PROSPECTUS
$200,000,000
The Gabelli Dividend & Income Trust
2,600,000 Shares, 6.00% Series D Cumulative Preferred Shares
(Liquidation Preference $25 per Share)
5,400 Shares, Series E Auction Rate Preferred Shares
(Liquidation Preference $25,000 per Share)
The Gabelli Dividend & Income Trust, or the Fund, is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940. The Fund's investment objective is to seek a high level of total return with an emphasis on dividends and income. The Fund attempts to achieve its objective by investing at least 80% of its assets in dividend paying or other income producing securities under normal market conditions. In addition, under normal market conditions, at least 50% of the Fund's assets will consist of dividend paying equity securities. In making stock selections, Gabelli Funds, LLC (the "Investment Adviser"), which serves as investment adviser to the Fund, looks for securities that have a superior yield and capital gains potential. The Fund commenced its investment operations on November 28, 2003. We cannot assure you that the Fund will achieve its objective.
This prospectus describes the Fund's 6.00% Series D Cumulative Preferred Shares (the "Series D Preferred"), liquidation preference $25 per share. Distributions on the Series D Preferred are cumulative from their original issue date at the annual rate of 6.00% of the liquidation preference of $25 per share and are payable quarterly on March 26, June 26, September 26, and December 26 in each year, commencing on December 26, 2005.
This prospectus also describes the Fund's Series E Auction Rate Preferred Shares (the "Series E Auction Rate Preferred" or the "ARS"), liquidation preference $25,000 per share. The dividend rate for the ARS will vary from dividend period to dividend period. The annual dividend rate for the initial dividend period for the ARS will be 3.70% of the liquidation preference of $25,000 per share. The initial dividend period for the ARS commences on the date of issuance and continues through November 9, 2005. For subsequent dividend periods, the ARS will make distributions based on a rate set at auction, usually held weekly.
The Fund offers by this prospectus, in the aggregate, $65 million of Series D Preferred and $135 million of ARS.
Investing in the Series D Preferred or the ARS involves risks that are described in the "Risk Factors and Special Considerations" section beginning on page 34 of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Series D Cumulative Preferred Per Share |
Total |
Series E Auction Rate Preferred Per Share |
Total | ||||||||||||||||
Public Offering Price (1) | $ | 25.0000 | $ | 65,000,000 | $ | 25,000.00 | $ | 135,000,000 | |||||||||||
Underwriting Discount (2) | $ | 0.7875 | $ | 2,047,500 | $ | 250.00 | $ | 1,350,000 | |||||||||||
Proceeds to the Fund (before expenses)(3) | $ | 24.2125 | $ | 62,952,500 | $ | 24,750.00 | $ | 133,650,000 |
(1) Plus accumulated distributions, if any, from November 3, 2005.
(2) The Fund and the Invesment Adviser have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(3) Offering expenses payable by the Fund (excluding underwriting discount) are estimated at $475,000.
Citigroup Merrill Lynch & Co.
A. G. Edwards Gabelli & Company, Inc.
October 28, 2005
The Series D Preferred and the ARS being offered by this prospectus are being offered by the underwriters listed in this prospectus, subject to prior sale, when, as and if accepted by them and subject to certain conditions. The Fund expects that delivery of any Series D Preferred and ARS will be made in book-entry form through The Depository Trust Company on or about November 3, 2005.
The Series D Preferred have been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange. Subject to notice of issuance, trading of the Series D Preferred on the New York Stock Exchange is expected to commence within 30 days of the date of this prospectus. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the Series D Preferred. See "Underwriting."
The ARS will not be listed on an exchange. Investors may only buy or sell ARS through an order placed at an auction with or through a broker-dealer in accordance with the procedures specified in this prospectus or in a secondary market maintained by certain broker-dealers should those broker-dealers decide to maintain a secondary market. Broker-dealers are not required to maintain a secondary market in the ARS, and a secondary market may not provide you with liquidity.
The net proceeds of the offering, which are expected to be $196,127,500, will be invested in accordance with the Fund's investment objective and policies. See "Investment Objective and Policies" beginning on page 26.
The Fund expects that distributions made on the Series D Preferred and the ARS will consist of (i) long-term capital gain (gain from the sale of a capital asset held longer than 12 months), (ii) qualified dividend income (dividend income from certain domestic and foreign corporations) and (iii) investment company taxable income (other than qualified dividend income), including interest income, short-term capital gain and income from certain hedging and interest rate transactions. For individuals, the maximum federal income tax rate on long-term capital gain is currently 15%, on qualified dividend income is currently 15%, and on ordinary income (such as distributions from investment company taxable income that are not eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income) is currently 35%. These tax rates are scheduled to apply through 2008. We cannot assure you, however, as to what percentage of the distributions made on the Series D Preferred or ARS will consist of long-term capital gain and qualified dividend income, which are taxed at lower rates for individuals than ordinary income. For a more detailed discussion, see "Taxation."
In order to be issued, the Series D Preferred must receive a rating of "Aaa" by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. ("Moody's"). In addition, in order to be issued, the ARS must receive a rating of "Aaa" by Moody's and a rating of "AAA" by Standard & Poor's Rating Services, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ("S&P"). In order to keep these ratings, the Fund will be required to maintain a minimum discounted asset coverage with respect to its outstanding Series D Preferred and ARS under guidelines established by each of Moody's and S&P. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Rating Agency Guidelines." The Fund is also required to maintain a minimum asset coverage by the Investment Company Act of 1940. If the Fund fails to maintain any of these minimum asset coverage requirements, the Fund may, at its option (and in certain circumstances must) require, in accordance with its Governing Documents (as defined herein) and the requirements of the Investment Company Act of 1940, that some or all of its outstanding preferred shares, including the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS, be sold back to it (redeemed). Otherwise, prior to November 3, 2010 the Series D Preferred will be redeemable at the option of the Fund only to the extent necessary for the Fund to continue to qualify for tax treatment as a regulated investment company. Subject to certain notice and other requirements (including those set forth in Section 23(c) of the Investment Company Act of 1940), the Fund at its option may redeem (i) the Series D Preferred beginning on November 3, 2010 and (ii) the ARS following the initial distribution period, usually on a dividend or distribution payment date (so long as the Fund has not designated a non-call period). In the event the Fund redeems the Series D Preferred, such redemption will be for cash at a redemption price equal to $25 per share plus accumulated but unmade distributions (whether or not earned or declared). In the event the Fund redeems the ARS, such redemptions will be for cash, generally at a redemption price equal to $25,000 per share plus accumulated but unmade distributions (whether or not earned or declared), although if the ARS have a dividend period of more than one year, the Fund's Board of Trustees may determine to provide for a redemption premium.
This prospectus concisely sets forth important information about the Fund that you should know before deciding whether to invest in Series D Preferred or ARS. You should read this prospectus and retain it for future reference.
The Fund has also filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a Statement of Additional Information (the "SAI"), dated October 28, 2005, which contains additional information about the Fund. The SAI is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this prospectus. You can review the table of contents of the SAI that is filed with this prospectus. You may request a free copy of the SAI by writing to the Fund at its address at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422 or calling the Fund toll-free at (800) 422-3554. You can also call the toll-free number to request copies of the Fund's annual and semi-annual reports, to request other information about the Fund, or to make shareholder inquiries. The SAI and the Fund's reports are also available at the website http://www.gabelli.com. You may also obtain the SAI and reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants, including the Fund, that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the Securities and Exchange Commission's web site (http://www.sec.gov).
The Fund's Series D Preferred and the ARS do not represent a deposit or obligation of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank or other insured depository institution, and are not federally insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other government agency.
You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Neither the Fund nor the underwriters have authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. Neither the Fund nor the underwriters are making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | |||||||
Summary | 1 | ||||||
Financial Highlights | 22 | ||||||
Use of Proceeds | 24 | ||||||
The Fund | 24 | ||||||
Capitalization | 25 | ||||||
Investment Objective and Policies | 26 | ||||||
Risk Factors and Special Considerations | 34 | ||||||
How the Fund Manages Risk | 43 | ||||||
Management of the Fund | 45 | ||||||
Portfolio Transactions | 49 | ||||||
Dividends and Distributions | 49 | ||||||
Description of Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred | 50 | ||||||
The Auction of Series E Auction Rate Preferred | 61 | ||||||
Description of Capital Stock and Other Securities | 64 | ||||||
Taxation | 66 | ||||||
Anti-Takeover Provisions of the Fund's Governing Documents | 69 | ||||||
Custodian, Transfer Agent, Auction Agent, and Dividend-Disbursing Agent | 70 | ||||||
Underwriting | 71 | ||||||
Legal Matters | 74 | ||||||
Experts | 74 | ||||||
Additional Information | 74 | ||||||
Privacy Principles of the Fund | 74 | ||||||
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements | 75 | ||||||
Table of Contents of the Statement of Additional Information | 76 | ||||||
Appendix A-Corporate Bond Ratings | A-1 | ||||||
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SUMMARY
This is only a summary. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in the Fund's Series D Preferred and ARS, especially the information set forth under the heading "Risk Factors and Special Considerations." You should review the more detailed information contained in this prospectus, the SAI, the Fund's Statement of Preferences for the 6.00% Series D Cumulative Preferred Shares (the "Series D Statement of Preferences") and the Fund's Statement of Preferences for the ARS (the "Series E Statement of Preferences") on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Fund The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware on August 20, 2003. The Fund's outstanding common shares, par value $0.001 per share, are listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "GDV." As of September 30, 2005, the net assets of the Fund attributable to its common shares were $1,793,187,157. As of September 30, 2005, the Fund had outstanding 84,697,505 common shares, 3,200,000 5.875% Series A Cumulative Preferred Shares liquidation preference $25 per share (the "Series A Preferred"), 4,000 Series B Auction Market Preferred Shares liquidation preference $25,000 per share (the "Series B Auction Market Preferred") and 4,800 Series C Auction Market Preferred Shares liquidation preference $25,000 per share (the "Series C Auction Market Preferred"). The Series A Preferred, Series B Auction Market Preferred and Series C Auction Market Preferred (the "Existing Preferred") have the same seniority with respect to distributions and liquidation preference.
The Offering The Fund offers by this prospectus, in the aggregate, $200,000,000 of preferred shares of either Series D Preferred or ARS, or a combination of both series. The Series D Preferred and the ARS are being offered by a group of underwriters led by Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated. Upon issuance, the Series D Preferred and the ARS will have equal seniority with respect to distributions and liquidation preference to the Fund's other outstanding preferred shares. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred."
Series D Preferred. The Fund is offering 2,600,000 shares of 6.00% Series D Preferred, par value $0.001 per share, liquidation preference $25 per share, at a purchase price of $25 per share. Distributions on the shares of Series D Preferred will accumulate from the date on which such shares are issued. The Series D Preferred have been approved for listing on the NYSE and it is anticipated that trading of the Series D Preferred on the NYSE will commence within 30 days from the date of this prospectus.
Series E Auction Rate Preferred. The Fund is offering 5,400 shares of ARS, par value $0.001 per share, liquidation preference $25,000 per share at a purchase price of $25,000 per share, plus distributions, if any, that have accumulated from the commencement date of the dividend period during which such ARS are issued. The ARS will not be listed on an exchange. Instead, investors may buy or sell ARS in an auction by submitting orders to broker-dealers that have entered into an agreement with the auction agent.
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Generally, investors in Series D Preferred or ARS will not receive certificates representing ownership of their shares. The Depository Trust Company ("DTC"), any successor or its nominee for the account of the investor's broker-dealer will maintain record ownership of the preferred shares in book-entry form. An investor's broker-dealer, in turn, will maintain records of that investor's beneficial ownership of preferred shares.
Investment Objective The Fund's investment objective is to provide a high level of total return on its assets with an emphasis on dividends and income. No assurance can be given that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The Fund will attempt to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its assets in dividend paying securities (such as common and preferred stock) or other income producing securities (such as fixed-income securities and securities that are convertible into common stock). In addition, under normal market conditions, at least 50% of the Fund's assets will consist of dividend paying equity securities. The Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in the securities of non-U.S. issuers and up to 25% of its total assets in securities of issuers in a single industry. There is no minimum credit rating for fixed-income debt securities in which the Fund may invest, although the Fund will not invest more than 10% of its total assets in fixed-income nonconvertible securities rated in the lower rating categories of recognized statistical rating agencies. The Fund's investments in the lower rating categories are typically those rated "BB" by S&P or "Ba" by Moody's or unrated securities of comparable quality, all of which are commonly referred to as "junk bonds."
The Investment Adviser's investment philosophy with respect to both equity and fixed-income debt securities is to identify assets that are selling in the public market at a discount to their private market value. The Investment Adviser defines private market value as the value informed purchasers are willing to pay to acquire assets with similar characteristics. In making equity selections, the Fund's Investment Adviser looks for securities that have a superior yield and capital gains potential. See "Investment Objective and Policies."
Dividends and Distributions Series D Preferred. Distributions on the Series D Preferred, at the annual rate of 6.00% of its $25 per share liquidation preference, are cumulative from the original issue date and are payable, when, as and if declared by the Board of Trustees of the Fund, out of funds legally available therefor, quarterly on March 26, June 26, September 26, and December 26 in each year, commencing on December 26, 2005.
Series E Auction Rate Preferred. The holders of ARS are entitled to receive cash distributions, stated at annual rates of its $25,000 per share liquidation preference, that will vary from dividend period to dividend period. The table below shows the dividend rate, the dividend payment date and the number of days for the initial dividend period on the ARS.
Initial Dividend Rate |
Dividend Payment Date for Initial Dividend Period |
Number of Days of Initial Dividend Period |
|||||||||||||
Series E Auction Rate Preferred |
3.70 | % | November 10, 2005 | 7 |
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For subsequent dividend periods, the ARS will make distributions based on a rate set at auctions, normally held weekly. In most instances, distributions are payable weekly, on the first business day following the end of the dividend period. If the day on which distributions otherwise would be paid is not a business day, then distributions will be made on the first business day after the end of the dividend period. The Fund may, subject to certain conditions, designate special dividend periods of more (or less) than seven days. The dividend payment date for any such special dividend period will be set out in the notice designating the special dividend period. Distributions on shares of the ARS will be cumulative from the date such shares are issued and will be paid out of legally available funds.
Any designation of a special dividend period will be effective only if, among other things, proper notice has been given, the auction immediately preceding the special dividend period was not a failed auction and the Fund has confirmed that it has assets with an aggregate discounted value at least equal to the Basic Maintenance Amount (as described under "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Rating Agency Guidelines"). See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Distributions on the Series E Auction Rate Preferred" and "The Auction of Series E Auction Rate Preferred."
There is no minimum rate with respect to any dividend period. There is a maximum rate. The maximum rate for any dividend period other than a default period will be the greater of (i) the applicable percentage of the reference rate set forth in the table below and (ii) the applicable spread set forth in the table below plus the reference rate. The reference rate is the applicable LIBOR Rate (for a dividend period or a special dividend period of fewer than 365 days), or the applicable Treasury Index Rate (for a special dividend period of 365 days or more). The applicable percentage and applicable spread will be determined based on the lower of the credit ratings assigned to the ARS by Moody's and S&P.
The applicable percentages and applicable spreads are as follows:
Credit Ratings | Applicable | Applicable | |||||||||||||
Moody's | S&P | Percentage | Spread | ||||||||||||
Aaa | AAA | 150 | % | 1.50 | % | ||||||||||
Aa3 to Aa1 | AA to AA+ | 250 | % | 2.50 | % | ||||||||||
A3 to A1 | A to A+ | 350 | % | 3.50 | % | ||||||||||
Baa1 or lower | BBB+ or lower | 550 | % | 5.50 | % |
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Assuming the Fund maintains an "Aaa" and "AAA" rating on the ARS, the practical effect of the different methods used to determine the maximum applicable rate is shown in the table below:
Reference Rate |
Maximum Applicable Rate Using the Applicable Percentage |
Maximum Applicable Rate Using the Applicable Spread |
Method Used to Determine the Maximum Applicable Rate |
||||||||||||
1 | % | 1.50 | % | 2.50 | % | Spread | |||||||||
2 | % | 3.00 | % | 3.50 | % | Spread | |||||||||
3 | % | 4.50 | % | 4.50 | % | Either | |||||||||
4 | % | 6.00 | % | 5.50 | % | Percentage | |||||||||
5 | % | 7.50 | % | 6.50 | % | Percentage | |||||||||
6 | % | 9.00 | % | 7.50 | % | Percentage |
See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Distributions on the Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Maximum Rate." For example, calculated as of December 31, 2004 and June 30, 2005, respectively, the maximum rate for the ARS (assuming a rating of "Aaa" by Moody's and "AAA" by S&P) would have been approximately 4.060% and 5.280%, for dividend periods of 90 days, and approximately 4.560% and 5.475% for dividend periods of two years.(1) There is no minimum rate with respect to any dividend period.
Preferred Share Distributions. Under current law, all preferred shares of the Fund must have the same seniority with respect to distributions. Accordingly, no full distribution will be declared or paid on any series of preferred shares of the Fund for any dividend period, or part thereof, unless full cumulative dividends due through the most recent dividend payment dates for all series of outstanding preferred shares of the Fund are declared and paid. If full cumulative distributions due have not been declared and made on all outstanding preferred shares of the Fund ranking on a parity with the Series D Preferred and the ARS as to distributions, any distributions on such preferred shares (including any outstanding Series D Preferred and ARS) will be made as nearly pro rata as possible in proportion to the respective amounts of distributions accumulated but unmade on each such series of preferred shares on the relevant dividend date.
In the event that for any calendar year the total distributions on the Fund's preferred shares exceed the Fund's ordinary income and net capital gain allocable to those shares, the excess distributions will generally be treated as a tax-free return of capital (to the extent of the shareholder's tax basis in his or her shares). The amount treated as a tax-free return of capital will reduce a shareholder's adjusted tax basis in his or her preferred shares, thereby increasing the shareholder's potential gain or reducing his or her potential loss on the sale of the shares.
Common Share Distributions. In order to allow its holders of common shares to realize a predictable, but not assured, level of cash flow and some liquidity periodically on their investment without having to sell shares, the Fund has adopted a policy, which may be changed at any time by the
(1) Dividend periods presented for illustrative purposes only. Actual dividend periods may be of greater or lesser duration.
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Board of Trustees, of paying distributions on its common shares of $0.10 per month, which is equal to an annual rate of 6% of the original offering price per common share. A portion of the Fund's common share distributions since inception have included or have been estimated to include a return of capital. The composition of distributions is based on earnings as of the record date for the distribution. The actual composition of the distribution may change based on the Fund's investment activity through December 31, 2005.
Auction Procedures You may buy, sell or hold ARS in the auction. The following is a brief summary of the auction procedures, which are described in more detail elsewhere in this prospectus and in the SAI. These auction procedures are complicated, and there are exceptions to these procedures. Many of the terms in this section have a special meaning as set forth in this prospectus or the SAI.
Provided that the Fund has not defaulted on its payment obligations to holders of the ARS, the auctions determine the dividend rate for the ARS, except that no dividend rate resulting from the auction process will be higher than the then-maximum rate. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Distributions on the Series E Auction Rate Preferred."
If you own shares of ARS, you may instruct your broker-dealer to enter one of three kinds of orders in the auction with respect to your shares: sell, bid, and hold.
If you enter a sell order, you indicate that you want to sell ARS at $25,000 per share, no matter what the next dividend period's rate will be.
If you enter a bid order, which must specify a dividend rate, you indicate that you want to purchase or hold the indicated number of shares of ARS at $25,000 per share if the dividend rate for the ARS for the next dividend period is not less than the rate specified in the bid. A bid order will be deemed an irrevocable offer to sell ARS if the next dividend period's rate is less than the rate you specify.
If you enter a hold order you indicate that you want to continue to own ARS, no matter what the next dividend period's rate will be.
You may enter different types of orders for different portions of your ARS. All orders must be for whole shares. All orders you submit are irrevocable after the submission deadline. There is a fixed number of ARS, and the dividend rate likely will vary from auction to auction depending on the number of bidders, the number of shares the bidders seek to buy, the rating of the ARS and general economic conditions including current interest rates. If you own ARS and submit a bid order specifying a rate that is higher than the then-maximum rate, your bid order will be treated as a sell order. If you do not enter an order, the broker-dealer will ordinarily assume that you want to continue to hold your ARS, but if you fail to submit an order and the dividend period is a special dividend period, the broker-dealer will treat your failure to submit an order as a sell order.
If you do not then own ARS, or want to buy more shares, you may instruct a broker-dealer to enter a bid order to buy shares in an auction at $25,000
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per share at or above the dividend rate you specify. If you bid for shares you do not already own at a rate higher than the then-maximum rate, your bid will not be considered.
Broker-dealers will submit orders from existing and potential holders of ARS to the auction agent. Neither the Fund nor the auction agent will be responsible for a broker-dealer's failure to submit orders from existing or potential holders of ARS. A broker-dealer's failure to submit orders for ARS held by it or its customers will be treated in the same manner as a holder's failure to submit an order to the broker-dealer. A broker-dealer may submit orders to the auction agent for its own account provided that the broker-dealer is not an affiliate of the Fund. If a broker-dealer submits an order for its own account in any auction, it may have knowledge of orders placed through it in that auction and therefore have an advantage over other bidders, but such broker-dealer would not have knowledge of orders submitted by other broker-dealers in that auction. As a result of bidding by the broker-dealer in an auction, the auction rate may be higher or lower than the rate that would have prevailed had the broker-dealer not bid. The Fund may not submit an order in any auction.
The auction agent after each auction for the ARS will pay to each broker-dealer, from funds provided by the Fund, a service charge equal to, in the case of any auction immediately preceding a dividend period of less than one year, the product of (i) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in such dividend period and the denominator of which is 360, times (ii) 1/4 of 1%, times (iii) $25,000, times (iv) the aggregate number of ARS placed by such broker-dealer at such auction. In the case of any auction immediately preceding a dividend period of one year or longer, the service charge shall be determined by mutual consent of the Fund and any such broker-dealer and shall be based upon a selling concession that would be applicable to an underwriting of fixed or variable rate preferred shares with a similar final maturity or variable rate dividend period, respectively, at the commencement of the dividend period with respect to such action. A broker-dealer may share a portion of any such fees with non-participating broker-dealers that submit orders to the broker-dealer for an auction that are placed by that broker-dealer in such auction.
There are sufficient clearing bids for shares of ARS in an auction if the number of ARS subject to bid orders by broker-dealers for potential holders with a dividend rate equal to or lower than the then-maximum rate is at least equal to the number of ARS subject to sell orders and the number of shares of ARS subject to bids specifying rates higher than the then-maximum rate for the ARS submitted or deemed submitted to the auction agent by broker-dealers for existing holders. If there are sufficient clearing bids for shares of ARS, then the dividend rate for the next dividend period will be the lowest rate submitted which, taking into account that rate and all lower rate bids submitted from existing and potential holders, would result in existing and potential holders owning all the ARS available for purchase in the auction.
If there are not sufficient clearing bids for shares of ARS, then the auction is considered to be a failed auction, and the dividend rate for the next period will be the maximum rate. If the Fund has declared a special dividend period
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and there are not sufficient clearing bids, then the special dividend rate will not be effective and the dividend rate for the next period will be the same as during the current rate period. In either event, existing holders that have submitted sell orders (or are treated as having submitted sell orders) may not be able to sell any or all of the ARS for which they submitted sell orders.
The auction agent will not consider a bid above the then-maximum rate. The purpose of the maximum rate is to place an upper limit on distributions with respect to the ARS and in so doing to help protect the earnings available to pay distributions on the Fund's common shares, and to serve as the dividend rate in the event of a failed auction (that is, an auction where there are more shares of ARS offered for sale than there are buyers for those shares).
If broker-dealers submit or are deemed to submit hold orders for all outstanding ARS, the auction is considered an "all hold" auction and the dividend rate for the next dividend period will be the "all hold rate," which is 90% of the then-current reference rate. This rate may be less than the rate that would have been determined if an auction had occurred.
The auction procedures include a pro rata allocation of each share of ARS for purchase and sale. This allocation process may result in an existing holder selling, or a potential holder buying, fewer shares than the number of ARS in its order. If this happens, broker-dealers that have designated themselves as existing holders or potential holders in respect of customer orders will be required to make appropriate pro rata allocations among their respective customers.
Settlement of purchases and sales will be made through DTC on the next business day after the auction date (which also is a dividend payment date). Purchasers will pay for their ARS through broker-dealers in same-day funds to DTC against delivery to the broker-dealers. DTC will make payment to the sellers' broker-dealers in accordance with its normal procedures, which require broker-dealers to make payment against delivery in same-day funds. As used in this prospectus, a business day is a day on which the NYSE is open for trading, and which is not a Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which banks in New York City are authorized or obligated by law to close.
The first auction for ARS will be held on November 9, 2005, the business day preceding the dividend payment date for the initial dividend period. Thereafter, except during special dividend periods, auctions for ARS normally will be held every Wednesday (or the next preceding business day if Wednesday is a holiday), and each subsequent dividend period for the ARS normally will begin on the following Thursday.
Tax Treatment of Preferred
Share Distributions The Fund expects that distributions on the Series D Preferred and the ARS will consist of (i) long-term capital gain (gain from the sale of a capital asset held longer than 12 months), (ii) qualified dividend income (dividend income from certain domestic and foreign corporations) and (iii) investment company taxable income (other than qualified dividend income), including interest income, short-term capital gain and income from certain hedging and interest rate transactions. For individuals, the
7
maximum federal income tax rate on long-term capital gain is currently 15%, on qualified dividend income is currently 15%, and on ordinary income (such as distributions from investment company taxable income that are not eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income) is currently 35%. These tax rates are scheduled to apply through 2008. We cannot assure you, however, as to what percentage of the distributions paid on the Series D Preferred or the ARS will consist of long-term capital gain and qualified dividend income, which are taxed at lower rates for individuals than ordinary income. For a more detailed discussion, see "Taxation."
Rating and Asset Coverage
Requirements Series D Preferred. In order to be issued, the Series D Preferred must receive a rating of "Aaa" from Moody's. The Series D Statement of Preferences contains certain tests that the Fund must satisfy to obtain and maintain a rating of "Aaa" from Moody's on the Series D Preferred. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Rating Agency Guidelines."
Series E Auction Rate Preferred. In order to be issued, the ARS must receive both a rating of "Aaa" from Moody's and a rating of "AAA" from S&P. As with the Series D Preferred, the Series E Statement of Preferences contains certain tests that the Fund must satisfy to obtain and maintain a rating of "Aaa" from Moody's and "AAA" from S&P. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Rating Agency Guidelines."
Asset Coverage Requirements. Under the asset coverage tests to which each of the Series D Preferred and the ARS is subject, the Fund is required to maintain (i) assets having in the aggregate a discounted value greater than or equal to a Basic Maintenance Amount (as described under "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Rating Agency Guidelines") for each such series calculated pursuant to the applicable rating agency guidelines and (ii) an asset coverage of at least 200% (or such higher or lower percentage as may be required at the time under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act")) with respect to all outstanding preferred shares of the Fund, including the Series D Preferred and the ARS. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Asset Maintenance Requirements."
The Fund estimates that if the shares offered hereby had been issued and sold as of September 30, 2005, the asset coverage under the 1940 Act would have been approximately 458% immediately following such issuance (and after giving effect to the deduction of the estimated underwriting discounts of $3,397,500 and estimated offering expenses for such shares of $475,000). The asset coverage would have been computed as follows:
Value of Fund assets less liabilities not constituting senior securities |
|
$2,289,314,657 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
= | = | 458 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Senior securities representing indebtedness plus liquidation preference of each class of preferred shares |
|
$500,000,000 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
8
The Statement of Preferences for each of the Series D Preferred and the ARS, which contain the technical provisions of the various components of the asset coverage tests, will be filed as exhibits to this registration statement and may be obtained through the web site of the Securities and Exchange Commission (http://www.sec.gov).
Mandatory Redemption The Series D Preferred and the ARS may be subject to mandatory redemption by the Fund to the extent the Fund fails to maintain the asset coverage requirements in accordance with the rating agency guidelines or the 1940 Act described above and does not cure such failure by the applicable cure date. If the Fund redeems preferred shares mandatorily, it may, but is not required to, redeem a sufficient number of such shares so that after the redemption the Fund exceeds the asset coverage required by the guidelines of each of the applicable rating agencies and the 1940 Act by 10%.
With respect to the Series D Preferred, any such redemption will be made for cash at a redemption price equal to $25 per share, plus an amount equal to accumulated and unmade distributions (whether or not earned or declared) to the redemption date.
With respect to the ARS, any such redemption will be made for cash at a redemption price equal to $25,000 per share, plus an amount equal to accumulated but unmade distributions (whether or not earned or declared) to the redemption date, plus, in the case of the ARS having a dividend period of more than one year, any applicable redemption premium determined by the Board of Trustees. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and the Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Redemption."
In the event of a mandatory redemption, such redemption will be made from the Series D Preferred, the ARS or other preferred shares of the Fund in such proportions as the Fund may determine, subject to the limitations of the Governing Documents and 1940 Act.
Optional Redemption Subject to the limitations of the Governing Documents and 1940 Act, the Fund may, at its option, redeem the Series D Preferred and the ARS as follows:
Series D Preferred. Commencing November 3, 2010 and at any time thereafter, the Fund at its option may redeem the Series D Preferred, in whole or in part, for cash at a redemption price per share equal to $25, plus an amount equal to accumulated and unmade distributions (whether or not earned or declared) to the redemption date. If fewer than all of the shares of the Series D Preferred are to be redeemed, such redemption will be made pro rata in accordance with the number of such shares held. Prior to November 3, 2010 the Series D Preferred will be subject to optional redemption by the Fund at the redemption price only to the extent necessary for the Fund to continue to qualify for tax treatment as a regulated investment company. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Redemption - Optional Redemption of the Series D Preferred."
Series E Auction Rate Preferred. The Fund generally may redeem the ARS, in whole or in part, at its option at any time (usually on a dividend or distribution payment date), other than during a non-call period. The Fund
9
may declare a non-call period during a dividend period of more than seven days. If fewer than all of the shares of the ARS are to be redeemed, such redemption will be made pro rata in accordance with the number of such shares held. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Redemption - Optional Redemption of the Series E Auction Rate Preferred."
The redemption price per share of the ARS will equal $25,000, plus an amount equal to any accumulated but unmade distributions thereon (whether or not earned or declared) to the redemption date, plus, in the case of the ARS having a dividend period of more than one year, any redemption premium applicable during such dividend period.
See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Redemption - Optional Redemption of the Series E Auction Rate Preferred."
Voting Rights At all times, holders of the Fund's outstanding preferred shares (including the Series D Preferred and the ARS), voting as a single class, will be entitled to elect two members of the Fund's Board of Trustees, and holders of the preferred shares and common shares, voting as a single class, will elect the remaining trustees. However, upon a failure by the Fund to make distributions on any of its preferred shares in an amount equal to two full years of distributions, holders of the preferred shares, voting as a single class, will have the right to elect additional trustees that would then constitute a simple majority of the Board of Trustees until all cumulative distributions on all preferred shares have been made or provided for. Holders of outstanding Series D Preferred, ARS and any other preferred shares will vote separately as a class on certain other matters as required under the applicable Statement of Preferences, the Governing Documents and 1940 Act. Except as otherwise indicated in this prospectus and as otherwise required by applicable law, holders of Series D Preferred and ARS will be entitled to one vote per share on each matter submitted to a vote of shareholders and will vote together with holders of common shares and any other preferred shares as a single class. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Voting Rights."
Liquidation Preference The liquidation preference of the Series D Preferred is $25. The liquidation preference of the ARS is $25,000 per share. Upon liquidation, preferred shareholders will be entitled to receive the liquidation preference with respect to their preferred shares plus an amount equal to accumulated but unmade distributions with respect to such shares (whether or not earned or declared) to the date of liquidation. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Liquidation Rights."
Use of Proceeds The Fund will use the net proceeds from the offering to purchase additional portfolio securities in accordance with its investment objective and policies. See "Use of Proceeds."
Listing of the Series D Preferred Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the Series D Preferred. The Series D Preferred have been approved for listing on the NYSE and it is anticipated that trading of the Series D Preferred on the NYSE will commence within 30 days from the date of this prospectus.
10
There can be no assurance that a secondary market will provide owners with liquidity.
Limitation on Secondary Market
Trading of the Series E Auction Rate Preferred The ARS will not be listed on an exchange. Broker-dealers may, but are not obligated to, maintain a secondary trading market in the ARS outside of auctions. There can be no assurance that a secondary market will provide owners with liquidity. You may transfer ARS outside of auctions only to or through a broker-dealer that has entered into an agreement with the auction agent or other persons as the Fund permits.
Special Characteristics and Risks Risk is inherent in all investing. Therefore, before investing in the Series D Preferred or the ARS you should consider the risks carefully. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations."
Series D Preferred. Primary risks specially associated with an investment in the Series D Preferred include:
The market price for the Series D Preferred will be influenced by changes in interest rates, the perceived credit quality of the Series D Preferred and other factors. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Special Risks of the Series D Preferred - Fluctuations in Market Price."
Prior to the offering, there has been no public market for the Series D Preferred. The Series D Preferred have been approved for listing on the NYSE and it is anticipated that trading of the Series D Preferred on the NYSE will commence within 30 days from the date of this prospectus. During such 30-day period, the underwriters may make a market in the Series D Preferred, however, they have no obligation to do so. Consequently, the Series D Preferred may be illiquid during such period. No assurances can be provided that listing on any securities exchange or market making by the underwriters will result in the market for Series D Preferred being liquid at any time. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Special Risks of the Series D Preferred - Illiquidity Risk."
Series E Auction Rate Preferred. Primary risks specifically associated with an investment in ARS include:
You may not be able to sell your ARS at an auction if the auction fails, i.e., if there are more shares offered for sale than there are buyers for those shares. Also, if you place an order at an auction to retain ARS only at a specified rate that exceeds the rate set at the auction, you will not retain your shares. Additionally, if you place a hold order without specifying a rate below which you would not wish to continue to hold your shares and the auction sets a below-market rate, you will receive a lower rate of return on your shares than the market rate. Finally, the dividend period may be changed, subject to certain conditions and with notice to the holders of the affected series of ARS, which could also affect the liquidity of your investment. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Special Risks of the Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Auction and Secondary Market Risk."
If you try to sell your ARS between auctions, you may not be able to sell them for $25,000 per share or $25,000 per share plus accumulated
11
distributions. If the Fund has designated a special dividend period of more than seven days, changes in interest rates could affect the price you would receive if you sold your shares in the secondary market. Broker-dealers that may maintain a secondary trading market for ARS are not required to maintain this market, and the Fund is not required to redeem ARS if either an auction or an attempted secondary market sale fails because of a lack of buyers. In addition, a broker-dealer may, in its own discretion, decide to sell ARS in the secondary market to investors at any time and at any price, including at prices equivalent to, below or above the par value of the ARS. The ARS are not listed on a stock exchange or the NASDAQ stock market.
If you sell your ARS to a broker-dealer between auctions, you may receive less than the price you paid for the shares, especially when market interest rates have risen since the last auction or during a special dividend period. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Special Risks of the Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Auction and Secondary Market Risk."
Both the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred. An investment in either the Series D Preferred or the ARS also includes the following primary risks:
You will have no right to require the Fund to repurchase or redeem your shares of Series D Preferred or ARS at any time.
The market value for the Series D Preferred and the ARS will be influenced by changes in interest rates, the perceived credit quality of the Series D Preferred or the ARS and other factors.
The credit rating on the Series D Preferred and the ARS could be reduced or withdrawn while an investor holds shares, and the credit rating does not eliminate or mitigate the risks of investing in the Series D Preferred and ARS. A reduction or withdrawal of the credit rating would likely have an adverse effect on the market value of the Series D Preferred and ARS.
The Fund may not meet the asset coverage requirements or earn sufficient income from its investments to make distributions on the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS.
The value of the Fund's investment portfolio may decline, reducing the asset coverage for the Series D Preferred and the ARS. Further, if an issuer of a common stock in which the Fund invests experiences financial difficulties or if an issuer's preferred stock or debt security is downgraded or defaults or if an issuer in which the Fund invests is affected by other adverse market factors, there may be a negative impact on the income and asset value of the Fund's investment portfolio. In such circumstances, the Fund may be forced to mandatorily redeem shares of Series D Preferred and/or ARS.
The Fund generally may redeem the ARS, in whole or in part, at its option at any time (usually on a dividend or distribution payment date), other than during a non-call period, and may redeem your Series D Preferred at any time after November 3, 2010, and may at any time redeem shares of either or both series to meet regulatory or rating agency requirements. Because of historically low interest rates, the current low cost of the ARS to the Fund may rise dramatically, which in turn may prompt the Fund to redeem
12
the ARS earlier than it otherwise might. The Series D Preferred and the ARS are subject to redemption under specified circumstances and investors may not be able to reinvest the proceeds of any such redemption in an investment providing the same or a better rate than that of the Series D Preferred or the ARS. Subject to such circumstances, the Series D Preferred and the ARS are perpetual.
The Series D Preferred and the ARS are not obligations of the Fund. The Series D Preferred and the ARS would be junior in respect of distributions and liquidation preference to any indebtedness incurred by the Fund, including any senior securities of the Fund representing debt. Although unlikely, precipitous declines in the value of the Fund's assets could result in the Fund having insufficient assets to redeem all of the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS for the full redemption price.
The Fund currently uses, and intends to continue to use, financial leverage for investment purposes by issuing preferred shares and senior securities representing debt. It is currently anticipated that, taking into account the Series D Preferred and the ARS being offered in this prospectus, the amount of leverage will represent approximately 22% of the Fund's managed assets (as defined below). The Fund expects that depending on interest rates and available investment opportunities it will increase over time its financial leverage through the issuance of additional senior securities up to 33% of the Fund's total assets including the proceeds of the Series D Preferred and the ARS. The Fund's leveraged capital structure creates special risks not associated with unleveraged funds having a similar investment objective and policies. These include the possibility of greater loss and the likelihood of higher volatility of the net asset value of the Fund and the asset coverage for the Series D Preferred and the ARS. Such volatility may increase the likelihood of the Fund having to sell investments in order to meet its obligations to make distributions on the preferred shares or principal or interest payments on debt securities, or to redeem preferred shares or repay debt, when it may be disadvantageous to do so. Also, if the Fund is utilizing leverage, a decline in net asset value could affect the ability of the Fund to make common share distributions and such a failure to make distributions could result in the Fund ceasing to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). See "Taxation."
Because the fee paid to the Investment Adviser will be calculated on the basis of the Fund's assets, which includes for this purpose assets attributable to the aggregate net asset value of the common shares plus assets attributable to any outstanding senior securities, with no deduction for the liquidation preference of any preferred shares, the fee may be higher when leverage in the form of preferred shares is utilized, giving the Investment Adviser an incentive to utilize such leverage. However, the Investment Adviser has agreed to reduce the management fee on the incremental assets attributable to the Existing Preferred and the Series D Preferred or ARS during the fiscal year if the total return of the net asset value of common shares, including distributions and management fee subject to reduction for that year, does not exceed the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of each particular series of preferred shares for
13
the period. The Fund's total return on the net asset value of the common shares is monitored on a monthly basis to assess whether the total return on the net asset value of the common shares exceeds the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of each particular series of preferred shares for the period. The test to confirm the accrual of the management fee on the assets attributable to each particular series of preferred shares is annual. The Fund will accrue for the management fee on these assets during the fiscal year if it appears probable that the Fund will incur the management fee on those additional assets. For the six months ended June 30, 2005, the Fund's total return on the net asset value of the common shares exceeded the stated dividend rate or net swap expense of the Series C Auction Market Preferred. Thus, management fees were accrued on these assets. The Fund's total return on the net asset value of the common shares did not exceed the stated dividend rate or net swap expense of the Series A Preferred and Series B Auction Market Preferred. Thus, management fees with respect to the liquidation value of those preferred shares in the amount of $892,603 were not accrued. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks Associated with both Series D Preferred and the Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Leverage Risk."
As provided in the 1940 Act, and subject to compliance with the Fund's investment limitations, the Fund may issue senior securities representing debt. In the event the Fund were to issue such securities, the Fund's obligations to make distributions and, upon liquidation of the Fund, liquidation payments in respect of its preferred shares would be subordinate to the Fund's obligations to make any principal and interest payments due and owing with respect to its outstanding debt securities. Accordingly, the Fund's issuance of senior securities representing debt would have the effect of creating special risks for the Fund's preferred shareholders (including the holders of Series D Preferred and ARS) that would not be present in a capital structure that did not include such securities. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks Associated with both Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Special Risks to Preferred Shares of Senior Securities Representing Debt."
Restrictions imposed on the declaration and payment of dividends or other distributions to the holders of the Fund's common shares and preferred shares, both by the 1940 Act and by requirements imposed by rating agencies, might impair the Fund's ability to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. While the Fund intends to redeem its preferred shares (including the Series D Preferred and the ARS) to the extent necessary to enable the Fund to distribute its income as required to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company under the Code, there can be no assurance that such actions can be effected in time to meet the Code requirements. See "Taxation" in the SAI.
Certain of the underwriters have advised the Fund that they and various other broker-dealers and other firms that participate in the auction rate securities market received letters from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission in the spring of 2004. The letters requested that
14
each of these firms voluntarily conduct an investigation regarding its respective practices and procedures in that market. Pursuant to these requests, each underwriter conducted its own voluntary review and reported its findings to the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission. At the request of the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, these underwriters are engaging in discussions with the staff concerning its inquiry. Neither they nor the Fund can predict the ultimate outcome of the inquiry or how that outcome will affect the market for the auction rate securities or the auctions.
The Fund has adopted a policy, which may be changed at any time by the Board of Trustees, of making a distribution on its common shares of $0.10 per month, which is equal to an annual rate of 6% of the original issue price of the common shares. In the event investment returns do not provide sufficient amounts to fund such distributions, the Fund may be required to return capital as part of such distribution, which may have the effect of decreasing the asset coverage per share with respect to the Fund's Series D Preferred and ARS. A portion of the Fund's distributions to date have included or have been estimated to include a return of capital. The composition of distributions is based on earnings as of the record date for the distribution. The actual composition of the distribution may change based on the Fund's investment activity through the end of the year.
The Fund focuses its investments on dividend-paying common and preferred stocks that the Investment Adviser believes are undervalued or inexpensive relative to other investments. These types of securities may present risks in addition to the general risks associated with investing in common and preferred stocks including the risk of incorrectly estimating certain fundamental factors. In addition, during certain time periods market dynamics may strongly favor "growth" stocks of issuers that do not display strong fundamentals relative to market price based upon positive price momentum and other factors. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Value Investing Risk."
As a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company under the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest a greater portion of its assets in a more limited number of issuers than may a diversified fund, and accordingly, an investment in the Fund may, under certain circumstances, present greater risk to an investor than an investment in a diversified company. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Non-Diversified Status."
The Fund may invest up to 25% of its assets in the securities of companies principally engaged in a single industry. In the event the Fund makes substantial investments in a single industry, the Fund would become more susceptible to adverse economic or regulatory occurrences affecting that industry. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Industry Concentration Risk."
Special risks associated with the Fund's investing in preferred securities include deferral of distributions or dividend payments, in some cases the right of an issuer never to pay missed dividends, subordination, illiquidity, limited voting rights and redemption by the issuer. Because the Fund has
15
no limit on its investment in non-cumulative preferred securities, the amount of distributions the Fund makes may be adversely affected if an issuer of a non-cumulative preferred stock held by the Fund determines not to pay dividends on such stock. There is no assurance that distributions on preferred stock in which the Fund invests will be declared or otherwise made. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Special Risks Related to Preferred Securities."
The Fund has no limit on the amount of its net assets it may invest in unregistered and otherwise illiquid investments. The Fund currently does not intend to invest more than 15% of its total net assets in illiquid securities. Unregistered securities are securities that cannot be sold publicly in the United States without registration under the Securities Act of 1933. Unregistered securities generally can be resold only in privately negotiated transactions with a limited number of purchasers or in a public offering registered under the Securities Act of 1933. Considerable delay could be encountered in either event and, unless otherwise contractually provided for, the Fund's proceeds upon sale may be reduced by the costs of registration or underwriting discounts. The difficulties and delays associated with such transactions could result in the Fund's inability to realize a favorable price upon disposition of unregistered securities, and at times might make disposition of such securities impossible. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Illiquid Securities."
The Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in foreign securities. Investing in securities of foreign companies (or foreign governments), which are generally denominated in foreign currencies, may involve certain risks and opportunities not typically associated with investing in domestic companies and could cause the Fund to be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency exchange rates and revaluation of currencies. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Foreign Securities Risk."
