current Assets |
8,637 | 11,759 | ||||||
Plants, Properties and Equipment, net |
8,993 | 9,073 | ||||||
Forestlands |
259 | 2,127 | ||||||
Investments |
641 | 616 | ||||||
Goodwill |
2,929 | 3,621 | ||||||
Assets Held for Exchange (Note 18) |
1,324 | | ||||||
Deferred Charges and Other Assets |
1,251 | 1,575 | ||||||
Total Assets |
$ | 24,034 | $ | 28,771 | ||||
LIABILITIES AND COMMON SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY |
||||||||
Current Liabilities |
||||||||
Notes payable and current maturities of long-term debt |
$ | 692 | $ | 1,178 | ||||
Accounts payable |
1,907 | 1,771 | ||||||
Accrued payroll and benefits |
466 | 351 | ||||||
Liabilities of businesses held for sale |
333 | 621 | ||||||
Other accrued liabilities |
1,243 | 1,034 | ||||||
Total Current Liabilities |
4,641 | 4,955 | ||||||
Long-Term Debt |
6,531 | 11,019 | ||||||
Deferred Income Taxes |
2,233 | 684 | ||||||
Other Liabilities |
2,453 | 3,577 | ||||||
Minority Interest |
213 | 185 | ||||||
Commitments and Contingent Liabilities (Note 10) |
||||||||
Common Shareholders Equity |
||||||||
Common stock, $1 par value, 2006-493.3 shares, 2005-490.5 shares |
493 | 491 | ||||||
Paid-in capital |
6,735 | 6,627 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
3,737 | 3,172 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(1,564 | ) | (1,935 | ) | ||||
9,401 | 8,355 | |||||||
Less: Common stock held in treasury, at cost, 2006-39.8 shares and 2005-0.1 shares |
1,438 | 4 | ||||||
Total Common Shareholders Equity |
7,963 | 8,351 | ||||||
Total Liabilities and Common Shareholders Equity |
$ | 24,034 | $ | 28,771 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
50
International Paper
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
In millions for the years ended December 31 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
||||||||||||
Net earnings (loss) |
$ | 1,050 | $ | 1,100 | $ | (35 | ) | |||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes and minority interest |
232 | (416 | ) | 273 | ||||||||
Earnings from continuing operations |
1,282 | 684 | 238 | |||||||||
Depreciation, amortization and cost of timber harvested |
1,158 | 1,274 | 1,262 | |||||||||
Tax benefit non-cash settlement of tax audits |
| (627 | ) | | ||||||||
Deferred income tax provision (benefit), net |
1,619 | (29 | ) | (82 | ) | |||||||
Restructuring and other charges |
300 | 340 | 164 | |||||||||
Insurance recoveries |
(19 | ) | (258 | ) | (123 | ) | ||||||
Payments related to restructuring and legal reserves |
(79 | ) | (184 | ) | (220 | ) | ||||||
Reversals of reserves no longer required, net |
(6 | ) | (4 | ) | (35 | ) | ||||||
Periodic pension expense, net |
377 | 243 | 111 | |||||||||
Proceeds on Maine timberlands transaction |
| | 242 | |||||||||
Net losses on sales and impairments of businesses held for sale |
1,496 | 111 | 139 | |||||||||
Gain on sales of forestlands |
(4,788 | ) | | | ||||||||
Impairment of goodwill |
759 | | | |||||||||
Other, net |
265 | 230 | 147 | |||||||||
Voluntary pension plan contribution |
(1,000 | ) | | | ||||||||
Changes in current assets and liabilities |
||||||||||||
Accounts and notes receivable |
(39 | ) | 59 | (39 | ) | |||||||
Inventories |
(43 | ) | 8 | (84 | ) | |||||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
(202 | ) | (634 | ) | 57 | |||||||
Other |
(70 | ) | 9 | (51 | ) | |||||||
Cash provided by operations continuing operations |
1,010 | 1,222 | 1,726 | |||||||||
Cash provided by operations discontinued operations |
213 | 288 | 662 | |||||||||
Cash Provided by Operations |
1,223 | 1,510 | 2,388 | |||||||||
INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES |
||||||||||||
Invested in capital projects |
||||||||||||
Continuing operations |
(1,009 | ) | (992 | ) | (925 | ) | ||||||
Businesses sold and held for sale |
(64 | ) | (103 | ) | (194 | ) | ||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
(103 | ) | (116 | ) | (186 | ) | ||||||
Net proceeds from divestitures |
1,833 | 1,440 | 867 | |||||||||
Net proceeds from sales of forestlands |
1,635 | | | |||||||||
Cash deposit for asset exchange |
(1,137 | ) | | | ||||||||
Other |
(48 | ) | 99 | 364 | ||||||||
Cash provided by (used for) investment activities continuing operations |
1,107 | 328 | (74 | ) | ||||||||
Cash (used for) provided by investment activities discontinued operations |
(73 | ) | (321 | ) | 129 | |||||||
Cash Provided by Investment Activities |
1,034 | 7 | 55 | |||||||||
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |
||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock |
32 | 23 | 164 | |||||||||
Repurchases of common stock |
(1,433 | ) | | | ||||||||
Issuance of debt |
223 | 968 | 2,536 | |||||||||
Reduction of debt |
(5,391 | ) | (2,669 | ) | (4,217 | ) | ||||||
Monetization of Timber Notes (Note 8) |
4,850 | | | |||||||||
Change in book overdrafts |
10 | 4 | (145 | ) | ||||||||
Dividends paid |
(485 | ) | (490 | ) | (485 | ) | ||||||
Other |
(131 | ) | (39 | ) | (80 | ) | ||||||
Cash used for financing activities continuing operations |
(2,325 | ) | (2,203 | ) | (2,227 | ) | ||||||
Cash provided by (used for) financing activities discontinued operations |
21 | (174 | ) | (208 | ) | |||||||
Cash Used For Financing Activities |
(2,304 | ) | (2,377 | ) | (2,435 | ) | ||||||
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash - Continuing Operations |
29 | (90 | ) | 110 | ||||||||
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash - Discontinued Operations |
1 | (5 | ) | 115 | ||||||||
Change in Cash and Temporary Investments |
(17 | ) | (955 | ) | 233 | |||||||
Cash and Temporary Investments |
||||||||||||
Beginning of the period |
1,641 | 2,596 | 2,363 | |||||||||
End of the period |
1,624 | 1,641 | 2,596 | |||||||||
Less - Cash, End of Year Discontinued Operations |
| | (416 | ) | ||||||||
Cash, End of Year Continuing Operations |
$ | 1,624 | $ | 1,641 | $ | 2,180 |
Note: Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for comparative purposes to conform to current year presentation of discontinued operations.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
51
International Paper
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN COMMON SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
In millions, except shares in thousands and per share amounts |
Common Stock Issued |
Paid-in Capital |
Retained Earnings |
Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss)(1) |
Treasury Stock | Total Shareholders' Equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2004 |
485,162 | $ | 485 | $ | 6,500 | $ | 3,082 | $ | (1,690 | ) | 3,668 | $ | 140 | $ | 8,237 | ||||||||||||
Issuance of stock for various plans, net |
2,333 | 2 | 62 | | | (3,652 | ) | (140 | ) | 204 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends - Common stock ($1.00 per share) |
| | | (485 | ) | | | | (485 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss): |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
| | | (35 | ) | | | | (35 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. plans (less tax of $20) |
| | | | 33 | | | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. plans (less tax of $5) |
| | | | 1 | | | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment (less tax of $17) |
| | | | 255 | | | 255 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net gains on cash flow hedging derivatives: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gain arising during the period (less tax of $19) |
| | | | 70 | | | 70 | |||||||||||||||||||
Less: Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (less tax of $13) |
| | | | (26 | ) | | | (26 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
298 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2004 |
487,495 | 487 | 6,562 | 2,562 | (1,357 | ) | 16 | | 8,254 | ||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of stock for various plans, net |
3,006 | 4 | 65 | | | 96 | 4 | 65 | |||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends - Common stock ($1.00 per share) |
| | | (490 | ) | | | | (490 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss): |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net earnings |
| | | 1,100 | | | | 1,100 | |||||||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. plans (less tax of $189) |
| | | | (304 | ) | | | (304 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. plans (less tax of $5) |
| | | | (1 | ) | | | (1 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment (less tax of $22) |
| | | | (251 | ) | | | (251 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Net gains on cash flow hedging derivatives: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gain arising during the period (less tax of $14) |
| | | | 46 | | | 46 | |||||||||||||||||||
Less: Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (less tax of $30) |
| | | | (68 | ) | | | (68 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
522 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2005 |
490,501 | 491 | 6,627 | 3,172 | (1,935 | ) | 112 | 4 | 8,351 | ||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of stock for various plans, net |
2,839 | 2 | 108 | | | 46 | 1 | 109 | |||||||||||||||||||
Repurchase of stock |
| | | | | 39,686 | 1,433 | (1,433 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends - Common stock ($1.00 per share) |
| | | (485 | ) | | | | (485 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income (loss): |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net earnings |
| | | 1,050 | | | | 1,050 | |||||||||||||||||||
Minimum pension liability adjustment: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
U.S. plans (less tax of $309) |
| | | | 496 | | | 496 | |||||||||||||||||||
Non-U.S. plans (less tax of $6) |
| | | | 15 | | | 15 | |||||||||||||||||||
Change in cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment (less tax of $11) |
| | | | 220 | | | 220 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net gains on cash flow hedging derivatives: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net gain arising during the period (less tax of $0) |
| | | | 2 | | | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
Less: Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (less tax of $0) |
| | | | (12 | ) | | | (12 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive income |
1,771 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Effect of adoption of SFAS No. 158 (less tax of $309) |
| | | | (350 | ) | | | (350 | ) | |||||||||||||||||
BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 2006 |
493,340 | $ | 493 | $ | 6,735 | $ | 3,737 | $ | (1,564 | ) | 39,844 | $ | 1,438 | $ | 7,963 |
(1) The cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment (in millions) was $(60), $(280) and $(29) at December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and is included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
52
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTE 1 SUMMARY OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
NATURE OF OUR BUSINESS
International Paper (the Company) is a global forest products, paper and packaging company that is complemented by an extensive North American merchant distribution system, with primary markets and manufacturing operations in the United States, Europe, South America and Asia. Substantially all of our businesses have experienced, and are likely to continue to experience, cycles relating to available industry capacity and general economic conditions.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
These financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States that require the use of managements estimates. Actual results could differ from managements estimates.