While the Fund intends to focus on the securities of established suppliers of accepted products and services, the Fund may also invest in smaller companies which may benefit from the development of new products and services. These smaller companies may present greater opportunities for capital appreciation, and may also involve greater investment risk than larger, more established companies. For example, smaller companies may have more limited product lines, market or financial resources, and their securities may trade less frequently and in lower volume than the securities of larger, more established companies. As a result, the prices of the securities of such smaller companies may fluctuate to a greater degree than the prices of securities of other issuers. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Smaller Companies."
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies to the extent permitted by law. To the extent the Fund invests in the common equity of investment companies, the Fund will bear its ratable share of any such investment company's expenses, including management fees. The Fund will also remain obligated to pay management fees to the Investment Adviser with respect to the assets invested in the securities of other
16
investment companies. In these circumstances, holders of the Fund's common shares will be subject to duplicative investment expenses. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Investment Companies."
The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in fixed-income securities rated below investment grade by recognized statistical rating agencies or unrated securities of comparable quality. The prices of these lower grade securities are more sensitive to negative developments, such as a decline in the issuer's revenues or a general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher grade securities. Securities of below investment grade quality are predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest and repay principal when due and therefore involve a greater risk of default and are commonly referred to as "junk bonds." See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Lower Grade Securities."
The Fund may participate in certain derivative transactions. Such transactions entail certain execution, market, liquidity, hedging and tax risks. Participation in the options or futures markets and in currency exchange transactions involves investment risks and transaction costs to which the Fund would not be subject absent the use of these strategies. The Fund's current intention is to invest less than 25% of its total net assets in options or other derivative securities. If the Investment Adviser's prediction of movements in the direction of the securities, foreign currency or interest rate markets is inaccurate, the consequences to the Fund may leave the Fund in a worse position than if it had not used such strategies. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Special Risks of Derivative Transactions."
The Fund has entered into an interest rate swap transaction with respect to its outstanding Series B Auction Market Preferred. The Fund may enter into an interest rate swap or cap transaction with respect to its outstanding Series C Auction Market Preferred, and may enter into an interest rate swap or cap transaction with respect to all or a portion of the ARS. The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly specialized activity that involves certain risks to the Fund including, among others, counterparty risk and early termination risk. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Interest Rate Transactions."
The Fund may seek to earn income by lending portfolio securities to broker-dealers or other institutional borrowers. As with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in the securities loaned if the borrower of the securities violates the terms of the loan or fails financially. The Fund currently does not intend to lend securities representing more than 33% of its total net assets. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Loans of Portfolio Securities."
The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed portfolio. The Investment Adviser will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be
17
no guarantee that these will produce the desired results. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Management Risk."
The Investment Adviser is dependent upon the expertise of Mr. Mario J. Gabelli in providing advisory services with respect to the Fund's investments. If the Investment Adviser were to lose the services of Mr. Gabelli, its ability to service the Fund could be adversely affected. There can be no assurance that a suitable replacement could be found for Mr. Gabelli in the event of his death, resignation, retirement or inability to act on behalf of the Investment Adviser. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Dependence on Key Personnel."
The Fund's Governing Documents (as defined herein) include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund to an open-end fund. See "Anti-Takeover Provisions of the Fund's Governing Documents."
The Fund has elected and has qualified for, and intends to remain qualified for, federal income tax purposes as a regulated investment company. Qualification requires, among other things, compliance by the Fund with certain distribution requirements. Statutory limitations on distributions on the common shares if the Fund fails to satisfy the 1940 Act's asset coverage requirements could jeopardize the Fund's ability to meet such distribution requirements. The Fund presently intends, however, to purchase or redeem preferred shares to the extent necessary in order to maintain compliance with such asset coverage requirements. See "Taxation" for a more complete discussion of these and other federal income tax considerations.
Management and Fees Gabelli Funds, LLC serves as the Fund's Investment Adviser and its fee is calculated on the basis of the Fund's assets, which includes for this purpose assets attributable to the aggregate net asset value of the common shares plus assets attributable to any outstanding senior securities, with no deduction for the liquidation preference of any preferred shares. The fee may be higher when leverage in the form of preferred shares is utilized, giving the Investment Adviser an incentive to utilize such leverage. However, the Investment Adviser has agreed to reduce the management fee on the incremental assets attributable to the Existing Preferred and the Series D Preferred or ARS during the fiscal year if the total return of the net asset value of the common shares, including distributions and management fee subject to reduction for that year, does not exceed the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of each particular series of preferred shares for the period. The Fund's total return on the net asset value of the common shares is monitored on a monthly basis to assess whether the total return on the net asset value of the common shares exceeds the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of each particular series of preferred shares for the period. The test to confirm the accrual of the management fee on the assets attributable to each particular series of preferred shares is annual. The Fund will accrue for the management fee on these assets during the fiscal year if it appears probable that the Fund will incur the management fee on those additional
18
assets. For the six months ended June 30, 2005, the Fund's total return on the net asset value of the common shares exceeded the stated dividend rate or net swap expense of the Series C Auction Market Preferred. Thus, management fees were accrued on these assets. The Fund's total return on the net asset value of the common shares did not exceed the stated dividend rate or net swap expense of the Series A Preferred and Series B Auction Market Preferred. Thus, management fees with respect to the liquidation value of those preferred shares in the amount of $892,603 were not accrued. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks Associated with both Series D Preferred and the Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Leverage Risk."
The Securities and Exchange Commission, the New York Attorney General and officials of other states have been conducting inquiries into, and bringing enforcement and other proceedings regarding, trading abuses involving open-end investment companies. The Investment Adviser has received information requests and subpoenas from the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Attorney General in connection with these inquiries. The Investment Adviser and its affiliates have been complying with these requests for documents and testimony and have implemented additional compliance policies and procedures in response to recent industry initiatives and their internal reviews of their mutual fund practices in a variety of areas. For further details regarding the Investment Adviser's review in connection with these requests, see "Management of the Fund - Regulatory Matters."
Repurchase of Common Shares
and Anti-takeover Provisions The Fund's Board of Trustees has authorized the Fund to repurchase its common shares in the open market when the common shares are trading at a discount of 7.5% or more from net asset value. Such repurchases are subject to certain notice and other requirements under the 1940 Act. Since the Fund commenced operations on November 28, 2003, it has repurchased 365,700 of its shares on the open market as of September 30, 2005.
Certain provisions of the Fund's Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws (collectively, the "Governing Documents") may be regarded as "anti-takeover" provisions. Pursuant to these provisions, only one of three classes of trustees is elected each year, and the affirmative vote of the holders of 75% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are necessary to authorize the conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company. The overall effect of these provisions is to render more difficult the accomplishment of a merger with, or the assumption of control by, a principal shareholder. These provisions may have the effect of depriving Fund common shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium to the prevailing market price. See "Anti-Takeover Provisions of the Fund's Governing Documents."
Custodian, Transfer Agent,
Auction Agent, and Dividend
Disbursing Agent State Street Bank and Trust Company (the "Custodian"), 1776 Heritage Drive, North Quincy, Massachusetts 02171, serves as the custodian of the Fund's assets pursuant to a custody agreement. Under the custody agreement, the Custodian holds the Fund's assets in compliance with the
19
1940 Act. For its services, the Custodian receives a monthly fee based upon, among other things, the average value of the total assets of the Fund, plus certain charges for securities transactions.
Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc., 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021, serves as the Fund's dividend disbursing agent, as agent under the Fund's automatic dividend reinvestment and voluntary cash purchase plan, and as transfer agent and registrar with respect to the common shares of the Fund.
Series D Preferred. Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. will serve as the transfer agent, registrar, dividend paying agent and redemption agent with respect to the Series D Preferred.
Series E Auction Rate Preferred. The Bank of New York will serve as the auction agent, transfer agent, registrar, dividend paying agent and redemption agent with respect to the ARS.
Interest Rate Transactions The Fund has entered into an interest rate swap transaction with respect to its outstanding Series B Auction Market Preferred, and may enter into an interest rate swap or cap transaction with respect to all or a portion of its outstanding Series C Auction Market Preferred or ARS. Through these transactions the Fund may, for example, obtain the equivalent of a fixed rate for a series of the Series B Auction Market Preferred, and the Series C Auction Market Preferred (collectively, the "Auction Market Preferred") or ARS that is lower than the Fund would have to pay if it issued fixed rate preferred shares. The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions.
In an interest rate swap, the Fund would agree to pay to the other party to the interest rate swap (which is known as the "counterparty") periodically a fixed rate payment in exchange for the counterparty agreeing to pay to the Fund periodically a variable rate payment that is intended to approximate the Fund's variable rate payment obligation on a series of the Auction Market Preferred or ARS. In an interest rate cap, the Fund would pay a premium to the counterparty to the interest rate cap and, to the extent that a specified variable rate index exceeds a predetermined fixed rate, the Fund would receive from the counterparty payments of the difference based on the notional amount of such cap. Interest rate swap and cap transactions introduce additional risk because the Fund would remain obligated to pay preferred share distributions when due in accordance with the Statement of Preferences of each of the series of Auction Market Preferred or ARS even if the counterparty defaulted. Depending on the general state of short-term interest rates and the returns on the Fund's portfolio securities at that point in time, such a default could negatively affect the Fund's ability to make distributions on its preferred shares. In addition, at the time an interest rate swap or cap transaction reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a risk that the Fund will not be able to obtain a replacement transaction or that the terms of the replacement will not be as favorable as on the expiring transaction. If this occurs, it could have a negative impact on the Fund's ability to make distributions on its preferred shares.
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A sudden and dramatic decline in interest rates may result in a significant decline in the asset coverage. If the Fund fails to maintain the required asset coverage on its outstanding preferred shares or fails to comply with other covenants, the Fund may, at its option (and in certain circumstances must require), consistent with its Governing Documents and the requirements of the 1940 Act, that some or all of its outstanding preferred shares (including the Series D Preferred or the ARS) be redeemed. Such redemption likely would result in the Fund seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or cap transaction. Early termination of a swap could require the Fund to make a termination payment to the counterparty.
The Fund intends to segregate cash or liquid securities having a value at least equal to the value of the Fund's net payment obligations under any swap transaction, marked to market daily. The Fund does not presently intend to enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions relating to the ARS in a notional amount in excess of the outstanding amount of the ARS. The Fund will monitor any such swap with a view to ensuring that the Fund remains in compliance with all applicable regulatory investment policy and tax requirements. See "How the Fund Manages Risk - Interest Rate Transactions."
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FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The table below sets forth selected financial data for a common share outstanding throughout the periods presented. The per share operating performance and ratios for the fiscal periods ended December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2003, have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Fund's Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, as stated in its report which is incorporated by reference into the SAI. The following information should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and Notes thereto, which are incorporated by reference into the SAI.
Selected data for a common share of beneficial interest outstanding throughout each period: |
Six Months Ended June 30, 2005 |
Year Ended December 31, 2004 |
Period Ended December 31, 2003(a) |
||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||
Operating Performance: | |||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 20.12 | $ | 19.26 | $ | 19.06 | (b) | ||||||||
Net investment income (loss) | 0.28 | 0.40 | - | ||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments | 0.69 | 1.80 | 0.20 | ||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.97 | 2.20 | 0.20 | ||||||||||||
Distributions to Preferred Shareholders: | |||||||||||||||
Net investment income | (0.05 | )(g) | (0.01 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Net realized gain on investments | (0.01 | )(g) | (0.01 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Total distributions to preferred shareholders | (0.06 | ) | (0.02 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Net Increase (Decrease) in Net Assets Attributable to Common Shareholders Resulting from Operations |
0.91 | 2.18 | - | ||||||||||||
Distributions to Common Shareholders: | |||||||||||||||
Net investment income | (0.23 | )(g) | (0.39 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Net realized gain on investments | (0.07 | )(g) | (0.24 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Return of capital | (0.30 | )(g) | (0.57 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Total distributions to common shareholders | (0.60 | ) | (1.20 | ) | - | ||||||||||
Capital Share Transactions: | |||||||||||||||
Increase (decrease) in net asset value from common share transactions |
0.01 | (0.05 | ) | - | |||||||||||
Offering costs for common shares charged to paid-in capital |
- | (0.01 | ) | - | |||||||||||
Offering costs for preferred shares charged to paid-in capital |
- | (0.06 | ) | - | |||||||||||
Total from capital share transactions | 0.01 | (0.12 | ) | - | |||||||||||
Net Asset Value Attributable to Common Shareholders, End of Period |
$ | 20.44 | $ | 20.12 | $ | 19.26 | |||||||||
Net asset value total return*** | 4.68 | % | 11.56 | % | 1.0 | %* | |||||||||
Market value, end of period | $ | 18.58 | $ | 17.95 | $ | 20.00 | |||||||||
Total investment return**** | 6.99 | % | (4.15 | )% | 0.0 | %** |
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Six Months Ended June 30, 2005 |
Year Ended December 31, 2004 |
Period Ended December 31, 2003(a) |
|||||||||||||
(Unaudited) | |||||||||||||||
Ratios and Supplemental Data: | |||||||||||||||
Net assets including liquidation value of preferred shares, end of period (in 000's) |
$ | 2,032,679 | $ | 2,006,703 | - | ||||||||||
Net assets attributable to common shares, end of period (in 000's) |
$ | 1,732,679 | $ | 1,706,703 | $ | 1,451,650 | |||||||||
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets attributable to common shares |
2.82 | %(c) | 2.17 | % | (0.04 | )%(c) | |||||||||
Ratio of operating expenses to average net assets attributable to common shares(f)***** |
1.19 | %(c) | 1.12 | % | 1.38 | %(c) | |||||||||
Ratio of operating expenses to average net assets including liquidation value of preferred shares(f)***** |
1.01 | %(c) | 1.07 | % | - | ||||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 7.3 | % | 33.3 | % | 0.4 | % | |||||||||
5.875% Series A Cumulative Preferred Shares | |||||||||||||||
Liquidation value, end of period (in 000's) | $ | 80,000 | $ | 80,000 | - | ||||||||||
Total shares outstanding (in 000's) | 3,200 | 3,200 | - | ||||||||||||
Liquidation preference per share | $ | 25.00 | $ | 25.00 | - | ||||||||||
Average market value(d) | $ | 24.82 | $ | 24.68 | - | ||||||||||
Average coverage per share | $ | 169.39 | $ | 167.23 | - | ||||||||||
Series B Auction Market Preferred Shares | |||||||||||||||
Liquidation value, end of period (in 000's) | $ | 100,000 | $ | 100,000 | - | ||||||||||
Total shares outstanding (in 000's) | 4 | 4 | - | ||||||||||||
Liquidation preference per share | $ | 25,000 | $ | 25,000 | - | ||||||||||
Average market value(d) | $ | 25,000 | $ | 25,000 | - | ||||||||||
Average coverage per share | $ | 169,390 | $ | 167,225 | - | ||||||||||
Series C Auction Market Preferred Shares | |||||||||||||||
Liquidation value, end of period (in 000's) | $ | 120,000 | $ | 120,000 | - | ||||||||||
Total shares outstanding (in 000's) | 5 | 5 | - | ||||||||||||
Liquidation preference per share | $ | 25,000 | $ | 25,000 | - | ||||||||||
Average market value(d) | $ | 25,000 | $ | 25,000 | - | ||||||||||
Average coverage per share | $ | 169,390 | $ | 167,225 | - | ||||||||||
Asset Coverage(e) | 678 | % | 669 | % | - |
(a) The Gabelli Dividend & Income Trust commenced investment operations on November 28, 2003.
(b) The beginning NAV includes a $0.04 reduction for costs associated with the initial public offering.
(c) Annualized.
(d) Based on weekly prices.
(e) Asset coverage is calculated by combining all series of preferred shares.
(f) The ratios do not include a reduction of expenses for custodian fee credits on cash balances maintained with the custodian. For the six months ended June 30, 2005, the effect of the custodian fee credits was minimal.
(g) Amounts are subject to change and recharacterization at fiscal year end.
* Based on net asset value per share at commencement of operations of $19.06 per share.
** Based on market value per share at initial public offering of $20.00 per share.
*** Based on net asset value per share, adjusted for reinvestment of distributions at net asset value on the ex-dividend date. Total return for periods of less than one year are not annualized.
**** Based on market value per share, adjusted for reinvestment of distributions on the payment date. Total return for periods of less than one year are not annualized.
***** The Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders for the six months ended June 30, 2005 included the ratios of operating expenses to average net assets attributable to common shares and to average net assets, including liquidation value of preferred shares, both presented before fee reductions. This information contained a computational error and is not necessary for a fair presentation of The Gabelli Dividend & Income Trust's financial highlights and has not been included in the financial highlights table above.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds of the offering are estimated at approximately $196,127,500, after deduction of the estimated underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses payable by the Fund. The Investment Adviser expects that it will initially invest the proceeds of the offering in high quality short-term debt securities and instruments. The Investment Adviser anticipates that the investment of the proceeds will be made in accordance with the Fund's investment objective and policies as appropriate investment opportunities are identified, which is expected to substantially be completed within three months; however, changes in market conditions could result in the Fund's anticipated investment period extending to as long as six months.
THE FUND
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on August 20, 2003, pursuant to an Agreement and Declaration of Trust governed by the laws of the State of Delaware. The Fund commenced its investment operations on November 28, 2003 and, accordingly, has a limited operating history. The Fund's principal office is located at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422.
The Fund has 84,697,505 common shares outstanding, 73,000,000 of which were issued on November 28, 2003, in connection with the Fund's initial public offering and 9,700,000 of which were issued on January 7, 2004, pursuant to an over-allotment option exercised by the Fund's underwriters. Since the Fund commenced operations on November 28, 2003, it has repurchased 365,700 of its shares on the open market as of September 30, 2005. The remaining common shares outstanding are owned by the Investment Adviser or its sole shareholder, GAMCO Investors, Inc. The Fund's common shares currently trade on the NYSE under the symbol "GDV." The Fund's Series A Preferred are listed and traded on the NYSE under the symbol "GDV Pr A".
The following table provides information about the Fund's outstanding shares as of September 30, 2005.
Title of Class | Amount Authorized | Amount Outstanding* | |||||||||
Common Shares | Unlimited | 84,697,505 | |||||||||
Preferred Shares | |||||||||||
Series A Preferred (liquidation preference $25 per share) | Unlimited | 3,200,000 | |||||||||
Series B Auction Market Preferred (liquidation preference $25,000 per share) |
Unlimited | 4,000 | |||||||||
Series C Auction Market Preferred (liquidation preference $25,000 per share) |
Unlimited | 4,800 |
* Does not include the Series D Preferred or ARS being offered pursuant to this prospectus.
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth the unaudited capitalization of the Fund as of September 30, 2005, and its adjusted capitalization assuming the Series D Preferred and the ARS offered in this prospectus had been issued.
As of September 30, 2005 (unaudited) | |||||||||||
Actual | As adjusted | ||||||||||
Preferred shares, $0.001 par value, unlimited shares authorized. | |||||||||||
(The "Actual" column reflects the Fund's outstanding capitalization as of September 30, 2005; the "As adjusted" column assumes the issuance of 2,600,000 shares of Series D Preferred and 5,400 shares of ARS, $25 and $25,000 liquidation preference, respectively) |
$ | 300,000,000 | $ | 500,000,000 | |||||||
Shareholders' equity applicable to common shares: | |||||||||||
Common shares, $0.001 par value per share; 84,697,505 shares outstanding |
84,698 | 84,698 | |||||||||
Paid-in surplus* | 1,561,188,785 | 1,557,316,285 | |||||||||
Distributions in excess of net investment income | 10,585,752 | 10,585,752 | |||||||||
Net unrealized appreciation | 221,327,922 | 221,327,922 | |||||||||
Net assets applicable to common shares | 1,793,187,157 | 1,789,314,657 | |||||||||
Liquidation preference of preferred shares | 300,000,000 | 500,000,000 | |||||||||
Net assets, plus the liquidation preference of preferred shares | $ | 2,093,187,157 | $ | 2,289,314,657 |
* As adjusted paid-in surplus reflects a deduction for the estimated underwriting discounts of $3,397,500 and estimated offering expenses of the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS issuance of $475,000.
For financial reporting purposes, the Fund is required to deduct the liquidation preference of its outstanding preferred shares and the principal amount of any outstanding senior debt from "net assets," so long as the senior securities have redemption features that are not solely within the control of the Fund. For all regulatory purposes, the Fund's preferred shares will be treated as equity (rather than debt).
25
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
Investment Objective
The Fund's investment objective is to seek a high level of total return with an emphasis on dividends and income. The Fund attempts to achieve its objective by investing at least 80% of its assets in dividend paying or other income producing securities under normal market conditions. In addition, under normal market conditions, at least 50% of the Fund's assets will consist of dividend paying equity securities. In making stock selections, Gabelli Funds, LLC, which serves as Investment Adviser to the Fund, looks for securities that have a superior yield and capital gains potential. The Fund commenced its investment operations on November 28, 2003. We cannot assure you that the Fund will achieve its objective.
Investment Methodology of the Fund
In selecting securities for the Fund, the Investment Adviser normally will consider the following factors, among others:
the Investment Adviser's own evaluations of the private market value (which is defined below), cash flow, earnings per share and other fundamental aspects of the underlying assets and business of the company;
the interest or dividend income generated by the securities;
the potential for capital appreciation of the securities;
the prices of the securities relative to other comparable securities;
whether the securities are entitled to the benefits of call protection or other protective covenants; and
the existence of any anti-dilution protections or guarantees of the security.
The Investment Adviser's investment philosophy with respect to equity and debt securities is to identify assets that are selling in the public market at a discount to their private market value. The Investment Adviser defines private market value as the value informed purchasers are willing to pay to acquire assets with similar characteristics. The Investment Adviser also normally evaluates an issuer's free cash flow and long-term earnings trends. Finally, the Investment Adviser looks for a catalyst, something indigenous to the company, its industry or country that will surface additional value.
Certain Investment Practices
Equity Securities. Under normal market conditions the Fund will invest at least 50% of its total assets in dividend paying equity securities, i.e., common stocks and preferred stocks.
Common stocks represent the residual ownership interest in the issuer and holders of common stock are entitled to the income and increase in the value of the assets and business of the issuer after all of its debt obligations and obligations to preferred shareholders are satisfied. Common stocks generally have voting rights. Common stocks fluctuate in price in response to many factors including historical and prospective earnings of the issuer, the value of its assets, general economic conditions, interest rates, investor perceptions and market liquidity.
Equity securities also include preferred stock (whether or not convertible into common stock) and debt securities convertible into or exchangeable for common or preferred stock. Preferred stock has a preference over common stock in liquidation (and generally dividends as well) but is subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer in all respects. As a general rule the market value of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element varies inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk, while the market price of convertible preferred stock generally also reflects some element of conversion value. Because preferred stock is junior to debt securities and other obligations of the issuer, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of a preferred stock than in a more senior debt security with similarly stated yield
26
characteristics. The market value of preferred stock will also generally reflect whether (and if so when) the issuer may force holders to sell their preferred stock back to the issuer and whether (and if so when) the holders may force the issuer to buy back their preferred stock. Generally speaking, the right of the issuer to repurchase the preferred stock tends to reduce any premium at which the preferred stock might otherwise trade due to interest rate or credit factors, while the right of the holders to require the issuer to repurchase the preferred stock tends to reduce any discount at which the preferred stock might otherwise trade due to interest rate or credit factors. In addition, some preferred stocks are non-cumulative, meaning that the dividends do not accumulate and need not ever be paid. A portion of the portfolio may include investments in non-cumulative preferred stocks, whereby the issuer does not have an obligation to make up any arrearages to its shareholders. There is no assurance that dividends or distributions on non-cumulative preferred stocks in which the Fund invests will be declared or otherwise made payable.
Securities that are convertible into or exchangeable for preferred or common stock are liabilities of the issuer but are generally subordinated to more senior elements of the issuer's balance sheet. Although such securities also generally reflect an element of conversion value, their market value also varies with interest rates and perceived credit risk. Many convertible securities are not investment grade, that is, not rated "BBB" or better by S&P or "Baa" or better by Moody's or considered by the Investment Adviser to be of similar quality. There is no minimum credit rating or independent investment limitation for these securities in which the Fund may invest. Preferred stocks and convertible securities may have many of the same characteristics and risks as nonconvertible debt securities. See " - Lower Grade Securities."
The Investment Adviser believes that preferred stock and convertible securities of certain companies offer the opportunity for capital appreciation and periodic income. This is particularly true in the case of companies that have performed below expectations. If a company's performance has been poor enough, its preferred stock and convertible securities may trade more like common stock than like fixed-income securities, which may result in above average appreciation if the company's performance improves. Even if the credit quality of such a company is not in question, the market price of its convertible securities may reflect little or no element of conversion value if the price of its common stock has fallen substantially below the conversion price. This can result in capital appreciation if the price of the company's common stock recovers.
Lower Grade Securities. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in fixed-income nonconvertible securities rated in the lower rating categories of recognized statistical rating agencies or unrated securities of comparable quality. These securities, which may be preferred stock or debt, are predominantly speculative and involve major risk exposure to adverse conditions. Debt securities that are rated lower than "BBB" by S&P or lower than "Baa" by Moody's (or unrated debt securities of comparable quality) are referred to in the financial press as "junk bonds."
Generally, such lower grade securities and unrated securities of comparable quality offer a higher current yield than is offered by higher rated securities, but also (i) will likely have some quality and protective characteristics that, in the judgment of the rating organizations, are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions and (ii) are predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. The market values of certain of these securities also tend to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in economic conditions than higher quality bonds. In addition, such comparable unrated securities generally present a higher degree of credit risk. The risk of loss due to default by these issuers is significantly greater because such lower grade securities and unrated securities of comparable quality generally are unsecured and frequently are subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness. In light of these risks, the Investment Adviser, in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issue, whether rated or unrated, will take various factors into consideration, which may include, as applicable, the issuer's operating history, financial resources and its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, the market support for the facility financed by the issue, the perceived ability and integrity of the issuer's management and regulatory matters.
27
In addition, the market value of securities in lower rated categories is more volatile than that of higher quality securities, and the markets in which such lower rated or unrated securities are traded are more limited than those in which higher rated securities are traded. The existence of limited markets may make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset value. Moreover, the lack of a liquid trading market may restrict the availability of securities for the Fund to purchase and may also have the effect of limiting the ability of the Fund to sell securities at their fair value in order to respond to changes in the economy or the financial markets.
Lower grade securities and unrated securities of comparable quality also present risks based on payment expectations. If an issuer calls the obligation for redemption (often a feature of fixed-income securities), the Fund may have to replace the security with a lower yielding security, resulting in a decreased return for investors. Also, as the principal value of nonconvertible bonds and preferred stocks moves inversely with movements in interest rates, in the event of rising interest rates the value of the securities held by the Fund may decline proportionately more than a portfolio consisting of higher rated securities. Investments in zero coupon bonds may be more speculative and subject to greater fluctuations in value due to changes in interest rates than bonds that pay interest currently. Interest rates are at historical lows and, therefore, it is likely that they will rise in the future.
As part of its investments in lower grade securities, the Fund may invest in securities of issuers in default. The Fund will make an investment in securities of issuers in default only when the Investment Adviser believes that such issuers will honor their obligations or emerge from bankruptcy protection and the value of these securities will appreciate. By investing in securities of issuers in default, the Fund bears the risk that these issuers will not continue to honor their obligations or emerge from bankruptcy protection or that the value of the securities will not otherwise appreciate.
In addition to using recognized rating agencies and other sources, the Investment Adviser also performs its own analysis of issues in seeking investments that it believes to be underrated (and thus higher yielding) in light of the financial condition of the issuer. Its analysis of issuers may include, among other things, current and anticipated cash flow and borrowing requirements, value of assets in relation to historical cost, strength of management, responsiveness to business conditions, credit standing and current anticipated results of operations. In selecting investments for the Fund, the Investment Adviser may also consider general business conditions, anticipated changes in interest rates and the outlook for specific industries.
Subsequent to its purchase by the Fund, an issue of securities may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced. In addition, it is possible that statistical rating agencies might change their ratings of a particular issue to reflect subsequent events on a timely basis. Moreover, such ratings do not assess the risk of a decline in market value. None of these events will require the sale of the securities by the Fund, although the Investment Adviser will consider these events in determining whether the Fund should continue to hold the securities.
The market for lower grade and comparable unrated securities has experienced periods of significantly adverse price and liquidity several times, particularly at or around times of economic recession. Past market recessions have adversely affected the value of such securities and the ability of certain issuers of such securities to repay principal and pay interest thereon or to refinance such securities. The market for those securities may react in a similar fashion in the future.
Securities Subject to Reorganization. The Fund may invest without limit in securities of companies for which a tender or exchange offer has been made or announced and in securities of companies for which a merger, consolidation, liquidation or reorganization proposal has been announced if, in the judgment of the Investment Adviser, there is a reasonable prospect of high total return significantly greater than the brokerage and other transaction expenses involved.
In general, securities which are the subject of such an offer or proposal sell at a premium to their historic market price immediately prior to the announcement of the offer or may also discount what the stated or appraised value of the security would be if the contemplated transaction were approved or consummated. Such investments may be advantageous when the discount significantly overstates the risk of the contingencies
28
involved; significantly undervalues the securities, assets or cash to be received by shareholders of the prospective portfolio company as a result of the contemplated transaction; or fails adequately to recognize the possibility that the offer or proposal may be replaced or superseded by an offer or proposal of greater value. The evaluation of such contingencies requires unusually broad knowledge and experience on the part of the Investment Adviser which must appraise not only the value of the issuer and its component businesses and the assets or securities to be received as a result of the contemplated transaction but also the financial resources and business motivation of the offeror and the dynamics and business climate when the offer or proposal is in process. The Investment Adviser has experience investing in securities subject to reorganization as a secondary strategy, and since 1993 the Investment Adviser has advised a registered open-end fund which from time to time uses risk arbitrage as a principal investment strategy. Since such investments are ordinarily short-term in nature, they will tend to increase the turnover ratio of the Fund, thereby increasing its brokerage and other transaction expenses. The Investment Adviser intends to select investments of this type which, in its view, have a reasonable prospect of capital appreciation which is significant in relation to both risk involved and the potential of available alternative investments.
Temporary Defensive Investments. Under normal market conditions at least 80% of the Fund's assets will consist of "dividend paying securities," i.e., common stock and other equity securities of foreign and domestic companies which have historically paid periodic dividends to holders, or "income securities," i.e., non-dividend paying equity or debt securities having a history of regular payments or accrual of income to holders. However, when a temporary defensive posture is believed by the Investment Adviser to be warranted ("temporary defensive periods"), the Fund may without limitation hold cash or invest its assets in money market instruments and repurchase agreements in respect of those instruments. The money market instruments in which the Fund may invest are obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; commercial paper rated "A-1" or higher by S&P or "Prime-1" by Moody's; and certificates of deposit and bankers' acceptances issued by domestic branches of U.S. banks that are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. During temporary defensive periods, the Fund may also invest to the extent permitted by applicable law in shares of money market mutual funds, which, under current law, in the absence of an exemptive order will not be affiliated with the Investment Adviser. Money market mutual funds are investment companies and the investments in those companies by the Fund are in some cases subject to certain fundamental investment restrictions and applicable law. As a shareholder in a mutual fund, the Fund will bear its ratable share of its expenses, including management fees, and will remain subject to payment of the fees to the Investment Adviser, with respect to assets so invested. See "Management of the Fund - General." The Fund may find it more difficult to achieve its investment objective during temporary defensive periods.
Options. The Fund may purchase or sell, i.e., write, options on securities, securities indices and foreign currencies which are listed on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter ("OTC") market, as a means of achieving additional return or of hedging the value of the Fund's portfolio. A call option is a contract that, in return for a premium, gives the holder of the option the right to buy from the writer of the call option the security or currency underlying the option at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option. The writer of the call option has the obligation, upon exercise of the option, to deliver the underlying security or currency upon payment of the exercise price during the option period. A put option is the reverse of a call option, giving the holder the right, in return for a premium, to sell the underlying security to the writer, at a specified price, and obligating the writer to purchase the underlying security from the holder at that price. The Fund may purchase call or put options as long as the aggregate initial margins and premiums, measured at the time of such investment, do not exceed 10% of the fair market value of the Fund's total assets. There is no limit on the amount of options the Fund may write (sell).
If the Fund has written an option, it may terminate its obligation by effecting a closing purchase transaction. This is accomplished by purchasing an option of the same series as the option previously written. However, once the Fund has been assigned an exercise notice, the Fund will be unable to effect a closing purchase transaction. Similarly, if the Fund is the holder of an option it may liquidate its position by effecting a closing sale transaction.
29
This is accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased. There can be no assurance that either a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund so desires.
The Fund will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is less than the premium received from writing the option or is more than the premium paid to purchase the option; the Fund will realize a loss from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is more than the premium received from writing the option or is less than the premium paid to purchase the option. Since call option prices generally reflect increases in the price of the underlying security, any loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option may also be wholly or partially offset by unrealized appreciation of the underlying security. Other principal factors affecting the market value of a put or a call option include supply and demand, interest rates, the current market price and price volatility of the underlying security and the time remaining until the expiration date. Gains and losses on investments in options depend, in part, on the ability of the Investment Adviser to predict correctly the effect of these factors. The use of options cannot serve as a complete hedge since the price movement of securities underlying the options will not necessarily follow the price movements of the portfolio securities subject to the hedge.
An option position may be closed out only on an exchange which provides a secondary market for an option of the same series or in a private transaction. Although the Fund will generally purchase or write only those options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange will exist for any particular option. In such event, it might not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options, so that the Fund would have to exercise its options in order to realize any profit and would incur brokerage commissions upon the exercise of call options and upon the subsequent disposition of underlying securities for the exercise of put options.
Although the Investment Adviser will attempt to take appropriate measures to minimize the risks relating to the Fund's writing of put and call options, there can be no assurance that the Fund will succeed in any option-writing program it undertakes.
Futures Contracts and Options on Futures. The Fund may purchase and sell financial futures contracts and options thereon which are traded on a commodities exchange or board of trade for certain hedging, yield enhancement and risk management purposes. A financial futures contract is an agreement to purchase or sell an agreed amount of securities or currencies at a set price for delivery in the future. These futures contracts and related options may be on debt securities, financial indices, securities indices, U.S. government securities and foreign currencies. The Investment Adviser has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act and therefore is not subject to registration under the Commodity Exchange Act. Accordingly, the Fund's investments in derivative instruments described in this prospectus and the SAI are not limited by or subject to regulation under the Commodity Exchange Act or otherwise regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts. Subject to guidelines of the Board of Trustees, the Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts to protect the value of its portfolio against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates. The Fund may enter into such contracts on a spot, i.e., cash, basis at the rate then prevailing in the currency exchange market or on a forward basis, by entering into a forward contract to purchase or sell currency. A forward contract on foreign currency is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days agreed upon by the parties from the date of the contract at a price set on the date of the contract. The Fund expects to invest in forward currency contracts for hedging or currency risk management purposes and not in order to speculate on currency exchange rate movements. The Fund will only enter into forward currency contracts with parties which it believes to be creditworthy.
When Issued, Delayed Delivery Securities and Forward Commitments. The Fund may enter into forward commitments for the purchase or sale of securities, including on a "when issued" or "delayed delivery" basis, in excess of customary settlement periods for the type of security involved. In some cases, a forward commitment may be conditioned upon the occurrence of a subsequent event, such as approval and consummation of a merger,
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corporate reorganization or debt restructuring, i.e., a when, as and if issued security. When such transactions are negotiated, the price is fixed at the time of the commitment, with payment and delivery taking place in the future, generally a month or more after the date of the commitment. While it will only enter into a forward commitment with the intention of actually acquiring the security, the Fund may sell the security before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable.
Securities purchased under a forward commitment are subject to market fluctuation, and no interest (or dividends) accrues to the Fund prior to the settlement date. The Fund will segregate with its custodian cash or liquid securities in an aggregate amount at least equal to the amount of its outstanding forward commitments.
Short Sales. The Fund may make short sales of securities. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. The market value of the securities sold short of any one issuer will not exceed either 10% of the Fund's total assets or 5% of such issuer's voting securities. The Fund also will not make a short sale, if, after giving effect to such sale, the market value of all securities sold short exceeds 25% of the value of its assets. The Fund may also make short sales "against the box" without respect to such limitations. In this type of short sale, at the time of the sale, the Fund owns, or has the immediate and unconditional right to acquire at no additional cost, the identical security.
The Fund expects to make short sales both to obtain capital gain from anticipated declines in securities and as a form of hedging to offset potential declines in long positions in the same or similar securities. The short sale of a security is considered a speculative investment technique. Short sales "against the box" may be subject to special tax rules, one of the effects of which may be to accelerate income to the Fund.
When the Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale in order to satisfy its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any payments received on such borrowed securities.
If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time the Fund replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, the Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss will be increased, by the transaction costs incurred by the Fund, including the costs associated with providing collateral to the broker-dealer (usually cash, U.S. government securities or other highly liquid debt securities) and the maintenance of collateral with its custodian. Although the Fund's gain is limited to the price at which it sold the security short, its potential loss is theoretically unlimited.
Repurchase Agreements. Repurchase agreements may be seen as loans by the Fund collateralized by underlying debt securities. Under the terms of a typical repurchase agreement, the Fund would acquire an underlying debt obligation for a relatively short period (usually not more than one week) subject to an obligation of the seller to repurchase, and the Fund to resell, the obligation at an agreed price and time. This arrangement results in a fixed rate of return to the Fund that is not subject to market fluctuations during the holding period. The Fund bears a risk of loss in the event that the other party to a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligations and the Fund is delayed in or prevented from exercising its rights to dispose of the collateral securities, including the risk of a possible decline in the value of the underlying securities during the period in which it seeks to assert these rights. The Investment Adviser, acting under the supervision of the Board of Trustees of the Fund, reviews the creditworthiness of those banks and dealers with which the Fund enters into repurchase agreements to evaluate these risks and monitors on an ongoing basis the value of the securities subject to repurchase agreements to ensure that the value is maintained at the required level. The Fund will not enter into repurchase agreements with the Investment Adviser or any of its affiliates.
Restricted and Illiquid Securities. The Fund may invest in securities for which there is no readily available trading market or are otherwise illiquid. Illiquid securities include securities legally restricted as to resale, such as commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933 and securities eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A thereunder. Section 4(2) and Rule 144A securities may, however, be treated as liquid by the Investment Adviser pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees, which require consideration of
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factors such as trading activity, availability of market quotations and number of dealers willing to purchase the security. If the Fund invests in Rule 144A securities, the level of portfolio illiquidity may be increased to the extent that eligible buyers become uninterested in purchasing such securities.
It may be difficult to sell such securities at a price representing the fair value until such time as such securities may be sold publicly. Where registration is required, a considerable period may elapse between a decision to sell the securities and the time when it would be permitted to sell. Thus, the Fund may not be able to obtain as favorable a price as that prevailing at the time of the decision to sell. The Fund may also acquire securities through private placements under which it may agree to contractual restrictions on the resale of such securities. Such restrictions might prevent their sale at a time when such sale would otherwise be desirable.
Foreign Securities. The Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in securities of non-U.S. issuers, which are generally denominated in foreign currencies. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Foreign Securities."
The Fund may purchase sponsored American Depository Receipts ("ADRs") or U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers, which will not be included in this foreign securities limitation. ADRs are receipts issued by U.S. banks or trust companies in respect of securities of foreign issuers held on deposit for use in the U.S. securities markets.
Industry Concentration. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in securities of issuers in a single industry. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks of Investing in the Fund - Industry Concentration Risk."
Leveraging. As provided in the 1940 Act and subject to certain exceptions, the Fund may issue senior securities (which may be stock, such as preferred shares, or securities representing debt) so long as its total assets, less certain ordinary course liabilities, exceed 300% of the amount of the debt outstanding and exceed 200% of the amount of preferred shares and debt outstanding. Any such preferred shares may be convertible in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission staff guidelines, which may permit the Fund to obtain leverage at attractive rates. The use of leverage magnifies the impact of changes in net asset value. For example, a fund that uses 33% leverage will show a 1.5% increase or decline in net asset value for each 1% increase or decline in the value of its total assets. In addition, if the cost of leverage exceeds the return on the securities acquired with the proceeds of leverage, the use of leverage will diminish rather than enhance the return to the Fund. The use of leverage generally increases the volatility of returns to the Fund. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks Associated with both the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Leverage Risk."
In the event the Fund had both outstanding preferred shares (such as the Series D Preferred or the ARS) and senior securities representing debt at the same time, the Fund's obligations to pay dividends or distributions and, upon liquidation of the Fund, liquidation payments in respect of its preferred shares would be subordinate to the Fund's obligations to make any principal and/or interest payments due and owing with respect to its outstanding senior debt securities. Accordingly, the Fund's issuance of senior securities representing debt would have the effect of creating special risks for the Fund's preferred shareholders (including the holders of Series D Preferred and/or ARS) that would not be present in a capital structure that did not include such securities. See "Risk Factors and Special Considerations - Risks Associated with both the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Special Risks to Preferred Shares of Senior Securities Representing Debt."
Investment Restrictions. The Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions as fundamental policies of the Fund. Under the 1940 Act, a fundamental policy may not be changed without the vote of a majority, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (voting together as a single class). In addition, pursuant to the Fund's Series A, B, C, D and E respective Statement of Preferences, a majority, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the outstanding preferred shares of the Fund (voting separately as a single class) is also required to change a fundamental policy. The Fund's investment restrictions are more fully discussed under "Investment Restrictions" in the SAI.
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Loans of Portfolio Securities. To increase income, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities to securities broker-dealers or financial institutions if the loan is collateralized in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements.
If the borrower fails to maintain the requisite amount of collateral, the loan automatically terminates and the Fund could use the collateral to replace the securities while holding the borrower liable for any excess of replacement cost over the value of the collateral. As with any extension of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery and in some cases even loss of rights in collateral should the borrower of the securities violate the terms of the loan or fail financially. There can be no assurance that borrowers will not fail financially. On termination of the loan, the borrower is required to return the securities to the Fund, and any gain or loss in the market price during the loan would inure to the Fund. If the other party to the loan petitions for bankruptcy or becomes subject to the United States Bankruptcy Code, the law regarding the rights of the Fund is unsettled. As a result, under extreme circumstances, there may be a restriction on the Fund's ability to sell the collateral and the Fund would suffer a loss. See "Investment Objective and Policies - Additional Investment Policies - Loans of Portfolio Securities" in the SAI.
Portfolio Turnover. The Fund will buy and sell securities to accomplish its investment objective. The investment policies of the Fund may lead to frequent changes in investments, particularly in periods of rapidly fluctuating interest or currency exchange rates.
Portfolio turnover generally involves some expense to the Fund, including brokerage commissions or dealer mark-ups and other transaction costs on the sale of securities and reinvestment in other securities. The portfolio turnover rate is computed by dividing the lesser of the amount of the securities purchased or securities sold by the average monthly value of securities owned during the year (excluding securities whose maturities at acquisition were one year or less). Higher portfolio turnover may decrease the after-tax return to individual investors in the Fund to the extent it results in a decrease of the long term capital gains portion of distributions to shareholders.
For the six months ended June 30, 2005, the portfolio turnover rate of the Fund was 7.3%. The Fund anticipates that its portfolio turnover rate will generally not exceed 100%.
Further information on the investment objective and policies of the Fund are set forth in the SAI.
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RISK FACTORS AND SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Investors should consider the following risk factors and special considerations associated with investing in the Fund.
Preferred Shares
Special Risks of the Series D Preferred
Fluctuations in Market Price. The market price for the Series D Preferred will be influenced by changes in interest rates, the perceived credit quality of the Series D Preferred and other factors.
Illiquidity Risk. Prior to the offering, there has been no public market for the Series D Preferred. The Series D Preferred have been approved for listing on the NYSE and it is anticipated that trading of the Series D Preferred on the NYSE will commence within 30 days from the date of this prospectus. During such 30-day period, the underwriters may make a market in the Series D Preferred, however, they have no obligation to do so. Consequently, the Series D Preferred may be illiquid during such period. No assurances can be provided that listing on any securities exchange or market making by the underwriters will result in the market for Series D Preferred being liquid at any time.
Special Risks of the Series E Auction Rate Preferred
Auction and Secondary Market Risk. You may not be able to sell some or all of your ARS at an auction if the auction fails; that is, if there are more ARS offered for sale than there are buyers for those ARS. Also, if you place a bid order to retain ARS at an auction only at a specified rate, and that specified rate exceeds the rate set at the auction, you will not retain your ARS securities. If you submit a hold order for ARS (orders to retain auction rate securities without specifying a minimum rate), and the auction sets a below-market rate, you may receive a below-market rate of return on your ARS.