CONSOLIDATION
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of International Paper and its wholly-owned, controlled majority-owned and financially controlled subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated.
Investments in affiliated companies where the Company has significant influence over their operations are accounted for by the equity method. International Papers share of affiliates earnings totaled $38 million, $15 million and $14 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
TRANSFORMATION PLAN
In July 2005, International Paper announced a plan (the Transformation Plan) to focus its business portfolio on two key global platform businesses: Uncoated Papers (including Distribution) and Packaging. The Transformation Plans other elements included exploration of strategic options for other businesses, returning value to shareholders, strengthening the balance sheet, selective reinvestment to strengthen the paper and packaging businesses both globally and in North America, and on improving profitability by targeting $1.2 billion of non-price improvements over a three-year period. Actions taken in 2006 and 2005 to implement the Transformation Plan are discussed in these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue is recognized when the customer takes title and assumes the risks and rewards of ownership. Revenue is recorded at the time of shipment for terms designated f.o.b. (free on board) shipping point. For sales transactions designated f.o.b. destination, revenue is recorded when the product is delivered to the customers delivery site, when title and risk of loss are transferred. Timber and timberland sales revenue is generally recognized when title and risk of loss pass to the buyer.
SHIPPING AND HANDLING COSTS
Shipping and handling costs, such as freight to our customers destinations, are included in distribution expenses in the consolidated statement of operations. When shipping and handling costs are included in the sales price charged for our products, they are recognized in net sales.
ANNUAL MAINTENANCE COSTS
Annual maintenance costs for major planned maintenance shutdowns (in excess of $1 million) are expensed ratably over the year in which the maintenance shutdowns occur since the Company believes that operations benefit throughout the year from the maintenance work performed. These costs, including manufacturing variances and out-of-pocket costs that are directly related to the shutdown, are fully expensed in the year of the shutdown, with no amounts remaining deferred at year-end. Other maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
The Company will adopt the direct expense method of accounting for planned major maintenance activities effective January 1, 2007 (see Note 4).
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS
Temporary investments with an original maturity of three months or less are treated as cash equivalents and are stated at cost, which approximates market.
INVENTORIES
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market and include all costs directly associated with manufacturing products: materials, labor and manufacturing overhead. In the United States, costs of raw materials and finished pulp and paper products are generally determined using the last-in, first-out method. Other inventories are valued using the first-in, first-out or average cost methods.
53
PLANTS, PROPERTIES AND EQUIPMENT
Plants, properties and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for betterments are capitalized, whereas normal repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. The units-of-production method of depreciation is used for major pulp and paper mills, and the straight-line method is used for other plants and equipment. Annual straight-line depreciation rates are, for buildings 2 1/2% to 8 1/2%, and for machinery and equipment 5% to 33%.
FORESTLANDS
At December 31, 2006, International Paper and its subsidiaries owned or managed about 500,000 acres of forestlands in the United States, approximately 370,000 acres in Brazil, and through licenses and forest management agreements, had harvesting rights on approximately 500,000 acres of government-owned forestlands in Russia. Costs attributable to timber are charged against income as trees are cut. The rate charged is determined annually based on the relationship of incurred costs to estimated current merchantable volume.
As discussed in Note 7, during 2006 in conjunction with the Companys Transformation Plan, approximately 5.6 million acres of forestlands in the United States were sold under various agreements for proceeds totaling approximately $6.6 billion of cash and notes.
GOODWILL
Goodwill relating to a single business reporting unit is included as an asset of the applicable segment, while goodwill arising from major acquisitions that involve multiple business segments is classified as a corporate asset for segment reporting purposes. For goodwill impairment testing, this goodwill is allocated to business segments. Annual testing for possible goodwill impairment is performed during the fourth quarter as of the end of the third quarter of each year. In the fourth quarter of 2006 in conjunction with annual goodwill impairments testing, the Company recorded charges of $630 million and $129 million related to its coated paperboard business and Shorewood business, respectively. No impairment charges had been recorded in 2005 or 2004 (see Note 11) .
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS
Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that indicate that the carrying value of the
assets may not be recoverable, as measured by comparing their net book value to the projected undiscounted future cash flows generated by their use. Impaired assets are recorded at their estimated fair value (see Note 6). Long-lived assets classified as held for sale are recorded at the lower of their carrying amount or estimated fair value less costs to sell.
INCOME TAXES
International Paper uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes whereby deferred income taxes are recorded for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are revalued to reflect new tax rates in the periods rate changes are enacted.
International Paper records its worldwide tax provision based on the respective tax rules and regulations for the jurisdictions in which it operates. Where the Company believes that the deduction of an item is supportable for income tax purposes, the item is deducted in its income tax returns. However, where treatment of an item is uncertain, tax accruals are recorded based upon the expected most probable outcome taking into consideration the specific tax regulations and facts of each matter, the results of historical negotiated settlements, and the results of consultations with outside specialists. These accruals are recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet in Other liabilities. Changes to the reserves are only made when an identifiable event occurs that changes the probable outcome, such as a settlement with the relevant tax authority, the expiration of statutes of limitation for the subject tax year, a change in tax laws, or a recent court case that addresses the matter.
While the Company believes that these judgments and estimates are appropriate and reasonable under current circumstances, actual resolution of these matters may differ from recorded estimated amounts.
See Note 4 for a discussion of the adoption in 2007 of a recent accounting pronouncement on accounting for uncertain income tax positions.
54
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
Effective January 1, 2006, International Paper adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, using the modified prospective transition method. As required under this standard, costs resulting from all stock-based compensation transactions are recognized in the financial statements. The amount of compensation cost recorded is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. In addition, liability awards are remeasured each reporting period. Compensation cost is recognized over the period that an employee provides service in exchange for the award. See Note 17 for a further discussion of stock-based compensation plans.
Prior to January 1, 2006, stock options and other stock-based compensation awards were accounted for using the intrinsic value method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and related interpretations. Had compensation cost in 2005 and 2004 for International Papers stock-based compensation programs been determined consistent with the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R), net earnings, basic earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share would have been reduced to the pro forma amounts shown below:
In millions, except per share amounts | 2005 | 2004 | |||||
Net Earnings (Loss) |
|||||||
As reported |
$ | 1,100 | $ | (35 | ) | ||
Pro forma |
1,043 | (73 | ) | ||||
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share |
|||||||
As reported |
$ | 2.26 | $ | (0.07 | ) | ||
Pro forma |
2.15 | (0.15 | ) | ||||
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share |
|||||||
As reported |
$ | 2.21 | $ | (0.07 | ) | ||
Pro forma |
2.10 | (0.15 | ) |
The effect on 2005 and 2004 pro forma net earnings, basic earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share of expensing the estimated fair market value of stock options is not necessarily representative of the effect on reported earnings for future years due to decreases in the number of options outstanding due to the elimination of the Companys stock option program for all U.S. employees in 2005.
ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION COSTS
Costs associated with environmental remediation obligations are accrued when such costs are probable and reasonably estimable. Such accruals are adjusted as further information develops or circumstances change. Costs of future expenditures for environmental remediation obligations are discounted to their present value when the amount and timing of expected cash payments are reliably determinable.
ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS
In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations, a liability and an asset are recorded equal to the present value of the estimated costs associated with the retirement of long-lived assets where a legal or contractual obligation exists and the liability can be reasonably estimated. The liability is accreted over time and the asset is depreciated over the life of the related equipment or facility. International Papers asset retirement obligations under this standard principally relate to closure costs for landfills. Revisions to the liability could occur due to changes in the estimated costs or timing of closures, or possible new federal or state regulations affecting these closures (see Note 11).
TRANSLATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Balance sheets of international operations are translated into U.S. dollars at year-end exchange rates, while statements of operations are translated at average rates. Adjustments resulting from financial statement translations are included as cumulative translation adjustments in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI). See Note 13 related to derivatives and hedging activities.
NOTE 2 EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
Basic earnings per common share from continuing operations are computed by dividing earnings from continuing operations by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations were computed assuming that all potentially dilutive securities, including in-the-money stock options, were converted into common shares at the beginning of each year. In addition, the computation of diluted earnings per share reflects the inclusion of contingently convertible securities in periods when dilutive.
55
A reconciliation of the amounts included in the computation of earnings per common share from continuing operations, and diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations is as follows:
In millions, except per share amounts | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | ||||||
Earnings from continuing operations |
$ | 1,282 | $ | 684 | $ | 238 | |||
Effect of dilutive securities |
13 | 27 | | ||||||
Earnings from continuing operations - assuming dilution |
$ | 1,295 | $ | 711 | $ | 238 | |||
Average common shares outstanding |
476.1 | 486.0 | 485.8 | ||||||
Effect of dilutive securities |
|||||||||
Restricted performance share plan |
3.0 | 0.8 | | ||||||
Stock options |
0.2 | 2.9 | 2.6 | ||||||
Contingently convertible debt |
9.4 | 20.0 | | ||||||
Average common shares outstanding - assuming dilution |
488.7 | 509.7 | 488.4 | ||||||
Earnings per common share from continuing operations |
$ | 2.69 | $ | 1.41 | $ | 0.49 | |||
Diluted earnings per common share from continuing operations |
$ | 2.65 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 0.49 |
Note: | If an amount does not appear in the above table, the security was antidilutive for the period presented. |
NOTE 3 INDUSTRY SEGMENT INFORMATION
Financial information by industry segment and geographic area for 2006, 2005 and 2004 is presented on pages 43 and 44.