As noted above, if there are more ARS offered for sale than there are buyers for those auction rate securities in any auction, the auction will fail and you may not be able to sell some or all of your ARS at that time. The relative buying and selling interest of market participants in your ARS and in the auction rate securities market as a whole will vary over time, and such variations may be affected by, among other things, news relating to the Fund, the attractiveness of alternative investments, the perceived risk of owning the security (whether related to credit, liquidity or any other risk), the tax treatment accorded the instruments, the accounting treatment accorded auction rate securities, including recent clarifications of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles relating to the treatment of auction rate securities, reactions to regulatory actions or press reports, financial reporting cycles and market sentiment generally. Shifts of demand in response to any one or simultaneous particular events cannot be predicted and may be short-lived or exist for longer periods.
A broker-dealer may submit orders in auctions for its own account. Any broker-dealer submitting an order for its own account in any auction will have an advantage over other bidders in that it would have knowledge of other orders placed through it in that auction (but it would not have knowledge of orders submitted by other broker-dealers, if any). As a result of the broker-dealer bidding, the auction clearing rate may be higher or lower than the rate that would have prevailed if the broker-dealer had not bid. A broker-dealer may also bid in order to prevent what would otherwise be a failed auction, or an auction clearing at a rate that the broker-dealer believes does not reflect the market for such securities at the time of the auction. Broker-dealers may, but are not obligated to, advise holders of the auction rate securities that the rate that will apply in an "all hold" auction is often a lower rate than would apply if holders submit bids, and such advice, if given, may facilitate the submission of bids by existing holders that would avoid the occurrence of an "all hold" auction. A broker-dealer may, but is not obligated to, encourage additional or revised investor bidding in order to prevent an "all-hold" auction.
Certain of the underwriters have advised the Fund that they and various other broker-dealers and other firms that participate in the auction rate securities market received letters from the staff of the Securities and Exchange
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Commission in the spring of 2004. The letters requested that each of these firms voluntarily conduct an investigation regarding its respective practices and procedures in that market. Pursuant to these requests, each of the underwriters conducted its own voluntary review and reported its findings to the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission. At the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission's request, these underwriters are engaging in discussions with the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission concerning its inquiry. Neither the underwriters nor the Fund can predict the ultimate outcome of the inquiry or how that outcome will affect the market for the auction rate securities or the auctions.
Risks Associated With Both the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred
General Risks of Preferred Shares. There are a number of risks associated with an investment in the Series D Preferred or the ARS.
The market value for the Series D Preferred and the ARS will be influenced by changes in interest rates, the perceived credit quality of the Series D Preferred or the ARS and other factors.
The credit rating on the Series D Preferred and the ARS could be reduced or withdrawn while an investor holds shares, and the credit rating does not eliminate or mitigate the risks of investing in the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS. A reduction or withdrawal of the credit rating would likely have an adverse effect on the market value of the Series D Preferred and the ARS.
The Fund may not meet the asset coverage requirements or earn sufficient income from its investments to make distributions on the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS.
The value of the Fund's investment portfolio may decline, reducing the asset coverage for the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS. Further, if an issuer of a common stock in which the Fund invests experiences financial difficulties or if an issuer's preferred stock or debt security is downgraded or defaults or if an issuer in which the Fund invests is affected by other adverse market factors, there may be a negative impact on the income and/or asset value of the Fund's investment portfolio. In such circumstances, the Fund may be forced to mandatorily redeem shares of Series D Preferred and/or ARS.
The Fund generally may redeem the ARS, in whole or in part, at its option at any time (usually on a dividend or distribution payment date), other than during a non-call period, and may redeem your Series D Preferred at any time after November 3, 2010 and may at any time redeem shares of either or both series to meet regulatory or rating agency requirements. Because of historically low interest rates, the current low cost of the ARS to the Fund may rise dramatically, which in turn may prompt the Fund to redeem the ARS earlier than it otherwise might. The Series D Preferred and the ARS are subject to redemption under specified circumstances and investors may not be able to reinvest the proceeds of any such redemption in an investment providing the same or a better rate than that of the Series D Preferred or the ARS. Subject to such circumstances, the Series D Preferred and the ARS are perpetual.
The Series D Preferred and the ARS are not obligations of the Fund. The Series D Preferred and the ARS would be junior in respect of distributions and liquidation preference to any indebtedness incurred by the Fund, including any senior securities of the Fund representing debt. Although unlikely, precipitous declines in the value of the Fund's assets could result in the Fund having insufficient assets to redeem all of the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS for the full redemption price.
Leverage Risk. The Fund uses financial leverage for investment purposes by issuing preferred shares, and may issue additional preferred shares and senior securities representing debt. It is currently anticipated that taking into account the Series D Preferred and the ARS being offered in this prospectus, the amount of leverage will represent approximately 22% of the Fund's total assets. The Fund expects that depending on interest rates and available investment opportunities it will increase its financial leverage over time through the issuance of additional senior securities up to approximately 33% of the Fund's total assets including the proceeds of the Series D Preferred and the ARS. The Fund's leveraged capital structure creates special risks not associated with unleveraged funds having a similar investment objective and policies. These include the possibility of greater loss
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and the likelihood of higher volatility of the net asset value of the Fund and the asset coverage for the Series D Preferred and the ARS. Such volatility may increase the likelihood of the Fund having to sell investments in order to meet its obligations to make distributions on the preferred shares or principal or interest payments on debt securities, or to redeem preferred shares or repay debt, when it may be disadvantageous to do so. Also, if the Fund is utilizing leverage, a decline in net asset value could affect the ability of the Fund to make common share distributions and such a failure to pay dividends or make distributions could result in the Fund ceasing to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Code. See "Taxation."
Because the fee paid to the Investment Adviser will be calculated on the basis of the Fund's net assets, which includes for this purpose assets attributable to the aggregate net asset value of the common shares plus assets attributable to any outstanding preferred shares with no deduction for the liquidation preference of any preferred shares, the fee may be higher when leverage in the form of preferred shares is utilized, giving the Investment Adviser an incentive to utilize such leverage. However, the Investment Adviser has agreed to reduce the management fee on the incremental assets attributable to the Existing Preferred and the Series D Preferred or ARS during the fiscal year if the total return of the net asset value of the common shares, including distributions and management fees subject to reduction for that year, does not exceed the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of each particular series of preferred shares for the period. The Fund's total return on the net asset value of the common shares is monitored on a monthly basis to assess whether the total return on the net asset value of the common shares exceeds the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of each particular series of preferred shares for the period. The test to confirm the accrual of the management fee on the assets attributable to each particular series of preferred shares is annual. The Fund will accrue for the management fee on these assets during the fiscal year if it appears probable that the Fund will incur the management fee on those additional assets. For the six months ended June 30, 2005, the Fund's total return on the net asset value of the common shares exceeded the stated dividend rate or net swap expense of the Series C Auction Market Preferred. Thus, management fees were accrued on these assets. The Fund's total return on the net asset value of the common shares did not exceed the stated dividend rate or net swap expense of the Series A Preferred and Series B Auction Market Preferred. Thus, management fees with respect to the liquidation value of those preferred shares in the amount of $892,603 were not accrued.
Special Risks to Preferred Shares of Senior Securities Representing Debt. As provided in the 1940 Act, and subject to compliance with the Fund's investment limitations, the Fund may issue senior securities representing debt. In the event the Fund were to issue such securities, the Fund's obligations to pay dividends or make distributions and, upon liquidation of the Fund, liquidation payments in respect of its preferred shares would be subordinate to the Fund's obligations to make any principal and interest payments due and owing with respect to its outstanding senior debt securities. Accordingly, the Fund's issuance of senior securities representing debt would have the effect of creating special risks for the Fund's preferred shareholders (including the holders of Series D Preferred and ARS) that would not be present in a capital structure that did not include such securities.
Restrictions on Dividends and Other Distributions. Restrictions imposed on the declaration and payment of dividends or other distributions to the holders of the Fund's common shares and preferred shares, both by the 1940 Act and by requirements imposed by rating agencies, might impair the Fund's ability to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company for federal income tax purposes. While the Fund intends to redeem its preferred shares (including the Series D Preferred and the ARS) to the extent necessary to enable the Fund to distribute its income as required to maintain its qualification as a regulated investment company under the Code, there can be no assurance that such actions can be effected in time to meet the Code requirements. See "Taxation" in the SAI.
Risks of Investing in the Fund
Common Share Distribution Policy Risk. The Fund has adopted a policy, which may be changed at any time by the Board of Trustees, of paying a monthly distribution on its common shares of $0.10 per share, which is equal to an annual rate of 6% of the original issue price of the common shares. In the event investment returns do not provide sufficient amounts to fund such distributions, the Fund may be required to return capital as part of
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such distribution, which may have the effect of decreasing the asset coverage per share with respect to the Fund's outstanding preferred shares (including the Series D Preferred and the ARS). A portion of the Fund's common share distributions to date have included or have been estimated to include a return of capital. For 2004 this portion was approximately 47% and for 2005 this portion was approximately 0% through September 30, 2005. The composition of distributions is based on earnings as of the record date for the distribution. The actual composition of the distribution may change based on the Fund's investment activity through December 31, 2005.
Value Investing Risk. The Fund focuses its investments on dividend-paying common and preferred stocks that the Investment Adviser believes are undervalued or inexpensive relative to other investments. These types of securities may present risks in addition to the general risks associated with investing in common and preferred stocks. These securities generally are selected on the basis of an issuer's fundamentals relative to current market price. Such securities are subject to the risk of mis-estimation of certain fundamental factors. In addition, during certain time periods market dynamics may strongly favor "growth" stocks of issuers that do not display strong fundamentals relative to market price based upon positive price momentum and other factors. Disciplined adherence to a "value" investment mandate during such periods can result in significant underperformance relative to overall market indices and other managed investment vehicles that pursue growth style investments and/or flexible equity style mandates.
Non-Diversified Status. The Fund is classified as a "non-diversified" investment company under the 1940 Act, which means the Fund is not limited by the 1940 Act in the proportion of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. However, the Fund has in the past conducted and intends to conduct its operations so as to qualify as a "regulated investment company," or RIC, for purposes of the Code, which will relieve it of any liability for federal income tax to the extent its earnings are distributed to shareholders. To qualify as a "regulated investment company," among other requirements, the Fund will limit its investments so that, with certain exceptions, at the close of each quarter of the taxable year (a) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the securities (other than U.S. government securities or the securities of other RICs) of (i) a single issuer, (ii) any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and which are determined to be engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses or (iii) one or more qualified publicly traded partnership (as defined under "Taxation of the Fund") and (b) at least 50% of the value of the Fund's assets will be represented by cash, securities of other regulated investment companies, U.S. government securities and other securities, with such other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund's assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer.
As a non-diversified investment company, the Fund may invest in the securities of individual issuers to a greater degree than a diversified investment company. As a result, the Fund may be more vulnerable to events affecting a single issuer and therefore, subject to greater volatility than a fund that is more broadly diversified. Accordingly, an investment in the Fund may present greater risk to an investor than an investment in a diversified company.
Industry Concentration Risk. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in securities of a single industry. Should the Fund choose to do so, the net asset value of the Fund will be more susceptible to factors affecting those particular types of companies, which, depending on the particular industry, may include, among others: governmental regulation; inflation; cost increases in raw materials, fuel and other operating expenses; technological innovations that may render existing products and equipment obsolete; and increasing interest rates resulting in high interest costs on borrowings needed for capital investment, including costs associated with compliance with environmental and other regulations. In such circumstances the Fund's investments may be subject to greater risk and market fluctuation than a fund that had securities representing a broader range of industries.
Special Risks Related to Preferred Securities.
There are special risks associated with the Fund's investing in preferred securities, including:
Deferral. Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer dividends or distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. If the Fund owns a
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preferred security that is deferring its dividends or distributions, the Fund may be required to report income for tax purposes although it has not yet received such income.
Non-Cumulative Dividends. Some preferred stocks are non-cumulative, meaning that the dividends do not accumulate and need not ever be paid. A portion of the portfolio may include investments in non-cumulative preferred securities, whereby the issuer does not have an obligation to make up any arrearages to its shareholders. Should an issuer of a non-cumulative preferred stock held by the Fund determine not to pay dividends on such stock, the Fund's return from that security may be adversely affected. There is no assurance that dividends or distributions on non-cumulative preferred stocks in which the Fund invests will be declared or otherwise made payable.
Subordination. Preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company's capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than more senior debt security instruments.
Liquidity. Preferred securities may be substantially less liquid than many other securities, such as common stocks or U.S. government securities.
Limited Voting Rights. Generally, preferred security holders (such as the Fund) have no voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless preferred dividends have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which time the preferred security holders may be entitled to elect a number of trustees to the issuer's board. Generally, once all the arrearages have been paid, the preferred security holders no longer have voting rights.
Special Redemption Rights. In certain varying circumstances, an issuer of preferred securities may redeem the securities prior to a specified date. For instance, for certain types of preferred securities, a redemption may be triggered by a change in federal income tax or securities laws. A redemption by the issuer may negatively impact the return of the security held by the Fund.
Illiquid Securities. The Fund has no limit on the amount of its net assets it may invest in unregistered and otherwise illiquid investments. Unregistered securities are securities that cannot be sold publicly in the United States without registration under the Securities Act of 1933. Unregistered securities generally can be resold only in privately negotiated transactions with a limited number of purchasers or in a public offering registered under the Securities Act of 1933. Considerable delay could be encountered in either event and, unless otherwise contractually provided for, the Fund's proceeds upon sale may be reduced by the costs of registration or underwriting discounts. The difficulties and delays associated with such transactions could result in the Fund's inability to realize a favorable price upon disposition of unregistered securities, and at times might make disposition of such securities impossible.
Foreign Securities Risk. The Fund may invest up to 35% of its total assets in the securities of foreign issuers. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers involve certain considerations and risks not ordinarily associated with investments in securities of domestic issuers. Foreign companies are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. Foreign securities exchanges, brokers and listed companies may be subject to less government supervision and regulation than exists in the United States. Dividend and interest income may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes, which may adversely affect the net return on such investments. There may be difficulty in obtaining or enforcing a court judgment abroad. In addition, it may be difficult to effect repatriation of capital invested in certain countries. In addition, with respect to certain countries, there are risks of expropriation, confiscatory taxation, political or social instability or diplomatic developments that could affect assets of the Fund held in foreign countries. Dividend income the Fund receives from foreign securities may not be eligible for the special tax treatment applicable to qualified dividend income.
There may be less publicly available information about a foreign company than a U.S. company. Foreign securities markets may have substantially less volume than U.S. securities markets and some foreign company securities are less liquid than securities of otherwise comparable U.S. companies. A portfolio of foreign securities may also be adversely affected by fluctuations in the rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations
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and by exchange control regulations. Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures that could cause the Fund to encounter difficulties in purchasing and selling securities on such markets and may result in the Fund missing attractive investment opportunities or experiencing loss. In addition, a portfolio that includes foreign securities can expect to have a higher expense ratio because of the increased transaction costs on non-U.S. securities markets and the increased costs of maintaining the custody of foreign securities.
The Fund also may purchase ADRs or U.S. dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers. ADRs are receipts issued by U.S. banks or trust companies in respect of securities of foreign issuers held on deposit for use in the U.S. securities markets. While ADRs may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the securities into which they may be converted, many of the risks associated with foreign securities may also apply to ADRs. In addition, the underlying issuers of certain depositary receipts, particularly unsponsored or unregistered depositary receipts, are under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications to the holders of such receipts, or to pass through to them any voting rights with respect to the deposited securities.
Smaller Companies. While the Fund intends to focus on the securities of established suppliers of accepted products and services, the Fund may also invest in smaller companies which may benefit from the development of new products and services. These smaller companies may present greater opportunities for capital appreciation, and may also involve greater investment risk than larger, more established companies. For example, smaller companies may have more limited product lines, market or financial resources and their securities may trade less frequently and in lower volume than the securities of larger, more established companies. As a result, the prices of the securities of such smaller companies may fluctuate to a greater degree than the prices of securities of other issuers.
Investment Companies. The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies to the extent permitted by law. To the extent the Fund invests in the common equity of investment companies, the Fund will bear its ratable share of any such investment company's expenses, including management fees. The Fund will also remain obligated to pay management fees to the Investment Adviser with respect to the assets invested in the securities of other investment companies. In these circumstances holders of the Fund's common shares will be subject to duplicative investment expenses.
Lower Grade Securities. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in nonconvertible preferred stock or debt securities rated in the lower rating categories of nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (i.e., rated "Ba" or lower by Moody's or "BB" or lower by S&P or Fitch) or unrated securities of comparable quality, and an unlimited percentage of it assets in convertible bonds of such quality. These high yield securities, also sometimes referred to as "junk bonds," generally pay a premium above the yields of U.S. government securities or debt securities of investment grade issuers because they are subject to greater risks than these securities. These risks, which reflect their speculative character, include the following:
greater volatility;
greater credit risk and risk of default;
potentially greater sensitivity to general economic or industry conditions;
potential lack of attractive resale opportunities (illiquidity); and
additional expenses to seek recovery from issuers who default.
In addition, the prices of these lower grade securities are more sensitive to negative developments, such as a decline in the issuer's revenues or a general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher grade securities. Lower grade securities tend to be less liquid than investment grade securities. The market value of lower grade securities may be more volatile than the market value of investment grade securities and generally tends to reflect the market's perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and short-term market developments to a greater extent than investment grade securities, which primarily reflect fluctuations in general levels of interest rates.
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Ratings are relative and subjective and not absolute standards of quality. Securities ratings are based largely on the issuer's historical financial condition and the rating agencies' analysis at the time of rating. Consequently, the rating assigned to any particular security is not necessarily a reflection of the issuer's current financial condition.
As a part of its investments in lower grade fixed-income securities, the Fund may invest in the securities of issuers in default. The Fund will invest in securities of issuers in default only when the Investment Adviser believes that such issuers will honor their obligations and emerge from bankruptcy protection and that the value of such issuers' securities will appreciate. By investing in the securities of issuers in default, the Fund bears the risk that these issuers will not continue to honor their obligations or emerge from bankruptcy protection or that the value of these securities will not otherwise appreciate.
For a further description of lower grade securities and the risks associated therewith, see "Investment Objective and Policies - Certain Investment Practices - Lower Grade Securities." For a description of the ratings categories of certain recognized statistical ratings agencies, see Appendix A to this prospectus.
Special Risks of Derivative Transactions.
Participation in the options or futures markets and in currency exchange transactions involves investment risks and transaction costs to which the Fund would not be subject absent the use of these strategies. If the Investment Adviser's prediction of movements in the direction of the securities, foreign currency and interest rate markets is inaccurate, the consequences to the Fund may leave the Fund in a worse position than if it had not used such strategies. Risks inherent in the use of options, foreign currency, futures contracts and options on futures contracts, securities indices and foreign currencies include:
dependence on the Investment Adviser's ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of interest rates, securities prices and currency markets;
imperfect correlation between the price of options and futures contracts and options thereon and movements in the prices of the securities or currencies being hedged;
the fact that skills needed to use these strategies are different from those needed to select portfolio securities;
the possible absence of a liquid secondary market for any particular instrument at any time;
the possible need to defer closing out certain hedged positions to avoid adverse tax consequences;
the possible inability of the Fund to purchase or sell a security at a time that otherwise would be favorable for it to do so, or the possible need for the Fund to sell a security at a disadvantageous time due to a need for the Fund to maintain "cover" or to segregate securities in connection with the hedging techniques; and
the creditworthiness of counterparties.
Futures Transactions. The Fund may invest without limit in futures contracts. Futures and options on futures entail certain risks, including but not limited to the following:
no assurance that futures contracts or options on futures can be offset at favorable prices;
possible reduction of the return of the Fund due to the use of hedging;
possible reduction in value of both the securities hedged and the hedging instrument;
possible lack of liquidity due to daily limits or price fluctuations;
imperfect correlation between the contracts and the securities being hedged; and
losses from investing in futures transactions that are potentially unlimited and the segregation requirements for such transactions.
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Forward Currency Exchange Contracts. There is no independent limit on the Fund's ability to invest in foreign currency exchange contracts. The use of forward currency contracts may involve certain risks, including the failure of the counterparty to perform its obligations under the contract and that the use of forward contracts may not serve as a complete hedge because of an imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the contracts and the prices of the currencies hedged or used for cover.
Counterparty Risk. The Fund will be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to the derivative contracts purchased by the Fund. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances.
For a further description of such derivative investments, see "Investment Objective and Policies - Additional Investment Policies" in the SAI.
Loans of Portfolio Securities.
Consistent with applicable regulatory requirements and the Fund's investment restrictions, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities to securities broker-dealers or financial institutions, provided that such loans are callable at any time by the Fund (subject to notice provisions described in the SAI), and are at all times secured by cash or cash equivalents, which are maintained in a segregated account pursuant to applicable regulations and that are at least equal to the market value, determined daily, of the loaned securities. The advantage of such loans is that the Fund continues to receive the income on the loaned securities while at the same time earning interest on the cash amounts deposited as collateral, which will be invested in short-term obligations. The Fund will not lend its portfolio securities if such loans are not permitted by the laws or regulations of any state in which its shares are qualified for sale. The Fund's loans of portfolio securities will be collateralized in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements.
For a further description of such loans of portfolio securities, see "Investment Objective and Policies - Additional Investment Policies - Loans of Portfolio Securities" in the SAI.
Management Risk.
The Fund is subject to management risk because it is an actively managed portfolio. The Investment Adviser will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee that these will produce the desired results.
Interest Rate Transactions.
The Fund has entered into an interest rate swap transaction with respect to its outstanding Series B Auction Market Preferred. The Fund may enter into an interest rate swap or cap transaction with respect to all or a portion of its outstanding Series C Auction Market Preferred, and may enter into an interest rate swap or cap transaction with respect to all or a portion of the ARS. The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly specialized activity that involves certain risks to the Fund including, among others, counterparty risk and early termination risk. See "How the Fund Manages Risk - Interest Rate Transactions."
Dependence on Key Personnel.
The Investment Adviser is dependent upon the expertise of Mr. Mario J. Gabelli in providing advisory services with respect to the Fund's investments. If the Investment Adviser were to lose the services of Mr. Gabelli, its ability to service the Fund could be adversely affected. There can be no assurance that a suitable replacement could be found for Mr. Gabelli in the event of his death, resignation, retirement or inability to act on behalf of the Investment Adviser.
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Anti-Takeover Provisions.
The Fund's Governing Documents include provisions that could limit the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund or convert the Fund to an open-end fund. See "Anti-Takeover Provisions of the Fund's Governing Documents."
Status as a Regulated Investment Company.
The Fund has elected and has qualified, and intends to remain qualified, for federal income tax purposes as a regulated investment company. Qualification requires, among other things, compliance by the Fund with certain distribution requirements. Statutory limitations on distributions on the common shares if the Fund fails to satisfy the 1940 Act's asset coverage requirements could jeopardize the Fund's ability to meet such distribution requirements. The Fund presently intends, however, to purchase or redeem preferred shares to the extent necessary in order to maintain compliance with such asset coverage requirements. See "Taxation" for a more complete discussion of these and other federal income tax considerations.
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HOW THE FUND MANAGES RISK
Investment Restrictions
The Fund has adopted certain investment limitations, some of which are fundamental policies of the Fund, designed to limit investment risk and maintain portfolio diversification. Under the 1940 Act, a fundamental policy may not be changed without the vote of a majority, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund (voting together as a single class). In addition, pursuant to the Statement of Preferences of each of the series of preferred shares, a majority, as defined in the 1940 Act, of the outstanding preferred shares of the Fund (voting separately as a single class) is also required to change a fundamental policy. The Fund may become subject to guidelines that are more limiting than its current investment restrictions in order to obtain and maintain ratings from Moody's and S&P on its preferred shares.
Interest Rate Transactions
The Fund has entered into an interest rate swap transaction with respect to its outstanding Series B Auction Market Preferred. The Fund may enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions in relation to its outstanding Series C Auction Market Preferred, and may enter into an interest rate swap or cap transaction with respect to all or a portion of the ARS in order to manage the impact on its portfolio of changes in the dividend rate of a series of the ARS. Through these transactions the Fund may, for example, obtain the equivalent of a fixed rate for a series of the Auction Market Preferred or ARS that is lower than the Fund would have to pay if it issued fixed rate preferred shares.
The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio security transactions. In an interest rate swap, the Fund would agree to pay to the other party to the interest rate swap (which is known as the "counterparty") periodically a fixed rate payment in exchange for the counterparty agreeing to pay to the Fund periodically a variable rate payment that is intended to approximate the Fund's variable rate payment obligation on a series of the Auction Market Preferred or ARS. In an interest rate cap, the Fund would pay a premium to the counterparty to the interest rate cap and, to the extent that a specified variable rate index exceeds a predetermined fixed rate, would receive from the counterparty payments of the difference based on the notional amount of such cap. Interest rate swap and cap transactions introduce additional risk because the Fund would remain obligated to pay preferred share dividends or distributions when due in accordance with the Statement of Preferences of the relevant series of the Auction Market Preferred or ARS even if the counterparty defaulted. Depending on the general state of short-term interest rates and the returns on the Fund's portfolio securities at that point in time, such a default could negatively affect the Fund's ability to make dividend or distribution payments on the Auction Market Preferred or ARS. In addition, at the time an interest rate swap or cap transaction reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a risk that the Fund will not be able to obtain a replacement transaction or that the terms of the replacement will not be as favorable as on the expiring transaction. If this occurs, it could have a negative impact on the Fund's ability to make dividend or distribution payments on the Auction Market Preferred or ARS. To the extent there is a decline in interest rates, the value of the interest rate swap or cap could decline, resulting in a decline in the asset coverage for the Auction Market Preferred or ARS. A sudden and dramatic decline in interest rates may result in a significant decline in the asset coverage. Under the Statement of Preferences for each series of the preferred shares, if the Fund fails to maintain the required asset coverage on the outstanding preferred shares (including the Series D Preferred and ARS) or fails to comply with other covenants, the Fund may, at its option (and in certain circumstances will be required to), mandatorily redeem some or all of these shares. The Fund generally may redeem the ARS, in whole or in part, at its option at any time (usually on a dividend or distribution payment date), other than during a non-call period. Such redemption would likely result in the Fund seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or cap transaction. Early termination of a swap could result in a termination payment by the Fund to the counterparty, while early termination of a cap could result in a termination payment to the Fund.
The Fund will usually enter into swaps or caps on a net basis; that is, the two payment streams will be netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or
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paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. The Fund intends to segregate cash or liquid securities having a value at least equal to the value of the Fund's net payment obligations under any swap transaction, marked to market daily. The Fund does not presently intend to enter into interest rate swap or cap transactions relating to the ARS in a notional amount in excess of the outstanding amount of the ARS. The Fund will monitor any such swap with a view to ensuring that the Fund remains in compliance with all applicable regulatory investment policy and tax requirements.
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
General
The Fund's Board of Trustees (who, with the Fund's officers, are described in the SAI) has overall responsibility for the management of the Fund. The Board of Trustees decides upon matters of general policy and reviews the actions of the Investment Adviser, Gabelli Funds, LLC, One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422, and the Sub-Administrator (as defined below). Pursuant to an investment advisory contract with the Fund, the Investment Adviser, under the supervision of the Fund's Board of Trustees, provides a continuous investment program for the Fund's portfolio; provides investment research and makes and executes recommendations for the purchase and sale of securities; and provides all facilities and personnel, including officers required for its administrative management and pays the compensation of all officers and trustees of the Fund who are its affiliates. As compensation for its services and the related expenses borne by the Investment Adviser, the Fund pays the Investment Adviser a fee, computed daily and payable monthly, equal, on an annual basis, to 1.00% of the Fund's average weekly net assets. As used in this prospectus, net assets means the aggregate net asset value of the common shares (which includes for this purpose assets attributable to outstanding preferred shares, if any, with no deduction for the liquidation preference of such preferred shares). However, the Investment Adviser has agreed to reduce the portion of its management fee attributable to an amount of assets of the Fund equal to the aggregate stated value of, as the case may be, its outstanding Series A or Series D Preferred, Series B or Series C Auction Market Preferred or ARS for any calendar year in which the net asset value total return of the Fund allocable to the common shares, including distributions and the management fee subject to potential reduction, is less than (i) in the case of the Series A or Series D Preferred, the stated annual dividend rate of such series and (ii) in the case of the Series B or Series C Auction Market Preferred or ARS, the net cost of capital to the Fund with respect to such series for such year expressed as a percentage (including, without duplication, distributions paid by the Fund on such series and the net cost to the Fund of any associated swap or cap transaction if the Fund hedges its distribution obligations). This reduction will apply to the portion of the Fund's assets attributable to the Series D Preferred and ARS, respectively, for so long as any shares of such series remain outstanding. The Fund's total return on the net asset value of the common shares is monitored on a monthly basis to assess whether the total return on the net asset value of the common shares exceeds the stated dividend rate or corresponding swap rate of each particular series of preferred shares for the period. The test to confirm the accrual of the management fee on the assets attributable to each particular series of preferred shares is annual. The Fund will accrue for the management fee on these assets during the fiscal year if it appears probable that the Fund will incur the management fee on those additional assets.
The Investment Adviser
Gabelli Funds, LLC acts as the Fund's Investment Adviser pursuant to an advisory agreement with the Fund. The Investment Adviser is a New York limited liability company with principal offices located at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422. The Investment Adviser was organized in 1999 and is the successor to Gabelli Funds, Inc., which was organized in 1980. As of September 30, 2005, the Investment Adviser acts as registered investment adviser to 28 management investment companies with aggregate net assets of $13.6 billion. The Investment Adviser, together with other affiliated investment advisers noted below had assets under management totaling approximately $26.9 billion as of September 30, 2005. GAMCO Asset Management Inc., an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, acts as investment adviser for individuals, pension trusts, profit sharing trusts and endowments, and as a sub-adviser to management investment companies having aggregate assets of $13.1 billion under management as of September 30, 2005. Gabelli Fixed Income LLC, an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, acts as investment adviser for The Treasurer's Funds (money market funds) and separate accounts having aggregate assets of approximately $200 million under management as of September 30, 2005. Gabelli Advisers, Inc., an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, acts as investment manager to the Westwood Funds having aggregate assets of approximately $400 million under management as of September 30, 2005.
The Investment Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of GAMCO Investors, Inc., a New York corporation, whose Class A Common Stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol "GBL." Mr. Mario J. Gabelli may be
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deemed a "controlling person" of the Investment Adviser on the basis of his ownership of a majority of the stock of GGCP, Inc., which owns a majority of the capital stock of GAMCO Investors, Inc.
Payment of Expenses
The Investment Adviser is obligated to pay expenses associated with providing the services contemplated by the investment advisory agreement between the Fund and the Investment Adviser (the "Advisory Agreement"), including compensation of and office space for its officers and employees connected with investment and economic research, trading and investment management and administration of the Fund (but excluding costs associated with the calculation of the net asset value), and the fees of all trustees of the Fund who are affiliated with the Investment Adviser. The Fund pays all other expenses incurred in its operation including, among other things, offering expenses, expenses for legal and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm services, rating agency fees, costs of printing proxies, share certificates and shareholder reports, charges of the custodian, any subcustodian, auction agent, transfer agent(s) and dividend paying agent expenses in connection with its respective automatic dividend reinvestment and voluntary cash purchase plan, Securities and Exchange Commission fees, fees and expenses of unaffiliated directors, accounting and pricing costs, including costs of calculating the net asset value of the Fund, membership fees in trade associations, fidelity bond coverage for its officers and employees, directors' and officers' errors and omission insurance coverage, interest, brokerage costs, taxes, stock exchange listing fees and expenses, expenses of qualifying its shares for sale in various states, litigation and other extraordinary or non-recurring expenses, and other expenses properly payable by the Fund.
Selection of Securities Brokers
The Advisory Agreement contains provisions relating to the selection of securities brokers to effect the portfolio transactions of the Fund. Under those provisions, the Investment Adviser may (i) direct Fund portfolio brokerage to Gabelli & Company, Inc. or other broker-dealer affiliates of the Investment Adviser and (ii) pay commissions to brokers other than Gabelli & Company, Inc. that are higher than might be charged by another qualified broker to obtain brokerage and/or research services considered by the Investment Adviser to be useful or desirable for its investment management of the Fund and/or its other advisory accounts or those of any investment adviser affiliated with it. The SAI contains further information about the Advisory Agreement, including a more complete description of the advisory and expense arrangements, exculpatory and brokerage provisions, and information on the brokerage practices of the Fund.
Portfolio Managers
Mario J. Gabelli is currently and has been responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund since its formation. Mr. Gabelli has served as Chief Investment Officer - Value Portfolios of Gabelli Funds, LLC and its predecessor since 1980. Mr. Gabelli also serves as Portfolio Manager for several other funds in the Gabelli fund family. Because of the diverse nature of Mr. Gabelli's responsibilities, he will devote less than all of his time to the day-to-day management of the Fund. Over the past five years, Mr. Gabelli has served as Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of GAMCO Investors, Inc.; Chief Investment Officer - Value Portfolios of GAMCO Asset Management Inc; Vice Chairman of the Board of Lynch Corporation (until 2004), a diversified manufacturing company, and Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Lynch Interactive Corporation, a multimedia and communications services company.
Barbara G. Marcin serves as a senior portfolio manager for the Fund. Ms. Marcin joined GAMCO Investors, Inc. in 1999. Ms. Marcin currently serves as the portfolio manager of the Gabelli Blue Chip Value Fund and a portfolio manager of the Gabelli Global Gold, Natural Resources & Income Trust. Prior thereto, she worked at Citibank Global Asset Management where she was head of value investments and was a member of the Global Investment Policy Committee and co-Chair of the U.S. Equity Policy Committee. Prior to joining Citibank, she worked at Fiduciary Trust Company for ten years as a portfolio manager and as an analyst in the Personal Financial Management Group at EF Hutton. Ms. Marcin received a M.B.A. from Harvard University and a B.A. from the University of Virginia.
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The SAI provides additional information about the Portfolio Managers' compensation, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers, and the Portfolio Managers' ownership of securities of the Fund.
Non-Resident Trustees
Karl Otto Pöhl, Anthonie C. van Ekris and Mario d'Urso, trustees of the Fund, reside outside the U.S. and all or a significant portion of their assets are located outside the U.S. None of these trustees has an authorized agent in the U.S. to receive service of process. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process within the U.S. or to enforce against any non-resident trustee in U.S. courts judgments predicated upon civil liability provisions of U.S. securities laws. It may also not be possible to enforce against any non-resident trustee in foreign courts judgments of U.S. courts or liabilities in original actions predicated upon civil liability provisions of the U.S.
Sub-Administrator
The Investment Adviser has entered into a sub-administration agreement with PFPC Inc. (the "Sub-Administrator") pursuant to which the Sub-Administrator provides certain administrative services necessary for the Fund's operations which do not include the investment and portfolio management services provided by the Investment Adviser. For these services and the related expenses borne by the Sub-Administrator, the Investment Adviser pays a prorated monthly fee at the annual rate of 0.0275% of the first $10 billion of the aggregate average net assets of the Fund and all other funds advised by the Investment Adviser and administered by the Sub-Administrator, 0.0125% of the aggregate average net assets exceeding $10 billion but less than $15 billion and 0.01% of the aggregate average net assets in excess of $15 billion. The Sub-Administrator has its principal office at 760 Moore Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406.
Regulatory Matters
The Securities and Exchange Commission, the New York Attorney General and officials of other states have been conducting inquiries into, and bringing enforcement and other proceedings regarding, trading abuses involving open-end investment companies. The Investment Adviser has received information requests and subpoenas from the Securities and Exchange Commission and the New York Attorney General in connection with these inquiries. The Investment Adviser and its affiliates have been complying with these requests for documents and testimony and have implemented additional compliance policies and procedures in response to recent industry initiatives and their internal reviews of their mutual fund practices in a variety of areas. The Investment Adviser has not found any information that it believes would be material to the ability of the Investment Adviser to fulfill its obligations under the Advisory Agreement. More specifically, the Investment Adviser has not found any evidence of facilitating trading in the Gabelli mutual funds after the 4:00 p.m. pricing time or of improper short-term trading in these funds by its investment professionals or senior executives. The Investment Adviser has found that one investor, who had been engaged in short-term trading in one of the Gabelli mutual funds (the prospectus of which did not at that time impose limits on short-term trading) and who had subsequently made an investment in a hedge fund managed by an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, was banned from the mutual fund only after certain other investors were banned. The Investment Adviser believes that this relationship was not material to the Investment Adviser. Inasmuch as both the Investment Adviser's review of its mutual fund practices and the governmental probes of the mutual fund industry are ongoing, no assurance can be provided that additional facts will not come to light in the course of its review that may be material to the Investment Adviser or that the Investment Adviser will not become the subject of enforcement or other proceedings by the Securities and Exchange Commission or the New York Attorney General. In light of the current turmoil in the mutual fund industry arising from the late trading, improper market timing and employee trading problems, there can be no assurance that any such action could not have an adverse impact on the Investment Adviser or on its ability to fulfill its obligations under the Advisory Agreement.
* * *
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The Dividend & Income Trust has received the following information from the Adviser. The Adviser was informed by the staff of the SEC that they may recommend to the SEC that the Adviser be held accountable for the actions of two of the seven closed-end funds managed by the Adviser relating to Section 19(a) and Rule 19a-1 of the 1940 Act. These provisions require registered investment companies to provide written statements to shareholders when a distribution is made from a source other than net investment income. While the two funds sent annual statements containing the required information and 1099 statements as required by the IRS, the funds did not send written statements to shareholders with each distribution in 2002 and 2003. The staff indicated that they may recommend to the SEC that administrative remedies be sought, including a monetary penalty. The closed-end funds changed their notification procedure and the Adviser believes that all of the funds are now in compliance. The staff's notice to the Adviser did not relate to the Fund. The Adviser does not expect this action to have any effect on the Fund or any material effect on the Adviser.
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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Principal transactions are not entered into with affiliates of the Fund. However, Gabelli & Company, Inc., an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, may execute portfolio transactions on stock exchanges and in the over-the-counter markets on an agency basis and receive a stated commission therefor. For a more detailed discussion of the Fund's brokerage allocation practices, see "Portfolio Transactions" in the SAI.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund has adopted a policy, which the Board of Trustees may change at any time, of paying monthly distributions of $0.10 per common share, which is equal to an annual rate of 6% of the offering price per common share. This policy permits holders of common shares to realize a predictable, but not assured, level of cash flow and some liquidity periodically with respect to their common shares without having to sell shares. A portion of the Fund's distributions on its common shares to date have included or have been estimated to include a return of capital. The composition of distributions is based on earnings as of the record date for the distribution. The actual composition of the distribution may change based on the Fund's investment activity through December 31, 2005. To avoid paying income tax at the corporate level, the Fund will distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain.
The Fund may retain for reinvestment, and pay the resulting federal income taxes on, its net capital gain, if any, although, as previously mentioned, the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its net capital gain each year. In the event that the Fund's investment company taxable income and net capital gain exceeds the total of the Fund's monthly distributions and the amount of distributions on any preferred shares issued by the Fund, the Fund intends to pay such excess once a year. If, for any calendar year, the total monthly distributions and the amount of distributions on any preferred shares issued by the Fund exceed investment company taxable income and net capital gain, the excess will generally be treated as a tax-free return of capital up to the amount of a shareholder's tax basis in his or her shares. Any distributions to the holders of preferred shares which constitute tax-free return of capital will reduce a shareholder's tax basis in such preferred shares, thereby increasing such shareholder's potential gain or reducing his or her potential loss on the sale of the preferred shares. Any amounts distributed to a preferred shareholder in excess of the basis in the preferred shares will generally be taxable to the shareholder as capital gain. See "Taxation."
In the event the Fund distributes amounts in excess of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, such distributions will decrease the Fund's total assets and, therefore, have the likely effect of increasing the Fund's expense ratio as the Fund's fixed expenses will become a larger percentage of the Fund's average net assets. In addition, in order to make such distributions, the Fund may have to sell a portion of its investment portfolio at a time when independent investment judgment may not dictate such action.
The Fund, along with other closed-end registered investment companies advised by the Investment Adviser, is covered by an exemption from Section 19(b) of the 1940 Act and Rule 19b-1 thereunder permitting the Fund to make periodic distributions of long-term capital gains provided that any distribution policy of the Fund with respect to its common shares calls for periodic (e.g., quarterly or semi-annually, but in no event more frequently than monthly) distributions in an amount equal to a fixed percentage of the Fund's average net asset value over a specified period of time or market price per common share at or about the time of distribution or pay-out of a fixed dollar amount. The Fund's current policy is to make monthly distributions to holders of its common shares. The exemption also permits the Fund to make such distributions with respect to its preferred shares in accordance with such shares' terms.
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DESCRIPTION OF SERIES D PREFERRED AND SERIES E AUCTION RATE PREFERRED
The Fund offers by this prospectus, in the aggregate, $200 million of preferred shares of either Series D Preferred or ARS, or a combination of both series. The following is a brief description of the terms of each of the Series D Preferred and the ARS. This description does not purport to be complete and is qualified by reference to the Fund's Declaration of Trust and Statements of Preferences (the Fund's Governing Documents), including the provisions of the Series D Statement of Preferences and Series E Statement of Preferences. For complete terms of the Series D Preferred or the ARS, including definitions of terms used in this prospectus, please refer to the actual terms of such series, which are set forth in the applicable Statement of Preferences.
General
Under its Governing Documents, the Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited amount of preferred shares. Under its Governing Documents, the Fund is authorized to issue such preferred shares as Series D Preferred and ARS in the amounts offered by this prospectus. No fractional shares of either series will be issued. The Board of Trustees reserves the right to issue additional preferred shares, including Series D Preferred or ARS, or senior securities representing debt from time to time, subject to the restrictions in the Fund's Governing Documents and the 1940 Act.
If and when issued, the Series D Preferred will have a liquidation preference of $25 per share and the ARS will have a liquidation preference of $25,000 per share. Upon a liquidation, each holder of Series D Preferred or ARS will be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders (after payment of claims of the Fund's creditors but before any distributions with respect to the Fund's common shares or any other shares of the Fund ranking junior to the Series D Preferred and the ARS as to liquidation payments) an amount per share equal to such share's liquidation preference plus any accumulated but unpaid distributions (whether or not earned or declared, excluding interest thereon) to the date of distribution and such shareholders shall be entitled to no further participation in any distribution or payment in connection with such liquidation. The Series D Preferred and the ARS will rank on a parity with any other series of preferred shares (including the Auction Market Preferred) of the Fund as to the payment of distributions and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, and will be junior to the Fund's obligations with respect to any outstanding senior securities representing debt. Series D Preferred and ARS each carry one vote per share on all matters on which such shares are entitled to vote. The Series D Preferred and the ARS will, upon issuance, be fully paid and nonassessable and will have no preemptive, exchange or conversion rights. The Board of Trustees may by resolution classify or reclassify any authorized but unissued capital shares of the Fund from time to time by setting or changing the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions or terms or conditions of redemption. The Fund will not issue any class of shares senior to the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS.
Rating Agency Guidelines
Upon issuance, both the Series D Preferred and the ARS will be rated "Aaa" by Moody's. In addition, the ARS will also be rated "AAA" by S&P. The Fund is required under Moody's and S&P guidelines to maintain assets having in the aggregate a discounted value at least equal to the Basic Maintenance Amount (as defined below) for its outstanding preferred shares, including any outstanding Series D Preferred or ARS, with respect to the separate guidelines Moody's and S&P has each established for determining discounted value. To the extent any particular portfolio holding does not satisfy the applicable rating agency's guidelines, all or a portion of such holding's value will not be included in the calculation of discounted value (as defined by such rating agency). The Moody's and S&P guidelines also impose certain diversification requirements and industry concentration limitations on the Fund's overall portfolio, and apply specified discounts to securities held by the Fund (except certain money market securities). The "Basic Maintenance Amount" is equal to (i) the sum of (a) the aggregate liquidation preference of any preferred shares then outstanding plus (to the extent not included in the liquidation preference of such preferred shares) an amount equal to the aggregate accumulated but unpaid distributions (whether or not earned or declared) in respect of such preferred shares, (b) the total principal of any debt (plus
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accrued and projected interest), (c) certain Fund expenses and (d) certain other current liabilities (excluding any unmade distributions on the Fund's common shares) less (ii) the Fund's (a) cash and (b) assets consisting of indebtedness which (y) mature prior to or on the date of redemption or repurchase of the preferred shares and are U.S. government securities or evidences of indebtedness rated at least "Aaa," "P-1", "VMIG-1" or "MIG-1" by Moody's or "AAA", "SP-1+" or "A-1+" by S&P, and (z) is held by the Fund for distributions, the redemption or repurchase of preferred shares or the Fund's liabilities.