NOTE 4 RECENT ACCOUNTING DEVELOPMENTS
EMPLOYERS ACCOUNTING FOR DEFINED BENEFIT PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT PLANS
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 158, Employers Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans an Amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R). This statement requires a calendar year-end company with publicly traded equity securities that sponsors a postretirement benefit plan to fully recognize, as an asset or liability, the overfunded or underfunded status of its benefit plan(s) in its 2006 year-end balance sheet. It also requires a company to measure its plan assets and benefit obligations as of its year-end balance sheet date beginning with fiscal years ending after December 15, 2008. The Company adopted the provisions of this standard as of December 31, 2006, recording an additional liability of $492 million
and an after-tax charge to Other comprehensive income of $350 million for its defined benefit and postretirement benefit plans.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
In September 2006, the FASB also issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, which provides a single definition of fair value, together with a framework for measuring it, and requires additional disclosure about the use of fair value to measure assets and liabilities. It also emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement, and sets out a fair value hierarchy with the highest priority being quoted prices in active markets. This statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and is to be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the year in which it is initially applied. The Company is currently evaluating the provisions of this statement.
ACCOUNTING FOR PLANNED MAJOR MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES
In September 2006, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position (FSP) No. AUG AIR-1, Accounting for Planned Major Maintenance Activities, which permits the application of three alternative methods of accounting for planned major maintenance activities: the direct expense, built-in-overhaul, and deferral methods. The FSP is effective for the first fiscal year beginning after December 15, 2006. International Paper will adopt the direct expense method of accounting for these costs in 2007 with no impact on its annual consolidated financial statements.
ACCOUNTING FOR UNCERTAINTY IN INCOME TAXES
In June 2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This interpretation also provides guidance on classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods and transition, and significantly expands income tax disclosure requirements. It applies to all tax positions accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 109 and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. International Paper will apply the provisions of this interpretation beginning
56
in the first quarter of 2007, and currently estimates that the cumulative effect of its initial application will be a charge of approximately $75 million to beginning of the year retained earnings, which is subject to revision as management completes its analysis.
ACCOUNTING FOR CERTAIN HYBRID FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments an Amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140, which provides entities with relief from having to separately determine the fair value of an embedded derivative that would otherwise be required to be bifurcated from its host contract in accordance with SFAS No. 133. This statement allows an entity to make an irrevocable election to measure such a hybrid financial instrument at fair value in its entirety, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings. This statement is effective for all financial instruments acquired, issued, or subject to a remeasurement event occurring after the beginning of an entitys first fiscal year that begins after September 15, 2006. International Paper believes that the adoption of SFAS No. 155 in 2007 will not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
ACCOUNTING CHANGES AND ERROR CORRECTIONS
In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, which changes the requirements for the accounting and reporting of a change in accounting principle. SFAS No. 154 is effective for accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005. This statement does not change the transition provisions of any existing accounting pronouncements, including those that are in a transition phase as of the effective date of the statement.
ACCOUNTING FOR CONDITIONAL ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS
In March 2005, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 47, Accounting for Conditional Asset Retirement Obligations. This interpretation clarifies that the term conditional asset retirement obligation as used in FASB Statement No. 143 refers to the fact that a legal obligation to perform an asset retirement activity is unconditional even though uncertainty exists about the timing and (or) method of settlement. Uncertainty about the timing and (or) method of settlement of a conditional asset retirement
obligation should be factored into the measurement of the liability when sufficient information exists to make a reasonable estimate of the fair value of the obligation. International Paper adopted the provisions of this interpretation in the fourth quarter of 2005 with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
The Companys principal conditional asset retirement obligations relate to the potential future closure or redesign of certain of its production facilities. In connection with any such activity, it is possible that the Company may be required to take steps to remove certain materials from the facilities, or to remediate in accordance with federal and state laws that govern the handling of certain hazardous or potentially hazardous materials. Applicable regulations and standards provide that the removal of certain materials would only be required if the facility were to be demolished or underwent major renovations. At this time, any such obligations have an indeterminate settlement date, and the Company believes that adequate information does not exist to apply an expected-present-value technique to estimate any such potential obligations. Accordingly, the Company does not record a liability for such remediation until a decision is made that allows reasonable estimation of the timing of such remediation.
IMPLICIT VARIABLE INTERESTS
In March 2005, the FASB issued FSP FIN 46(R)-5, Implicit Variable Interests Under FASB Interpretation No. 46(R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities. This FSP states that implicit variable interests are implied financial interests in an entity that change with changes in the fair value of the entitys net assets exclusive of variable interests. An implicit variable interest acts the same as an explicit variable interest except it involves the absorbing and (or) receiving of variability indirectly from the entity (rather than directly). The identification of an implicit variable interest is a matter of judgment that depends on the relevant facts and circumstances. International Paper applied the provisions of FSP FIN 46(R)-5 in the second quarter of 2005, with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
ACCOUNTING FOR INCOME TAXES
In December 2004, the FASB issued FSP Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) 109-1 and 109-2 relating to the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (the Act). The Act provides for a special one-time deduction of
57
85% of certain foreign earnings that are repatriated. In 2005, International Paper repatriated $2.1 billion in cash from certain of its foreign subsidiaries, including amounts eligible for this special deduction. International Paper recorded income tax expenses associated with these cash repatriations totaling approximately $142 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.
SHARE-BASED PAYMENT TRANSACTIONS
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, that requires compensation costs related to share-based payment transactions to be recognized in the financial statements. The amount of the compensation cost is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the equity or liability instruments issued. In addition, liability awards are remeasured each reporting period. Compensation cost is recognized over the period that an employee provides service in exchange for the award. This statement applies to all awards granted after the required effective date and to awards modified, repurchased, or cancelled after that date. International Paper adopted SFAS No. 123(R) in the first quarter of 2006 with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements. See Notes 1 and 17 for a further discussion of share-based payments.
EXCHANGES OF NONMONETARY ASSETS
In December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets, an Amendment of APB Opinion No. 29, that replaces the exception from fair value measurement in APB Opinion No. 29, Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions, for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets with a general exception from fair value measurement for exchanges of nonmonetary assets that do not have commercial substance. A nonmonetary exchange has commercial substance if the future cash flows of the entity are expected to change significantly as a result of the exchange. International Paper applied the provisions of SFAS No. 153 prospectively in the first quarter of 2006, with no material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
INVENTORY COSTS
In November 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 151, Inventory Costs, an Amendment of ARB No. 43, Chapter 4. This statement requires that abnormal amounts of idle facility expense, freight, handling costs and wasted material be recognized as current-
period charges. This statement also introduces the concept of normal capacity and requires the allocation of fixed production overhead to inventory based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. Unallocated overhead must be recognized as an expense in the period in which it is incurred. International Paper adopted SFAS No. 151 in the first quarter of 2006, with no material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
ACCOUNTING FOR MEDICARE BENEFITS
In May 2004, the FASB issued FSP FAS 106-2, Accounting and Disclosure Requirements Related to the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003, that provides guidance on the accounting and required disclosures for the effects of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003. International Paper adopted FSP FAS 106-2 prospectively in the third quarter of 2004. See Note 16 for a further discussion.
NOTE 5 ACQUISITIONS
In October and November 2006, International Paper paid approximately $82 million for a 50% interest in the International Paper & Sun Cartonboard Co., Ltd. joint venture that currently operates two coated paperboard machines in Yanzhou City, China. In December 2006, a 50% interest was acquired in a second joint venture, Shandong International Paper & Sun Coated Paperboard Co., Ltd., for approximately $28 million. This joint venture was formed to construct a third coated paperboard machine, expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2009. The operating results of these consolidated joint ventures did not have a material effect on the Companys 2006 consolidated results of operations.
On July 1, 2004, International Paper completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding common and preferred stock of Box USA Holdings, Inc. (Box USA) for approximately $189 million in cash and a $15 million 6% note payable issued to Box USAs controlling shareholders. In addition, International Paper assumed approximately $197 million of debt, approximately $193 million of which was repaid by July 31, 2004. The operating results of Box USA are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements from that date.
The following unaudited pro forma information for the year ended December 31, 2004 presents the combined results of the continuing operations of International Paper and Box USA as if the acquisition
58
had occurred as of January 1, 2004. This pro forma information does not purport to represent International Papers actual results of operations if the transaction described above would have occurred on January 1, 2004, nor is it necessarily indicative of future results.
In millions, except per share amounts, for the year ended December 31, |
2004 | |||
Net sales |
$ | 20,975 | ||
Earnings from continuing operations |
243 | |||
Net loss |
(30 | ) | ||
Earnings from continuing operations per common share |
0.50 | |||
Net loss per common share-assuming dilution |
(0.06 | ) |
OTHER ACQUISITIONS
In October 2005, International Paper acquired approximately 65% of Compagnie Marocaine des Cartons et des Papiers (CMCP), a leading Moroccan corrugated packaging company, for approximately $80 million in cash plus assumed debt of approximately $40 million.
In 2001, International Paper and Carter Holt Harvey Limited (CHH) had each acquired a 25% interest in International Paper Pacific Millennium Limited (IPPM). IPPM is a Hong Kong-based distribution and packaging company with operations in China and other Asian countries. On August 1, 2005, pursuant to an existing agreement, International Paper purchased a 50% third-party interest in IPPM (now renamed International Paper Distribution Limited) for $46 million to facilitate possible further growth in Asia. Finally, in May 2006, the Company purchased the remaining 25% interest from CHH for $21 million.