If the Fund does not timely cure a failure to maintain a discounted value of its portfolio equal to the Basic Maintenance Amount in accordance with the requirements of the applicable rating agency or agencies then rating the Series D Preferred or the ARS at the request of the Fund, the Fund may, and in certain circumstances will be required to, mandatorily redeem preferred shares, including the Series D Preferred or the ARS, as described below under " - Redemption."
The Fund may, but is not required to, adopt any modifications to the rating agency guidelines that may hereafter be established by Moody's and S&P. Failure to adopt any such modifications, however, may result in a change in the relevant rating agency's ratings or a withdrawal of such ratings altogether. In addition, any rating agency providing a rating for the Series D Preferred or the ARS at the request of the Fund may, at any time, change or withdraw any such rating. The Board of Trustees, without further action by the shareholders, may amend, alter, add to or repeal certain of the definitions and related provisions that have been adopted by the Fund pursuant to the rating agency guidelines if the Board of Trustees determines that such modification is necessary to prevent a reduction in rating of the preferred shares by Moody's and S&P, as the case may be, is in the best interests of the holders of common shares and is not adverse to the holders of preferred shares in view of advice to the Fund by Moody's and S&P (or such other rating agency then rating the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS at the request of the Fund) that such modification would not adversely affect, as the case may be, its then current rating of the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS.
The Board of Trustees may amend either the Series D or Series E Statement of Preferences definition of "Maximum Rate" (the "maximum rate" as defined below under " - Distributions on the Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Maximum Rate") to increase the percentage amount by which the applicable reference rate is multiplied or to increase the applicable spread to which the reference rate is added to determine the maximum rate without the vote or consent of the holders of the ARS or any other shareholder of the Fund, but only after consultation with the broker-dealers and with confirmation from each applicable rating agency that the Fund could meet applicable rating agency asset coverage tests immediately following any such increase.
As described by Moody's and S&P, the ratings assigned to the Series D Preferred and the ARS are assessments of the capacity and willingness of the Fund to pay the obligations of each of the Series D Preferred and the ARS. The ratings on the Series D Preferred and the ARS are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell shares of either series, inasmuch as the ratings do not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. The rating agency guidelines also do not address the likelihood that an owner of Series D Preferred or ARS will be able to sell such shares on an exchange, in an auction or otherwise. The ratings are based on current information furnished to Moody's and S&P by the Fund and the Investment Adviser and information obtained from other sources. The ratings may be changed, suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or the unavailability of, such information.
The rating agency guidelines will apply to the Series D Preferred or ARS, as the case may be, only so long as such rating agency is rating such shares at the request of the Fund. The Fund will pay fees to Moody's and S&P for rating the Series D Preferred and the ARS.
Asset Maintenance Requirements
In addition to the requirements summarized under " - Rating Agency Guidelines" above, the Fund must also satisfy asset maintenance requirements under the 1940 Act with respect to its preferred shares. The 1940 Act requirements are summarized below.
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The Fund will be required under the Series D and Series E Statement of Preferences to determine whether it has, as of the last business day of each March, June, September and December of each year, an "asset coverage" (as defined in the 1940 Act) of at least 200% (or such higher or lower percentage as may be required at the time under the 1940 Act) with respect to all outstanding senior securities of the Fund that are stock, including any outstanding Series D Preferred and ARS. If the Fund fails to maintain the asset coverage required under the 1940 Act on such dates and such failure is not cured within 60 calendar days, in the case of the Series D Preferred, or 10 business days, in the case of the ARS, the Fund may, and in certain circumstances will be required to, mandatorily redeem the number of preferred shares sufficient to satisfy such asset coverage. See " - Redemption" below.
The Fund estimates that if the shares offered hereby had been issued and sold as of September 30, 2005, the asset coverage under the 1940 Act would have been approximately 458% immediately following such issuance (and after giving effect to the deduction of the estimated underwriting discounts of $3,397,500 and estimated offering expenses for such shares of $475,000). The asset coverage would have been computed as follows:
Value of Fund assets less liabilities not constituting senior securities |
|
$2,289,314,657 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
= | = | 458 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Senior securities representing indebtedness plus liquidation preference of each class of preferred shares |
|
$500,000,000 |
|
|
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Distributions on the Series D Preferred
Upon issuance of the Series D Preferred (if issued), holders of shares of Series D Preferred will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Trustees of the Fund out of funds legally available therefor, cumulative cash distributions, at the annual rate of 6.00% (computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months) of the liquidation preference of $25 per share, payable quarterly on March 26, June 26, September 26, and December 26 of each year or, if any such day is not a business day, the immediately succeeding business day. Such distributions will commence on December 26, 2005 and will be payable to the persons in whose names the shares of Series D Preferred are registered at the close of business on the fifth preceding business day.
Distributions on the shares of Series D Preferred will accumulate from the date on which such shares are issued.
Distributions on the Series E Auction Rate Preferred
General. Upon issuance of the ARS (if issued), the holders of the ARS will be entitled to receive cash distributions stated at annual rates as a percentage of its $25,000 per share liquidation preference, that will vary from dividend period to dividend period. The dividend rate for the initial dividend period for the ARS offered in this prospectus will be the rate set out on the cover of this prospectus. For subsequent dividend periods, the ARS will pay distributions based on a rate set at the auction, normally held weekly, but the rates set at the auction will not exceed the maximum rate. Dividend periods generally will be seven days, and the dividend periods generally will begin on the first business day after an auction. In most instances, distributions are also paid weekly, on the business day following the end of the dividend period. The Fund, subject to some limitations, may change the length of the dividend periods, designating them as "special dividend periods," as described below.
Distribution Payments. Except as described below, the dividend payment date will be the first business day after the dividend period ends. The dividend payment dates for special dividend periods of more (or less) than seven days will be set out in the notice designating a special dividend period. See " - Designation of Special Dividend Periods" for a discussion of payment dates for a special dividend period.
Distributions on ARS will be paid on the dividend payment date to holders of record as their names appear on the Fund's share ledger or share records on the business day next preceding the dividend payment date. If distributions are in arrears, they may be declared and paid at any time to holders of record as their names appear on the Fund's share ledger or share records on a date not more than 15 days before the payment date, as the Fund's Board of Trustees may fix.
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The dividend paying agent, in accordance with its current procedures, is expected to credit in same-day funds on each dividend payment date distributions received from the Fund to the accounts of broker-dealers who act on behalf of holders of ARS. Such broker-dealers, in turn, are expected to distribute distribution payments to the person for whom they are acting as agents. If a broker-dealer does not make distributions available to holders of ARS in same-day funds, these shareholders will not have funds available until the next business day.
Dividend Rate Set at Auction. The ARS pay distributions based on a rate set at auction at which ARS may be bought and sold. The auction usually is held weekly, but may be held more or less frequently. The Bank of New York, the auction agent, reviews orders from broker-dealers on behalf of existing holders who wish to sell, hold at the auction rate, or hold only at a specified dividend rate, and on behalf of potential holders who wish to buy shares of ARS. The auction agent then determines the lowest dividend rate that will result in all of the shares of that series of ARS continuing to be held. See "The Auction of Series E Auction Rate Preferred."
If a dividend payment date is not a business day because the NYSE is closed for business for more than three consecutive business days due to an act of God, natural disaster, act of war, civil or military disturbance, act of terrorism, sabotage, riots or a loss or malfunction of utilities or communications services, or the dividend payable on such date can not be paid for any such reason, then:
the dividend payment date for the affected dividend period will be the next business day on which the Fund and its paying agent, if any, are able to cause the distributions to be paid using their reasonable best efforts;
the affected dividend period will end on the day it would have ended had such event not occurred and the dividend payment date had remained the scheduled date; and
the next dividend period will begin and end on the dates on which it would have begun and ended had such event not occurred and the dividend payment date remained the scheduled date.
Determination of Dividend Rates. The Fund computes the distributions per share by multiplying the applicable rate determined at the auction by a fraction, the numerator of which normally is the number of days in such dividend period and the denominator of which is 360. This applicable rate is then multiplied by $25,000 to arrive at the distribution per share.
Maximum Rate. The dividend rate that results from an auction for ARS will not be greater than the applicable "maximum rate." The maximum rate for any standard dividend period will be the greater of the applicable percentage of the reference rate or the reference rate plus the applicable spread. The reference rate will be the applicable LIBOR Rate (as defined below) for a dividend period of fewer than 365 days or the Treasury Index Rate (as defined below) for a dividend period of 365 days or more. The applicable percentage and the applicable spread will be determined based on the lower of the credit ratings assigned to the ARS by Moody's and S&P on the auction date for such period (as set forth in the table on the next page). If Moody's and/or S&P do not make such rating available, the rate shall be determined by reference to equivalent ratings issued by a substitute rating agency. In the case of a special dividend period, (1) the Fund will communicate the maximum applicable rate in a notice of special rate period for such dividend payment period, (2) the applicable percentage and applicable spread will be determined on the date two business days before the first day of such special dividend period and (3) the reference rate will be the applicable LIBOR Rate for a dividend period of fewer than 365 days or the Treasury Index Rate for a dividend period of 365 days or more.
The Fund will take all reasonable action necessary to enable Moody's and S&P to provide ratings for the ARS. If such ratings are not made available by Moody's or S&P, the Fund, after consultation with Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated will select one or more other rating agencies to act as substitute rating agencies.
The "LIBOR Rate," as described in greater detail in the Series E Statement of Preferences, is the applicable London Inter-Bank Offered Rate for deposits in U.S. dollars for the period most closely approximating the applicable dividend period for the ARS.
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The "Treasury Index Rate," as described in greater detail in the Series E Statement of Preferences, is the average yield to maturity for certain U.S. Treasury securities having substantially the same length to maturity as the applicable dividend period for the ARS.
Credit Ratings | |||||||||||||||
Moody's | S&P | Applicable Percentage | Applicable Spread | ||||||||||||
Aaa | AAA | 150 | % | 1.50 | % | ||||||||||
Aa3 to Aa1 | AA to AA+ | 250 | % | 2.50 | % | ||||||||||
A3 to A1 | A to A+ | 350 | % | 3.50 | % | ||||||||||
Baa1 or lower | BBB+ or lower | 550 | % | 5.50 | % |
Assuming the Fund maintains an "AAA" and "Aaa" rating on the ARS, the practical effect of the different methods used to determine the maximum rate is shown in the table below:
Reference Rate |
Maximum Applicable Rate Using the Applicable Percentage |
Maximum Applicable Rate Using the Applicable Spread |
Method Used to Determine the Maximum Applicable Rate |
||||||||||||
1 | % | 1.50 | % | 2.50 | % | Spread | |||||||||
2 | % | 3.00 | % | 3.50 | % | Spread | |||||||||
3 | % | 4.50 | % | 4.50 | % | Either | |||||||||
4 | % | 6.00 | % | 5.50 | % | Percentage | |||||||||
5 | % | 7.50 | % | 6.50 | % | Percentage | |||||||||
6 | % | 9.00 | % | 7.50 | % | Percentage |
There is no minimum dividend rate in respect of any dividend period.
Effect of Failure to Pay Distributions in a Timely Manner. If the Fund fails to pay the paying agent the full amount of any distribution or redemption price, as applicable, for the ARS in a timely manner, the dividend rate for the ARS for the dividend period following such a failure to pay (such period referred to as the default period) and any subsequent dividend period for which such default is continuing will be the default rate. In the event the Fund fully pays all default amounts due during a dividend period, the dividend rate for the remainder of that dividend period will be, as the case may be, the applicable rate (for the first dividend period following a dividend default) or the then maximum rate (for any subsequent dividend period for which such default is continuing).
The default rate is 550% of the applicable LIBOR Rate for a dividend period of 364 days or fewer and 550% of the applicable Treasury Index Rate for a dividend period of longer than 364 days.
Designation of Special Dividend Periods. The Fund may instruct the auction agent to hold auctions more or less frequently than weekly and may designate dividend periods longer or shorter than one week. The Fund may do this if, for example, the Fund expects that short-term rates might increase or market conditions otherwise change, in an effort to optimize the effect of the Fund's leverage on holders of its common shares. The Fund does not currently expect to hold auctions and pay distributions less frequently than weekly or establish dividend periods longer or shorter than one week. If the Fund designates a special dividend period, changes in interest rates could affect the price received if shares of ARS are sold in the secondary market.
Any designation of a special dividend period for the ARS will be effective only if (i) notice thereof has been given as provided for in the Governing Documents, (ii) any failure to pay in a timely manner to the auction agent the full amount of any distribution on, or the redemption price of, the ARS has been cured as provided for in the Governing Documents, (iii) the auction immediately preceding the special dividend period was not a failed auction, (iv) if the Fund has mailed a notice of redemption with respect to the ARS, the Fund has deposited with the paying agent all funds necessary for such redemption and (v) the Fund has confirmed that as of the auction date next preceding the first day of such special dividend period, it has assets with an aggregate discounted value at least equal to the Basic Maintenance Amount (as defined below), and the Fund has consulted with the broker-dealers for the ARS including Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and the Fund has provided notice of such designation and a Basic Maintenance Report to each rating agency then rating the ARS at the request of the Fund.
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The dividend payment date for any such special dividend period will be set out in the notice designating the special dividend period. In addition, for special dividend periods of at least 91 days, dividend payment dates will occur on the first business day of each calendar month within such dividend period and on the business day following the last day of such dividend period.
Before the Fund designates a special dividend period: (i) at least seven business days (or two business days in the event the duration of the dividend period prior to such special dividend period is less than eight days) and not more than 30 business days before the first day of the proposed special dividend period, the Fund will issue a press release stating its intention to designate a special dividend period and inform the auction agent of the proposed special dividend period by telephonic or other means and confirm it in writing promptly thereafter and (ii) the Fund must inform the auction agent of the proposed special dividend period by 3:00 p.m., New York City time on the second business day before the first day of the proposed special dividend period.
See the SAI for more information.
Restrictions on Dividends and Other Distributions for the Series D Preferred and the Series E Auction Rate Preferred
So long as any Series D Preferred or ARS is outstanding, the Fund may not pay any dividend or distribution (other than a dividend or distribution paid in common shares or in options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase common shares) in respect of the common shares or call for redemption, redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any common shares (except by conversion into or exchange for shares of the Fund ranking junior to the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation), unless:
the Fund has declared and paid (or provided to the relevant dividend paying agent) all cumulative distributions on the Fund's outstanding preferred shares, including the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS, due on or prior to the date of such common share dividend or distribution;
the Fund has redeemed the full number of shares of Series D Preferred and/or ARS to be redeemed pursuant to any mandatory redemption provision in the Fund's Governing Documents; and
after making the distribution, the Fund meets applicable asset coverage requirements described under " - Rating Agency Guidelines" and " - Asset Maintenance Requirements."
No full distribution will be declared or made on the Series D Preferred or the ARS for any dividend period, or part thereof, unless full cumulative distributions due through the most recent dividend payment dates therefor for all outstanding series of preferred shares of the Fund ranking on a parity with the Series D Preferred and ARS as to distributions have been or contemporaneously are declared and made. If full cumulative distributions due have not been made on all outstanding preferred shares of the Fund ranking on a parity with the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS as to the payment of distributions, any distributions being paid on the preferred shares (including the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS) will be paid as nearly pro rata as possible in proportion to the respective amounts of distributions accumulated but unmade on each such series of preferred shares on the relevant dividend payment date. The Fund's obligation to make distributions on the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS will be subordinate to its obligations to pay interest and principal, when due, on any of the Fund's senior securities representing debt.
Redemption
Mandatory Redemption Relating to Asset Coverage Requirements. The Fund may, at its option, consistent with its Governing Documents and the 1940 Act, and in certain circumstances will be required to, mandatorily redeem preferred shares (including, at its discretion, the Series D Preferred or ARS) in the event that:
the Fund fails to maintain the asset coverage requirements specified under the 1940 Act on a quarterly valuation date and such failure is not cured on or before 60 days, in the case of the Series D Preferred, or 10 business days, in the case of the ARS, following such failure; or
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the Fund fails to maintain the asset coverage requirements as calculated in accordance with the applicable rating agency guidelines as of any monthly valuation date, and such failure is not cured on or before 10 business days after such valuation date.
The redemption price for shares of each of the Series D Preferred and the ARS subject to mandatory redemption will be, respectively, $25 per share and $25,000 per share, in each case plus an amount equal to any accumulated but unmade distributions (whether or not earned or declared) to the date fixed for redemption, plus (in the case of the ARS having a dividend period of more than one year) any applicable redemption premium determined by the Board of Trustees.
The number of preferred shares that will be redeemed in the case of a mandatory redemption will equal the minimum number of outstanding preferred shares, the redemption of which, if such redemption had occurred immediately prior to the opening of business on the applicable cure date, would have resulted in the relevant asset coverage requirement having been met or, if the required asset coverage cannot be so restored, all of the preferred shares. In the event that preferred shares are redeemed due to a failure to satisfy the 1940 Act asset coverage requirements, the Fund may, but is not required to, redeem a sufficient number of preferred shares so that the Fund's assets exceed the asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act after the redemption by 10% (that is, 220% asset coverage). In the event that preferred shares are redeemed due to a failure to satisfy applicable rating agency guidelines, the Fund may, but is not required to, redeem a sufficient number of preferred shares so that the Fund's discounted portfolio value (as determined in accordance with the applicable rating agency guidelines) after redemption exceeds the asset coverage requirements of each applicable rating agency by up to 10% (that is, 110% rating agency asset coverage). In addition, as discussed under " - Optional Redemption of the Series E Auction Rate Preferred" below, the Fund generally may redeem the ARS, in whole or in part, at its option at any time (usually on a dividend or distribution payment date), other than during a non-call period.
If the Fund does not have funds legally available for the redemption of, or is otherwise unable to redeem, all the preferred shares to be redeemed on any redemption date, the Fund will redeem on such redemption date that number of shares for which it has legally available funds, or is otherwise able to redeem, from the holders whose shares are to be redeemed ratably on the basis of the redemption price of such shares, and the remainder of those shares to be redeemed will be redeemed on the earliest practicable date on which the Fund will have funds legally available for the redemption of, or is otherwise able to redeem, such shares upon written notice of redemption.
If fewer than all of the Fund's outstanding preferred shares are to be redeemed, the Fund, at its discretion and subject to the limitations of the Governing Documents and 1940 Act, will select the one or more series of preferred shares from which shares will be redeemed and the amount of preferred shares to be redeemed from each such series. If less than all preferred shares of a series are to be redeemed, such redemption will be made as among the holders of that series pro rata in accordance with the respective number of shares of such series held by each such holder on the record date for such redemption (or by such other equitable method as the Fund may determine). If fewer than all the preferred shares held by any holder are to be redeemed, the notice of redemption mailed to such holder will specify the number of shares to be redeemed from such holder, which may be expressed as a percentage of shares held on the applicable record date.
Optional Redemption of the Series D Preferred. Prior to November 3, 2010 the shares of Series D Preferred are not subject to optional redemption by the Fund unless such redemption is necessary, in the judgment of the Fund, to maintain the Fund's status as a regulated investment company under the Code. Commencing on November 3, 2010 and thereafter, the Fund may at any time redeem shares of Series D Preferred in whole or in part for cash at a redemption price per share equal to $25 per share plus accumulated and unmade distributions (whether or not earned or declared) to the redemption date. Such redemptions are subject to the notice requirements set forth under " - Redemption Procedures" and the limitations of the Governing Documents and 1940 Act.
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Optional Redemption of the Series E Auction Rate Preferred. The Fund generally may redeem the ARS, in whole or in part, at its option at any time (usually on a dividend or distribution payment date), other than during a non-call period. The Fund may designate a non-call period during a dividend period of more than seven days. In the case of the ARS having a dividend period of one year or less, the redemption price per share will equal $25,000 plus an amount equal to any accumulated but unmade distributions thereon (whether or not earned or declared) to the redemption date, and in the case of the ARS having a dividend period of more than one year, the redemption price per share will equal $25,000 plus any redemption premium applicable during such dividend period. Such redemptions are subject to the notice requirements set forth under " - Redemption Procedures" and the limitations of the Governing Documents and 1940 Act.
Redemption Procedures. A notice of redemption with respect to an optional redemption will be given to the holders of record of preferred shares selected for redemption not less than 15 days (subject to NYSE requirements), in the case of the Series D Preferred, and not less than seven days in the case of the ARS, nor, in both cases, more than 40 days prior to the date fixed for redemption. Preferred shareholders may receive shorter notice in the event of a mandatory redemption. Each notice of redemption will state (i) the redemption date, (ii) the number or percentage of preferred shares to be redeemed (which may be expressed as a percentage of such shares outstanding), (iii) the CUSIP number(s) of such shares, (iv) the redemption price (specifying the amount of accumulated distributions to be included therein), (v) the place or places where such shares are to be redeemed, (vi) that distributions on the shares to be redeemed will cease to accumulate on such redemption date, (vii) the provision of the Series D or Series E Statement of Preferences, as applicable, under which the redemption is being made and (viii) any conditions precedent to such redemption. No defect in the notice of redemption or in the mailing thereof will affect the validity of the redemption proceedings, except as required by applicable law.
The holders of Series D Preferred or ARS will not have the right to redeem any of their shares at their option.
Liquidation Rights
Upon a liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the affairs of the Fund (whether voluntary or involuntary), holders of Series D Preferred or ARS then outstanding will be entitled to receive out of the assets of the Fund available for distribution to shareholders, after satisfying claims of creditors but before any distribution or payment of assets is made to holders of the common shares or any other class of shares of the Fund ranking junior to the Series D Preferred or the ARS as to liquidation payments, a liquidation distribution in the amount of $25 per share, in the case of the Series D Preferred, or $25,000 per share, in the case of the ARS, in either case plus an amount equal to all unmade distributions accumulated to and including the date fixed for such distribution or payment (whether or not earned or declared by the Fund but excluding interest thereon), and such holders will be entitled to no further participation in any distribution or payment in connection with any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up. If, upon any liquidation, dissolution, or winding up of the affairs of the Fund, whether voluntary or involuntary, the assets of the Fund available for distribution among the holders of all outstanding preferred shares of the Fund ranking on a parity with the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS as to payment upon liquidation will be insufficient to permit the payment in full to such holders of the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS and other parity preferred shares of the amounts due upon liquidation with respect to such shares, then such available assets will be distributed among the holders of the Series D Preferred, the ARS and such other parity preferred shares ratably in proportion to the respective preferential amounts to which they are entitled. Unless and until the liquidation payments due to holders of the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS and such other parity preferred shares have been paid in full, no dividends or distributions will be made to holders of the common shares or any other shares of the Fund ranking junior to the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS and other parity preferred shares as to liquidation and junior to any senior securities representing debt.
Voting Rights
Except as otherwise stated in this prospectus, specified in the Fund's Governing Documents or resolved by the Board of Trustees or as otherwise required by applicable law, holders of the Series D Preferred and/or the
57
ARS shall be entitled to one vote per share held on each matter submitted to a vote of the shareholders of the Fund and will vote together with holders of common shares and any other preferred shares then outstanding as a single class.
In connection with the election of the Fund's trustees, holders of the outstanding Series D Preferred, ARS and the other series of preferred shares, voting together as a single class, will be entitled at all times to elect two of the Fund's trustees, and the remaining trustees will be elected by holders of common shares and holders of the Series D Preferred, ARS and other series of preferred shares, voting together as a single class. In addition, if (i) at any time distributions on the outstanding Series D Preferred, ARS and/or any other preferred shares are unmade in an amount equal to at least two full years of distributions thereon and sufficient cash or specified securities have not been deposited with the applicable paying agent for the payment of such accumulated distributions or (ii) at any time holders of any other series of preferred shares are entitled to elect a majority of the trustees of the Fund under the 1940 Act or the Statements of Preferences creating such shares, then the number of trustees constituting the Board of Trustees will be increased such that, when added to the two trustees elected exclusively by the holders of the Series D Preferred, ARS and other series of preferred shares as described above, would then constitute a simple majority of the Board of Trustees as so adjusted. Such additional trustees will be elected by the holders of the Series D Preferred, ARS and the other series of preferred shares, voting together as a single class, at a special meeting of shareholders which will be called as soon as practicable and will be held not less than 10 nor more than 20 days after the mailing date of the meeting notice. If the Fund fails to send such meeting notice or to call such a special meeting, the meeting may be called by any preferred shareholder on like notice. The terms of office of the persons who are trustees at the time of that election will continue. If the Fund thereafter makes or declares and sets apart for distribution in full such unmade distributions for all outstanding preferred shares for all past dividend periods or the holders of other series of preferred shares are no longer entitled to elect such additional trustees, the additional voting rights of the holders of the preferred shares as described above will cease, and the terms of office of all of the additional trustees elected by the holders of the preferred shares (but not of the trustees with respect to whose election the holders of common shares are entitled to vote or the two trustees the holders of preferred shares have the right to elect as a separate class in any event) will terminate.
In the event the Fund issues senior securities representing debt, preferred shareholders may not be able to exercise certain of their special voting rights under certain circumstances when they would otherwise be entitled to do so. Under the 1940 Act, the holders of senior securities representing debt are entitled to special voting rights under certain circumstances and these special voting rights would take precedence over the special voting rights of the preferred shares. Specifically, under the 1940 Act the terms of any senior securities representing debt that is not privately placed must provide either (i) for an event of default to be deemed to have occurred with respect to such senior debt in the event the issuer has had asset coverage of less than 100% for 24 consecutive months or (ii) for the senior debt holders to be entitled to elect a majority of the issuer's board in the event such senior debt has had asset coverage of less than 100% for 12 consecutive calendar months, with such voting right to continue until the senior debt has had asset coverage of 110% or more for three consecutive calendar months.
In the event the Fund were to issue senior securities representing debt with the special voting rights described in (ii) above, it is possible that preferred shareholders would not be entitled to exercise their right to elect a majority of the board despite all predicate events for such rights having occurred.
So long as shares of Series D Preferred or ARS are outstanding, the Fund will not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the preferred shares outstanding at the time (including the Series D Preferred or ARS, as applicable) and present and voting on such matter, voting separately as one class, amend, alter or repeal the provisions of the Fund's Governing Documents, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, so as to materially adversely affect in the aggregate the contract rights expressly set forth in the Governing Documents with respect to such preferred shares. Also, to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, in the event preferred shares of more than one series are outstanding, the Fund will not approve any of the actions set forth in the preceding sentence which materially adversely affect the contract rights expressly set forth in the Governing Documents with respect to such shares of a series of preferred shares (such as the Series D Preferred or ARS) differently than those of a holder of any other series of preferred shares without the affirmative
58
vote of the holders of at least a majority of the preferred shares of each series materially adversely affected and outstanding at such time (each such adversely affected series voting separately as a class to the extent its rights are affected differently). The Fund's issuance of senior securities representing debt or additional preferred shares will not be deemed to materially adversely effect the contract rights of any series of preferred shares.
Under the Governing Documents, and applicable provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act or the 1940 Act, the affirmative vote of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding preferred shares (including the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS), voting together as a single class, will be required to approve any plan of reorganization adversely affecting the preferred shares. The approval of 75% of all classes voting together and a majority (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of each class, voting separately, of the Fund's outstanding voting shares must approve the conversion of the Fund from a closed-end to an open-end investment company. The approval of a majority (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund's outstanding preferred shares and a majority (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund's outstanding voting securities are required to approve any action requiring a vote of security holders under Section 13(a) of the 1940 Act, including, among other things, changes in the Fund's investment objective or changes in the investment restrictions described as fundamental policies under "Investment Objective and Policies" in this prospectus and "Investment Restrictions" in the SAI.
The calculation of the elements and definitions of certain terms of the rating agency guidelines may be modified by action of the Board of Trustees without further action by the shareholders if the Board of Trustees determines that such modification is necessary to prevent a reduction in rating of the preferred shares by Moody's and S&P (or any other rating agency then rating the Series D Preferred or the ARS at the request of the Fund), as the case may be, or is in the best interests of the holders of common shares and is not adverse to the holders of preferred shares in view of advice to the Fund by the relevant rating agencies that such modification would not adversely affect its then-current rating of the preferred shares.
The foregoing voting provisions will not apply to any Series D Preferred or ARS if, at or prior to the time when the act with respect to which such vote otherwise would be required will be effected, such shares have been redeemed or called for redemption and sufficient cash or cash equivalents provided to the applicable paying agent to effect such redemption. The holders of Series D Preferred and/or ARS will have no preemptive rights or rights to cumulative voting.
Limitation on Issuance of Preferred Shares
So long as the Fund has preferred shares outstanding, subject to receipt of approval from the rating agencies of each series of preferred shares outstanding, and subject to compliance with the Fund's investment objective, policies and restrictions, the Fund may issue and sell shares of one or more other series of preferred shares or senior debt, provided that the Fund will, immediately after giving effect to the issuance of such additional preferred shares or senior debt and to its receipt and application of the proceeds thereof (including, without limitation, to the redemption of preferred shares to be redeemed out of such proceeds) have an "asset coverage" for all senior debt outstanding of at least 300% and an "asset coverage" for senior securities of the Fund which are stock and debt, as defined in the 1940 Act, of at least 200% of the sum of the liquidation preference of the preferred shares of the Fund then outstanding and all indebtedness of the Fund constituting senior securities and no such additional preferred shares will have any preference or priority over any other preferred shares of the Fund upon the distribution of the assets of the Fund or in respect of the payment of dividends or distributions. Any issued senior securities representing debt, however, may have certain voting preferences and dividend or distribution and liquidation priority over any preferred shares outstanding.
The Fund anticipates that, depending on interest rates and available investment opportunities, it will offer additional preferred shares or senior securities representing indebtedness. However, the Fund will monitor market conditions, including, among other things, interest rates and the asset levels of the Fund, and will consider from time to time whether to offer additional preferred shares or securities representing indebtedness and may issue
59
such additional securities if the Board of Trustees concludes that such an offering would be consistent with the Fund's Governing Documents and applicable law and in the best interest of existing common shareholders.
Repurchase of the Series D Preferred and the Series E Auction Rate Preferred
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company and, as such, holders of the Series D Preferred or ARS do not and will not have the right to require the Fund to repurchase their shares. The Fund, however, may repurchase Series D Preferred or, outside of an auction, ARS when it is deemed advisable by the Board of Trustees in compliance with the requirements of the 1940 Act and regulations thereunder and other applicable requirements. Unlike a redemption of the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS, where shareholders are subject to the redemption terms, in a repurchase offer the Fund is purchasing shares on an exchange (with respect to the Series D Preferred only) or otherwise (through private transactions or tender offers ) soliciting repurchases, and shareholders may choose whether or not to sell. The Fund will not repurchase ARS at auction. See "The Auction of Series E Auction Rate Preferred."
This prospectus will serve as notice that the Fund may from time to time purchase Series D Preferred when such shares are trading below the $25 per share liquidation preference.
Book-Entry
Shares of Series D Preferred will initially be held in the name of Cede & Co. as nominee for DTC. The Fund will treat Cede & Co. as the holder of record of the Series D Preferred for all purposes. In accordance with the procedures of DTC, however, purchasers of Series D Preferred will be deemed the beneficial owners of shares purchased for purposes of dividends and distributions, voting and liquidation rights. Purchasers of Series D Preferred may obtain registered certificates by contacting the Transfer Agent.
Shares of ARS will initially be held by the auction agent as custodian for Cede & Co., in whose name the shares of ARS shall be registered. The Fund will treat Cede & Co. as the holder of record of the ARS for all purposes.
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THE AUCTION OF SERIES E AUCTION RATE PREFERRED
Summary of Auction Procedures
The following is a brief summary of the auction procedures for the ARS, which are described in more detail in the SAI. These auction procedures are complicated, and there are exceptions to these procedures. Many of the terms in this section have a special meaning. Accordingly, this description does not purport to be complete and is qualified, in its entirety, by reference to the Fund's Governing Documents, including the provisions of the Series E Statement of Preferences.
The auctions determine the dividend rate for the ARS, but each dividend rate will not be higher than the maximum rate. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Distributions on the Series E Auction Rate Preferred." If you own shares of ARS, you may instruct your broker-dealer to enter one of three kinds of orders in the auction with respect to your shares: sell, bid and hold.
If you enter a sell order, you indicate that you want to sell ARS at $25,000 per share, no matter what the next dividend period's rate will be.
If you enter a bid order, which must specify a dividend rate, you indicate that you want to purchase or hold the indicated number of ARS at $25,000 per share if the dividend rate for the ARS for the next dividend period is not less than the rate specified on the bid. A bid order will be deemed an irrevocable offer to sell ARS only if the next dividend period's rate is less than the rate you specify.
If you enter a hold order you indicate that you want to continue to own ARS, no matter what the next dividend period's rate will be.
You may enter different types of orders for different portions of your ARS. You may also enter an order to buy additional ARS. All orders must be for whole shares. All orders you submit are irrevocable after the submission deadline. There is a fixed number of ARS, and the dividend rate likely will vary from auction to auction depending on the number of bidders, the number of shares the bidders seek to buy, the rating of the ARS and general economic conditions including current interest rates. If you own ARS and submit a bid for them higher than the then-maximum rate, your bid will be treated as a sell order. If you do not enter an order, the broker-dealer will assume that you want to continue to hold ARS, but if you fail to submit an order and the dividend period is longer than 28 days, the broker-dealer will treat your failure to submit a bid as a sell order.
If you do not then own ARS, or want to buy more shares, you may instruct a broker-dealer to enter a bid order to buy shares in an auction at $25,000 per share at or above the dividend rate you specify. If your bid for shares you do not own specifies a rate higher than the then-maximum rate, your bid will not be considered.
Broker-dealers will submit orders from existing and potential holders of ARS to the auction agent. Neither the Fund nor the auction agent will be responsible for a broker-dealer's failure to submit orders from existing or potential holders of ARS. A broker-dealer's failure to submit orders for ARS held by it or its customers will be treated in the same manner as a holder's failure to submit an order to the broker-dealer. A broker-dealer may submit orders to the auction agent for its own account provided that the broker-dealer is not an affiliate of the Fund. If a broker-dealer submits an order for its own account in any auction, it may have knowledge of orders placed though it in that auction and therefore have an advantage over other bidders, but such broker-dealer would not have knowledge of orders submitted by other broker-dealers in that auction. As a result of bidding by the broker-dealer in an auction, the auction rate may be higher or lower than the rate that would have prevailed had the broker-dealer not bid. The Fund may not submit an order in any auction.
The auction agent after each auction for ARS will pay to each broker-dealer, from funds provided by the Fund, a service charge equal to, in the case of any auction immediately preceding a dividend period of less than 365 days, the product of (i) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in such dividend period and the denominator of which is 360, times (ii) 1/4 of 1%, times (iii) $25,000, times (iv) the aggregate number of ARS placed by such broker-dealer at such auction. In the case of any auction immediately preceding a dividend period of one year or longer, the service charge shall be determined by mutual consent of the Fund and any such broker-
61
dealer and shall be based upon a selling concession that would be applicable to an underwriting of fixed or variable rate preferred shares with a similar final maturity or variable rate dividend period, respectively, at the commencement of the dividend period with respect to such action. A broker-dealer may share a portion of any such fees with non-participating broker-dealers that submit orders to the broker-dealer for an auction that are placed by that broker-dealer in such auction.
There are sufficient clearing bids for ARS in an auction if the number of ARS subject to bid orders by broker-dealers for potential holders with a dividend rate equal to or lower than the then-maximum rate is at least equal to the number of ARS subject to sell orders and the number of ARS subject to bids specifying rates higher than the then-maximum rate for the ARS submitted or deemed submitted to the auction agent by broker-dealers for existing holders, then the dividend rate for the next dividend period will be the lowest rate submitted which, taking into account that rate and all lower rate bids submitted from existing and potential holders, would result in existing and potential holders owning all the ARS available for purchase in the auction.
If there are not sufficient clearing bids for ARS, then the auction is considered to be a failed auction, and the dividend rate will be the maximum rate. If the Fund has declared a special dividend period and there are not sufficient clearing bids, then the special dividend rate will not be effective and the dividend rate for the next period will be the same as during the current rate period. In that event, existing holders that have submitted sell orders (or are treated as having submitted sell orders) may not be able to sell any or all of the ARS for which they submitted sell orders.
The auction agent will not consider a bid above the then-maximum rate. The purpose of the maximum rate is to place an upper limit on distributions with respect to the ARS and in so doing to help protect the earnings available to make distributions on common shares, and to serve as the dividend rate in the event of a failed auction (that is, an auction where there are more ARS offered for sale than there are buyers for those shares).
If broker-dealers submit or are deemed to submit hold orders for all outstanding ARS, the auction is considered an "all hold" auction and the dividend rate for the next dividend period will be the "all hold rate," which is 90% of the reference rate, as determined in accordance with procedures set forth in the Series E Statement of Preferences. This rate may be less than the rate that would have been determined if an auction had occurred. See "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Distributions on the Series E Auction Rate Preferred - Maximum Rate."
A broker-dealer may bid in an auction for ARS in order to prevent what would otherwise be (i) a failed auction, (ii) an "all-hold" auction, or (iii) a dividend rate that the broker-dealer believes, in its sole discretion, does not reflect the market for the ARS at the time of the auction. A broker-dealer may, but is not obligated to, advise owners of that series of the ARS that the dividend rate that would apply in an "all-hold" auction may be lower than would apply if owners of the ARS submit bids, and such advice, if given, may facilitate the submission of bids by such owners that would avoid the occurrence of an "all-hold" auction.
The auction procedures include a pro rata allocation of ARS for purchase and sale. This allocation process may result in an existing holder holding or selling, or a potential holder buying, fewer shares than the number of ARS in its order. If this happens, broker-dealers will be required to make appropriate pro rata allocations among their respective customers.
Settlement of purchases and sales will be made on the next business day (which also is a dividend payment date) after the auction date through DTC. Purchasers will pay for their ARS through broker-dealers in same-day funds to DTC against delivery to the broker-dealers. DTC will make payment to the sellers' broker-dealers in accordance with its normal procedures, which require broker-dealers to make payment against delivery in same-day funds. As used in this prospectus, a business day is a day on which the NYSE is open for trading, and which is not a Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which banks in New York City are authorized or obligated by law to close.
The first auction of ARS will be held on the business day preceding the dividend payment date for the initial dividend period of the ARS. Thereafter, except during special dividend periods, auctions for the ARS normally
62
will be held every Wednesday (or the next preceding business day if Wednesday is a holiday), and each subsequent dividend period for the ARS normally will begin on the following Thursday.
If an auction is not held because an unforeseen event or unforeseen events cause a day that otherwise would have been an auction date not to be a business day, then the length of the then-current dividend period will be extended by seven days (or a multiple thereof if necessary because of such unforeseen event or events), the applicable rate for such period will be the applicable rate for the then-current dividend period so extended and the dividend payment date for such dividend period will be the first business day immediately succeeding the end of such period.
The following is a simplified example of how a typical auction works. Assume that the Fund has 1,000 outstanding ARS and three current holders. The three current holders and three potential holders submit orders through broker-dealers at the auction:
Current Holder A |
Owns 500 shares, wants to sell all 500 shares if auction rate is less than 3.1% |
Bid order at 3.1% rate for all 500 shares |
|||||||||
Current Holder B | Owns 300 shares, wants to hold | Hold order will take the auction rate | |||||||||
Current Holder C |
Owns 200 shares, wants to sell all 200 shares if auction rate is less than 2.9% |
Bid order at 2.9% rate for all 200 shares |
|||||||||
Potential Holder D | Wants to buy 200 shares | Places order to buy at or above 3.0% | |||||||||
Potential Holder E | Wants to buy 300 shares | Places order to buy at or above 2.9% | |||||||||
Potential Holder F | Wants to buy 200 shares | Places order to buy at or above 3.1% | |||||||||
The lowest dividend rate that will result in all 1,000 ARS continuing to be held is 3.0% (the offer by D). Therefore, the dividend rate will be 3.0%. Current holders B and C will continue to own their shares. Current holder A will sell its shares because A's dividend rate bid was higher than the dividend rate. Potential holder D will buy 200 shares and potential holder E will buy 300 shares because their bid rates were at or below the dividend rate. Potential holder F will not buy any shares because its bid rate was above the dividend rate.
Secondary Market Trading and Transfer of Series E Auction Rate Preferred
The underwriters are not required to make a market in the ARS. The broker-dealers (including the underwriters) may maintain a secondary trading market for ARS outside of auctions, but they are not required to do so. There can be no assurance that a secondary trading market for the ARS will develop or, if it does develop, that it will provide owners with liquidity of investment. The ARS will not be registered on any stock exchange or on the NASDAQ market. Investors who purchase ARS in an auction for a special dividend period should note that because the dividend rate on such shares will be fixed for the length of that dividend period, the value of such shares may fluctuate in response to the changes in interest rates, and may be more or less than their original cost if sold on the open market in advance of the next auction thereof, depending on market conditions. In addition, a broker-dealer may, in its own discretion, decide to sell ARS in the secondary market to investors at any time and at any price, including at prices equivalent to, below or above the par value of the ARS.
You may sell, transfer, or otherwise dispose of the ARS only in whole shares and only pursuant to a bid or sell order placed with the auction agent in accordance with the auction procedures, to the Fund or its affiliates or to or through a broker-dealer that has been selected by the Fund or to such other persons as may be permitted by the Fund. However, if you hold your ARS in the name of a broker-dealer, a sale or transfer of your ARS to that broker-dealer, or to another customer of that broker-dealer, will not be considered a sale or transfer for purposes of the foregoing if the shares remain in the name of the broker-dealer immediately after your transaction. In addition, in the case of all transfers other than through an auction, the broker-dealer (or other person, if the Fund permits) receiving the transfer must advise the auction agent of the transfer.
Further description of the auction procedures can be found in the SAI.
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK AND OTHER SECURITIES
Common Shares
The Fund is a statutory trust organized under the laws of Delaware pursuant to a Certificate of Trust dated as of August 20, 2003. The Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share, in multiple classes and series thereof as determined from time to time by the Board of Trustees. The Board of Trustees of the Fund has authorized the issuance of an unlimited number of shares of two classes, the common shares and preferred shares. Each share within a particular class or series thereof has equal voting, dividend, distribution and liquidation rights. Common shares are not redeemable and have no preemptive, conversion or cumulative voting rights.
The common shares are listed and traded on the NYSE under the symbol "GDV." The average weekly trading volume of the common shares on the NYSE for the period commencing January 1, 2004 and ending December 31, 2004 was 918,700 shares. The average weekly trading volume of the common shares on the NYSE for the period commencing January 1, 2005 and ending September 30, 2005 was 964,377 shares. The Fund's common shares have traded in the market at both a premium to and a discount from net asset value.
The Fund is authorized, subject to maintaining required asset coverage on its preferred shares, to repurchase its common shares in the open market when the common shares are trading at a discount of 7.5% or more (or such other percentage as the Fund's Board of Trustees may determine from time to time) from net asset value.
Shareholders whose common shares are registered in their own name will automatically have all distributions reinvested pursuant to the Automatic Dividend Reinvestment and Voluntary Cash Purchase Plan unless they specifically elect to opt out of the plan. For a more detailed discussion of the Fund's reinvestment plan, see "Automatic Dividend Reinvestment and Voluntary Cash Purchase Plan" in the SAI.
Preferred Shares
Currently, an unlimited amount of the Fund's shares have been classified by the Board of Trustees as preferred shares, par value $0.001 per share. The terms of such preferred shares may be fixed by the Board of Trustees and would materially limit and/or qualify the rights of the holders of the Fund's common shares. As of September 30, 2005, the Fund had outstanding 3,200,000 5.875% Series A Preferred, 4,000 Series B Auction Market Preferred Shares and 4,800 Series C Auction Market Preferred Shares, which, along with the Series D Preferred and/or ARS being issued in connection with this prospectus, are senior securities of the Fund. The Series A Preferred are rated "Aaa" by Moody's and both the Series B Auction Market Preferred and Series C Auction Market Preferred are rated "Aaa" by Moody's and "AAA" by S&P and each is ranked on a parity with the Series D Preferred and ARS as to dividend, distribution and liquidation preference.
Distributions on the Series A Preferred accumulate at an annual rate of 5.875% of the liquidation preference of $25 per share, are cumulative from the date of original issuance thereof and are payable quarterly on March 26, June 26, September 26, and December 26 of each year. The Fund is required to meet similar asset coverage requirements with respect to the Series A Preferred as are described in this prospectus for the Series D Preferred. The Fund's outstanding Series A Preferred is redeemable at the option of the Fund beginning October 12, 2009. The Series A Preferred are listed and traded on the NYSE under the symbol "GDV Pr A".