The financial position and results of operations of these acquisitions have been included in International Papers consolidated financial statements from the dates of acquisition in 2005.
NOTE 6 RESTRUCTURING, BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT AND OTHER CHARGES
This footnote discusses restructuring, business improvement and other charges recorded for each of the three years included in the period ended December 31, 2006. It includes a summary of activity for each year, a roll forward associated with severance and other cash costs arising in each year, and tables presenting details of the 2006, 2005 and 2004 organizational restructuring programs.
2006: During 2006, total restructuring and other charges of $300 million before taxes ($184 million after taxes) were recorded. These charges included:
| A $157 million charge before taxes ($95 million after taxes) for organizational restructuring programs, principally associated with the Companys Transformation Plan, |
| a $165 million charge before taxes ($102 million after taxes) for early debt extinguishment costs, |
| a $97 million charge before taxes ($60 million after taxes) for litigation settlements and adjustments to legal reserves (see Note 10), |
| a pre-tax credit of $115 million ($70 million after taxes) for payments received relating to the Companys participation in the U.S. Coalition for Fair Lumber Imports, and |
| a $4 million credit before taxes ($3 million after taxes) for other items. |
Earnings also included a $19 million pre-tax credit ($12 million after taxes) for net insurance recoveries related to the hardboard siding and roofing litigation, a $6 million pre-tax credit ($3 million after taxes) for the reversal of reserves no longer required, and a $6 million pre-tax credit ($4 million after taxes) for interest received from the Canadian government on refunds of prior-year softwood lumber duties, which is included in Interest expense, net, in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
The following table presents a detail of the $157 million corporate-wide organizational restructuring charge by business:
In millions | First Quarter |
Second Quarter |
Third Quarter |
Fourth Quarter |
Total | |||||||||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 4 | $ | 26 | (a,b) | $ | 12 | (b) | $ | 12 | (b) | $ | 54 | |||||
Industrial Packaging |
1 | 2 | | 4 | 7 | |||||||||||||
Consumer Packaging |
2 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 9 | |||||||||||||
Forest Products |
1 | 1 | 9 | 4 | 15 | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
3 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 10 | |||||||||||||
Corporate |
7 | 14 | 34 | (c) | 7 | 62 | ||||||||||||
$ | 18 | $ | 48 | $ | 57 | $ | 34 | $ | 157 |
(a) | Includes $15 million of pension and postretirement curtailment charges and termination benefits. |
(b) | Includes $7 million, $9 million and $11 million in the 2006 second, third and fourth quarters, respectively, of accelerated depreciation charges related to equipment to be taken out of service as a result of the Transformation Plan. |
(c) | Includes $29 million of lease termination and relocation costs relating to the relocation of the Companys corporate headquarters from Stamford, Connecticut to Memphis, Tennessee. |
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The following table presents the components of the organizational restructuring charge discussed above:
In millions | Asset Write-downs |
Severance and Other |
Total | ||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 27 | $ | 27 | $ | 54 | |||
Industrial Packaging |
| 7 | 7 | ||||||
Consumer Packaging |
| 9 | 9 | ||||||
Forest Products |
| 15 | 15 | ||||||
Distribution |
| 10 | 10 | ||||||
Corporate |
5 | 57 | 62 | ||||||
$ | 32 | $ | 125 | $ | 157 |
The following table presents a roll forward of the severance and other costs included in the 2006 restructuring plans:
In millions | Severance and Other |
|||
Opening Balance (first quarter 2006) |
$ | 18 | ||
Additions (second quarter 2006) |
37 | |||
Additions (third quarter 2006) |
47 | |||
Additions (fourth quarter 2006) |
23 | |||
2006 Activity |
||||
Cash charges |
(50 | ) | ||
Reclassifications: |
||||
Pension and postretirement curtailments and termination benefits |
(19 | ) | ||
Balance, December 31, 2006 |
$ | 56 |
The severance charges recorded in 2006 related to 1,669 employees. As of December 31, 2006, 803 employees had been terminated.
2005: During 2005, restructuring and other charges before taxes of $340 million ($213 million after taxes) were recorded. Included in this charge were:
| a pre-tax charge of $256 million ($162 million after taxes) for organizational restructuring programs, principally costs associated with the Companys Transformation Plan, |
| a pre-tax charge of $57 million ($35 million after taxes) for losses on early extinguishment of debt, and |
| a $27 million pre-tax charge ($16 million after taxes) for legal reserves. |
Also recorded were pre-tax credits of $258 million ($151 million after taxes) for net insurance recoveries related to the hardboard siding and roofing litigation, and a $4 million pre-tax credit ($3 million after taxes) for the net adjustment of previously provided reserves. In addition, a $454 million net reduction of
the income tax provision was recorded, including a credit of $627 million from an agreement reached with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service concerning the 1997 through 2000 U.S. federal income tax audits, a $142 million charge related to cash repatriations from non-U.S. subsidiaries, and $31 million of other tax charges. Interest expense, net, also includes a $43 million pre-tax credit ($26 million after taxes) relating to the tax audit agreement.