Distributions on the Series B Auction Market Preferred and Series C Auction Market Preferred accumulate at the rate set at auction. The Fund is required to meet similar asset coverage requirements with respect to the Series B Auction Market Preferred and Series C Auction Market Preferred as are described in this prospectus for the ARS. The liquidation preference of both the Series B Auction Market Preferred and Series C Auction Market Preferred is $25,000. The Fund generally may redeem the outstanding Series B Auction Market Preferred and Series C Auction Market Preferred, in whole or in part, at any time other than during a non-call period. Neither the Series B Auction Market Preferred or Series C Auction Market Preferred is trading on any exchange.
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The following table provides information about the Fund's outstanding shares as of September 30, 2005.
Title of Class | Amount Authorized | Amount Outstanding* | |||||||||
Common Shares | Unlimited | 84,697,505 | |||||||||
Preferred Shares | |||||||||||
Series A Preferred (liquidation preference $25 per share) | Unlimited | 3,200,000 | |||||||||
Series B Auction Market Preferred (liquidation preference $25,000 per share) |
Unlimited | 4,000 | |||||||||
Series C Auction Market Preferred (liquidation preference $25,000 per share) |
Unlimited | 4,800 |
* Does not include the Series D Preferred or ARS being offered pursuant to this prospectus.
For a description of the terms and limitations of the Series D Preferred and ARS, with respect to liquidation rights, dividends and distributions, the rights of holders of the Fund's preferred shares to receive distributions, and selection of trustees to the Fund's Board of Trustees, see "Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred."
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TAXATION
The following discussion is a brief summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders. The discussion reflects applicable tax laws of the United States as of the date of this prospectus, which tax laws may be changed or subject to new interpretations by the courts or the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") retroactively or prospectively. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax concerns affecting the Fund and its shareholders (including shareholders owning large positions in the Fund), and the discussion set forth herein does not constitute tax advice. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers to determine the tax consequences to them of investing in the Fund.
Taxation of the Fund
The Fund has elected to be treated and has qualified as, and intends to continue to qualify as, a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Accordingly, the Fund must, among other things, (i) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from (a) dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest), payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gain from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and (b) net income derived from interests in certain publicly traded partnerships that are treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and that derive less than 90% of their gross income from the items described in (a) above (each a "Qualified Publicly Traded Partnership"); and (ii) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year (a) at least 50% of the value of the Fund's total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Fund's total assets is invested in the securities of (I) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies), (II) any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or businesses or (III) any one or more Qualified Publicly Traded Partnerships.
As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that it distributes each taxable year to shareholders, if it distributes at least 90% of the sum of the Fund's (i) investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses and other taxable income other than any net capital gain (as defined below) reduced by deductible expenses) determined without regard to the deduction for dividends and distributions paid and (ii) its net tax-exempt interest (the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest over certain disallowed deductions). The Fund intends to distribute at least annually substantially all of such income.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax at the Fund level. To avoid the tax, the Fund must distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year, (ii) 98% of its capital gains in excess of its capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for a one-year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made to use the Fund's fiscal year), and (iii) certain undistributed amounts from previous years on which the Fund paid no U.S. federal income tax. While the Fund intends to distribute any income and capital gains in the manner necessary to minimize imposition of the 4% excise tax, there can be no assurance that sufficient amounts of the Fund's taxable income and capital gains will be distributed to avoid entirely the imposition of the tax. In that event, the Fund will be liable for the tax only on the amount by which it does not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.
If for any taxable year the Fund does not qualify as a regulated investment company, all of its taxable income (including its net capital gain) will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders.
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Taxation of Shareholders
Based in part on a lack of present intention on the part of the Fund to voluntarily redeem the ARS at any time in the future and the Fund's inability to voluntarily redeem the Series D Preferred until November 3 , 2010, the Fund intends to take the position that under present law both the Series D Preferred and the ARS will constitute equity, rather than debt of the Fund for Federal income tax purposes. It is possible, however, that the Internal Revenue Service (the "IRS") could take a contrary position asserting, for example, that the Series D Preferred and the ARS constitute debt of the Fund. The Fund believes this position, if asserted, would be unlikely to prevail. If that position were upheld, distributions on the Series D Preferred and the ARS would be considered interest, taxable as ordinary income regardless of the taxable income of the Fund. The following discussion assumes the Series D Preferred and the ARS are treated as equity.
Distributions paid to you by the Fund from its investment company taxable income which includes the excess of net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses (together referred to hereinafter as "ordinary income dividends") are generally taxable to you as ordinary income to the extent of the Fund's earnings and profits. Such distributions (if designated by the Fund) may, however, qualify (provided holding periods and other requirements are met) (i) for the dividends received deduction in the case of corporate shareholders to the extent that the Fund's income consists of dividend income from U.S. corporations, and (ii) under the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (effective for taxable years after December 31, 2002 through December 31, 2008) ("2003 Tax Act"), as qualified dividend income eligible for the reduced maximum Federal rate to individuals of generally 15% (currently 5% for individuals in lower tax brackets) to the extent that the Fund receives qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations (e.g., generally, foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a qualified comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or whose stock with respect to which such dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States). Distributions made to you from an excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses ("capital gain dividends"), including capital gain dividends credited to you but retained by the Fund, are taxable to you as long-term capital gains if they have been properly designated by the Fund, regardless of the length of time you have owned Fund shares. Under the 2003 Tax Act, the maximum Federal tax rate on net long-term capital gain of individuals is reduced generally from 20% to 15% (currently 5% for individuals in lower brackets) for such gain realized on or after May 6, 2003 and before January 1, 2009. Distributions in excess of the Fund's earnings and profits will first reduce the adjusted tax basis of your shares and, after such adjusted tax basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gains to you (assuming the shares are held as a capital asset). Generally, not later than 60 days after the close of its taxable year, the Fund will provide you with a written notice designating the amount of any qualified dividend income or capital gain dividends and other distributions.
The sale or other disposition of shares of the Fund will generally result in capital gain or loss to you, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year at the time of sale. Any loss upon the sale or exchange of Fund shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received (including amounts credited as an undistributed capital gain dividend) by you. A loss realized on a sale or exchange of shares of the Fund will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares are acquired (whether through the automatic reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date that the shares are disposed of. In such case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Present law taxes both long-term and short-term capital gains of corporations at the rates applicable to ordinary income.
If the Fund pays you a dividend or makes a distribution in January that was declared in the previous October, November or December to shareholders of record on a specified date in one of such months, then such dividend or distribution will be treated for tax purposes as being paid by the Fund and received by you on December 31 of the year in which the dividend or distribution was declared.
The Fund is required in certain circumstances to backup withhold on taxable dividends or distributions and certain other payments paid to non-corporate holders of the Fund's shares who do not furnish the Fund with their
67
correct taxpayer identification number (in the case of individuals, their social security number) and certain certifications, or who are otherwise subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld from payments made to you may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the provisions of the Code and the Treasury regulations in effect as they directly govern the taxation of the Fund and its shareholders. These provisions are subject to change by legislative or administrative action, and any such change may be retroactive. A more complete discussion of the tax rules applicable to the Fund and its shareholders can be found in the Statement of Additional Information that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisers regarding specific questions as to U.S. federal, foreign, state, local income or other taxes.
68
ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS OF THE FUND'S GOVERNING DOCUMENTS
The Fund presently has provisions in its Agreement and Declaration of Trust and By-Laws (together, its "Governing Documents") which could have the effect of limiting, in each case:
the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of the Fund;
the Fund's freedom to engage in certain transactions; or
the ability of the Fund's trustees or shareholders to amend the Governing Documents or effectuate changes in the Fund's management.
These provisions of the Governing Documents of the Fund may be regarded as "anti-takeover" provisions. The Board of Trustees of the Fund is divided into three classes, each having a term of no more than three years (except, to ensure that the term of a class of the Fund's trustees expires each year, one class of the Fund's trustees will serve an initial one-year term and three-year terms thereafter and another class of its trustees will serve an initial two-year term and three-year terms thereafter). Each year the term of one class of trustees will expire. Accordingly, only those trustees in one class may be changed in any one year, and it would require a minimum of two years to change a majority of the Board of Trustees. Such system of electing trustees may have the effect of maintaining the continuity of management and, thus, make it more difficult for the shareholders of the Fund to change the majority of trustees. See "Management of the Fund - Trustees and Officers" in the SAI. A trustee of the Fund may be removed with cause by a majority of the remaining trustees and, without cause, by two-thirds of the remaining trustees or by two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast for the election of such trustees.
In addition, the affirmative vote of the holders of 75% of the outstanding voting shares (in addition to any required class votes) applies to mergers into or a sale of all or substantially all of the Fund's assets, liquidation, conversion of the Fund into an open-end fund or interval fund and amendments to several provisions of the Declaration of Trust, including the foregoing provisions. In addition, 80% of the holders of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund voting as a class is generally required in order to authorize any of the following transactions:
merger or consolidation of the Fund with or into any other entity;
issuance of any securities of the Fund to any person or entity for cash, other than pursuant to the dividend and reinvestment plan or any offering if such person or entity acquires no greater percentage of the securities offered than the percentage beneficially owned by such person or entity immediately prior to such offering or, in the case of a class or series not then beneficially owned by such person or entity, the percentage of common shares beneficially owned by such person or entity immediately prior to such offering;
sale, lease or exchange of all or any substantial part of the assets of the Fund to any entity or person (except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than $5,000,000);
sale, lease or exchange to the Fund, in exchange for securities of the Fund, of any assets of any entity or person (except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than $5,000,000); or
the purchase of the Fund's common shares by the Fund from any person or entity other than pursuant to a tender offer equally available to other shareholders in which such person or entity tenders no greater percentage of common shares than are tendered by all other shareholders;
if such person or entity is directly, or indirectly through affiliates, the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. However, such vote would not be required when, under certain conditions, the Board of Trustees approves the transaction. In addition, shareholders have no authority to adopt, amend or repeal By-Laws. The trustees have authority to adopt, amend and repeal By-Laws consistent with the Declaration of Trust (including to require approval by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares for the election of trustees). Reference is made to the Governing Documents of the Fund, on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, for the full text of these provisions.
69
The provisions of the Governing Documents described above could have the effect of depriving the owners of shares in the Fund of opportunities to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices, by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control of the Fund in a tender offer or similar transaction. The overall effect of these provisions is to render more difficult the accomplishment of a merger or the assumption of control by a principal shareholder.
The Governing Documents of the Fund are on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. For the full text of these provisions see the SAI.
CUSTODIAN, TRANSFER AGENT, AUCTION AGENT AND DIVIDEND-DISBURSING AGENT
State Street Bank and Trust Company (the "Custodian"), 1776 Heritage Drive, North Quincy, Massachusetts 02171, serves as the custodian of the Fund's assets pursuant to a custody agreement. Under the custody agreement, the Custodian holds the Fund's assets in compliance with the 1940 Act. For its services, the Custodian receives a monthly fee based upon, among other things, the average value of the total assets of the Fund, plus certain charges for securities transactions.
Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc., 250 Royall Street, Canton, Massachusetts 02021, serves as the Fund's dividend disbursing agent, as agent under the Fund's automatic dividend reinvestment and voluntary cash purchase plan and as transfer agent and registrar for the common shares of the Fund.
Computershare serves as the Fund's transfer agent, registrar, dividend paying agent and redemption agent with respect to the Series A Preferred.
The Bank of New York, located at 100 Church Street, New York, New York 10286 serves as the Fund's auction agent, transfer agent, registrar, dividend paying agent and redemption agent with respect to the Auction Market Preferred.
Series D Preferred. Computershare will also serve as the Fund's transfer agent, registrar, dividend paying agent and redemption agent with respect to the Series D Preferred.
Series E Auction Rate Preferred. The Bank of New York will also serve as the Fund's auction agent, transfer agent, registrar, dividend paying agent and redemption agent with respect to the ARS.
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UNDERWRITING
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated are acting as joint book-running managers of the offering and, together with A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. and Gabelli & Company, Inc., are acting as representatives of the underwriters named below.
Subject to the terms and conditions stated in the underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, each underwriter named below has agreed to purchase, and the Fund has agreed to sell to that underwriter, the number of preferred shares set forth opposite the underwriter's name.
Underwriter |
Number of Series D Preferred |
Number of Series E Auction Rate Preferred |
|||||||||
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. | 1,020,500 | 2,025 | |||||||||
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated |
1,020,500 | 2,025 | |||||||||
A.G. Edwards & Sons, Inc. | 234,000 | 540 | |||||||||
Gabelli & Company, Inc. | 234,000 | 540 | |||||||||
Bear, Stearns & Co. Inc. | 13,000 | - | |||||||||
H&R Block Financial Advisors, Inc. | 13,000 | - | |||||||||
Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated | 13,000 | - | |||||||||
Lehman Brothers Inc. | 13,000 | - | |||||||||
Oppenheimer & Co. Inc. | 13,000 | 270 | |||||||||
Raymond James & Associates, Inc. | 13,000 | - | |||||||||
RBC Dain Rauscher Inc. | 13,000 | - | |||||||||
Total | 2,600,000 | 5,400 |
The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the shares included in this offering are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to purchase all of the Series D Preferred and the ARS, as applicable, if they purchase any such shares.
The following table shows the sales load that the Fund will pay to the underwriters in connection with this offering.
Paid by the Fund | |||||||||||
Series D Preferred |
Series E Auction Rate Preferred |
||||||||||
Per Share | $ | 0.7875 | $ | 250.00 | |||||||
Total | $ | 2,047,500 | $ | 1,350,000 |
Offering of the Series D Preferred
The underwriters propose to initially offer some of the Series D Preferred directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and some of the Series D Preferred to certain dealers at the public offering price less a concession not in excess of $0.50 per share. The sales load that the Fund will pay of $0.7875 per share is equal to 3.15% of the initial offering price. The underwriters may allow, and the dealers may reallow, a discount not in excess of $0.45 per Series D Preferred share on sales to other dealers. After the initial offering, the public offering price and concession may be changed. Investors must pay for any Series D Preferred purchased in the initial public offering on or before November 3, 2005.
Prior to the offering, there has been no public market for the Series D Preferred. The Series D Preferred have been approved for listing on the NYSE and it is anticipated that trading of the Series D Preferred on the NYSE
71
will commence within 30 days from the date of this prospectus. During such 30-day period, the underwriters intend to make a market in the Series D Preferred; however, they have no obligation to do so. Consequently, an investment in the Series D Preferred may be illiquid during such period.
Offering of the Series E Auction Rate Preferred
The underwriters propose to initially offer some of the ARS directly to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and some of the ARS to certain dealers at the public offering price less a concession not in excess of $137.50 per share. The sales load the Fund will pay of $250.00 per share is equal to 1% of the initial offering price. After the initial offering, the public offering price and concession may be changed. Investors must pay for any ARS purchased in this offering on or before November 3, 2005.
Offering of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred
In connection with this offering, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, on behalf of the underwriters, may purchase and sell ARS in the open market. These transactions may include syndicate covering transactions and stabilizing transactions. Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of the ARS in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. Stabilizing transactions consist of certain bids or purchases of notes made for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the notes while the offering is in progress.
The underwriters also may impose a penalty bid. Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when Citigroup Global Markets Inc. or Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated repurchases Series D Preferred shares or ARS originally sold by that syndicate member in order to cover syndicate short positions or make stabilizing purchases.
Any of these activities may have the effect of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of Series D Preferred or ARS. They may also cause the price of Series D Preferred to be higher than the price that would otherwise exist in the open market in the absence of these transactions. The underwriters may conduct these transactions on the New York Stock Exchange in the case of the Series D Preferred or in the over-the-counter market, or otherwise. If the underwriters commence any of these transactions, they may discontinue them at any time.
We estimate that total expenses for this offering (excluding underwriting discounts) will be $475,000.
We expect to deliver the securities against payment for the securities on the fourth business day following pricing of the securities, or "T+4". Under Rule 15c6-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, trades in the secondary market generally are required to settle in three business days, unless the parties to a trade expressly agree otherwise. Accordingly, purchasers who wish to trade the securities prior to the delivery of the securities hereunder will be required, by virtue of the fact that the securities initially will settle in T+4, to specify alternative settlement arrangements to prevent a failed settlement.
Certain of the underwriters have advised the Fund that they and various other broker-dealers and other firms that participate in the auction rate securities market received letters from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission in the spring of 2004. The letters requested that each of these firms voluntarily conduct an investigation regarding its respective practices and procedures in that market. Pursuant to these requests, each of the underwriters conducted its own voluntary review and reported its findings to the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission. At the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission's request, these underwriters are engaging in discussions with the Securities and Exchange Commission concerning its inquiry. Neither the underwriters nor the Fund can predict the ultimate outcome of the inquiry or how that outcome will affect the market for the auction rate securities or the auctions.
The Fund anticipates that, from time to time, certain underwriters may act as brokers or dealers in connection with the Fund's execution of the Fund's portfolio transactions after they have ceased to be underwriters and, subject to certain restrictions, may act as brokers while they are underwriters.
72
Certain underwriters have performed investment banking and advisory services for the Fund and the Investment Adviser from time to time, for which they have received customary fees and expenses. The underwriters and their affiliates may from time to time engage in transactions with, and perform services for, the Fund and the Investment Adviser in the ordinary course of their business.
Gabelli & Company, Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Gabelli Securities, Inc., which is a majority-owned subsidiary of the parent company of the Investment Adviser, which is, in turn, indirectly majority-owned by Mario J. Gabelli. As a result of these relationships, Mr. Gabelli, the Fund's Chairman and Chief Investment Officer, may be deemed to be a "controlling person" of Gabelli & Company, Inc.
In the underwriting agreement, the Fund and the Investment Adviser have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make for any of those liabilities.
A prospectus in electronic format may be available on the websites maintained by one or more of the underwriters. The representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares of Series D Preferred or ARS to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. The representatives will allocate shares of Series D Preferred or ARS to underwriters that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations. In addition, Series D Preferred or ARS may be sold by the underwriters to securities dealers who resell Series D Preferred or ARS, as the case may be, to online brokerage account holders.
The principal business address of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. is 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10013. The principal business address of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated is 4 World Financial Center, New York, New York 10080.
73
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters will be passed on by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, New York, New York, counsel to the Fund in connection with the offering of the Series D Preferred and/or ARS, and by Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP, New York, New York, counsel to the underwriters.
EXPERTS
The audited financial statements of the Fund as of December 31, 2004, have been incorporated by reference into the SAI in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of that firm as experts in accounting and auditing. The report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is incorporated by reference into the SAI. PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is located at 300 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10017.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Fund is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the 1940 Act and in accordance therewith files reports and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Reports, proxy statements and other information filed by the Fund with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the 1940 Act can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a web site at http://www.sec.gov containing reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding registrants, including the Fund, that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The Fund's common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "GDV." Reports, proxy statements and other information concerning the Fund and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by the Fund will be available for inspection at the New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005, as the case may be.
This prospectus constitutes part of a Registration Statement filed by the Fund with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933 and the 1940 Act. This prospectus omits certain of the information contained in the Registration Statement, and reference is hereby made to the Registration Statement and related exhibits for further information with respect to the Fund and the preferred shares offered hereby. Any statements contained herein concerning the provisions of any document are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or otherwise filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Each such statement is qualified in its entirety by such reference. The complete Registration Statement may be obtained from the Securities and Exchange Commission upon payment of the fee prescribed by its rules and regulations or free of charge through the Security and Exchange Commission's web site (http://www.sec.gov).
PRIVACY PRINCIPLES OF THE FUND
The Fund is committed to maintaining the privacy of its shareholders and to safeguarding their non-public personal information. The following information is provided to help you understand what personal information the Fund collects, how the Fund protects that information and why, in certain cases, the Fund may share information with select other parties.
Generally, the Fund does not receive any non-public personal information relating to its shareholders, although certain non-public personal information of its shareholders may become available to the Fund. The Fund
74
does not disclose any non-public personal information about its shareholders or former shareholders to anyone, except as permitted by law or as is necessary in order to service shareholder accounts (for example, to a transfer agent or third party administrator).
The Fund restricts access to non-public personal information about its shareholders to employees of the Fund's Investment Adviser and its affiliates with a legitimate business need for the information. The Fund maintains physical, electronic and procedural safeguards designed to protect the non-public personal information of its shareholders.
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements, which involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements of the Fund to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such factors include, among others, those listed under "Risk Factors and Special Considerations" and elsewhere in this prospectus. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, no assurance can be given as to the future results, levels of activity or achievements, and neither the Fund nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of such statements.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page | |||||||
The Fund | 1 | ||||||
Investment Objective and Policies | 1 | ||||||
Investment Restrictions | 8 | ||||||
Management of the Fund | 9 | ||||||
Portfolio Transactions | 18 | ||||||
Portfolio Turnover | 18 | ||||||
Taxation | 20 | ||||||
Automatic Dividend Reinvestment and Voluntary Cash Purchase Plan | 25 | ||||||
Additional Information Concerning Auctions for the Series E Auction Rate Preferred | 26 | ||||||
Additional Information Concerning the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred | 33 | ||||||
Moody's and S&P Guidelines | 38 | ||||||
Net Asset Value | 52 | ||||||
Beneficial Owners | 53 | ||||||
General Information | 54 | ||||||
Financial Statements | 56 | ||||||
Glossary | 57 |
No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations in connection with this offering other than those contained in this prospectus in connection with the offer contained herein, and, if given or made, such other information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Fund, the Investment Adviser or the underwriters. Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale made hereunder will, under any circumstances, create any implication that there has been no change in the affairs of the Fund since the date hereof or that the information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to its date. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the securities to which it relates. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy such securities in any circumstance in which such an offer or solicitation is unlawful.
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APPENDIX A
CORPORATE BOND RATINGS
MOODY'S INVESTORS SERVICE, INC.
Aaa Bonds that are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt edge." Interest payments are protected by a large or exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa Bonds that are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present that make the long-term risk appear somewhat larger than in Aaa Securities.
A Bonds that are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present that suggest a susceptibility to impairment some time in the future.
Baa Bonds that are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present, but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba Bonds that are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B Bonds that are rated B generally lack characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small. Moody's applies numerical modifiers (1, 2, and 3) with respect to the bonds rated Aa through B. The modifier 1 indicates that the company ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the company ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
Caa Bonds that are rated Caa are of poor standing. These issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca Bonds that are rated Ca represent obligations that are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C Bonds that are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
A-1
STANDARD & POOR'S RATINGS SERVICES
AAA This is the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation and indicates an extremely strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal.
AA Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from AAA issues only in small degree.
A Principal and interest payments on bonds in this category are regarded as safe. Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although they are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB This is the lowest investment grade. Debt rated BBB has an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
Speculative Grade
Debt rated BB, CCC, CC, and C are regarded, on balance, as predominantly speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB indicates the lowest degree of speculation, and C the highest degree of speculation. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions. Debt rated C 1 is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid and debt rated D is in payment default.
In July 1994, S&P initiated an "r" symbol to its ratings. The "r" symbol is attached to derivatives, hybrids and certain other obligations that S&P believes may experience high variability in expected returns due to noncredit risks created by the terms of the obligations.
AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major categories.
"NR" indicates that no public rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that S&P does not rate a particular type of obligation as a matter of policy.
A-2
The Gabelli Dividend & Income Trust
2,600,000 Shares, 6.00% Series D Cumulative Preferred Shares
(Liquidation Preference $25 per Share)
5,400 Shares, Series E Auction Rate Preferred Shares
(Liquidation Preference $25,000 per Share)
PROSPECTUS
October 28, 2005
Citigroup
Merrill Lynch & Co.
A.G. Edwards
Gabelli & Company, Inc.
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
THE INFORMATION IN THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. THE FUND MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IT IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY STATE WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.
The Gabelli Dividend & Income Trust (the Fund) is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that seeks to provide a high level of total return on its assets with an emphasis on dividends and income. The Fund will attempt to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its assets in dividend paying or other income producing securities. In addition, under normal market conditions, at least 50% of its assets will consist of dividend paying equity securities.
This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus, but should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus for the Fund dated October 28, 2005 (the Prospectus). Investors should obtain and read the Prospectus prior to purchasing shares. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge, by calling the Fund at 800-GABELLI (800-422-3554) or (914) 921-5070. This SAI incorporates by reference the entire Prospectus.
The Prospectus and this SAI omit certain of the information contained in the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC), Washington, D.C. The registration statement may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the fee prescribed, or inspected at the SECs office or via its website (www.sec.gov) at no charge.
This Statement of Additional Information is dated October 28, 2005.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
|
|
Page |
|
|
|
THE FUND |
|
1 |
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES |
|
1 |
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS |
|
8 |
MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND |
|
9 |
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS |
|
18 |
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER |
|
18 |
TAXATION |
|
20 |
AUTOMATIC DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT AND VOLUNTARY CASH PURCHASE PLAN |
|
25 |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING AUCTIONS FOR THE SERIES E Auction Rate Preferred |
|
26 |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING THE SERIES D PREFERRED AND SERIES E Auction Rate Preferred |
|
33 |
MOODYS AND S&P GUIDELINES |
|
38 |
NET ASSET VALUE |
|
52 |
BENEFICIAL OWNERS |
|
53 |
GENERAL INFORMATION |
|
54 |
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
|
56 |
GLOSSARY |
|
57 |
No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations in connection with this offering other than those contained in this prospectus in connection with the offer contained herein, and, if given or made, such other information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Fund, the Investment Adviser or the underwriters. Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor any sale made hereunder will, under any circumstances, create any implication that there has been no change in the affairs of the Fund since the date hereof or that the information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to its date. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the securities to which it relates. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy such securities in any circumstance in which such an offer or solicitation is unlawful.
The Prospectus and this SAI omit certain information contained in the registration statement filed with the SEC, Washington D.C. The registration statement may be obtained from the SEC upon payment of the fee prescribed, or inspected at the SECs office at no charge. This Statement of Additional Information is dated October 28, 2005.
THE FUND
The Gabelli Dividend & Income Trust is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware. The Funds investment operations commenced on November 28, 2003. The Funds common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol GDV. The Funds Series A Preferred Shares are traded on the NYSE under the symbol GDV Pr A.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
Investment Objective
The objective of the Fund is to provide a high level of total return on its assets with an emphasis on dividends and income. No assurance can be given that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The Fund will attempt to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its assets in dividend paying or other income producing securities. In addition, under normal market conditions, at least 50% of the Funds assets will consist of dividend paying equity securities. In making stock selections, the Funds Investment Adviser (as hereinafter defined) looks for securities that have a superior yield, and capital gains potential.
Additional Investment Policies
Options. The Fund may purchase or sell, i.e., write, options on securities, securities indices and foreign currencies which are listed on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter (OTC) market, as a means of achieving additional return or of hedging the value of the Funds portfolio. The Fund may purchase call or put options as long as the aggregate initial margins and premiums, measured at the time of such investment, do not exceed 10% of the fair market value of the Funds total assets.
A call option is a contract that gives the holder of the option the right to buy from the writer of the call option, in return for a premium, the security or currency underlying the option at a specified exercise price at any time during the term of the option. The writer of the call option has the obligation, upon exercise of the option, to deliver the underlying security or currency upon payment of the exercise price during the option period.
A put option is a contract that gives the holder of the option the right, in return for a premium, to sell to the seller the underlying security at a specified price. The seller of the put option has the obligation to buy the underlying security upon exercise at the exercise price.
A call option is covered if the Fund owns the underlying instrument covered by the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that instrument without additional cash consideration (or for additional cash consideration held in a segregated account by its custodian) upon conversion or exchange of other instruments held in its portfolio. A call option is also covered if the Fund holds a call on the same instrument as the call written where the exercise price of the call held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written or (ii) greater than the exercise price of the call written if the difference is maintained by the Fund in cash, U.S. government securities or other high-grade short-term obligations in a segregated account with its custodian. A put option is covered if the Fund maintains cash or other high grade short-term obligations with a value equal to the exercise price in a segregated account with its custodian, or else holds a put on the same instrument as the put written where the exercise price of the put held is equal to or greater than the exercise price of the put written.
If the Fund has written an option, it may terminate its obligation by effecting a closing purchase transaction. This is accomplished by purchasing an option of the same series as the option previously written. However, once the Fund has been assigned an exercise notice, the Fund will be unable to effect a closing purchase transaction. Similarly, if the Fund is the holder of an option it may liquidate its position by effecting a closing sale transaction. This is accomplished by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased. There can be no assurance that either a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund so desires.
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The Fund will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is less than the premium received from writing the option or is more than the premium paid to purchase the option; the Fund will realize a loss from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is more than the premium received from writing the option or is less than the premium paid to purchase the option. Since call option prices generally reflect increases in the price of the underlying security, any loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option may also be wholly or partially offset by unrealized appreciation of the underlying security. Other principal factors affecting the market value of a put or a call option include supply and demand, interest rates, the current market price and price volatility of the underlying security and the time remaining until the expiration date. Gains and losses on investments in options depend, in part, on the ability of Gabelli Funds, LLC (the Investment Advisor) to predict correctly the effect of these factors. The use of options cannot serve as a complete hedge since the price movement of securities underlying the options will not necessarily follow the price movements of the portfolio securities subject to the hedge.
An option position may be closed out only on an exchange which provides a secondary market for an option of the same series or in a private transaction. Although the Fund will generally purchase or write only those options for which there appears to be an active secondary market, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or otherwise will exist for any particular option. In such event it might not be possible to effect closing transactions in particular options, so that the Fund would have to exercise its options in order to realize any profit and would incur brokerage commissions upon the exercise of call options and upon the subsequent disposition of underlying securities for the exercise of put options. If the Fund, as a covered call option writer, is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction in a secondary market, it will not be able to sell the underlying security until the option expires or it delivers the underlying security upon exercise or otherwise covers the position.
Options on Securities Indices. The Fund may purchase and sell securities index options. One effect of such transactions may be to hedge all or part of the Funds securities holdings against a general decline in the securities market or a segment of the securities market. Options on securities indices are similar to options on stocks except that, rather than the right to take or make delivery of stock at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of the securities index upon which the option is based is greater than, in the case of a call, or less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option.
The Funds successful use of options on indices depends upon its ability to predict the direction of the market and is subject to various additional risks. The correlation between movements in the index and the price of the securities being hedged against is imperfect and the risk from imperfect correlation increases as the composition of the Fund diverges from the composition of the relevant index. Accordingly, a decrease in the value of the securities being hedged against may not be wholly offset by a gain on the exercise or sale of a securities index put option held by the Fund.
Options on Foreign Currencies. Instead of purchasing or selling currency futures (as described below), the Fund may attempt to accomplish similar objectives by purchasing put or call options on currencies or by writing put options or call options on currencies either on exchanges or in OTC markets. A put option gives the Fund the right to sell a currency at the exercise price until the option expires. A call option gives the Fund the right to purchase a currency at the exercise price until the option expires. Both types of options serve to insure against adverse currency price movements in the underlying portfolio assets designated in a given currency. The Funds use of options on currencies will be subject to the same limitations as its use of options on securities, described above and in the Prospectus. Currency options may be subject to position limits which may limit the ability of the Fund to fully hedge its positions by purchasing the options.
As in the case of interest rate futures contracts and options thereon, described below, the Fund may hedge against the risk of a decrease or increase in the U.S. dollar value of a foreign currency denominated debt security which the Fund owns or intends to acquire by purchasing or selling options contracts, futures contracts or options thereon with respect to a foreign currency other than the foreign currency in which such debt security is denominated, where the values of such different currencies (vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar) historically have a high degree of positive correlation.
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Futures Contracts and Options on Futures. The Fund may, without limit, enter into futures contracts or options on futures contracts. It is anticipated that these investments, if any, will be made by the Fund primarily for the purpose of hedging against changes in the value of its portfolio securities and in the value of securities it intends to purchase. Such investments will only be made if they are economically appropriate to the reduction of risks involved in the management of the Fund. In this regard, the Fund may enter into futures contracts or options on futures for the purchase or sale of securities indices or other financial instruments including but not limited to U.S. government securities.
A sale of a futures contract (or a short futures position) means the assumption of a contractual obligation to deliver the securities underlying the contract at a specified price at a specified future time. A purchase of a futures contract (or a long futures position) means the assumption of a contractual obligation to acquire the securities underlying the contract at a specified price at a specified future time. Certain futures contracts, including stock and bond index futures, are settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the securities underlying the futures contracts.
No consideration will be paid or received by the Fund upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, the Fund will be required to deposit with the broker an amount of cash or cash equivalents equal to approximately 1% to 10% of the contract amount (this amount is subject to change by the exchange or board of trade on which the contract is traded and brokers or members of such board of trade may charge a higher amount). This amount is known as the initial margin and is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract. Subsequent payments, known as variation margin, to and from the broker will be made daily as the price of the index or security underlying the futures contract fluctuates. At any time prior to the expiration of the futures contract, the Fund may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, which will operate to terminate its existing position in the contract.
An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price at any time prior to the expiration of the option. Upon exercise of an option, the delivery of the futures position by the writer of the option to the holder of the option will be accompanied by delivery of the accumulated balance in the writers futures margin account attributable to that contract, which represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract exceeds, in the case of a call, or is less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option on the futures contract. The potential loss related to the purchase of an option on futures contracts is limited to the premium paid for the option (plus transaction costs). Because the value of the option purchased is fixed at the point of sale, there are no daily cash payments by the purchaser to reflect changes in the value of the underlying contract; however, the value of the option does change daily and that change would be reflected in the net assets of the Fund.
Futures and options on futures entail certain risks, including but not limited to the following: no assurance that futures contracts or options on futures can be offset at favorable prices, possible reduction of the yield of the Fund due to the use of hedging, possible reduction in value of both the securities hedged and the hedging instrument, possible lack of liquidity due to daily limits on price fluctuations, imperfect correlation between the contracts and the securities being hedged, losses from investing in futures transactions that are potentially unlimited and the segregation requirements described below.
In the event the Fund sells a put option or enters into long futures contracts, under current interpretations of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), an amount of cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities equal to the market value of the contract must be deposited and maintained in a segregated account with the custodian of the Fund to collateralize the positions, in order for the Fund to avoid being treated as having issued a senior security in the amount of its obligations. For short positions in futures contracts and sales of call options, the Fund may establish a segregated account (not with a futures commission merchant or broker) with cash, U.S. government securities or other high grade debt securities that, when added to amounts deposited with a futures commission merchant or a broker as margin, equal the market value of the instruments or currency underlying the futures contracts or call options, respectively (but are no less than the stock price of the call option or the market price at which the short positions were established).
Interest Rate Futures Contracts and Options Thereon. The Fund may purchase or sell interest rate futures contracts to take advantage of or to protect the Fund against fluctuations in interest rates affecting the value
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of debt securities which the Fund holds or intends to acquire. For example, if interest rates are expected to increase, the Fund might sell futures contracts on debt securities, the values of which historically have a high degree of positive correlation to the values of the Funds portfolio securities. Such a sale would have an effect similar to selling an equivalent value of the Funds portfolio securities. If interest rates increase, the value of the Funds portfolio securities will decline, but the value of the futures contracts to the Fund will increase at approximately an equivalent rate thereby keeping the net asset value of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have. The Fund could accomplish similar results by selling debt securities with longer maturities and investing in debt securities with shorter maturities when interest rates are expected to increase. However, since the futures market may be more liquid than the cash market, the use of futures contracts as a risk management technique allows the Fund to maintain a defensive position without having to sell its portfolio securities.
Similarly, the Fund may purchase interest rate futures contracts when it is expected that interest rates may decline. The purchase of futures contracts for this purpose constitutes a hedge against increases in the price of debt securities (caused by declining interest rates) which the Fund intends to acquire. Since fluctuations in the value of appropriately selected futures contracts should approximate that of the debt securities that will be purchased, the Fund can take advantage of the anticipated rise in the cost of the debt securities without actually buying them. Subsequently, the Fund can make its intended purchase of the debt securities in the cash market and currently liquidate its futures position. To the extent the Fund enters into futures contracts for this purpose, it will maintain in a segregated asset account with the Funds custodian, assets sufficient to cover the Funds obligations with respect to such futures contracts, which will consist of cash or other liquid securities from its portfolio in an amount equal to the difference between the fluctuating market value of such futures contracts and the aggregate value of the initial margin deposited by the Fund with its custodian with respect to such futures contracts.
The purchase of a call option on a futures contract is similar in some respects to the purchase of a call option on an individual security. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to either the price of the futures contract upon which it is based or the price of the underlying debt securities, it may or may not be less risky than ownership of the futures contract or underlying debt securities. As with the purchase of futures contracts, when the Fund is not fully invested it may purchase a call option on a futures contract to hedge against a market advance due to declining interest rates.
The purchase of a put option on a futures contract is similar to the purchase of protective put options on portfolio securities. The Fund will purchase a put option on a futures contract to hedge the Funds portfolio against the risk of rising interest rates and consequent reduction in the value of portfolio securities.
The writing of a call option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against declining prices of the securities which are deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the option is below the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium which provides a partial hedge against any decline that may have occurred in the Funds portfolio holdings. The writing of a put option on a futures contract constitutes a partial hedge against increasing prices of the securities that are deliverable upon exercise of the futures contract. If the futures price at expiration of the option is higher than the exercise price, the Fund will retain the full amount of the option premium, which provides a partial hedge against any increase in the price of debt securities that the Fund intends to purchase. If a put or call option the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund will incur a loss which will be reduced by the amount of the premium it received. Depending on the degree of correlation between changes in the value of its portfolio securities and changes in the value of its futures positions, the Funds losses from options on futures it has written may to some extent be reduced or increased by changes in the value of its portfolio securities.
Currency Futures and Options Thereon. Generally, foreign currency futures contracts and options thereon are similar to the interest rate futures contracts and options thereon discussed previously. By entering into currency futures and options thereon, the Fund will seek to establish the rate at which it will be entitled to exchange U.S. dollars for another currency at a future time. By selling currency futures, the Fund will seek to establish the number of dollars it will receive at delivery for a certain amount of a foreign currency. In this way, whenever the Fund anticipates a decline in the value of a foreign currency against the U.S. dollar, the Fund can attempt to lock in the U.S. dollar value of some or all of the securities held in its portfolio that are denominated in that currency. By purchasing currency futures, the Fund can establish the number of dollars it will be required to pay for a specified amount of a foreign currency at a future time. Thus, if the Fund intends to buy securities in the future
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and expects the U.S. dollar to decline against the relevant foreign currency during the period before the purchase is effected, the Fund can attempt to lock in the price in U.S. dollars of the securities it intends to acquire.
The purchase of options on currency futures will allow the Fund, for the price of the premium and related transaction costs it must pay for the option, to decide whether or not to buy (in the case of a call option) or to sell (in the case of a put option) a futures contract at a specified price at any time during the period before the option expires. If the Investment Adviser, in purchasing an option, has been correct in its judgment concerning the direction in which the price of a foreign currency would move against the U.S. dollar, the Fund may exercise the option and thereby take a futures position to hedge against the risk it had correctly anticipated or close out the option position at a gain that will offset, to some extent, currency exchange losses otherwise suffered by the Fund. If exchange rates move in a way the Fund did not anticipate, however, the Fund will have incurred the expense of the option without obtaining the expected benefit; any such movement in exchange rates may also thereby reduce rather than enhance the Funds profits on its underlying securities transactions.
Securities Index Futures Contracts and Options Thereon. Purchases or sales of securities index futures contracts are used for hedging purposes to attempt to protect the Funds current or intended investments from broad fluctuations in stock or bond prices. For example, the Fund may sell securities index futures contracts in anticipation of or during a market decline to attempt to offset the decrease in market value of the Funds securities portfolio that might otherwise result. If such decline occurs, the loss in value of portfolio securities may be offset, in whole or part, by gains on the futures position. When the Fund is not fully invested in the securities market and anticipates a significant market advance, it may purchase securities index futures contracts in order to gain rapid market exposure that may, in part or entirely, offset increases in the cost of securities that the Fund intends to purchase. As such purchases are made, the corresponding positions in securities index futures contracts will be closed out. The Fund may write put and call options on securities index futures contracts for hedging purposes.
Forward Foreign Currency Exchange Contracts. The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts to protect the value of its portfolio against uncertainty in the level of future currency exchange rates between a particular foreign currency and the U.S. dollar or between foreign currencies in which its securities are or may be denominated. The Fund may enter into such contracts on a spot, i.e., cash, basis at the rate then prevailing in the currency exchange market or on a forward basis, by entering into a forward contract to purchase or sell currency. A forward contract on foreign currency is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days agreed upon by the parties from the date of the contract at a price set on the date of the contract. Forward currency contracts (i) are traded in a market conducted directly between currency traders (typically, commercial banks or other financial institutions) and their customers, (ii) generally have no deposit requirements and (iii) are typically consummated without payment of any commissions. The Fund, however, may enter into forward currency contracts requiring deposits or involving the payment of commissions. To assure that its forward currency contracts are not used to achieve investment leverage, the Fund will segregate liquid assets consisting of cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities with its custodian, or a designated sub-custodian, in an amount at all times equal to or exceeding its commitment with respect to the contracts.
The dealings of the Fund in forward foreign exchange are limited to hedging involving either specific transactions or portfolio positions. Transaction hedging is the purchase or sale of one forward foreign currency for another currency with respect to specific receivables or payables of the Fund accruing in connection with the purchase and sale of its portfolio securities or its payment of distributions. Position hedging is the purchase or sale of one forward foreign currency for another currency with respect to portfolio security positions denominated or quoted in the foreign currency to offset the effect of an anticipated substantial appreciation or depreciation, respectively, in the value of the currency relative to the U.S. dollar. In this situation, the Fund also may, for example, enter into a forward contract to sell or purchase a different foreign currency for a fixed U.S. dollar amount where it is believed that the U.S. dollar value of the currency to be sold or bought pursuant to the forward contract will fall or rise, as the case may be, whenever there is a decline or increase, respectively, in the U.S. dollar value of the currency in which its portfolio securities are denominated (this practice being referred to as a cross-hedge).
In hedging a specific transaction, the Fund may enter into a forward contract with respect to either the currency in which the transaction is denominated or another currency deemed appropriate by the Investment
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Adviser. The amount the Fund may invest in forward currency contracts is limited to the amount of its aggregate investments in foreign currencies.
The use of forward currency contracts may involve certain risks, including the failure of the counterparty to perform its obligations under the contract, and such use may not serve as a complete hedge because of an imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the contracts and the prices of the currencies hedged or used for cover. The Fund will only enter into forward currency contracts with parties which it believes to be creditworthy institutions.
Securities of Investment Companies. To the extent permitted by law, the Fund may invest in investment company securities, including preferred shares and the common equity of such companies. Investments in the common equity of investment companies will cause the Fund to bear a ratable share of any such investment companys expenses, including management fees. The Fund will also remain obligated to pay management fees to the Investment Adviser with respect to the assets invested in any securities of another investment company. In these circumstances, holders of the Funds common shares will be subject to duplicative investment expenses.
Warrants and Rights. The Fund may invest without limit in warrants or rights (including those acquired in units or attached to other securities) that entitle the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time but will do so only if such equity securities are deemed appropriate by the Investment Adviser for inclusion in the Funds portfolio.
Asset-Backed and Mortgage-Backed Securities. The Fund may invest in asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities represents ownership of an undivided interest in a pool of mortgages. Aggregate principal and interest payments received from the pool are used to pay principal and interest on a mortgage-backed security. Asset-backed securities are similar to mortgage-backed securities except they represent ownership in a pool of notes or receivables on assets other than real estate, such as loans, leases, credit card receivables or royalties. The Fund does not currently anticipate investments in mortgage or asset-backed securities constituting a substantial part of its investment portfolio.
Loans of Portfolio Securities. Consistent with applicable regulatory requirements and the Funds investment restrictions, the Fund may lend its portfolio securities to securities broker-dealers or financial institutions, provided that such loans are callable at any time by the Fund (subject to notice provisions described below), and are at all times secured by cash or cash equivalents, which are maintained in a segregated account pursuant to applicable regulations and that are at least equal to the market value, determined daily, of the loaned securities. The advantage of such loans is that the Fund continues to receive the income on the loaned securities while at the same time earns interest on the cash amounts deposited as collateral, which will be invested in short-term obligations. The Fund will not lend its portfolio securities if such loans are not permitted by the laws or regulations of any state in which its shares are qualified for sale. The Funds loans of portfolio securities will be collateralized in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements.
A loan may generally be terminated by the borrower on one business day notice, or by the Fund on five business days notice. If the borrower fails to deliver the loaned securities within five days after receipt of notice, the Fund could use the collateral to replace the securities while holding the borrower liable for any excess of replacement cost over collateral. As with any extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery and in some cases even loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the securities violate the terms of the loan or fail financially. However, these loans of portfolio securities will only be made to firms deemed by the Funds management to be creditworthy and when the income which can be earned from such loans justifies the attendant risks. The Board of Trustees will oversee the creditworthiness of the contracting parties on an ongoing basis. Upon termination of the loan, the borrower is required to return the securities to the Fund. Any gain or loss in the market price during the loan period would inure to the Fund. The risks associated with loans of portfolio securities are substantially similar to those associated with repurchase agreements. Thus, if the counter party to the loan petitions for bankruptcy or becomes subject to the United States Bankruptcy Code, the law regarding the rights of the Fund is unsettled. As a result, under extreme circumstances, there may be a restriction on the Funds ability to sell the collateral and the Fund would suffer a loss. When voting or consent rights which accompany loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund will follow the policy of calling the loaned securities, to be delivered within one day after notice, to permit the exercise of such rights if the matters involved would have a material effect on the Funds
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investment in such loaned securities. The Fund will pay reasonable finders, administrative and custodial fees in connection with a loan of its securities.
Additional Risks Relating to Derivative Investments
Special Risk Considerations Relating to Futures and Options Thereon. The Funds ability to establish and close out positions in futures contracts and options thereon will be subject to the development and maintenance of liquid markets. Although the Fund generally will purchase or sell only those futures contracts and options thereon for which there appears to be a liquid market, there is no assurance that a liquid market on an exchange will exist for any particular futures contract or option thereon at any particular time. In the event no liquid market exists for a particular futures contract or option thereon in which the Fund maintains a position, it will not be possible to effect a closing transaction in that contract or to do so at a satisfactory price and the Fund would have to either make or take delivery under the futures contract or, in the case of a written option, wait to sell the underlying securities until the option expires or is exercised or, in the case of a purchased option, exercise the option. In the case of a futures contract or an option thereon which the Fund has written and which the Fund is unable to close, the Fund would be required to maintain margin deposits on the futures contract or option thereon and to make variation margin payments until the contract is closed.
Successful use of futures contracts and options thereon and forward contracts by the Fund is subject to the ability of the Investment Adviser to predict correctly movements in the direction of interest and foreign currency rates. If the Investment Advisers expectations are not met, the Fund will be in a worse position than if a hedging strategy had not been pursued. For example, if the Fund has hedged against the possibility of an increase in interest rates that would adversely affect the price of securities in its portfolio and the price of such securities increases instead, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of its securities because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements, it may have to sell securities to meet the requirements. These sales may be, but will not necessarily be, at increased prices which reflect the rising market. The Fund may have to sell securities at a time when it is disadvantageous to do so.
Additional Risks of Foreign Options, Futures Contracts, Options on Futures Contracts and Forward Contracts. Options, futures contracts and options thereon and forward contracts on securities and currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States, may not involve a clearing mechanism and related guarantees, and are subject to the risk of governmental actions affecting trading in, or the prices of, foreign securities. The value of such positions also could be adversely affected by (i) other complex foreign political, legal and economic factors, (ii) lesser availability than in the United States of data on which to make trading decisions, (iii) delays in the Funds ability to act upon economic events occurring in the foreign markets during non-business hours in the United States, (iv) the imposition of different exercise and settlement terms and procedures and margin requirements than in the United States and (v) lesser trading volume.
Exchanges on which options, futures and options on futures are traded may impose limits on the positions that the Fund may take in certain circumstances.
Risks of Currency Transactions. Currency transactions are also subject to risks different from those of other portfolio transactions. Because currency control is of great importance to the issuing governments and influences economic planning and policy, purchases and sales of currency and related instruments can be adversely affected by government exchange controls, limitations or restrictions on repatriation of currency, and manipulation, or exchange restrictions imposed by governments. These forms of governmental action can result in losses to the Fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or monies in settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure and incurring transaction costs.
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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Fund operates under the following restrictions that constitute fundamental policies that, except as otherwise noted, cannot be changed without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund voting together as a single class. In the event the Fund were to issue any preferred shares, the approval of a majority of such shares (as defined under the 1940 Act) voting as a separate class would also be required. Except as otherwise noted, all percentage limitations set forth below apply immediately after a purchase or initial investment and any subsequent change in any applicable percentage resulting from market fluctuations does not require any action. The Fund may not:
(1) invest more than 25% of its total assets, taken at market value at the time of each investment, in the securities of issuers in any particular industry. This restriction does not apply to investments in U.S. government securities;
(2) purchase commodities or commodity contracts if such purchase would result in regulation of the Fund as a commodity pool operator;
(3) purchase or sell real estate, provided the Fund may invest in securities and other instruments secured by real estate or interests therein or issued by companies that invest in real estate or interests therein;
(4) make loans of money or other property, except that (i) the Fund may acquire debt obligations of any type (including through extensions of credit), enter into repurchase agreements and lend portfolio assets and (ii) the Fund may lend money or other property to other investment companies advised by the Investment Adviser pursuant to a common lending program to the extent permitted by applicable law;
(5) borrow money, except to the extent permitted by applicable law;
(6) issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by applicable law; or
(7) underwrite securities of other issuers, except insofar as the Fund may be deemed an underwriter under applicable law in selling portfolio securities; provided, however, this restriction shall not apply to securities of any investment company organized by the Fund that are to be distributed pro rata as a dividend to its shareholders.
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Trustees and Officers
Overall responsibility for management and supervision of the Fund rests with its Board of Trustees. The Board approves all significant agreements between the Fund and the companies that furnish the Fund with services, including agreements with the Investment Adviser, the Funds custodian and the Funds transfer agent. The day-to-day operations of the Fund are delegated to the Investment Adviser.
The names and business addresses of the trustees and principal officers of the Fund are set forth in the following table, together with their positions and their principal occupations during the past five years and, in the case of the trustees, their positions with certain other organizations and companies. Trustees who are interested persons of the Fund, as defined by the 1940 Act, are indicated by a .
Name (and Age), |
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Term of Office |
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Principal Occupation During |
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Number of |
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Other Directorships |
INTERESTED |
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Mario J. Gabelli (63)Trustee and Chief |
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Since 2003* |
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Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of GAMCO Investors, Inc.; Chief Investment Officer-Value Portfolios of Gabelli Funds, LLC and GAMCO Asset Management Inc.; Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lynch Interactive Corporation (multimedia and services). |
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24 |
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Director of Morgan Group Holdings, Inc. (holding company). |
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Karl Otto Pöhl (75) |
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Since 2003*** |
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Member of the Shareholder Committee of Sal. Oppenheim Jr. & Cie (Zurich) (private investment bank); Former President of the Deutsche Bundesbank and Chairman of its Central Bank Council (1980-1991). |
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35 |
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Director of GAMCO Investors, Inc.; Chairman of InCentive Capital AG and InCentive Asset Management AG (Zurich); Director of Sal Oppenheim Jr. & Cie (Zurich) (private investment bank). |
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Salvatore M. Salibello (60) |
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Since 2003*** |
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Certified Public Accountant and Managing Partner of the accounting firm Salibello & Broder LLP. |
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2 |
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__ |
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Edward T. Tokar (58) |
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Since 2003*** |
|
Senior Managing Director of Beacon Trust Company since 2004; Chief Executive Officer of Allied Capital Management LLC (1997-2004); Vice President-Investments of Honeywell International Inc. (1997-2004). |
|
1 |
|
Trustee of LEVCO Series Trust; Trustee of DB Hedge Strategies Fund LLC; Director of the Topiary Benefit Plan Investor Fund LLC. |
9
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anthony J. Colavita (69) |
|
Since 2003** |
|
Partner in the law firm of Anthony J. Colavita, P.C. |
|
37 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
James P. Conn (67) |
|
Since 2003*** |
|
Former Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer of Financial Security Assurance Holdings Ltd. (insurance holding company) (1992-1998). |
|
14 |
|
Director of LaQuinta Corp. (hotels) and First Republic Bank. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mario dUrso (65) |
|
Since 2003* |
|
Chairman of Mittel Capital Markets S.p.A since 2001; Senator in the Italian Parliament (1996-2001). |
|
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Frank J.
Fahrenkopf, Jr. (66) |
|
Since 2003** |
|
President and Chief Executive Officer of the American Gaming Association; Partner in the law firm of Hogan & Hartson; Co-Chairman of the Commission on Presidential Debates; Former Chairman of the Republican National Committee. |
|
5 |
|
Director of First Republic Bank. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Michael J. Melarkey (55) |
|
Since 2003* |
|
Partner in the law firm of Avansino, Melarkey, Knobel & Mulligan. |
|
3 |
|
Director of Southwest Gas Corporation (natural gas utility). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anthonie C. van Ekris (71) |
|
Since 2003** |
|
Chairman of BALMAC International, Inc. (commodities and futures trading). |
|
21 |
|
Director of Aurado Energy Inc. (oil and gas operations). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salvatore J. Zizza (59) |
|
Since 2003** |
|
Chairman of Hallmark Electrical Supplies Corp. |
|
25 |
|
Director of Hollis Eden Pharmaceuticals and Earl Scheib, Inc. (automotive services). |
Officers
Name (and Age), Position with
the |
|
Term of Office and |
|
Principal Occupation During Past Five |
Bruce N. Alpert (53) |
|
Since 2003 |
|
Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Gabelli Funds, LLC since 1988; Director and President of Gabelli Advisers, Inc. since 1998; Officer of all of the registered investment companies in the Gabelli fund complex. |
10
Carter W. Austin (38) |
|
Since 2003 |
|
Vice President of The Fund since 2003; Vice President of the Gabelli Equity Trust since 2000; Vice President of Gabelli Funds, LLC since 1996. |
|
|
|
|
|
Peter D. Goldstein (52) |
|
Since 2004 |
|
Director of Regulatory Affairs for GAMCO Investors, Inc. since 2004; Chief Compliance Officer of all the registered investment companies in the Gabelli fund complex; Vice President of Goldman Sachs Asset Management from 2000-2004; Deputy General Counsel of GAMCO Investors, Inc. from 1998-2000. |
|
|
|
|
|
James E. McKee (42) |
|
Since 2003 |
|
Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of GAMCO Investors, Inc. since 1999 and of GAMCO Asset Management Inc. since 1993; Secretary of all of the registered investment companies advised by Gabelli Advisers, Inc. and Gabelli Funds, LLC. |
|
|
|
|
|
Richard C. Sell, Jr. (55) |
|
Since 2003 |
|
Vice President and Controller of Gabelli & Company, Inc. since 1998. |
_____________________
Interested person of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. Mr. Mario Gabelli is an interested person of the Fund as a result of his employment as an officer of the Investment Adviser. Mr. Gabelli is also a registered representative of an affiliated broker-dealer. Mr. Pöhl is an interested person of the Fund as a result of his role as a director of the parent company of the Investment Adviser. Mr. Salibello may be considered an interested person of the Fund as a result of being a partner in an accounting firm that provides professional services to affiliates of the Investment Adviser. Mr. Tokar is an interested person of the Fund as a result of his sons employment by an affiliate of the Investment Adviser.
(1) Address: One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422, unless otherwise noted.
(2) The Funds Board of Trustees is divided into three classes, each class having a term of three years. Each year the term of office of one class expires and the successor or successors elected to such class serve for a three year term. The three year term for each class expires as follows:
* Term continues until the Funds 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.
** Term continues until the Funds 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.
*** Term continues until the Funds 2006 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualified.
The Board of Trustees of the Fund are divided into three classes, each class having a term of three years except as described below. Each year the term of office of one class of trustees of the Fund will expire. The terms of the Funds trustees are as follows: the terms of Messrs. Anthony J. Colavita, Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr., Anthonie C. van Ekris, and Salvatore J. Zizza as trustees of the Fund expired in 2005 and they were elected to three year terms expiring in 2008, the terms of Messrs. Mario J. Gabelli, Mario dUrso, and Michael J. Melarkey as trustees of the Fund expired in 2004 and they were elected to three year terms expiring in 2007; and the terms of Messrs. James P. Conn, Karl Otto Pöhl, Salvatore M. Salibello, and Edward T. Tokar as trustees of the Fund expire in 2006.
11
Name of Trustee |
|
Dollar Range of Equity |
|
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity |
|
|
|
|
|
INTERESTED TRUSTEES |
|
|
|
|
Mario J. Gabelli |
|
Over $100,000 |
|
Over $100,000 |
Karl Otto Pöhl |
|
None |
|
None |
Salvatore M. Salibello |
|
None |
|
Over $100,000 |
Edward T. Tokar |
|
None |
|
None |
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES |
|
|
|
|
Anthony J. Colavita |
|
$10,001 - $50,000 |
|
Over $100,000 |
James P. Conn |
|
$50,001 - $100,000 |
|
Over $100,000 |
Mario dUrso |
|
None |
|
None |
Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr. |
|
None |
|
$1 - $10,000 |
Michael J. Melarkey |
|
$1 - 10,000 |
|
Over $100,000 |
Anthonie C. van Ekris |
|
Over $100,000 |
|
Over $100,000 |
Salvatore J. Zizza |
|
$50,001 - $100,000 |
|
Over $100,000 |
All shares were valued as of December 31, 2004.
The Trustees serving on the Funds Nominating Committee are Messrs. Colavita (Chairman), Melarkey, and Zizza. The Nominating Committee is responsible for recommending qualified candidates to the Board in the event that a position is vacated or created. The Nominating Committee would consider recommendations by shareholders if a vacancy were to exist. Such recommendations should be forwarded to the Secretary of the Fund. The Nominating Committee met once during the year ended December 31, 2004. The Fund does not have a standing compensation committee.
Messrs. Zizza (Chairman), Fahrenkopf, and van Ekris, who are not interested persons of the Fund as defined in the 1940 Act, serve on the Funds Audit Committee. The Audit Committee is generally responsible for reviewing and evaluating issues related to the accounting and financial reporting policies and internal controls of the Fund and, as appropriate, the internal controls of certain service providers, overseeing the quality and objectivity of the Funds financial statements and the audit thereof and to act as a liaison between the Board of Trustees and the Funds Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The Audit Committee met twice during the year ended December 31, 2004.
The Trust also has a Proxy Voting Committee, which, if so determined by the Board of Trustees, is authorized to exercise voting power and/or dispositive power over specific securities held in the Funds portfolio for such period as the Board of Trustees may determine. The Trustees serving on the Proxy Voting Committee are Messrs. Conn, Tokar, and Zizza.
Remuneration of Trustees and Officers
The Fund pays each trustee who is not affiliated with the Investment Adviser or its affiliates a fee of $12,000 per year plus $1,500 per board meeting attended in person ($1,000 if attended telephonically) and $500 per committee meeting attended, together with each trustees actual out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings.
The following table shows certain compensation for the trustees for the Funds fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.
12
COMPENSATION TABLE
Name of Person and Position |
|
Aggregate Compensation |
|
Total Compensation From |
|
||
Mario J. Gabelli, Chief Investment Officer |
|
$ |
0 |
|
$ |
0 |
(24) |
Anthony J. Colavita |
|
|
22,500 |
|
|
216,835 |
(36) |
James P. Conn |
|
|
21,500 |
|
|
83,210 |
(13) |
Mario dUrso |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
25,085 |
(2) |
Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr. |
|
|
21,000 |
|
|
53,500 |
(4) |
Michael J. Melarkey |
|
|
20,500 |
|
|
25,585 |
(2) |
Karl Otto Pöhl |
|
|
0 |
|
|
5,085 |
(34) |
Salvatore M. Salibello |
|
|
20,000 |
|
|
25,085 |
(2) |
Edward T. Tokar |
|
|
21,500 |
|
|
21,500 |
(1) |
Anthonie C. van Ekris |
|
|
21,000 |
|
|
103,375 |
(20) |
Salvatore J. Zizza |
|
|
26,500 |
|
|
137,179 |
(24) |
Total |
|
$ |
194,500 |
|
$ |
696,439 |
|
* Represents the total compensation paid to such persons during the calendar year ended December 31, 2004 by investment companies (including the Fund) or portfolios thereof from which such person receives compensation that are considered part of the same fund complex as the Fund because they have common or affiliated investment advisers. The total does not include, among other things, out of pocket Trustee expenses. The number in parenthesis represents the number of such investment companies.
Indemnification of Officers and Trustees; Limitations on Liability
The Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Fund provides that the Fund will indemnify its trustees and officers and may indemnify its employees or agents against liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with litigation in which they may be involved because of their positions with the Fund to the fullest extent permitted by law. However, nothing in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Fund protects or indemnifies a trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Fund against any liability to which such person would otherwise be subject in the event of such persons willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her position of which an individual serves as a Director or Trustee.
Investment Advisory and Administrative Arrangements
Gabelli Funds, LLC acts as the Funds Investment Adviser pursuant to an advisory agreement with the Fund (the Advisory Agreement). The Investment Adviser is a New York corporation with principal offices located at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422. The Investment Adviser was organized in 1999 and is the successor to Gabelli Funds, Inc., which was organized in 1980. As of September 30, 2005, the Investment Adviser acted as registered investment adviser to 28 management investment companies with aggregate net assets of $13.6 billion. The Investment Adviser, together with other affiliated investment advisers noted below had assets under management totaling approximately $26.9 billion as of September 30, 2005. GAMCO Asset Management Inc., an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, acts as investment adviser for individuals, pension trusts, profit sharing trusts and endowments, and as a subadviser to management investment companies having aggregate assets of $13.1 billion under management as of September 30, 2005. Gabelli Fixed Income LLC, an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, acts as investment adviser for The Treasurers Funds (money market funds) and separate accounts having aggregate assets of approximately $200 million under management as of September 30, 2005. Gabelli Advisers, Inc., an affiliate of the Investment Adviser, acts as investment manager to the Westwood Funds having aggregate assets of approximately $400 million under management as of September 30, 2005.
Affiliates of the Investment Adviser may, in the ordinary course of their business, acquire for their own account or for the accounts of their advisory clients, significant (and possibly controlling) positions in the
13
securities of companies that may also be suitable for investment by the Fund. The securities in which the Fund might invest may thereby be limited to some extent. For instance, many companies in the past several years have adopted so-called poison pill or other defensive measures designed to discourage or prevent the completion of non-negotiated offers for control of the company. Such defensive measures may have the effect of limiting the shares of the company which might otherwise be acquired by the Fund if the affiliates of the Investment Adviser or their advisory accounts have or acquire a significant position in the same securities. However, the Investment Adviser does not believe that the investment activities of its affiliates will have a material adverse effect upon the Fund in seeking to achieve its investment objectives. Securities purchased or sold pursuant to contemporaneous orders entered on behalf of the investment company accounts of the Investment Adviser or the advisory accounts managed by its affiliates for their unaffiliated clients are allocated pursuant to principles believed to be fair and not disadvantageous to any such accounts. In addition, all such orders are accorded priority of execution over orders entered on behalf of accounts in which the Investment Adviser or its affiliates have a substantial pecuniary interest. The Investment Adviser may on occasion give advice or take action with respect to other clients that differs from the actions taken with respect to the Fund. The Fund may invest in the securities of companies which are investment management clients of GAMCO Asset Management Inc.. In addition, portfolio companies or their officers or directors may be minority shareholders of the Investment Adviser or its affiliates.
The Investment Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of GAMCO Investors, Inc., a New York corporation, whose Class A Common Stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol GBL. Mr. Mario J. Gabelli may be deemed a controlling person of the Investment Adviser on the basis of his ownership of a majority of the stock and voting power of GGCP, Inc., which owns a majority of the capital stock and voting power of GAMCO Investors, Inc.
Under the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Investment Adviser manages the portfolio of the Fund in accordance with its stated investment objective and policies, makes investment decisions for the Fund, places orders to purchase and sell securities on behalf of the Fund and manages its other business and affairs, all subject to the supervision and direction of the Funds Board of Trustees. In addition, under the Advisory Agreement, the Investment Adviser oversees the administration of all aspects of the Funds business and affairs and provides, or arranges for others to provide, at the Investment Advisers expense, certain enumerated services, including maintaining the Funds books and records, preparing reports to the Funds shareholders and supervising the calculation of the net asset value of its shares. All expenses of computing the net asset value of the Fund, including any equipment or services obtained solely for the purpose of pricing shares or valuing its investment portfolio, will be an expense of the Fund under its Advisory Agreement.
The Advisory Agreement combines investment advisory and administrative responsibilities in one agreement. For services rendered by the Investment Adviser on behalf of the Fund under the Advisory Agreement, the Fund pays the Investment Adviser a fee computed daily and paid monthly at the annual rate of 1.00% of the average weekly net assets of the Fund (which includes for this purpose assets attributable to outstanding preferred shares, if any, with no deduction for the liquidation preference of such preferred shares).
The Advisory Agreement provides that in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard for its obligations and duties thereunder, the Investment Adviser is not liable for any error or judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Fund. As part of the Advisory Agreement, the Fund has agreed that the name Gabelli is the Investment Advisers property, and that in the event the Investment Adviser ceases to act as an investment adviser to the Fund, the Fund will change its name to one not including Gabelli.
Pursuant to its terms, the Advisory Agreement will remain in effect with respect to the Fund until the second anniversary of sole shareholder approval of such Agreement, and from year to year thereafter if approved annually (i) by the Funds Board of Trustees or by the holders of a majority of its outstanding voting securities and (ii) by a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party to the Advisory Agreement, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval.
The Advisory Agreement was agreed to in principle by the Funds Board of Trustees at a telephonic meeting of the Board of Trustees held on October 23, 2003, including a majority of the trustees who are not parties to the agreement or interested persons of any such party (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act). The
14
1940 Act requires that the Advisory Agreement be approved by a majority of the Funds Board of Trustees, including a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons as that term is defined in the 1940 Act, at an in person meeting of the Board of Trustees. The non-interested members of the Board of Trustees subsequently met in person on November 19, 2003, at which time they and the entire Board approved the Advisory Agreement. In determining whether to approve the Advisory Agreement, the Funds non-interested trustees considered, among other factors, (i) the services to be provided to the Fund by the Investment Adviser and the sub-administrator (ii) the team of investment advisory personnel assigned to the Fund, (iii) the GAMCO organizations experience with closed-end funds, (iv) the investment objective and policies of the Fund, (v) the terms of the Advisory Agreement and the undertaking of the Investment Adviser in regard to advisory fees on leverage used by the Fund and (vi) the Funds anticipated fee and expense data (based in part on the terms of the Advisory Agreement) as compared to other closed-end funds managed by the Investment Adviser and a peer group of closed-end equity funds in various asset ranges. The non-interested Directors indicated that the primary factors in their determination to approve the Advisory Agreement were the experience of the Investment Adviser and the Funds portfolio management team, the comparability of the Funds fee structure and anticipated total expense ratio with the other funds reviewed and the undertaking of the Investment Adviser not to charge an advisory fee on leverage obtained through the issuance of preferred shares to the extent the Funds total return does not at least equal the cost of such shares.
The Advisory Agreement terminates automatically on its assignment and may be terminated without penalty on 60 days written notice at the option of either party thereto or by a vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Funds outstanding shares.
For the period ended December 31, 2003, the Investment Adviser earned $1,342,197 for advisory and administrative services rendered to the Fund from its commencement of operation on November 28, 2003. For the year ended December 31, 2004, the Investment Adviser earned $16,947,519 for advisory and administrative services rendered to the Fund.
Portfolio Manager Information
Other Accounts Managed
The information below lists the number of other accounts for which each portfolio manager was primarily responsible for the day-to-day management as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.
Name of |
|
Type of Accounts |
|
Total # of |
|
Total Assets |
|
# of Accounts |
|
Total Assets |
|
||
Mario J. Gabelli |
|
Registered Investment Companies: |
|
24 |
|
$ |
10,700,000,000 |
* |
6 |
|
$ |
4,300,000,000 |
* |
|
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
|
14 |
|
$ |
707,700,000 |
* |
14 |
|
$ |
707,700,000 |
* |
|
|
Other Accounts: |
|
1,747 |
|
$ |
9,900,000,000 |
|
3 |
|
$ |
1,200,000,000 |
|
Barbara G. Marcin |
|
Registered Investment Companies: |
|
3 |
|
$ |
57,900,000 |
* |
0 |
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
||
|
|
Other Accounts: |
|
22 |
|
$ |
102,500,000 |
|
0 |
|
0 |
|
* Represents the portion of assets for which the portfolio manager has primary responsibility in the accounts indicated. The accounts indicated may contain additional assets under the primary responsibility of other portfolio managers
15
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a portfolio manager for a fund also has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to one or more other funds or accounts. These potential conflicts include:
Allocation of Limited Time and Attention. A portfolio manager who is responsible for managing multiple funds or other accounts may devote unequal time and attention to the management of those funds or accounts. As a result, the portfolio manager may not be able to formulate as complete a strategy or identify equally attractive investment opportunities for each of those accounts as might be the case if he or she were to devote substantially more attention to the management of a single fund.
Allocation of Limited Investment Opportunities. If a portfolio manager identifies an investment opportunity that may be suitable for multiple funds or other accounts, a fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity because the opportunity may be allocated among several of these funds or accounts.
Pursuit of Differing Strategies. At times, a portfolio manager may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the funds or accounts for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the funds or accounts should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the portfolio manager may place separate transactions for one or more funds or accounts which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment of one or more other funds or accounts.
Selection of Broker/Dealers. Portfolio managers may be able to select or influence the selection of the brokers and dealers that are used to execute securities transactions for the funds or accounts that they supervise. In addition to providing execution of trades, some brokers and dealers provide portfolio managers with brokerage and research services which may result in the payment of higher brokerage fees than might otherwise be available. These services may be more beneficial to certain funds or accounts than to others. Although the payment of brokerage commissions is subject to the requirement that the portfolio manager determine in good faith that the commissions are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided to the fund, a portfolio managers decision as to the selection of brokers and dealers could yield disproportionate costs and benefits among the funds or other accounts that he or she manages. In addition, with respect to certain types of accounts (such as pooled investment vehicles and other accounts managed for organizations and individuals) the Investment Adviser may be limited by the client concerning the selection of brokers or may be instructed to direct trades to particular brokers. In these cases, the Investment Adviser or its affiliates may place separate, non-simultaneous transactions in the same security for a fund and another account that may temporarily affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment of the fund or the other accounts.
Variation in Compensation. A conflict of interest may arise where the financial or other benefits available to the portfolio manager differ among the funds or accounts that he or she manages. If the structure of the Investment Advisers management fee or the portfolio managers compensation differs among funds or accounts (such as where certain funds or accounts pay higher management fees or performance-based management fees), the portfolio manager may be motivated to favor certain funds or accounts over others. The portfolio manager also may be motivated to favor funds or accounts in which he or she has an investment interest, or in which the Investment Adviser or its affiliates have investment interests. Similarly, the desire to maintain assets under management or to enhance a portfolio managers performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the portfolio manager in affording preferential treatment to those funds or other accounts that could most significantly benefit the portfolio manager.
The Investment Adviser and the Fund have adopted compliance policies and procedures that are designed to address the various conflicts of interest that may arise for the Investment Adviser and its staff members. However, there is no guarantee that such policies and procedures will be able to detect and prevent every situation in which an actual or potential conflict may arise. In Ms. Marcins case, her compensation is not affected by changes in assets of the Fund.
16
Compensation Structure
Compensation Structure. Mr. Gabelli receives incentive-based variable compensation based on a percentage of net revenues received by Gabelli Funds for managing the Fund. Net revenues are determined by deducting from gross investment management fees the firms expenses (other than Mr. Gabellis compensation) allocable to the Fund. Additionally, he receives similar incentive-based variable compensation for managing other accounts within the firm. This method of compensation is based on the premise that superior long-term performance in managing a portfolio should be rewarded with higher compensation as a result of growth of assets through appreciation and net investment activity. One of the other registered investment companies managed by Mr. Gabelli has a performance (fulcrum) fee arrangement for which his compensation is adjusted up or down based on the performance of the investment company relative to an index. Five closed-end registered investment companies managed by Mr. Gabelli have arrangements whereby the Adviser will only receive its investment advisory fee attributable to the liquidation value of outstanding preferred stock (and Mr. Gabelli would only receive his percentage of such advisory fee) if certain performance levels are met. Mr. Gabelli manages other accounts with performance fees. Compensation for managing these accounts has two components. One component of the fee is based on a percentage of net revenues received by Gabelli Funds for managing the account. The second component is based on absolute performance of the account, which respect to which a percentage of such performance fee is paid to Mr. Gabelli. As an executive officer of Gabelli Funds parent company, GAMCO Investors, Inc., Mr. Gabelli also receives ten percent of the net operating profits of the parent company. Mr. Gabelli receives no base salary, no annual bonus and no stock options.
The compensation of the portfolio managers in the Gabelli organization is reviewed annually and structured to enable the Investment Adviser to attract and retain highly qualified professionals in a competitive environment. Ms. Marcin receives a compensation package that includes a minimum draw or base salary, equity-based incentive compensation via awards of stock options, and incentive based variable compensation based on a percentage of net revenues received by the Investment Adviser for managing the Fund to the extent that it exceeds a minimum level of compensation. Net revenues are determined by deducting from gross investment management fees certain of the firms expenses (other than Ms. Marcins compensation) allocable to such other accounts. This method of compensation is based on the premise that superior long-term performance in managing a portfolio will be rewarded through growth of assets through appreciation and cash flow. Equity-based incentive compensation is based on an evaluation by Gabelli Funds parent, GAMCO Investors, Inc., of quantitative and qualitative performance evaluation criteria. The Portfolio Managers also may receive discretionary bonuses based primarily on qualitative performance evaluation criteria.
Compensation for managing other accounts is based on a percentage of net revenues received by the Investment Adviser for managing the account.
Ownership of Shares in the Fund
As of December 31, 2004, Mario J. Gabelli was deemed to beneficially own $47,133,199.75 of equity securities of the Fund, which is a reflection of 2,625,805 common shares multiplied by the December 31, 2004 closing market price of $17.95, all of which constitute common shares owned by affiliates of the Investment Adviser for which Mr. Gabelli disclaims beneficial ownership. Barbara G. Marcin did not hold equity securities of the Fund.
17
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Subject to policies established by the Board of Trustees of the Fund, the Investment Adviser is responsible for placing purchase and sale orders and the allocation of brokerage on behalf of the Fund. Transactions in equity securities are in most cases effected on U.S. stock exchanges and involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. In general, there may be no stated commission in the case of securities traded in over-the-counter markets, but the prices of those securities may include undisclosed commissions or mark-ups. Principal transactions are not entered into with affiliates of the Fund. However, Gabelli & Company, Inc. may execute transactions in the over-the-counter markets on an agency basis and receive a stated commission therefrom. To the extent consistent with applicable provisions of the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder, and other regulatory requirements, the Funds Board of Trustees have determined that portfolio transactions may be executed through Gabelli & Company, Inc. and its broker-dealer affiliates if, in the judgment of the Investment Adviser, the use of those broker-dealers is likely to result in price and execution at least as favorable as those of other qualified broker-dealers, and if, in particular transactions, those broker-dealers charge the Fund a rate consistent with that charged to comparable unaffiliated customers in similar transactions. The Fund has no obligations to deal with any broker or group of brokers in executing transactions in portfolio securities. In executing transactions, the Investment Adviser seeks to obtain the best price and execution for the Fund, taking into account such factors as price, size of order, difficulty of execution and operational facilities of the firm involved and the firms risk in positioning a block of securities. While the Investment Adviser generally seeks reasonably competitive commission rates, the Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest commission available.
Subject to obtaining the best price and execution, brokers who provide supplemental research, market and statistical information, or other services (e.g., wire services) to the Investment Adviser or its affiliates may receive orders for transactions by the Fund. The term research, market and statistical information includes advice as to the value of securities, and advisability of investing in, purchasing or selling securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities, and furnishing analyses and reports concerning issues, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts. Information so received will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by the Investment Adviser under the Advisory Agreement and the expenses of the Investment Adviser will not necessarily be reduced as a result of the receipt of such supplemental information. Such information may be useful to the Investment Adviser and its affiliates in providing services to clients other than the Fund, and not all such information is used by the Investment Adviser in connection with the Fund. Conversely, such information provided to the Investment Adviser and its affiliates by brokers and dealers through whom other clients of the Investment Adviser and its affiliates effect securities transactions may be useful to the Investment Adviser in providing services to the Fund.
Although investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those for the other accounts managed by the Investment Adviser and its affiliates, investments of the kind made by the Fund may also be made for those other accounts. When the same securities are purchased for or sold by the Fund and any of such other accounts, it is the policy of the Investment Adviser and its affiliates to allocate such purchases and sales in the manner deemed fair and equitable to all of the accounts, including the Fund.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2004, the Fund paid a total of $715,256 and $2,411,160, respectively, in brokerage commissions, of which Gabelli & Company, Inc. and its affiliates received $684,983 and $1,993,089, respectively. The amount received by Gabelli & Company, Inc. and its affiliates from the Fund in respect of brokerage commissions for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 represented approximately 82.66% of the aggregate dollar amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Fund for such period and approximately 82.63% of the aggregate dollar amount of transactions by the Fund for such period.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
Portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing the lesser of an investment companys annual sales or purchases of portfolio securities by the monthly average value of securities in its portfolio during the year, excluding portfolio securities the maturities of which at the time of acquisition were one year or less. A high rate of portfolio turnover involves correspondingly greater brokerage commission expense than a lower rate, which expense must be borne by the Fund and indirectly by its shareholders. A higher rate of portfolio turnover may also result in
18
taxable gains being passed to shareholders sooner than would otherwise be the case. For the six months ended June 30, 2005, the Funds portfolio turnover rate was 7.3%. The Funds portfolio turnover rate for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004 was 33.3%. The Fund anticipates that its annual portfolio turnover rate will not exceed 100%.
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TAXATION
The following discussion is a brief summary of certain U.S. federal income tax considerations affecting the Fund and its shareholders. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax concerns affecting the Fund and its shareholders (including shareholders owning a large position in the Fund), and the discussions set forth here and in the Prospectus do not constitute tax advice. Investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers with any specific questions relating to U.S. federal, state, local and foreign taxes. The discussion reflects applicable tax laws of the United States as of the date of this SAI, which tax laws may be changed or subject to new interpretations by the courts or the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS) retroactively or prospectively.
Taxation of the Fund
The Fund has elected to be treated and has qualified, and intends to continue to qualify, as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) (a RIC). Accordingly, the Fund must, among other things, (i) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from (a) dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest), payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including but not limited to gain from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and (b) net income derived from interests in certain publicly traded partnerships that are treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes and that derive less than 90% of their gross income from the items described in (a) above (each a Qualified Publicly Traded Partnership); and (ii) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year (a) at least 50% of the value of the Funds total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Funds total assets and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (b) not more than 25% of the value of the Funds total assets is invested in the securities of (I) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and the securities of other RICs), (II) any two or more issuers that the Fund controls and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or businesses or (III) any one or more Qualified Publicly Traded Partnerships.
As a RIC, the Fund generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that it distributes each taxable year to shareholders, if it distributes at least 90% of the sum of the Funds (i) investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss and other taxable income, other than any net long-term capital gain, reduced by deductible expenses) determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and (ii) its net tax-exempt interest (the excess of its gross tax-exempt interest over certain disallowed deductions). The Fund intends to distribute at least annually substantially all of such income.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax at the Fund level. To avoid the tax, the Fund must distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of its ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gain or loss) for the calendar year, (ii) 98% of its capital gain in excess of its capital loss (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for a one-year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made to use the Funds fiscal year), and (iii) certain undistributed amounts from previous years on which the Fund paid no federal income tax. While the Fund intends to distribute any income and capital gain in the manner necessary to minimize imposition of the 4% excise tax, there can be no assurance that sufficient amounts of the Funds taxable income and capital gain will be distributed to avoid entirely the imposition of the tax. In that event, the Fund will be liable for the tax only on the amount by which it does not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.
A distribution will be treated as paid during the calendar year if it is paid during the calendar year or declared by the Fund in October, November or December of the year, payable to shareholders of record on a date during such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the following year. Any such distributions paid during January of the following year will be deemed to be received on December 31 of the year the distributions are declared, rather than when the distributions are received.
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If the Fund were unable to satisfy the 90% distribution requirement or otherwise were to fail to qualify as a RIC in any year, it would be taxed in the same manner as an ordinary corporation and distributions to the Funds shareholders would not be deductible by the Fund in computing its taxable income. To qualify again to be taxed as a RIC in a subsequent year, the Fund would be required to distribute to its shareholders its earnings and profits attributable to non-RIC years reduced by an interest charge on 50% of such earnings and profits payable by the Fund to the IRS. In addition, if the Fund failed to qualify as a RIC for a period greater than one taxable year, then the Fund would be required to recognize and pay tax on any net built-in gain (the excess of aggregate gain, including items of income, over aggregate loss that would have been realized if the Fund had been liquidated) or, alternatively, to elect to be subject to taxation on such built-in gain recognized for a period of ten years, in order to qualify as a RIC in a subsequent year.
Gain or loss on the sales of securities by the Fund will generally be long-term capital gain or loss if the securities have been held by the Fund for more than one year. Gain or loss on the sale of securities held for one year or less will be short-term capital gain or loss.
Foreign currency gain or loss on non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities and on any non-U.S. dollar-denominated futures contracts, options and forward contracts that are not section 1256 contracts (as defined below) generally will be treated as ordinary income and loss.
Investments by the Fund in certain passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) could subject the Fund to federal income tax (including interest charges) on certain distributions or dispositions with respect to those investments which cannot be eliminated by making distributions to shareholders. Elections may be available to the Fund to mitigate the effect of this tax provided that the PFIC complies with certain reporting requirements, but such elections generally accelerate the recognition of income without the receipt of cash. Dividends paid by PFICs will not qualify for the reduced tax rates discussed below under Taxation of Shareholders.
The Fund may invest in debt obligations purchased at a discount with the result that the Fund may be required to accrue income for U.S. federal income tax purposes before amounts due under the obligations are paid. The Fund may also invest in securities rated in the medium to lower rating categories of nationally recognized rating organizations, and in unrated securities (high yield securities). A portion of the interest payments on such high yield securities may be treated as dividends for certain U.S. federal income tax purposes.
As a result of investing in stock of PFICs or securities purchased at a discount or any other investment that produces income that is not matched by a corresponding cash distribution to the Fund, the Fund could be required to include in current income, income it has not yet received. Any such income would be treated as income earned by the Fund and therefore would be subject to the distribution requirements of the Code. This might prevent the Fund from distributing 90% of its investment company taxable income as is required in order to avoid Fund-level federal income taxation on all of its income, or might prevent the Fund from distributing enough ordinary income and capital gain net income to avoid completely the imposition of the excise tax. To avoid this result, the Fund may be required to borrow money or dispose of securities to be able to make distributions to its shareholders.
If the Fund does not meet the asset coverage requirements of the 1940 Act and the Statements of Preferences, the Fund will be required to suspend distributions to the holders of the Common Shares until the asset coverage is restored. Such a suspension of distributions might prevent the Fund from distributing 90% of its investment company taxable income as is required in order to avoid Fund-level federal income taxation on all of its income, or might prevent the Fund from distributing enough income and capital gain net income to avoid completely imposition of the excise tax.
Certain of the Funds investment practices are subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, (ii) convert lower taxed long-term capital gains into higher taxed short-term capital or ordinary income, (iii) convert ordinary loss or a deduction into capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited), (iv) cause the Fund to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (v) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur, (vi) adversely alter the characterization of
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certain complex financial transactions and (vii) produce income that will not qualify as good income for purposes of the 90% annual gross income requirement described above. The Fund will monitor its transactions and may make certain tax elections to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company.
Foreign Taxes
Since the Fund may invest in foreign securities, its income from such securities may be subject to non-U.S. taxes. The Fund intends to invest less than 50% of its total assets in foreign securities. As long as the Fund continues to invest less than 50% of its assets in foreign securities it will not be eligible to elect to pass-through to shareholders of the Fund the ability to use the foreign tax deduction or foreign tax credit for foreign taxes paid with respect to qualifying taxes.
Taxation of Shareholders
Based in part on a lack of present intention on the part of the Fund to voluntarily redeem the Series E ARS at any time in the future and the Funds inability to voluntarily redeem the Series D Preferred Shares until November 3, 2010, the Fund intends to take the position that under present law both the Series D Preferred and the Series E ARS will constitute equity, rather than debt of the Fund for Federal income tax purposes. It is possible, however, that the IRS could take a contrary position asserting, for example, that the Series D Preferred Shares and the ARS constitute debt of the Fund. The Fund believes this position, if asserted, would be unlikely to prevail. If that position were upheld, distributions on the Series D Preferred Shares and the Series E ARS would be considered interest, taxable as ordinary income regardless of the taxable income of the Fund. The following discussion assumes the Series D Preferred Shares and the Series E ARS are treated as equity.
The Fund will determine either to distribute or to retain for reinvestment all or part of its net capital gain. If any such gain is retained, the Fund will be subject to a tax of 35% of such amount. In that event, the Fund expects to designate the retained amount as undistributed capital gain in a notice to its shareholders, each of whom (i) will be required to include in income for tax purposes as long-term capital gain its share of such undistributed amounts, (ii) will be entitled to credit its proportionate share of the tax paid by the Fund against its federal income tax liability and to claim refunds to the extent that the credit exceeds such liability and (iii) will increase its basis in its shares of the Fund by an amount equal to 65% of the amount of undistributed capital gain included in such shareholders gross income.
Distributions paid by the Fund from its investment company taxable income, which includes net short-term capital gain, generally are taxable as ordinary income to the extent of the Funds earnings and profits. Such distributions (if designated by the Fund) may, however, qualify (provided holding period and other requirements are met by both the Fund and the shareholder) (i) for the dividends received deduction available to corporations, but only to the extent that the Funds income consists of dividend income from U.S. corporations and (ii) under the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (effective for taxable years after December 31, 2002 through December 31, 2008) (2003 Tax Act), as qualified dividend income eligible for the reduced maximum federal rate to individuals of generally 15% (currently 5% for individuals in lower tax brackets) to the extent that the Fund receives qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations (e.g., generally, foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a qualifying comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or whose stock with respect to which such dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States). A qualified foreign corporation does not include a foreign corporation which for the taxable year of the corporation in which the dividend was paid, or the preceding taxable year, is a passive foreign investment company, as defined in the Code. If the Fund lends portfolio securities, the amount received by the Fund that is the equivalent of the dividends paid by the issuer on the securities loaned will not be eligible for qualified dividend income treatment. Distributions of net capital gain designated as capital gain distributions, if any, are taxable to shareholders at rates applicable to long-term capital gain, whether paid in cash or in shares, and regardless of how long the shareholder has held the Funds shares. Capital gain distributions are not eligible for the dividends received deduction. Under the 2003 Tax Act, the maximum federal tax rate on net long-term capital gain of individuals is reduced generally from 20% to 15% (currently 5% for individuals in lower brackets) for such gain realized on or after May 6, 2003 and before January 1, 2009. Unrecaptured Section 1250 gain distributions, if any, will be subject to a 25% tax. Distributions in excess of the Funds earnings and profits will first reduce the adjusted tax basis of a holders
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shares and, after such adjusted tax basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gain to such holder (assuming the shares are held as a capital asset). For non-corporate taxpayers, under the 2003 Tax Act, investment company taxable income (other than qualified dividend income) will currently be taxed at a maximum rate of 35%, while net capital gain generally will be taxed at a maximum rate of 15%. For corporate taxpayers, both investment company taxable income and net capital gain are taxed at a maximum rate of 35%.
The IRS currently requires that a registered investment company that has two or more classes of stock allocate to each such class proportionate amounts of each type of its income (such as ordinary income, capital gains, dividends qualifying for the dividends received deduction (DRD) and qualified dividend income) based upon the percentage of total dividends paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits to each class for the tax year. Accordingly, the Fund intends each year to allocate capital gain dividends, dividends qualifying for the DRD and dividends that constitute qualified dividend income, if any, between its Common Shares and Preferred Shares in proportion to the total dividends paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits to each class with respect to such tax year. Distributions in excess of the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits, if any, however, will not be allocated proportionately among the Common Shares and Preferred Shares. Since the Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits will first be used to pay dividends on its preferred shares (including the Series D Preferred Shares and the Series E ARS), distributions in excess of such earnings and profits, if any, will be made disproportionately to holders of Common Shares.
Shareholders may be entitled to offset their capital gain distributions (but not distributions eligible for qualified dividend income treatment) with capital loss. There are a number of statutory provisions affecting when capital loss may be offset against capital gain, and limiting the use of loss from certain investments and activities. Accordingly, shareholders with capital loss are urged to consult their tax advisers.
The price of shares purchased at any time may reflect the amount of a forthcoming distribution. Those purchasing shares just prior to a distribution will receive a distribution which will be taxable to them even though it represents in part a return of invested capital.
Upon a sale, exchange or other disposition of shares, a shareholder will generally realize a taxable gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount of cash and the fair market value of other property received and the shareholders adjusted tax basis in the shares. Such gain or loss will be treated as long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced by substantially identical shares within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date that the shares are disposed of. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
Any loss realized by a shareholder on the sale of Fund shares held by the shareholder for six months or less will be treated for tax purposes as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain distributions received by the shareholder (or amounts credited to the shareholder as an undistributed capital gain) with respect to such shares.