The following table presents a detail of the $256 million corporate-wide organizational restructuring charge by business:
In millions | Second Quarter |
Third Quarter |
Fourth Quarter |
Total | |||||||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 17 | (a) | $ | 17 | (c) | $ | 150 | (e) | $ | 184 | ||||
Industrial Packaging |
| 4 | 10 | 14 | |||||||||||
Consumer Packaging |
| 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||
Forest Products |
10 | (b) | | 2 | (f) | 12 | |||||||||
Distribution |
| | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||
Specialty Businesses and Other |
| 13 | (d) | | 13 | ||||||||||
Corporate |
| 7 | 20 | (g) | 27 | ||||||||||
$ | 27 | $ | 42 | $ | 187 | $ | 256 |
(a) | Includes charges for severance and other charges for the indefinite shutdown of three U.S. paper machines. |
(b) | Includes charges associated with the relocation of the Forest Products headquarters from Savannah, Georgia to Memphis, Tennessee. |
(c) | Includes $6 million of additional severance charges related to the indefinite shutdown of the three U.S. paper machines. |
(d) | Represents charges related to the shutdown of a plant in Norway. |
(e) | Includes charges of $50 million related to the shutdown of paper machines at Jay, Maine, Bastrop, Louisiana, and Pensacola, Florida, and a charge of $95 million to write down the assets of the Bastrop, Louisiana mill to their estimated net realizable value of $105 million. |
(f) | Includes $2 million of charges related to the relocation of the Forest Products headquarters from Savannah, Georgia to Memphis, Tennessee. |
(g) | Includes $2 million of charges related to the relocation of International Papers headquarters from Stamford, Connecticut to Memphis, Tennessee, and $12 million of transformation costs. |
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The following table presents the components of the organizational restructuring charge discussed above:
In millions | Asset Write-downs |
Severance and Other |
Total | ||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 153 | $ | 31 | $ | 184 | |||
Industrial Packaging |
4 | 10 | 14 | ||||||
Consumer Packaging |
| 2 | 2 | ||||||
Forest Products |
2 | 10 | 12 | ||||||
Distribution |
| 4 | 4 | ||||||
Specialty Businesses and Other |
7 | 6 | 13 | ||||||
Corporate |
| 27 | 27 | ||||||
$ | 166 | $ | 90 | $ | 256 |
The following table presents a roll forward of the severance and other costs included in the 2005 restructuring plans:
In millions | Severance and Other |
|||
Opening Balance (second quarter 2005) |
$ | 26 | ||
Additions (third quarter 2005) |
22 | |||
Additions (fourth quarter 2005) |
42 | |||
2005 Activity |
||||
Cash charges |
(47 | ) | ||
Reclassifications: |
||||
Pension and postretirement curtailments and termination benefits |
(10 | ) | ||
2006 Activity |
||||
Cash charges |
(23 | ) | ||
Reclassifications: |
||||
Pension and postretirement curtailments and termination benefits |
(3 | ) | ||
Environmental |
(7 | ) | ||
Balance, December 31, 2006 |
$ | |
The severance charges recorded in 2005 related to 791 employees. As of December 31, 2006, all 791 employees had been terminated.
2004: During 2004, restructuring and other charges before taxes of $164 million ($102 million after taxes) were recorded. These charges included:
| a $62 million charge before taxes ($39 million after taxes) for a corporate-wide organizational restructuring program, |
| a $92 million charge before taxes ($57 million after taxes) for losses on early extinguishment of debt, and |
| a $10 million charge before taxes ($6 million after taxes) for legal settlements. |
In addition, credits of $123 million before taxes ($76 million after taxes) for net insurance recoveries related to the hardboard siding and roofing litigation and $35 million before taxes ($21 million after taxes) for the net reversal of restructuring reserves no longer needed were recorded. Also, a $32 million charge was recorded for an adjustment of deferred tax balances.
The following table presents a detail of the $62 million corporate-wide organizational restructuring program charge in 2004, by business:
In millions | First Quarter |
Second Quarter |
Third Quarter |
Total | ||||||||
Printing Papers |
$ | 1 | $ | 1 | $ | 5 | $ | 7 | ||||
Industrial Packaging |
1 | 1 | 5 | 7 | ||||||||
Consumer Packaging |
4 | 1 | | 5 | ||||||||
Forest Products |
4 | 1 | | 5 | ||||||||
Distribution |
2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | ||||||||
Specialty Businesses and Other |
| 11 | | 11 | ||||||||
Administrative Support Groups |
2 | 14 | 4 | 20 | ||||||||
$ | 14 | $ | 31 | $ | 17 | $ | 62 |
The following table presents a roll forward of the severance and other costs included in the 2004 restructuring plans:
In millions | Severance and Other |
|||
Opening Balance (first quarter 2004) |
$ | 14 | ||
Additions (second quarter 2004) |
31 | |||
Additions (third quarter 2004) |
17 | |||
2004 Activity |
||||
Cash charges |
(40 | ) | ||
Reclassifications: |
||||