Ordinary income distributions and capital gain distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes. Shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers regarding specific questions about federal (including the application of the alternative minimum tax rules), state, local or foreign tax consequences to them of investing in the Fund.
Ordinary income distributions (but not capital gain distributions) paid to shareholders who are non-resident aliens or foreign entities (a foreign investor) will generally be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax under existing provisions of the Code applicable to foreign individuals and entities, unless a reduced rate of withholding or a withholding exemption is provided under applicable treaty law. In order to obtain such a reduced rate of withholding, a non-U.S. person shareholder will be required to provide an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty. Under the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004, however, no U.S. source withholding taxes are imposed on dividends paid by RICs to the extent the dividends are designated as interest-related dividends or short-term capital gain dividends. Under this exemption, interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends generally represent distributions of interest or short-term capital gains that would not have been subject to U.S. withholding tax at the source if they had been received directly by a
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non-U.S. person, and that satisfy certain other requirements. The exemption applies to dividends with respect to taxable years of RICs beginning after December 31, 2004 and before January 1, 2008. Non-U.S. persons should note that, to the extent that dividends paid by the Company are not designated as interest-related dividends, such dividends will be taxable and subject to withholding as described above even though interest income earned by the Company would generally not have been subject to U.S. income tax had it instead been earned directly by such non-U.S. persons.
Different tax consequences may result if the foreign investor is engaged in a trade or business in the United States or, in the case of an individual, is present in the United States for 183 or more days during a taxable year and certain other conditions are met. Foreign investors are urged to consult their own tax advisers concerning the applicability of the U.S. withholding tax.
Backup Withholding
The Fund may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax on all taxable distributions and redemption proceeds payable to non-corporate shareholders who fail to provide the Fund with their correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or who have been notified by the IRS that they are subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be refunded or credited against such shareholders U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
The foregoing is a general and abbreviated summary of the applicable provisions of the Code and Treasury regulations presently in effect. For the complete provisions, reference should be made to the pertinent Code sections and the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder. The Code and the Treasury regulations are subject to change by legislative, judicial or administrative action, either prospectively or retroactively. Persons considering an investment in common shares should consult their own tax advisers regarding the purchase, ownership and disposition of common shares.
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AUTOMATIC DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT AND VOLUNTARY CASH PURCHASE PLAN
Under the Funds Automatic Dividend Reinvestment and Voluntary Cash Purchase Plan (the Plan), a shareholder whose Common Shares are registered in his or her own name will have all distributions reinvested automatically by Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc., which is agent under the Plan, unless the shareholder elects to receive cash. Distributions with respect to shares registered in the name of a broker-dealer or other nominee (that is, in street name) will be reinvested by the broker or nominee in additional shares under the Plan, unless the service is not provided by the broker or nominee or the shareholder elects to receive distributions in cash. Investors who own Common Shares registered in street name should consult their broker-dealers for details regarding reinvestment. All distributions to investors who do not participate in the Plan will be paid by check mailed directly to the record holder by Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. as dividend disbursing agent.
Under the Plan, whenever the market price of the Common Shares is equal to or exceeds net asset value at the time shares are valued for purposes of determining the number of shares equivalent to the cash dividend or capital gains distribution, participants in the Plan are issued Common Shares, valued at the greater of (i) the net asset value as most recently determined or (ii) 95% of the then-current market price of the Common Shares. The valuation date is the dividend or distribution payment date or, if that date is not a New York Stock Exchange trading day, the next preceding trading day. If the net asset value of the Common Shares at the time of valuation exceeds the market price of the Common Shares, participants will receive shares from the Fund, valued at market price. If the Fund should declare a dividend or capital gains distribution payable only in cash, Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. will buy the Common Shares for such Plan in the open market, on the New York Stock Exchange or elsewhere, for the participants accounts, except that Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. will endeavor to terminate purchases in the open market and cause the Fund to issue shares at the greater of net asset value or 95% of market value if, following the commencement of such purchases, the market value of the Common Shares exceeds net asset value.
Participants in the Plan have the option of making additional cash payments to Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc., semi-monthly, for investment in the shares as applicable. Such payments may be made in any amount from $250 to $10,000. Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. will use all funds received from participants to purchase shares of the Fund in the open market on or about the 1st and 15th of each month. EquiServe will charge each shareholder who participates $0.75, plus a pro rata share of the brokerage commissions. Brokerage charges for such purchases are expected to be less than the usual brokerage charge for such transactions. It is suggested that participants send voluntary cash payments to Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. in a manner that ensures that Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. will receive these payments approximately 10 days before the 1st and 15th of the month. A participant may without charge withdraw a voluntary cash payment by written notice, if the notice is received by Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. at least 48 hours before such payment is to be invested.
Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. maintains all shareholder accounts in the Plan and furnishes written confirmations of all transactions in the account, including information needed by shareholders for personal and tax records. Shares in the account of each Plan participant will be held by Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. in noncertificated form in the name of the participant. A Plan participant may send its share certificates to Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. so that the shares represented by such certificates will be held by Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. in the participants shareholder account under the Plan.
In the case of shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees, which hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners, Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. will administer the Plan on the basis of the number of shares certified from time to time by the shareholder as representing the total amount registered in the shareholders name and held for the account of beneficial owners who participate in the Plan.
Experience under the Plan may indicate that changes are desirable. Accordingly, the Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate its Plan as applied to any voluntary cash payments made and any dividend or distribution paid subsequent to written notice of the change sent to the members of such Plan at least 90 days before the record date for such dividend or distribution. The Plan also may be amended or terminated by Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. on at least 90 days written notice to the participants in such Plan. All correspondence concerning the Plan should be directed to Computershare Shareholder Services, Inc. at P.O. Box 43010, Providence, RI 02940-3010.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING AUCTIONS FOR THE SERIES E Auction Rate Preferred
General
The Statement of Preferences of the Series E ARS provides that
the Applicable Rate for each Dividend Period of the
Series E ARS
will be equal to the rate per annum for the Series E
ARS
that the Auction Agent advises has resulted on the Business Day preceding the
first day of a Dividend Period (an Auction Date) for of the Series E ARS from
implementation of the Auction Procedures set forth in the Statement of
Preferences, and summarized below, in which persons determine to hold or offer
to sell or, based on dividend rates bid by them, offer to purchase or sell
shares of such series. Each periodic
implementation of the Auction Procedures is referred to herein as an Auction. The following summary is qualified by
reference to the Auction Procedures set forth in the Statements of Preferences.
Auction Agency Agreement. The Fund has entered into an Auction Agency Agreement (the Auction Agency Agreement) with the Auction Agent (currently, The Bank of New York), which provides, among other things, that the Auction Agent will follow the Auction Procedures for purposes of determining the Applicable Rate for the Series E ARS so long as the Applicable Rate is to be based on the results of the Auction.
Broker-Dealer Agreements. Each Auction requires the participation of one or more Broker-Dealers. The Auction Agent has entered into agreements (collectively, the Broker-Dealer Agreements) with several Broker-Dealers selected by the Fund, which provide for the participation of those Broker-Dealers in Auctions for the Series E ARS. See Broker-Dealers below.
Securities Depository. DTC will act as the Securities Depository for the Agent Members with respect to the Series E ARS. One certificate for the ARS will be registered in the name of Cede & Co., as nominee of the Securities Depository.
Such certificate will bear a legend to the effect that such certificate is issued subject to the provisions restricting transfers of the Series E ARS contained in the Statement of Preferences of the Series E ARS. The Fund will also issue stop-transfer instructions to the transfer agent for the ARS. Prior to the commencement of the right of Holders of the Preferred Shares to elect a majority of the Funds trustees, as described under Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred Voting Rights in the Prospectus, Cede & Co. will be the Holder of all the shares of Series E ARS and owners of such shares will not be entitled to receive certificates representing their ownership interest in such shares.
DTC, a New York chartered limited purpose trust company, performs services for its participants (including Agent Members), some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. DTC maintains lists of its participants and will maintain the positions (ownership interests) held by each such Agent Member in Series E ARS, whether for its own account or as a nominee for another person.
Orders by Existing Holders and Potential Holders
On or prior to the Submission Deadline on each Auction Date for the Series E ARS:
(i) each Beneficial Owner of Series E ARS may submit to its Broker-Dealer by telephone or otherwise a:
(a) Hold Order indicating the number of Outstanding Series E ARS, if any, that such Beneficial Owner desires to continue to hold without regard to the Applicable Rate for such shares for the next succeeding Dividend Period of such shares;
(b) Bid indicating the number of Outstanding Series E ARS, if any, that such Beneficial Owner offers to (i) purchase or chooses to hold if the Applicable Rate for such
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ARS for the next succeeding Dividend Period is not less than the rate specified on the bid or (ii) sell if the Applicable Rate for such ARS for the next succeeding Dividend Period is less than the rate per annum specified by such Beneficial Owner in such Bid; and/or
(c) Sell Order indicating the number of Outstanding ARS, if any, that such Beneficial Owner offers to sell without regard to the Applicable Rate for such ARS for the next succeeding Dividend Period; and
(ii) Broker-Dealers will contact customers who are Potential Beneficial Owners by telephone or otherwise to determine whether such customers desire to submit Bids, in which case they will indicate the number of ARS that they offer to purchase if the Applicable Rate for ARS for the next succeeding Dividend Period is not less than the rate per annum specified in such Bids.
The communication to a Broker-Dealer of the foregoing information is herein referred to as an Order and collectively as Orders. A Beneficial Owner or a Potential Beneficial Owner placing an Order with its Broker-Dealer is herein referred to as a Bidder and collectively as Bidders. The submission by a Broker-Dealer of an Order to the Auction Agent is referred to herein as an Order and collectively as Orders, and an Existing Holder or Potential Holder who places an Order with the Auction Agent or on whose behalf an Order is placed with the Auction Agent is referred to herein as a Bidder and collectively as Bidders.
A Bid placed by a Beneficial Owner specifying a rate higher than the Applicable Rate determined in the Auction will constitute an irrevocable offer to sell the shares subject thereto. A Beneficial Owner that submits a Bid to its Broker-Dealer having a rate higher than the Maximum Rate on the Auction Date thereof will be treated as having submitted a Sell Order to its Broker-Dealer. A Sell Order will constitute an irrevocable offer to sell ARS subject thereto at a price per share equal to $25,000.
A Beneficial Owner that fails to submit to its Broker-Dealer prior to the Submission Deadline for the ARS an Order or Orders covering all the Outstanding ARS held by such Beneficial Owner will be deemed to have submitted a Hold Order to its Broker-Dealer covering the number of Outstanding ARS held by such Beneficial Owner and not subject to Orders submitted to its Broker-Dealer; provided, however, that if a Beneficial Owner fails to submit to its Broker-Dealer prior to the Submission Deadline for the ARS an Order or Orders covering all of the Outstanding ARS held by such Beneficial Owner for an Auction relating to a Special Dividend Period consisting of more than 28 Dividend Period days, such Beneficial Owner will be deemed to have submitted a Sell Order to its Broker-Dealer covering the number of Outstanding ARS held by such Beneficial Owner and not subject to Orders submitted to its Broker-Dealer.
A Potential Beneficial Owner of ARS may submit to its Broker-Dealer Bids in which it offers to purchase ARS if the Applicable Rate for the next Dividend Period is not less than the rate specified in such Bid. A Bid placed by a Potential Beneficial Owner specifying a rate not higher than the Maximum Rate will constitute an irrevocable offer to purchase the number of ARS specified in such Bid if the rate determined in the Auction is equal to or greater than the rate specified in such Bid. A Beneficial Owner of ARS that offers to become the Beneficial Owner of additional ARS is, for purposes of such offer, a Potential Beneficial Owner.
As described more fully below under Submission of Orders by Broker-Dealers to Auction Agent, the Broker-Dealers will submit the Orders of their respective customers who are Beneficial Owners and Potential Beneficial Owners to the Auction Agent, designating themselves (unless otherwise permitted by the Fund) as Existing Holders in respect of ARS subject to Orders submitted or deemed submitted to them by Beneficial Owners and as Potential Holders in respect of ARS subject to Orders submitted to them by Potential Beneficial Owners. However, neither the Fund nor the Auction Agent will be responsible for a Broker-Dealers failure to comply with the foregoing. Any Order placed with the Auction Agent by a Broker-Dealer as or on behalf of an Existing Holder or a Potential Holder will be treated in the same manner as an Order placed with a Broker-Dealer by a Beneficial Owner or a Potential Beneficial Owner, as described above. Similarly, any failure by a Broker-Dealer to submit to the Auction Agent an Order in respect of any ARS held by it or its
27
customers who are Beneficial Owners will be treated in the same manner as a Beneficial Owners failure to submit to its Broker-Dealer an Order in respect of ARS held by it, as described in the second preceding paragraph. For information concerning the priority given to different types of Orders placed by Existing Holders, see Submission of Orders by Broker-Dealers to Auction Agent below.
The Fund may not submit an Order in any Auction.
The Auction Procedures include a pro rata allocation of shares for purchase and sale, which may result in an Existing Holder continuing to hold or selling, or a Potential Holder purchasing, a number of ARS that is fewer than the number of ARS specified in its Order. See Acceptance and Rejection of Submitted Bids and Submitted Sell Orders and Allocation of Shares below. To the extent the allocation procedures have that result, Broker-Dealers that have designated themselves as Existing Holders or Potential Holders in respect of customer Orders will be required to make appropriate pro rata allocations among their respective customers. Each purchase or sale will be made for settlement on the Business Day next succeeding the Auction Date at a price per share equal to $25,000. See Notification of Results; Settlement below.
As described above, any Bid specifying a rate higher than the Maximum Rate will (i) be treated as a Sell Order if submitted by a Beneficial Owner or an Existing Holder and (ii) not be accepted if submitted by a Potential Beneficial Owner or a Potential Holder. Accordingly, the Auction Procedures establish the Maximum Rate as a maximum rate per annum that can result from an Auction up to the Maximum Rate. See Determination of Sufficient Clearing Bids, Winning Bid Rate and Applicable Rate and Acceptance and Rejection of Submitted Bids and Submitted Sell Orders and Allocation of Shares below.
Concerning the Auction Agent
The Auction Agent is acting as agent for the Fund in connection with Auctions. In the absence of willful misconduct or gross negligence on its part, the Auction Agent will not be liable for any action taken, suffered, or omitted or for any error of judgment made by it in the performance of its duties under the Auction Agency Agreement and will not be liable for any error of judgment resulting from the use or reliance on a source of information used in good faith unless the Auction Agent has been grossly negligent in the determination, calculation or declaration thereunder.
The Auction Agent may rely upon, as evidence of the identities of the Existing Holders of ARS, the Auction Agents registry of Existing Holders, the results of Auctions and notices from any Broker-Dealer (or other person, if permitted by the Fund) with respect to transfers described under The Auction of Series E Auction Rate Preferred Secondary Market Trading and Transfer of Series E Auction Rate Preferred in the Prospectus and notices from the Fund. The Auction Agent is not required to accept any such notice for an Auction unless it is received by the Auction Agent by 3:00 p.m., New York City time, on the Business Day preceding such Auction.
The Auction Agent may terminate the Auction Agency Agreement upon written notice to the Fund on a date no earlier than 30 days after the date of delivery of such notice. If the Auction Agent should resign or for any reason its appointment is terminated during any period when the ARS are outstanding, the Fund will use its best efforts promptly thereafter to enter into an agreement with a successor Auction Agent containing substantially the same terms and conditions as the Auction Agency Agreement. The Fund may remove the Auction Agent, provided that prior to such removal, the Fund has entered into such an agreement in substantially the form of the Auction Agency Agreement with a successor Auction Agent.
Broker-Dealers
The Auction Agent after each Auction for ARS will pay to each Broker-Dealer, from funds provided by the Fund, a service charge equal to, in the case of any auction immediately preceding a dividend period of less than 365 days the product of (i) a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of days in such dividend period and the denominator of which is 360, times (ii) ¼ of 1%, times (iii) $25,000, times (iv) the aggregate number of ARS placed by such broker-dealer at such auction. In the case of any auction immediately preceding a dividend period of one year or longer, the service charge shall be determined by mutual
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consent of the Fund and any such broker-dealer and shall be based upon a selling concession that would be applicable to an underwriting of fixed or variable rate preferred shares with a similar final maturity or variable rate dividend period, respectively, at the commencement of the dividend period with respect to such auction. For the purposes of the preceding sentence, ARS will be placed by a Broker-Dealer if such shares were (i) the subject of Hold Orders deemed to have been submitted to the Auction Agent by the Broker-Dealer and were acquired by such Broker-Dealer for its customers who are Beneficial Owners or (ii) the subject of an Order submitted by such Broker-Dealer that is (a) a Submitted Bid of an Existing Holder that resulted in such Existing Holder continuing to hold such shares as a result of the Auction, (b) a Submitted Bid of a Potential Holder that resulted in such Potential Holder purchasing such shares as a result of the Auction or (c) a valid Hold Order.
The Fund may request the Auction Agent to terminate one or more Broker-Dealer Agreements at any time, provided that at least one Broker-Dealer Agreement is in effect after such termination.
The Broker-Dealer Agreement provides that a Broker-Dealer that is not an affiliate of the Fund may submit Orders in Auctions for its own account, unless the Fund notifies all Broker-Dealers that they may no longer do so, in which case Broker-Dealers may continue to submit Hold Orders and Sell Orders for their own accounts. If a Broker-Dealer submits an Order for its own account in any Auction, it might have an advantage over other Bidders because it would have knowledge of all Orders submitted by it in that Auction. Such Broker-Dealer, however, would not have knowledge of Orders submitted by other Broker-Dealers in that Auction.
Submission of Orders by Broker-Dealers to Auction Agent
Prior to 1:30 p.m., New York City time, on each Auction Date, or such other time on the Auction Date specified by the Auction Agent (i.e., the Submission Deadline), each Broker-Dealer will submit to the Auction Agent in writing all Orders obtained by it for the Auction to be conducted on such Auction Date, designating itself (unless otherwise permitted by the Fund) as the Existing Holder or Potential Holder, as the case may be, in respect of ARS subject to such Orders. Any Order submitted by a Beneficial Owner or a Potential Beneficial Owner to its Broker-Dealer, or by a Broker-Dealer to the Auction Agent, prior to the Submission Deadline on any Auction Date, will be irrevocable.
If any rate specified in any Bid contains more than three figures to the right of the decimal point, the Auction Agent will round such rate to the next highest one-thousandth (0.001) of 1%.
If one or more Orders of an Existing Holder is submitted to the Auction Agent covering in the aggregate more than the number of Outstanding ARS subject to an Auction held by such Existing Holder, such Orders will be considered valid in the following order of priority:
(i) all Hold Orders for ARS will be considered valid, but only up to and including in the aggregate the number of Outstanding shares of ARS held by such Existing Holder, and, if the number of ARS subject to such Hold Orders exceeds the number of shares of Outstanding ARS held by such Existing Holder, the number of shares subject to each such Hold Order will be reduced pro rata to cover the number of Outstanding shares held by such Existing Holder;
(ii) (a) any Bid for ARS will be considered valid up to and including the excess of the number of Outstanding shares of ARS held by such Existing Holder over the number of ARS subject to any Hold Orders referred to in clause (i) above;
(b) subject to subclause (a), if more than one Bid of an Existing Holder for ARS is submitted to the Auction Agent with the same rate and the number of Outstanding shares of ARS subject to such Bids is greater than such excess, such Bids will be considered valid up to and including the amount of such excess, and the number of shares of ARS subject to each Bid with the same rate will be reduced pro rata to cover the number of shares of ARS equal to such excess;
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(c) subject to subclauses (a) and (b), if more than one Bid of an Existing Holder for ARS is submitted to the Auction Agent with different rates, such Bids will be considered valid in the ascending order of their respective rates up to and including the amount of such excess; and
(d) in any such event, the number, if any, of such Outstanding shares of ARS subject to any portion of Bids considered not valid in whole or in part under this clause (ii) will be treated as the subject of a Bid for ARS by or on behalf of a Potential Holder at the rate specified therein; and
(iii) all Sell Orders for ARS will be considered valid up to and including the excess of the number of Outstanding shares of ARS held by such Existing Holder over the sum of shares subject to valid Hold Orders referred to in clause (i) above and valid Bids referred to in clause (ii) above.
If more than one Bid of a Potential Holder for ARS is submitted to the Auction Agent by or on behalf of any Potential Holder, each such Bid submitted will be a separate Bid with the rate and number of ARS specified therein.
Determination of Sufficient Clearing Bids, Winning Bid Rate and Applicable Rate
Not earlier than the Submission Deadline on each Auction Date for the ARS, the Auction Agent will assemble all valid Orders submitted or deemed submitted to it by the Broker-Dealers (each such Hold Order, Bid or Sell Order as submitted or deemed submitted by a Broker-Dealer being herein referred to as a Submitted Hold Order, a Submitted Bid or a Submitted Sell Order, as the case may be, or as a Submitted Order and collectively as Submitted Hold Orders, Submitted Bids or Submitted Sell Orders, as the case may be, or as Submitted Orders) and will determine the excess of the number of Outstanding shares of ARS over the number of Outstanding shares of ARS subject to Submitted Hold Orders (such excess being herein referred to as the Available Auction Rate Preferred) and whether Sufficient Clearing Bids have been made in the Auction. Sufficient Clearing Bids will have been made if the number of Outstanding shares of ARS that are the subject of Submitted Bids of Potential Holders specifying rates not higher than the Maximum Rate equals or exceeds the number of Outstanding shares of ARS that are the subject of Submitted Sell Orders (including the number of ARS subject to Bids of Existing Holders specifying rates higher than the Maximum Rate).
If Sufficient Clearing Bids for ARS have been made, the Auction Agent will determine the lowest rate specified in such Submitted Bids (the Winning Bid Rate for shares of such Series) which, taking into account the rates in the Submitted Bids of Existing Holders, would result in Existing Holders continuing to hold an aggregate number of Outstanding ARS which, when added to the number of Outstanding ARS to be purchased by Potential Holders, based on the rates in their Submitted Bids, would equal not less than the Available ARS. In such event, the Winning Bid Rate will be the Applicable Rate for the next Dividend Period for all shares of such Series.
If Sufficient Clearing Bids have not been made (other than because all of the Outstanding ARS is subject to Submitted Hold Orders), the Applicable Rate for the next Dividend Period for all ARS will be equal to the Maximum Rate. In such a case, Beneficial Owners that have submitted or that are deemed to have submitted Sell Orders may not be able to sell in the Auction all ARS subject to such Sell Orders but will continue to own ARS for the next Dividend Period. See Acceptance and Rejection of Submitted Bids and Submitted Sell Orders and Allocation of Shares below.
If all of the Outstanding shares of a series of ARS are subject to Submitted Hold Orders, the Applicable Rate for all such ARS for the next succeeding Dividend Period will be the All Hold Rate.
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Acceptance and Rejection of Submitted Bids and Submitted Sell Orders and Allocation of Shares
Based on the determinations made under Determination of Sufficient Clearing Bids, Winning Bid Rate and Applicable Rate above and, subject to the discretion of the Auction Agent to round and allocate certain shares as described below, Submitted Bids and Submitted Sell Orders will be accepted or rejected in the order of priority set forth in the Auction Procedures, with the result that Existing Holders and Potential Holders of ARS will sell, continue to hold and/or purchase such shares as set forth below. Existing Holders that submitted or were deemed to have submitted Hold Orders (or on whose behalf Hold Orders were submitted or deemed to have been submitted) will continue to hold the ARS subject to such Hold Orders.
If Sufficient Clearing Bids for ARS have been made:
(i) Each Existing Holder that placed or on whose behalf was placed a Submitted Sell Order or Submitted Bid specifying any rate higher than the Winning Bid Rate will sell the Outstanding ARS subject to such Submitted Sell Order or Submitted Bid;
(ii) Each Existing Holder that placed or on whose behalf was placed a Submitted Bid specifying a rate lower than the Winning Bid Rate will continue to hold the Outstanding ARS subject to such Submitted Bid;
(iii) Each Potential Holder that placed or on whose behalf was placed a Submitted Bid specifying a rate lower than the Winning Bid Rate will purchase the number of Outstanding ARS subject to such Submitted Bid;
(iv) Each Existing Holder that placed or on whose behalf was placed a Submitted Bid specifying a rate equal to the Winning Bid Rate will continue to hold ARS subject to such Submitted Bid, unless the number of Outstanding ARS subject to all such Submitted Bids is greater than the number of ARS (remaining shares) in excess of the Available ARS over the number of ARS accounted for in clauses (ii) and (iii) above, in which event each Existing Holder with such a Submitted Bid will continue to hold ARS subject to such Submitted Bid determined on a pro rata basis based on the number of Outstanding ARS subject to all such Submitted Bids of such Existing Holders; and
(v) Each Potential Holder that placed or on whose behalf was placed a Submitted Bid specifying a rate equal to the Winning Bid Rate for ARS will purchase any Available ARS not accounted for in clauses (ii) through (iv) above on a pro rata basis based on the Outstanding ARS subject to all such Submitted Bids.
If Sufficient Clearing Bids for ARS have not been made (unless this results because all Outstanding ARS are subject to Submitted Hold Orders):
(i) Each Existing Holder that placed or on whose behalf was placed a Submitted Bid specifying a rate equal to or lower than the Maximum Rate will continue to hold the ARS subject to such Submitted Bid;
(ii) Each Potential Holder that placed or on whose behalf was placed a Submitted Bid specifying a rate equal to or lower than the Maximum Rate will purchase the number of ARS subject to such Submitted Bid; and
(iii) Each Existing Holder that placed or on whose behalf was placed a Submitted Bid specifying a rate higher than the Maximum Rate or a Submitted Sell Order will sell a number of ARS subject to such Submitted Bid or Submitted Sell Order determined on a pro rata basis based on the number of Outstanding ARS subject to all such Submitted Bids and Submitted Sell Orders.
If, as a result of the pro rata allocation described in clauses (iv) or (v) of the second preceding paragraph or clause (iii) of the next preceding paragraph, any Existing Holder would be entitled or required to sell,
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or any Potential Holder would be entitled or required to purchase, a fraction of a ARS share, the Auction Agent will, in such manner as, in its sole discretion, it determines, round up or down to the nearest whole share the number of ARS being sold or purchased on such Auction Date so that the number of ARS sold or purchased by each Existing Holder or Potential Holder will be whole shares of such Series. If as a result of the pro rata allocation described in clause (v) of the second preceding paragraph, any Potential Holder would be entitled or required to purchase less than a whole ARS share, the Auction Agent will, in such manner as, in its sole discretion, it will determine, allocate ARS for purchase among Potential Holders so that only whole ARS are purchased by any such Potential Holder, even if such allocation results in one or more of such Potential Holders not purchasing shares of such Series.
Notification of Results; Settlement
The Auction Agent will be required to advise each Broker-Dealer that submitted an Order of the Applicable Rate for the next Dividend Period and, if the Order was a Bid or Sell Order, whether such Bid or Sell Order was accepted or rejected, in whole or in part, by telephone by approximately 3:00 p.m., New York City time, on each Auction Date. Each Broker-Dealer that submitted an Order for the account of a customer will then be required to advise such customer of the Applicable Rate for the next Dividend Period and, if such Order was a Bid or a Sell Order, whether such Bid or Sell Order was accepted or rejected, in whole or in part, will be required to confirm purchases and sales with each customer purchasing or selling ARS as a result of the Auction and will be required to advise each customer purchasing or selling ARS as a result of the Auction to give instructions to its Agent Member of the Securities Depository to pay the purchase price against delivery of such shares or to deliver such shares against payment therefor, as appropriate. The Auction Agent will be required to record each transfer of ARS on the registry of Existing Holders to be maintained by the Auction Agent.
In accordance with the Securities Depositorys normal procedures, on the Business Day after the Auction Date, the transactions described above will be executed through the Securities Depository and the accounts of the respective Agent Members at the Securities Depository will be debited and credited and shares delivered as necessary to effect the purchases and sales of ARS as determined in the Auction. Purchasers will make payment through their Agent Members in same-day funds to the Securities Depository against delivery through their Agent Members; the Securities Depository will make payment in accordance with its normal procedures, which now provide for payment against delivery by their Agent Members in same-day funds.
If any Existing Holder selling ARS in an Auction fails to deliver such shares, the Broker-Dealer of any person that was to have purchased such shares in such Auction may deliver to such person a number of whole ARS that is less than the number of ARS that otherwise was to be purchased by such person. In such event, the number of ARS to be so delivered will be determined by the Broker-Dealer. Delivery of such lesser number of ARS will constitute good delivery.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING THE SERIES D PREFERRED AND SERIES E Auction Rate Preferred
The additional information concerning the Series D Preferred Shares and the Series E ARS contained in this SAI does not purport to be a complete description of those series and should be read in conjunction with the description of the Series D Preferred Shares and Series E ARS contained in the Prospectus under Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred. This description is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Funds Governing Documents, including the provisions of the Statements of Preferences establishing, respectively, the Series D Preferred Shares and the Series E ARS. Copies of these Statements of Preferences are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which the Prospectus and this SAI are a part and may be inspected, and a copy thereof may be obtained, as described under Additional Information in the Prospectus.
Dividends and Distributions and Dividend Periods For the Series E Auction Rate Preferred
Holders of ARS will be entitled to receive, when, as and if declared by the Board of Trustees, out of funds legally available therefor, cumulative cash dividends and distributions on their shares, at the Applicable Rate for that series determined as described under Determination of Dividend Rate, payable as and when set forth below. Distributions so declared will be made to the extent permitted under the Code, and to the extent available and in preference to and priority over any distributions declared and payable on the Funds Common Shares.
By 12:00 noon, New York City time, on the Business Day immediately preceding each Dividend Payment Date, the Fund is required to deposit with the Paying Agent sufficient same-day funds for the payment of declared dividends and distributions. The Fund does not intend to establish any reserves for the payment of dividends and distributions.
Each dividend and distribution will be paid by the Paying Agent to the Holder, which Holder is expected to be the nominee of the Securities Depository. The Securities Depository will credit the accounts of the Agent Members of the beneficial owners in accordance with the Securities Depositorys normal procedures. The Securities Depositorys current procedures provide for it to distribute dividends and distributions in same-day funds to Agent Members who are in turn expected to distribute such dividends and distributions to the persons for whom they are acting as agents. The Agent Member of a beneficial owner will be responsible for holding or disbursing such payments on the applicable Dividend Payment Date to such beneficial owner in accordance with the instructions of such beneficial owner.
Holders of Series E ARS will not be entitled to any dividends and distributions, whether payable in cash, property or shares, in excess of full cumulative dividends and distributions. No interest will be payable in respect of any dividend payment or payments that may be in arrears. See Default Period.
The amount of dividends and distributions per Outstanding Series E Auction Rate Preferred Share payable (if declared) on each Dividend Payment Date of each Dividend Period of less than one year (or in respect of dividends and distributions on another date in connection with a redemption during such Dividend Period) will be computed by multiplying the Applicable Rate (or the Default Rate) for such Dividend Period (or a portion thereof) by a fraction, the numerator of which will be the number of days in such Dividend Period (or portion thereof) such share was Outstanding and for which the Applicable Rate or the Default Rate was applicable (but in no event will the numerator exceed 360) and the denominator of which will be 360, multiplying the amount so obtained by $25,000, and rounding the amount so obtained to the nearest cent. During any Dividend Period of one year or more, the amount of dividends and distributions per Series E Auction Rate Preferred share payable on any Dividend Payment Date (or in respect of dividends and distributions on another date in connection with a redemption during such Dividend Period) will be computed as described in the preceding sentence except that the numerator, with respect to any full twelve month period, will be 360.
Determination of Dividend Rate. The dividend rate for the initial Dividend Period (i.e., the period from and including the Date of Original Issue to and including the initial Auction Date) and the initial Auction Date for the ARS is set forth in the Prospectus. See The Auction of Series E Auction Rate Preferred Summary of Auction Procedures in the Prospectus. For each subsequent Dividend Period, subject to certain exceptions, the dividend rate will be the Applicable Rate that the Auction Agent advises the Fund has resulted from an Auction.
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Dividend Periods after the initial Dividend Period will either be Standard Dividend Periods (generally seven days) or, subject to certain conditions and with notice to Holders, Special Dividend Periods.
A Special Dividend Period will not be effective unless Sufficient Clearing Bids exist at the Auction in respect of such Special Dividend Period (that is, in general, the number of shares subject to Bids by Potential Beneficial Owners is at least equal to the number of shares subject to Sell Orders by Existing Holders). If Sufficient Clearing Bids do not exist at any Auction in respect of a Special Dividend Period, the Dividend Period commencing on the Business Day succeeding such Auction will be the Standard Dividend Period, and the Holders of the ARS will be required to continue to hold such shares for such Standard Dividend Period. The designation of a Special Dividend Period is also subject to additional conditions. See Notification of Dividend Period below.
Dividends and distributions will accumulate at the Applicable Rate from the Date of Original Issue and will be payable on each Dividend Payment Date thereafter. Distributions will be paid through the Securities Depository on each Dividend Payment Date. The Applicable Rate resulting from an Auction will not be greater than the Maximum Rate. The Maximum Rate is subject to upward, but not downward, adjustment in the discretion of the Board of Trustees after consultation with the Broker-Dealers, provided that immediately following any such increase the Fund would be in compliance with the ARS Basic Maintenance Amount.
The Maximum Rate will apply automatically following an Auction for Series E ARS in which Sufficient Clearing Bids have not been made (other than because all ARS were subject to Submitted Hold Orders) or following the failure to hold an Auction for any reason on the Auction Date scheduled to occur (except for (i) circumstances in which the Dividend Rate is the Default Rate, as described below or (ii) in the event an auction is not held because an unforeseen event or unforeseen events cause a day that otherwise would have been an Auction Date not to be a Business Day, in which case the length of the then-current dividend period will be extended by seven days, or a multiple thereof if necessary because of such unforeseen event or events, the applicable rate for such period will be the applicable rate for the then-current dividend period so extended and the dividend payment date for such dividend period will be the first business day next succeeding the end of such period). The All Hold Rate will apply automatically following an Auction in which all of the Outstanding Series E ARS are subject (or are deemed to be subject) to Hold Orders.
Prior to each Auction, Broker-Dealers will notify Holders of the term of the next succeeding Dividend Period as soon as practicable after the Broker-Dealers have been so advised by the Fund. After each Auction, on the Auction Date, Broker-Dealers will notify Holders of the Applicable Rate for the next succeeding Dividend Period and of the Auction Date of the next succeeding Auction.
Notification of Dividend Period. The Fund will designate the duration of Dividend Periods of the Series E ARS; provided, however, that no such designation is necessary for a Standard Dividend Period and that any designation of a Special Dividend Period will be effective only if (i) notice thereof has been given as provided herein, (ii) any failure to pay in the timely manner to the Auction Agent the full amount of any dividend and distribution on, or the redemption price of, the ARS has been cured as set forth under Default Period, (iii) Sufficient Clearing Orders existed in an Auction held on the Auction Date immediately preceding the first day of such proposed Special Dividend Period, (iv) if the Fund mailed a notice of redemption with respect to any shares, the Redemption Price with respect to such shares has been deposited with the Paying Agent and (v) the Fund has confirmed that, as of the Auction Date next preceding the first day of such Special Dividend Period, it has Eligible Assets with an aggregate Discounted Value at least equal to the Series E ARS Basic Maintenance Amount and has consulted with the Broker-Dealers including the lead broker-dealer, initially Citigroup Global Markets Inc., and the Fund has provided notice and a Series E ARS Basic Maintenance Report to each Rating Agency which is then rating the Series E ARS and so requires.
If the Fund proposes to designate any Special Dividend Period, not fewer than seven Business Days (or two Business Days in the event the duration of the Special Dividend Period is fewer than ten days) nor more than 30 Business Days prior to the first day of such Special Dividend Period, notice will be made by press release and communicated by the Fund by telephonic or other means to the Auction Agent and confirmed in writing promptly thereafter. Each such notice will state (x) that the Fund proposes to exercise its option to designate a succeeding Special Dividend Period, specifying the first and last days thereof and (y) that the Fund will, by 3:00 p.m.,
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New York City time, on the second Business Day next preceding the first day of such Special Dividend Period, notify the Auction Agent, who will promptly notify the Broker-Dealers, of either its determination, subject to certain conditions, to proceed with such Special Dividend Period, in which case the Fund may specify the terms of any Specific Redemption Provisions, or its determination not to proceed with such Special Dividend Period, in which case the succeeding Dividend Period will be a Standard Dividend Period.
No later than 3:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second Business Day next preceding the first day of any proposed Special Dividend Period, the Fund will deliver to the Auction Agent, who will promptly deliver to the Broker-Dealers and Existing Holders, either:
(a) a notice stating (i) that the Fund has determined to designate the immediately succeeding Dividend Period as a Special Dividend Period, specifying the first and last days thereof and (ii) the terms of the Specific Redemption Provisions, if any; or
(b) a notice stating that the Fund has determined not to exercise its option to designate a Special Dividend Period.
If the Fund fails to deliver either such notice with respect to any designation of any proposed Special Dividend Period to the Auction Agent or is unable to make the confirmation described above by 3:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second Business Day next preceding the first day of such proposed Special Dividend Period, the Fund will be deemed to have delivered a notice to the Auction Agent with respect to such Dividend Period to the effect set forth in clause (b) above, thereby resulting in a Standard Dividend Period.
Default Period. A Default Period with respect to the Outstanding ARS will commence on any date upon which the Fund fails to deposit irrevocably in trust in same-day funds with the Paying Agent by 12:00 noon, New York City time, on the Business Day immediately preceding the relevant Dividend Payment Date or Redemption Date (or such later date as the Paying Agent may authorize), as the case may be, (i) the full amount of any declared dividend on the Outstanding ARS payable on such Dividend Payment Date (a Dividend Default) or (ii) the full amount of any redemption price (the Redemption Price) payable on the ARS being redeemed on such Redemption Date (a Redemption Default and, together with a Dividend Default, a Default).
The Fund will pay a late charge to those holders of the ARS to which a dividend or redemption payment was not made in respect of the preceding period. Such late charge will be equal to 200% of the reference rate for each day (up to a maximum of three days) following the dividend or redemption payment date for which the Fund has not cured its failure to make such dividend or redemption payment.
A Default Period with respect to a Dividend Default or a Redemption Default will end by 12:00 noon, New York City time, on the Business Day on which all unpaid dividends and distributions and any unpaid Redemption Price will have been deposited irrevocably in trust in same-day funds with the Paying Agent.
In the case of a Dividend Default, no Auction will be held during a Default Period applicable to the ARS , and the dividend rate for each Dividend Period commencing during a Default Period will be equal to the Default Rate.
Each subsequent Dividend Period commencing after the beginning of a Default Period will be a Standard Dividend Period; provided, however, that the commencement of a Default Period will not by itself cause the commencement of a new Dividend Period. No Auction will be held during a Default Period applicable to such Series; provided, however, that if a Default Period shall end prior to the end of Standard Dividend Period that had commenced during the Default Period, an Auction shall be held on the last day of such Standard Dividend Period.
In the event the Fund fully pays all default amounts due during a Dividend Period, the dividend rate for the remainder of that Dividend Period will be the Maximum Rate.
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No Default Period with respect to a Dividend Default or Redemption Default will be deemed to commence if the amount of any dividend and distribution or any Redemption Price due (if such Default is not solely due to the willful failure of the Fund) is deposited irrevocably in trust, in same-day funds with the Paying Agent by 12:00 noon, New York City time, within three Business Days after the applicable Dividend Payment Date or Redemption Date, together with an amount equal to the Default Rate applied to the amount of such non-payment based on the actual number of days comprising such period divided by 360. The Default Rate will be equal to the Reference Rate multiplied by five and one half (5.5).
Restrictions on Dividends, Redemption and Other Payments
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not (i) declare any dividend and distribution (except a dividend payable in shares of the issuer) or other distributions upon any of its outstanding Common Shares, or purchase any such Common Shares, if at the time of the declaration, distribution or purchase, as applicable (and after giving effect thereto), asset coverage with respect to the Funds outstanding senior securities representing stock, including the Series D Preferred or the ARS, would be less than 200% (or such higher percentage as may in the future be specified in or under the 1940 Act as the minimum asset coverage for senior securities representing indebtedness of a closed-end investment company as a condition of declaring distributions, purchases or redemptions of its capital shares), or (ii) declare any dividend and distribution (except a dividend payable in shares of the issuer) or other distributions upon any of its outstanding capital shares, including the Series D Preferred or the ARS, or purchase any such capital shares if, at the time of such declaration, distribution or purchase, as applicable (and after giving effect thereto), asset coverage with respect to the senior securities representing indebtedness would be less than 300% (or such other percentage as may in the future be specified in or under the 1940 Act as the minimum asset coverage for senior securities representing stock of a closed-end investment company as a condition of declaring dividends and distributions on its Preferred Shares), except that dividends and distributions may be declared upon any Preferred Shares, including the Series D Preferred or the ARS, if, at the time of such declaration (and after giving effect thereto), asset coverage with respect to the senior securities representing indebtedness would be equal to or greater than 200% (or such other percentage as may in the future be specified in or under the 1940 Act as the minimum asset coverage for senior securities representing stock of a closed-end investment company as a condition of declaring dividends and distributions on its Preferred Shares). A declaration of a dividend or other distribution on or purchase or redemption of Series D Preferred or ARS is prohibited, unless there is no event of default under indebtedness senior to the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS and, immediately after such transaction, the Fund would have Eligible Assets with an aggregated Discounted Value at least equal to the asset coverage requirements under indebtedness senior to its Preferred Shares (including the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS).
For so long as the Series D Preferred or any ARS are Outstanding, except as otherwise provided in the Statement of Preferences, the Fund will not pay any dividend or other distribution (other than a dividend or distribution paid in shares of, or options, warrants or rights to subscribe for or purchase, Common Shares or other shares, if any, ranking junior to the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS as to dividends and distributions or upon liquidation) with respect to Common Shares or any other shares of the Fund ranking junior to the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS as to dividends and distributions or upon liquidation, or call for redemption, redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire for consideration any Common Shares or other shares ranking junior to the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS (except by conversion into or exchange for shares of the Fund ranking junior to the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS as to dividends and distributions and upon liquidation), unless, in each case, (x) immediately after such transaction, the Fund would have Eligible Assets with an aggregate Discounted Value at least equal to the Basic Maintenance Amount applicable to, as the case may be, the Series D Preferred or the ARS and the 1940 Act Asset Coverage with respect to the Funds Outstanding Preferred Shares, including the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS, would be achieved, (y) all cumulative and unpaid dividends and distributions due on or prior to the date of the transaction have been declared and paid in full with respect to the Preferred Shares, including the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS (or will have been declared and sufficient funds for the full payment thereof will have been deposited with the Paying Agent or the dividend-disbursement agent, as applicable) and (z) the Fund has redeemed the full number of Preferred Shares to be redeemed pursuant to any provision for mandatory redemption contained in the Statements of Preferences, including any Series D Preferred and/or ARS required or determined to be redeemed pursuant to any such provision.
No full dividend and distribution will be declared or paid on the Series D Preferred or the ARS for any Dividend Period or part thereof, unless full cumulative dividends and distributions due through the most recent Dividend Payment
36
Dates of the Outstanding Preferred Shares (including the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS) have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid. If full cumulative dividends and distributions due have not been paid on all such Preferred Shares, any dividends and distributions being paid on such Preferred Shares (including the Series D Preferred and/or the ARS) will be paid as nearly pro rata as possible in proportion to the respective amounts of dividends and distributions accumulated but unpaid on each such series of Preferred Shares on the relevant Dividend Payment Date.
37
MOODYS AND S&P GUIDELINES
The descriptions of the Moodys and S&P Guidelines contained in this SAI do not purport to be complete and are subject to and qualified in their entireties by reference to the applicable Statement of Preferences. Copies of the Statements of Preferences are filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which the Prospectus and this SAI are a part and may be inspected, and copies thereof may be obtained, as described under Additional Information in the Prospectus.
The composition of the Funds portfolio reflects guidelines (referred to herein as the Rating Agency Guidelines) established by Moodys and S&P, each a Rating Agency, in connection with the Funds receipt of a rating of Aaa from Moodys and AAA from S&P, respectively, for the Series E ARS and a rating of Aaa from Moodys for the Series D Preferred Shares. These Rating Agency Guidelines relate, among other things, to industry and credit quality characteristics of issuers and diversification requirements and specify various Discount Factors for different types of securities (with the level of discount greater as the rating of a security becomes lower). Under the Rating Agency Guidelines, certain types of securities in which the Fund may otherwise invest consistent with its investment strategy are not eligible for inclusion in the calculation of the Discounted Value of the Funds portfolio. Such instruments include, for example, private placements (other than Rule 144A Securities) and other securities not within the Rating Agency Guidelines. Accordingly, although the Fund reserves the right to invest in such securities to the extent set forth herein, such securities have not and it is anticipated that they will not constitute a significant portion of the Funds portfolio.
The Rating Agency Guidelines require that the
Fund maintain assets having an aggregate Discounted Value, determined on the
basis of such guidelines, greater than the aggregate liquidation preference of
the Outstanding Series D Preferred Shares,
Series E ARS
and other Preferred Shares plus specified liabilities, payment obligations and
other amounts, as of periodic Valuation Dates.
The Rating Agency Guidelines also require the Fund to maintain asset
coverage for the Outstanding Series D Preferred Shares,
Series E ARS and
other Preferred Shares on a non-discounted basis of at least 200% as of the end
of each month, and the 1940 Act requires this asset coverage as a condition to
paying dividends or other distributions on its Common Shares. See Description of the Series D Preferred
and Series
E Auction Rate Preferred Requirements
in the Prospectus. The effect of
compliance with the Rating Agency Guidelines may be to cause the Fund to invest
in higher quality assets and/or to maintain relatively substantial balances of
highly liquid assets or to restrict the Funds ability to make certain
investments that would otherwise be deemed potentially desirable by the
Investment Adviser, including private placements of other than Rule 144A
Securities (as defined herein). The
Rating Agency Guidelines are subject to change from time to time with the
consent of the relevant Rating Agency and will apply to the Series D Preferred Shares or the Series E ARS only so
long as the relevant Rating Agency is rating such shares at the request of the
Fund. If in the future the Fund elected
to issue senior securities rated by a rating agency other than Moodys or
S&P, other similar arrangements might apply with respect to those
securities.
The Fund intends to maintain, at specified times, a Discounted Value for its portfolio at least equal to the amount specified by each Rating Agency (the Basic Maintenance Amount), the determination of which is as set forth under Description of the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred Requirements in the Prospectus. Moodys and S&P have each established separate guidelines for determining Discounted Value. To the extent any particular portfolio holding does not satisfy the applicable Rating Agencys Guidelines, all or a portion of such holdings value will not be included in the calculation of Discounted Value (as defined by such Rating Agency). Upon any failure to maintain the required Discounted Value, the Fund may seek to alter the composition of its portfolio to reestablish required asset coverage within the specified ten Business Day cure period, thereby incurring additional transaction costs and possible losses and/or gains on dispositions of portfolio securities.
The Rating Agency Guidelines do not impose any limitations on the percentage of Fund assets that may be invested in holdings not eligible for inclusion in the calculation of the Discounted Value of the Funds portfolio. The amount of such assets included in the portfolio at any time may vary depending upon the rating, diversification and other characteristics of the assets included in the portfolio which are eligible for inclusion in the Discounted Value of the portfolio under the Rating Agency Guidelines.
38
A rating of preferred shares as Aaa (as described by Moodys) or AAA (as described by S&P) indicates strong asset protection, conservative balance sheet ratios and positive indications of continued protection of preferred dividend requirements. A Moodys or S&P credit rating of preferred shares does not address the likelihood that a resale mechanism (such as the Auction) will be successful. As described respectively by Moodys and S&P, an issue of preferred shares which is rated Aaa or AAA is considered to be top-quality preferred shares with good asset protection and the least risk of dividend impairment within the universe of preferred shares.
The Fund will pay certain fees to Moodys and S&P for rating, as the case may be, the Series D Preferred Shares and/or the Series E ARS. Such ratings may be subject to revision or withdrawal by the assigning Rating Agency at any time. Any rating of the Series D Preferred or the ARS should be evaluated independently of any other rating. Ratings are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell Series D Preferred or ARS, inasmuch as the rating does not comment as to market price or suitability for a particular investor. The rating is based on current information furnished to Moodys and S&P by the Fund and obtained by Moodys and S&P from other sources. The rating may be changed, suspended or withdrawn as a result of changes in, or unavailability of, such information. The Fund has no current intention to file a voluntary application for relief under federal bankruptcy law or any similar application under state law for so long as the Fund is solvent and does not foresee becoming insolvent.
Moodys Guidelines
Under the Moodys guidelines, the Fund is required to maintain specified discounted asset values for its portfolio representing the Preferred Basic Maintenance Amount. To the extent any particular portfolio holding does not meet the applicable guidelines, it is not included for purposes of calculating the Discounted Value of the Funds portfolio.
The following Discount Factors apply to portfolio holdings as described below, subject to diversification, issuer size and other requirements, in order to constitute Moodys Eligible Assets includable within the calculation of Discounted Value:
Type of Moodys Eligible Asset*: |
|
Moodys |
|
||||
U.S. Treasury Securities with final maturities that are less than or equal to 60 days |
|
1.00 |
|
||||
Demand or time deposits, certificates of deposit and bankers acceptances includible in Short Term Money Market Instruments |
|
1.00 |
|
||||
Commercial paper rated P-1 by Moodys maturing in 30 days or less |
|
1.00 |
|
||||
Commercial paper rated P-1 by Moodys maturing in more than 30 days but in 270 days or less |
|
1.15 |
|
||||
Commercial paper rated A-1+ by S&P maturing in 270 days or less |
|
1.25 |
|
||||
Repurchase obligations includible in Short Term Money Market Instruments if term is less than 30 days and counterparty is rated at least A2 |
|
1.00 |
|
||||
Other repurchase obligations |
|
Discount Factor applicable to underlying assets |
|
||||
U.S. Common Stocks and Common Stocks of foreign issuers for which ADRs are traded: |
|
|
|
||||
Large Cap Stocks (Market Capitalization in excess of $10 billion) |
|
2.00 |
|
||||
Mid Cap Stocks (Market Capitalization in between $2 billion and $10 billion) |
|
2.05 |
|
||||
Small Cap Stocks (Market Capitalization less than $2 billion) |
|
2.20 |
|
||||
Common Stocks of foreign issuers (in existence for at least five years) for which no ADRs are traded |
|
4.00 |
|
||||
39
Type of Moodys Eligible Asset*: |
|
Moodys |
|
Convertible Preferred Stocks and Convertible Corporate Debt Securities having a delta range of: |
|
|
|
.8-.4 (investment grade) |
|
1.92 |
|
.8-.4 (below investment grade) |
|
2.26 |
|
1-.8 (investment grade) |
|
1.95 |
|
1-.8 (below investment grade) |
|
2.29 |
|
Convertible Preferred Stocks and Convertible Corporate Debt Securities that are unrated |
|
2.50 |
|
Preferred stocks: |
|
|
|
Auction rate preferred stocks |
|
3.50 |
|
Other preferred stock rated: |
|
|
|
Aaa |
|
1.50 |
|
Aa |
|
1.55 |
|
A |
|
1.60 |
|
Baa |
|
1.65 |
|
Ba |
|
1.96 |
|
B |
|
2.16 |
|
Less than B or not rated |
|
2.40 |
|
DRD Preferred (investment grade) |
|
1.65 |
|
DRD Preferred (below investment grade) |
|
2.16 |
|
U.S. Government Obligations (other than U.S. Treasury Securities Strips set forth below) with remaining terms to maturity of: |
|
|
|
1 year or less |
|
1.04 |
|
2 years or less |
|
1.09 |
|
3 years or less |
|
1.12 |
|
4 years or less |
|
1.15 |
|
5 years or less |
|
1.18 |
|
7 years or less |
|
1.21 |
|
10 years or less |
|
1.24 |
|
15 years or less |
|
1.25 |
|
20 years or less |
|
1.26 |
|
30 years or less |
|
1.26 |
|
U.S. Treasury Securities Strips with remaining terms to maturity of: |
|
|
|
1 year or less |
|
1.04 |
|
2 years or less |
|
1.10 |
|
3 years or less |
|
1.14 |
|
4 years or less |
|
1.18 |
|
5 years or less |
|
1.21 |
|
7 years or less |
|
1.27 |
|
10 years or less |
|
1.34 |
|
15 years or less |
|
1.45 |
|
20 years or less |
|
1.54 |
|
30 years or less |
|
1.66 |
|
Corporate Debt: |
|
|
|
Convertible corporate debt having a delta range of .4-0, and non-convertible corporate debt, rated at least Aa1 with remaining terms to maturity of: |
|
|
|
1 year or less |
|
1.09 |
|
2 years or less |
|
1.15 |
|
3 years or less |
|
1.20 |
|
4 years or less |
|
1.26 |
|
5 years or less |
|
1.32 |
|
7 years or less |
|
1.39 |
|
10 years or less |
|
1.45 |
|
40
Type of Moodys Eligible Asset*: |
|
Moodys |
|
15 years or less |
|
1.50 |
|
20 years or less |
|
1.50 |
|
30 years or less |
|
1.50 |
|
Greater than 30 years |
|
1.65 |
|
Convertible corporate debt having a delta range of .4-0, and non-convertible corporate debt, rated at least Aa3 with remaining terms to maturity of: |
|
|
|
1 year or less |
|
1.12 |
|
2 years or less |
|
1.18 |
|
3 years or less |
|
1.23 |
|
4 years or less |
|
1.29 |
|
5 years or less |
|
1.35 |
|
7 years or less |
|
1.43 |
|
10 years or less |
|
1.50 |
|
15 years or less |
|
1.55 |
|
20 years or less |
|
1.55 |
|
30 years or less |
|
1.55 |
|
Greater than 30 years |
|
1.73 |
|
Convertible corporate debt having a delta range of .4-0, and non-convertible corporate debt, rated at least A3 with remaining terms to maturity of: |
|
|
|
1 year or less |
|
1.15 |
|
2 years or less |
|
1.22 |
|
3 years or less |
|
1.27 |
|
4 years or less |
|
1.33 |
|
5 years or less |
|
1.39 |
|
7 years or less |
|
1.47 |
|
10 years or less |
|
1.55 |
|
15 years or less |
|
1.60 |
|
20 years or less |
|
1.60 |
|
30 years or less |
|
1.60 |
|
Greater than 30 years |
|
1.81 |
|
Convertible corporate debt having a delta range of .4-0, and non-convertible corporate debt, rated at least Baa3 with remaining terms of maturity of: |
|
|
|
1 year or less |
|
1.18 |
|
2 years or less |
|
1.25 |
|
3 years or less |
|
1.31 |
|
4 years or less |
|
1.38 |
|
5 years or less |
|
1.44 |
|
7 years or less |
|
1.52 |
|
10 years or less |
|
1.60 |
|
15 years or less |
|
1.65 |
|
20 years or less |
|
1.65 |
|
30 years or less |
|
1.65 |
|
Greater than 30 years |
|
1.89 |
|
Convertible corporate debt having a delta range of .4-0, and non-convertible corporate debt, rated at least Ba3 with remaining terms of maturity of: |
|
|
|
1 year or less |
|
1.37 |
|
2 years or less |
|
1.46 |
|
3 years or less |
|
1.53 |
|
4 years or less |
|
1.61 |
|
5 years or less |
|
1.68 |
|
7 years or less |
|
1.79 |
|
10 years or less |
|
1.89 |
|
15 years or less |
|
1.96 |
|
20 years or less |
|
1.96 |
|
41
Type of Moodys Eligible Asset*: |
|
Moodys |
|
30 years or less |
|
1.96 |
|
Greater than 30 years |
|
2.05 |
|
Convertible corporate debt having a delta range of .4-0, and non-convertible corporate debt, rated at least B1 and B2 with remaining terms of maturity of: |
|
|
|
1 year or less |
|
1.50 |
|
2 years or less |
|
1.60 |
|
3 years or less |
|
1.68 |
|
4 years or less |
|
1.76 |
|
5 years or less |
|
1.85 |
|
7 years or less |
|
1.97 |
|
10 years or less |
|
2.08 |
|
15 years or less |
|
2.16 |
|
20 years or less |
|
2.28 |
|
30 years or less |
|
2.29 |
|
Greater than 30 years |
|
2.40 |
|
* Discount Factors are for a seven-week exposure period; the Discount Factor applicable to Rule 144A securities shall be increased by 20%. Unless conclusions regarding liquidity risk and estimates of both the probability and severity of default for the Trusts assets can be derived from other sources, securities rated below B by Moodys and unrated securities, which are securities rated by neither Moodys, S&P nor Fitch, are limited to 10% of Moodys Eligible Assets. If a convertible corporate debt security is unrated by Moodys, S&P or Fitch, the Fund will use the percentage set forth under NR in this table. Ratings assigned by S&P or Fitch are generally accepted by Moodys at face value. However, adjustments to face value may be made to particular categories of credits for which the S&P and/or Fitch rating does not seem to approximate a Moodys rating equivalent. Securities with different ratings assigned by S&P and Fitch will be accepted at the lower of the two ratings.
Moodys Eligible Assets means:
(a) cash (including, for this purpose, receivables for investments sold to a counterparty whose senior debt securities are rated at least Baa3 by Moodys or a counterparty approved by Moodys and payable within five Business Days following such Valuation Date and dividends and interest receivable within 49 days on investments);
(b) Short-Term Money Market Instruments;
(c) commercial paper that is not includible as a Short-Term Money Market Instrument having on the Valuation Date a rating from Moodys of at least P-1 and maturing within 270 days;
(d) preferred stocks (i) which either (A) are issued by issuers whose senior debt securities are rated at least Baa1 by Moodys or (B) are rated at least Baa3 by Moodys or (C) in the event an issuers senior debt securities or preferred stock is not rated by Moodys, which either (1) are issued by an issuer whose senior debt securities are rated at least A- by S&P or (2) are rated at least A- by S&P and for this purpose have been assigned a Moodys equivalent rating of at least Baa3, (ii) of issuers which have (or, in the case of issuers which are special purpose corporations, whose parent companies have) common stock listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq National Market System, (iii) which have a minimum issue size (when taken together with other of the issuers issues of similar tenor) of $40,000,000, (iv) which have paid cash dividends consistently during the preceding three-year period (or, in the case of new issues without a dividend history, are rated at least A1 by Moodys or, if not rated by Moodys, are rated at least A+ by S&P), (v) which pay cumulative cash dividends in U.S. dollars, (vi) which are not convertible into any other class of stock and do not have warrants attached, (vii) which are not issued by issuers in the transportation industry and (viii) in the case of auction rate preferred stocks, which are rated at least Aa3 by Moodys, or if not rated by Moodys, AA- by S&P, AA- by Fitch or are otherwise approved in writing by Moodys and have never had a failed auction; provided, however, that for this purpose the aggregate Market Value of the Companys holdings of any single issue of auction rate preferred stock shall not be more than 1% of the Corporations total assets.
42
(e) common stocks (i) (A) which are traded on a nationally recognized stock exchange or in the over-the-counter market, (B) if cash dividend paying, pay cash dividends in U.S. dollars and (C) which may be sold without restriction by the Corporation; provided, however, that (y) common stock which, while a Moodys Eligible Asset owned by the Corporation, ceases paying any regular cash dividend will no longer be considered a Moodys Eligible Asset until 71 days after the date of the announcement of such cessation, unless the issuer of the common stock has senior debt securities rated at least A3 by Moodys and (z) the aggregate Market Value of the Corporations holdings of the common stock of any issuer in excess of 4% in the case of utility common stock and 6% in the case of non-utility common stock of the aggregate Market Value of the Corporations holdings shall not be Moodys Eligible Assets, (ii) which are securities denominated in any currency other than the U.S. dollar or securities of issuers formed under the laws of jurisdictions other than the United States, its states and the District of Columbia for which there are ADRs or their equivalents which are traded in the United States on exchanges or over-the-counter and are issued by banks formed under the laws of the United States, its states or the District of Columbia or (iii) which are securities of issuers formed under the laws of jurisdictions other than the United States (and in existence for at least five years) for which no ADRs are traded; provided, however, that the aggregate Market Value of the Corporations holdings of securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar and ADRs in excess of (A) 6% of the aggregate Market Value of the Outstanding shares of common stock of such issuer thereof or (B) in excess of 10% of the Market Value of the Corporations Moodys Eligible Assets with respect to issuers formed under the laws of any single such non-U.S. jurisdiction other than Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, shall not be a Moodys Eligible Asset;
(f) ADR securities, based on the following guidelines: (i) Sponsored ADR program or (ii) Level II or Level III ADRs. Private placement Rule 144A ADRs are not eligible for collateral consideration. Global GDR programs will be evaluated on a case by case basis;
(g) U.S. Government Obligations;
(h) corporate evidences of indebtedness (i) which may be sold without restriction by the Corporation which are rated at least B3 (Caa subordinate) by Moodys (or, in the event the security is not rated by Moodys, the security is rated at least B- by S&P and which for this purpose is assigned a Moodys equivalent rating of one full rating category lower), with such rating confirmed on each Valuation Date, (ii) which have a minimum issue size of at least (A) $100,000,000 if rated at least Baa3 or (B) $50,000,000 if rated B or Ba3, (iii) which are not convertible or exchangeable into equity of the issuing corporation and have a maturity of not more than 30 years and (iv) for which, if rated below Baa3 or not rated, the aggregate Market Value of the Companys holdings do not exceed 10% of the aggregate Market Value of any individual issue of corporate evidences of indebtedness calculated at the time of original issuance; and
(i) convertible corporate evidences of indebtedness (i) which are issued by issuers whose senior debt securities are rated at least B2 by Moodys (or, in the event an issuers senior debt securities are not rated by Moodys, which are issued by issuers whose senior debt securities are rated at least B by S&P and which for this purpose is assigned a Moodys equivalent rating of one full rating category lower), (ii) which are convertible into common stocks which are traded on the New York Stock Exchange or the American Stock Exchange or are quoted on the Nasdaq National Market System and (iii) which, if cash dividend paying, pay cash dividends in U.S. dollars; provided, however, that once convertible corporate evidences of indebtedness have been converted into common stock, the common stock issued upon conversion must satisfy the criteria set forth in clause (e) above and other relevant criteria set forth in this definition in order to be a Moodys Eligible Asset; provided, however, that the Corporations investments in auction rate preferred stocks described in clause (d) above shall be included in Moodys Eligible Assets only to the extent that the aggregate Market Value of such stocks does not exceed 10% of the aggregate Market Value of all of the Corporations investments meeting the criteria set forth in clauses (a) through (g) above less the aggregate Market Value of those investments excluded from Moodys Eligible Assets pursuant to the paragraph appearing after clause (i) below; and
(j) no assets which are subject to any lien or irrevocably deposited by the Corporation for the payment of amounts needed to meet the obligations described in clauses (a)(i) through (a)(iv) of the definition of Basic Maintenance Amount may be includible in Moodys Eligible Assets.
43
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding clauses (a)-(j), the Corporations investment in preferred stock, common stock, corporate evidences of indebtedness and convertible corporate evidences of indebtedness shall not be treated as Moodys Eligible Assets except to the extent they satisfy the following diversification requirements (utilizing Moodys Industry and Sub-industry Categories) with respect to the Market Value of the Corporations holdings:
Issuer:
Moodys Rating(1)(2) |
|
Non-Utility Maximum |
|
Utility Maximum |
|
||
Aaa |
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
Aa |
|
20 |
% |
|
20 |
% |
|
A |
|
10 |
% |
|
10 |
% |
|
CS/CB, Baa(5) |
|
6 |
% |
|
4 |
% |
|
Ba |
|
4 |
% |
|
4 |
% |
|
B1/B2 |
|
3 |
% |
|
3 |
% |
|
B3 or lower |
|
2 |
% |
|
2 |
% |
|
Industry and State:
Moodys Rating(1) |
|
Non-Utility |
|
Utility Maximum |
|
Utility Maximum |
|
|||
Aaa |
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
Aa |
|
60 |
% |
|
60 |
% |
|
20 |
% |
|
A |
|
40 |
% |
|
50 |
% |
|
10 |
%(7) |
|
CS/CB, Baa(5) |
|
20 |
% |
|
50 |
% |
|
7 |
%(7) |
|
Ba |
|
12 |
% |
|
12 |
% |
|
0 |
% |
|
B1/B2 |
|
8 |
% |
|
8 |
% |
|
0 |
% |
|
B3 or lower |
|
5 |
% |
|
5 |
% |
|
0 |
% |
|
(1) Unless conclusions regarding liquidity risk and estimates of both the probability and severity of default for the Corporations assets can be derived from other sources, securities rated below B by Moodys and unrated securities, which are securities rated by neither Moodys, S&P nor Fitch, are limited to 10% of Moodys Eligible Assets. If a corporate, municipal or other debt security is unrated by Moodys, S&P or Fitch, the Corporation will use the percentage set forth under B3 or lower in this table. Ratings assigned by S&P or Fitch are generally accepted by Moodys at face value. However, adjustments to face value may be made to particular categories of credits for which the S&P and/or Fitch rating does not seem to approximate a Moodys rating equivalent
(2) Corporate evidences of indebtedness from issues ranging from $50,000,000 to $100,000,000 are limited to 20% of Moodys Eligible Assets.
(3) The referenced percentages represent maximum cumulative totals only for the related Moodys rating category and each lower Moodys rating category.
(4) Issuers subject to common ownership of 25% or more are considered as one name.
(5) CS/CB refers to common stock and convertible corporate evidences of indebtedness, which are diversified independently from the rating level.
(6) In the case of utility common stock, utility preferred stock, utility evidences of indebtedness and utility convertible evidences of indebtedness, the definition of industry refers to sub-industries (electric, water, hydro power, gas, diversified). Investments in other sub-industries are eligible only to the extent that the
44
combined sum represents a percentage position of the Moodys Eligible Assets less than or equal to the percentage limits in the diversification tables above.
(7) Such percentage shall be 15% in the case of utilities regulated by California, New York and Texas.
Moodys Hedging Transactions means for so long as any Preferred Shares are rated by Moodys, the Fund may buy or sell financial futures contracts, write, purchase or sell call options on financial futures contracts or purchase put options on financial futures contracts or write call options on portfolio securities, swaps and securities lending unless it receives written confirmation from Moodys that engaging in such transactions would impair the ratings then assigned to the Preferred Shares by Moodys, (collectively Moodys Hedging Transactions), subject to the following limitations:
(i) Future and call options: For purposes of the Basic Maintenance Amount, futures held by the Fund and call options sold by the Fund shall not be included as Moodys Eligible Assets. However, such assets shall be valued at Market Value by subtracting the good faith margin and the maximum daily trading variance as of a Valuation Date. For call options purchased by the Fund, the Market Value of the call option will be included as a Moodys Eligible Asset subject to a Moodys Discount Factor mutually agreed to between the Fund and Moodys based on the characteristics of the option contract such as its maturity and the underlying security of the contract.
(ii) Securities lending: The Fund may engage in securities lending in an amount not to exceed 10% of the Funds total gross assets (provided term and conditions of the securities lending program are disclosed in advance to Moodys, if Moodys is rating the preferred shares). For purposes of calculating the Basic Maintenance Amount, such securities lent shall be included as Moodys Eligible Assets with the appropriate Moodys Discount Factor applied to such lent security. The obligation to return such collateral shall not be included as an obligation/liability for purposes of calculating the Basic Maintenance Amount. However, the Fund may reinvest cash collateral for securities lent in conformity with its investment objectives and policies and the provisions of these bylaws. In such event, to the extent that securities lending collateral received is invested by the Fund in assets that otherwise would be Moodys Eligible Assets and the value of such assets exceeds the amount of the Funds Moodys Eligible Assets by applying the applicable Moodys Discount Factor to this amount and adding the product to total Moodys Eligible Assets. Conversely, if the value of assets in which securities lending collateral has been invested is less then the amount of the Funds obligation to return the collateral on a Valuation Date, such difference shall be included as an obligation/liability of the Fund for purposes of calculating the Basic Maintenance Amount. Collateral received by the Fund in a securities lending transaction and maintained by the Fund in the form received shall not be included as a Moodys Eligible Asset for purposes of calculating the Basic Maintenance Amount.
(iii) Swaps (including Total Return Swaps and Interest Rate Swaps): Total return and Interest Rate Swaps are subject to the following provisions:
(A) Only the cumulative unsettled profit and loss from a Total Return Swap transaction will be calculated when determining the Basic Maintenance Amount. If the Fund has an outstanding gain from a swap transaction on a Valuation Date, the gain will be included as a Moodys Eligible Asset subject to the Moodys Discount Factor on the counterparty to the swap transaction. If the Fund has an outstanding liability from a swap transaction on a Valuation Date, the Fund will subtract the outstanding liability from the total Moodys Eligible Assets in calculating the Basic Maintenance Amount.
In addition, for swaps other than Total Return Swaps, the Market Value of the position (positive or negative) will be included as a Moodys Eligible Asset. The aggregate notional value of all swaps will not exceed the Liquidation Preference of the Outstanding Preferred Shares. At the time a swap is executed, the Fund will only enter into swap transactions where the counterparty has at least a S&P or Fitch rating of A- or Moodys long-term rating of A3.
(B) (1) The underlying securities subject to a Credit Default Swap sold by the Fund will be subject to the applicable Moodys Discount Factor for each security subject to the swap;
(2) If the Fund purchases a Credit Default Swap and holds the underlying security, the Market Value of the Credit Default Swap and the underlying security will be included as a Moodys Eligible Asset subject to the Moodys Discount Factor assessed based on the counterparty risk and the duration of the swap agreement; and
45
If not otherwise provided for in (a)(i)-(iii) above, derivative instruments shall be treated as follows: Any derivative instruments will be valued pursuant to the Funds valuation procedures on a Valuation Date. The amount of the net payment obligation and the cost of a closing transaction, as appropriate, on any derivative instrument on a Valuation Date will be counted as a liability for purposes of determining the Basic Maintenance Amount (e.g., written call option that is in the money for the holder). Any derivative instrument with respect to which the Fund is owed payment on the Valuation Date that is not based upon an individual security or securities that are Moodys Eligible Assets will have a mutually agreed upon valuation by Moodys and the Fund for purposes of determining Moodys Eligible Assets. Any derivative instrument with respect to which the Fund is owed payment on the valuation date that is based upon an individual security or securities that are Moodys Eligible Assets (e.g., a purchased call option on a bond that is in the money) will be valued as follows for purposes of determining Moodys Eligible Assets: (A) For such derivative instruments that are exchange traded, the value of the in-the-money amount of the payment obligation to the Fund will be reduced by applying the Moodys Discount Factor (as it would apply to the underlying security or securities) and then added to Moodys Eligible Assets; and (B) for such derivative instruments that are not exchange traded, the value of the in-the-money amount of the payment obligation to the Fund will be (1) reduced as described in (A) and (B) further reduced by applying to the remaining amount the Moodys Discount Factor determined by reference to the credit rating of the derivative counterparty with the remaining amount after these reductions then added to Moodys Eligible Assets.
For purposes of determining whether the Fund has Moodys Eligible Assets with an aggregate Discounted Value that equals or exceeds the Basic Maintenance Amount, the Discounted Value of all Forward Commitments to which the Fund is a party and of all securities deliverable to the Fund pursuant to such Forward Commitments shall be zero.
S&P Guidelines
Under the S&P guidelines, the Fund is required to maintain specified discounted asset values for its portfolio representing the ARS Basic Maintenance Amount (as defined below). To the extent any particular portfolio holding does not meet the applicable guidelines, it is not included for purposes of calculating the Discounted Value of the Funds portfolio.
The following Discount Factors apply to portfolio holdings as described below in order to constitute S&P Eligible Assets includable within the calculation of Discounted Value:
Asset Class Obligor |
|
Overcollateralization |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public Equity Small-Cap |
|
217.40 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public Equity Mid-Cap |
|
186.60 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Public Equity Large-Cap |
|
167.60 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible Equity Securities |
|
150.90 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed Rate Preferred Stock |
|
245.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjustable Rate Preferred Stock |
|
216.75 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxable Preferred Stock (non-DRD) |
|
164.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
DRD Eligible Preferred Stock with a senior or preferred stock rating of at least BBB- |
|
245.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
REIT and Non-DRD Eligible Preferred Stock with a senior or preferred stock rating of at least BBB- |
|
164.00 |
% |
|
46
DRD Eligible Preferred Stock with a senior or preferred stock rating below BBB- |
|
250.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
REIT and non-DRD Eligible Preferred Stock with a senior or preferred stock rating below BBB- |
|
169.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Un-rated DRD Eligible Preferred Stock |
|
255.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Un-rated Non-DRD Eligible and un-rated REIT Preferred Stock |
|
174.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Convertible bonds rated AAA |
|
150.90 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Convertible bonds rated AA |
|
157.58 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Convertible bonds rated A |
|
164.25 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Convertible bonds rated BBB |
|
170.92 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Convertible bonds rated BB |
|
177.60 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Convertible bonds rated B |
|
184.27 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Convertible bonds rated CCC |
|
190.94 |
% |
|
|
|
|
U.S. Short-Term Money Market Investments with maturities of 180 days or less |
|
104.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
U.S. Short-Term Money Market Investments with maturities of between 181 and 360 days |
|
113.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
U.S. Government Securities (52 week Treasury Bills) |
|
102.23 |
% |
|
|
|
|
U.S. Government Securities (Two-Year Treasury Notes) |
|
104.23 |
% |
|
|
|
|
U.S. Government Securities (Five-Year Treasury Notes) |
|
110.27 |
% |
|
|
|
|
U.S. Government Securities (Ten-Year Treasury Notes) |
|
117.23 |
% |
|
|
|
|
U.S. Government Securities (Thirty-Year Treasury Bonds) |
|
130.38 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Agency Mortgage Collateral (Fixed 15-Year) |
|
132.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Agency Mortgage Collateral (Fixed 30-Year) |
|
135.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Agency Mortgage Collateral (ARM 1/1) |
|
124.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Agency Mortgage Collateral (ARM 3/1) |
|
125.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Agency Mortgage Collateral (ARM 5/1) |
|
125.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Agency Mortgage Collateral (ARM 10/1) |
|
125.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Mortgage Pass-Through Fixed (15 Year) |
|
134.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Mortgage Pass-Through Fixed (30 Year) |
|
137.00 |
% |
47
Corporate Bonds rated at least AAA |
|
110.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least AA+ |
|
111.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least AA |
|
113.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least AA- |
|
115.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least A+ |
|
116.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least A |
|
117.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least A- |
|
118.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least BBB+ |
|
120.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least BBB |
|
122.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least BBB- |
|
124.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least BB+ |
|
129.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least BB |
|
135.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least BB- |
|
142.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least B+ |
|
156.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least B |
|
169.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least B- |
|
184.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least CCC+ |
|
202.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least CCC |
|
252.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Corporate Bonds rated at least CCC- |
|
350.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Master Limited Partnerships |
|
625.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Cash and Other Deposit Securities with Maturities of 30 days or less |
|
100.00 |
% |
(1) For an S&P rating of AAA.
S&P Eligible Assets means:
(a) Deposit Assets; and
(b) common stocks that satisfy all of the following conditions:
(i) such common stock (including the common stock of any predecessor or constituent issuer) has been traded on a recognized national securities exchange or quoted on the National Market System (or any equivalent or successor thereto) of Nasdaq for at least 450 days,
(ii) the Market Capitalization of such issuer of common stock exceeds $100 million,
48
(iii) the issuer of such common stock is not an entity that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes,
(iv) if such issuer is organized under the laws of any jurisdiction other than the United States, any state thereof, any possession or territory thereof or the District of Columbia, the common stock of such issuer held by the Corporation is traded on a recognized national securities exchange or quoted on the National Market System of Nasdaq either directly or in the form of depository receipts and
(v) if such issuer is registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act, such issuer does not invest more than 25% of the value of its gross assets in securities that are not S&P Eligible Assets by reason of clause (iv) above;
provided, however, that the Corporations holdings of the common stock of any single issuer that satisfies the conditions set forth in clauses (i) through (v) above shall be included in S&P Eligible Assets only to the extent that:
(1) such holdings may be sold publicly by the Corporation at any time without registration,
(2) to the extent remaining eligible after the operation of item (1) above, such holdings do not exceed a number of shares representing the average weekly trading volume of such common stock during the preceding 30 day period, and
(3) to the extent remaining eligible after the operation of items (1) and (2) above, the aggregate Market Value of such holdings, when added to the aggregate Market Value of the Corporations holdings of all other similarly eligible shares of common stock of issuers in the same Industry Classification, does not exceed 10% of the aggregate Market Value of the Corporations S&P Eligible Assets.
(c) Preferred Stocks, on such basis as S&P may determine in response to a request from the Corporation.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, an asset will not be considered an S&P Eligible Asset if it is held in a margin account, is subject to any material lien, mortgage, pledge, security interest or security agreement of any kind or has been deposited irrevocably for the payment of dividends, redemption payments or any other payment or obligation under the Funds's Statement of Preferences.
In addition, so long as any ARS are Outstanding and S&P is rating such ARS at the Funds request, the Fund will not, unless it has received written confirmation that any such transaction would not impair the rating then assigned by S&P to the ARS, engage in any one or more of the following transactions:
(a) purchase or sell futures contracts; write, purchase or sell options on futures contracts; or write put options (except covered put options) or call options (except covered call options) on securities owned by the Fund, enter into Swap, Cap or floor agreements (collectively, S&P Hedging Transactions), except subject to the following limitations:
(i) for each net long or short position in S&P Hedging Transactions, the Fund will maintain in a segregated account with the Funds custodian an amount of cash or readily marketable securities having a value, when added to any amounts on deposit with the Funds futures commission merchants or brokers as margin or premium for such position, at least equal to the market value of the Funds potential obligations on such position,
49
marked-to-market on a daily basis, in each case as and to the extent required by the applicable rules or orders of the SEC or by interpretations of the SECs staff;
(ii) the Fund will not engage in any S&P Hedging Transaction which would cause the Fund at the time of such transaction to own or have sold the lesser of (A) outstanding futures contracts, in aggregate, based on the Standard & Poors 500 Index, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the Russell 2000 Index, the Wilshire 5000 Index, the Nasdaq Composite Index and the New York Stock Exchange Composite Index (or any component of any of the forgoing) exceeding in number 50% of the market value of the Funds total assets or (B) outstanding futures contracts based on any of the aforementioned indices exceeding in number 10% of the average number of daily traded futures contracts based on such index in the 30 days preceding the time of effecting such transaction as reported by The Wall Street Journal;
(iii) the Fund will engage in closing transactions to close out any outstanding futures contract which the Fund owns or has sold or any outstanding option thereon owned by the Fund in the event (A) the Fund does not have S&P Eligible Assets with an aggregate Discounted Value equal to or greater than the ARS Basic Maintenance Amount on two consecutive Valuation Dates and (B) the Fund is required to pay variation margin on the second such Valuation Date;
(iv) the Fund will engage in a closing transaction to close out any outstanding futures contract or option thereon at least one week prior to the delivery date under the terms of the futures contract or option thereon unless the corporation holds the securities deliverable under such terms; and
(v) when the Fund writes a futures contract or option thereon, either the amount of margin posted by the Fund (in the case of a futures contract) or the marked-to-market value of the Funds obligation (in the case of a put option written by the Fund) shall be treated as a liability of the Fund for purposes of calculating the ARS Basic Maintenance Amount, or, in the event the Fund writes a futures contract or option thereon which requires delivery of an underlying security and the Fund does not wish to treat its obligations with respect thereto as a liability for purposes of calculating the ARS Basic Maintenance Amount, it shall hold such underlying security in its portfolio and shall not include such security to the extent of such contract or option as an S&P Eligible Asset.
(b) borrow money, except for the purpose of clearing securities transactions if (i) the ARS Basic Maintenance Amount would continue to be satisfied after giving effect to such borrowing and (ii) such borrowing (A) is privately arranged with a bank or other person and is not intended to be publicly distributed or (B) is for temporary purposes, and is in an amount not exceeding 5 percent of the market value of the total assets of the Fund at the time of the borrowing; for purposes of the foregoing, temporary purposes means that the borrowing is to be repaid within sixty days and is not to be extended or renewed;
(c) engage in any short sales of equity securities (other than short sales against the box) unless the Fund maintains in a segregated account with the Funds custodian an amount of cash or other readily marketable securities having a market value, when added to any amounts on deposit with the Funds broker as collateral for its obligation to replace the securities borrowed and sold short, at least equal to the current market value of securities sold short, marked-to-market on a daily basis;
(d) utilize any pricing service other than FT Interactive Data, Reuters, Telekurs, Bloomberg Financial Markets, J.J. Kenney Pricing Service, Merrill Lynch Securities Pricing Service or Bridge Data Corp., and any pricing service then permitted by S&P; or
50
(e) enter into any reverse repurchase agreement, other than with a counterparty that is rated at least A-1+ by S&P;
(f) enter into any interest rate swap agreements, unless:
(i) The counterparty to the swap transaction has a short-term rating of A-1 or, if the counterparty does not have a short-term rating, the counterpartys senior unsecured long-term debt rating is A- or higher;
(ii) The interest rate swap transaction will be marked-to-market weekly by the swap counterparty;
(iii) Provision is made for the agreement to terminate immediately in the event the Fund fails to maintain an aggregate discounted value at least equal to the basic maintenance amount on two consecutive valuation dates;
(iv) For the purpose of calculating the asset coverage test 90% of any positive mark-to-market valuation of the Funds rights will be eligible assets and 100% of any negative mark-to-market valuation of the Funds rights will be included in the calculation of the basic maintenance amount; and
(v) The Fund maintains liquid assets with a value at least equal to the net amount of the excess, if any, of the Funds obligations over its entitlement with respect to each swap and at least equal to the Funds obligations with respect to any caps or floors.
51
NET ASSET VALUE
Portfolio Valuation. The net asset value of the Funds common shares will be computed based on the market value of the assets it holds and will generally be determined daily as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE.
Portfolio securities listed or traded on a nationally recognized securities exchange or traded in the U.S. over-the-counter market for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the last quoted sale price or a markets official closing price as of the close of business on the day the securities are being valued. If there were no sales that day, the security is valued at the average of the closing bid and asked prices, or, if there were no asked prices quoted on such day, the security is valued at the most recently available bid price on that day. If no bid or asked prices are quoted on such day, the security is valued at the most recently available price or, if the Board of Trustees so determines, by such other method as the Board of Trustees shall determine in good faith, to reflect its fair market value. Portfolio securities traded on more than one national securities exchange or market are valued according to the broadest and most representative market, as determined by the Adviser.
Portfolio securities primarily traded on foreign markets are generally valued at the preceding closing values of such securities on their respective exchanges or if after the close of the foreign markets, but prior to the close of business on the day the securities are being valued, market conditions change significantly, certain foreign securities may be fair valued pursuant to procedures established by the Board of Trustees. Debt instruments with remaining maturities of 60 days or less that are not credit impaired are valued at amortized cost, unless the Board of Trustees determines such does not reflect fair value, in which case these securities will be valued at their fair value as determined by the Board of Trustees. Debt instruments having a maturity greater than 60 days for which market quotations are readily available are valued at the average of the latest bid and asked prices. If there were no asked prices quoted on such day, the security is valued using the closing bid price. Futures contracts are valued at the closing settlement price of the exchange or board of trade on which the applicable contract is traded.
Securities and assets for which market quotations are not readily available are valued at their fair value as determined in good faith under procedures established by and under the general supervision of the Board of Trustees. Fair valuation methodologies and procedures may include, but are not limited to: analysis and review of available financial and non-financial information about the company; comparisons to the valuation and changes in valuation of similar securities, including a comparison of foreign securities to the equivalent U.S. dollar value ADR securities at the close of the U.S. exchange; and evaluation of any other information that could be indicative of the value of the security.
The Funds obtain valuations on the basis of prices provided by a pricing service approved by the Board of Trustees. All other investment assets, including restricted and not readily marketable securities, are valued in good faith at fair value under procedures established by and under the general supervision and responsibility of the Trusts Board of Trustees.
In addition, whenever developments in one or more securities markets after the close of the principal markets for one or more portfolio securities and before the time as of which the Funds determine their net asset value would, if such developments had been reflected in such principal markets, likely have more than a minimal effect on a Funds net asset value per share, such Fund may fair value such portfolio securities based on available market information as of the time each Fund determines its net asset value.
52
BENEFICIAL OWNERS
Principal Shareholders and Ownership by Trustees
Set forth below is information as of December 31, 2004 with respect to the beneficial ownership of our Common Shares by (i) each person who is known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent of the outstanding Common Shares (ii) each of our interested and non-interested Trustees (iii) all of our interested and non-interested Trustees as a group. Except as otherwise indicated, to our knowledge, all shares are beneficially owned and investment and voting power is held by the persons named as owners. At this time, we are unaware of any shareholder owning 5 percent or more of the outstanding Common Shares. Unless otherwise provided, the address of each holder is Gabelli Funds, LLC, One Corporate Center, Rye, NY, 10580-1422.
Set forth in the table below is the amount of shares beneficially owned by each Trustee and Officer of the Trust.
|
|
Amount and Nature of |
|
Percent of |
|
Name of Trustee |
|
Beneficial Ownership(1) |
|
Shares Outstanding(2) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interested Trustees: |
|
|
|
|
|
Mario J. Gabelli |
|
2,625,805 |
(3) |
3.1 |
% |
Karl Otto Pöhl |
|
0 |
|
* |
|
Salvatore M. Salibello |
|
0 |
|
* |
|
Edward T. Tokar |
|
0 |
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-Interested Trustees: |
|
|
|
|
|
Anthony J. Colavita |
|
1,500 |
(4) |
* |
|
James P. Conn |
|
5,000 |
|
* |
|
Mario dUrso |
|
0 |
|
* |
|
Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr |
|
0 |
|
* |
|
Michael J. Melarkey |
|
2,091 |
|
* |
|
Anthonie C. van Ekris |
|
9,500 |
|
* |
|
Salvatore J. Zizza |
|
4,000 |
(5) |
* |
|
All trustees and executive |
|
2,647,896 |
|
3.1 |
% |
5% Shareholders:
None..................................................
(1) This information has been furnished by each Trustee as of December 31, 2004. Beneficial Ownership is determined in accordance with Section 16a-1(a)(2) of the 1934 Act.
(2) An asterisk indicates that the ownership amount constitutes less than 1% of the total shares outstanding.
(3) Includes 2,625,805 shares owned by affiliates of the Adviser for which Mr. Gabelli disclaims beneficial ownership.
(4) Includes 500 shares owned by Mr. Colavitas spouse and 1,000 shares owned by Mr. Colavitas son.
(5) Includes 3,000 shares owned by Mr. Zizzas sons.
(6) As of December 31, 2004, the Trustees and Officers of the Fund as a group beneficially owned approximately 3.1% of the Fund's outstanding Common Shares.
53
GENERAL INFORMATION
Book-Entry-Only Issuance
DTC will act as securities depository for the shares of Series D Preferred and/or ARS offered pursuant to the Prospectus. The information in this section concerning DTC and DTCs book-entry system is based upon information obtained from DTC. The securities offered hereby initially will be issued only as fully-registered securities registered in the name of Cede & Co. (as nominee for DTC). One or more fully-registered global security certificates initially will be issued, representing in the aggregate the total number of securities, and deposited with DTC.
DTC is a limited-purpose trust company organized under the New York Banking Law, a banking organization within the meaning of the New York Banking Law, a member of the Federal Reserve System, a clearing corporation within the meaning of the New York Uniform Commercial Code and a clearing agency registered pursuant to the provisions of Section 17A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. DTC holds securities that its participants deposit with DTC. DTC also facilities the settlement among participants of securities transactions, such as transfers and pledges, in deposited securities through electronic computerized book-entry changes in participants accounts, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. Direct DTC participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as securities brokers and dealers, banks and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a direct participant, either directly or indirectly through other entities.
Purchases of securities within the DTC system must be made by or through direct participants, which will receive a credit for the securities on DTCs records. The ownership interest of each actual purchaser of a security, a beneficial owner, is in turn to be recorded on the direct or indirect participants records. Beneficial owners will not receive written confirmation from DTC of their purchases, but beneficial owners are expected to receive written confirmations providing details of the transactions, and periodic statements of their holdings, from the direct or indirect participants through which the beneficial owners purchased securities. Transfers of ownership interests in securities are to be accomplished by entries made on the books of participants acting on behalf of beneficial owners. Beneficial owners will not receive certificates representing their ownership interests in securities, except as provided herein.
DTC has no knowledge of the actual beneficial owners of the securities being offered pursuant to this Prospectus; DTCs records reflect only the identity of the direct participants to whose accounts such securities are credited, which may or may not be the beneficial owners. The participants will remain responsible for keeping account of their holdings on behalf of their customers.
Conveyance of notices and other communications by DTC to direct participants, by direct participants to indirect participants, and by direct participants and indirect participants to beneficial owners will be governed by arrangements among them, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time.
Payments on the securities will be made to DTC. DTCs practice is to credit direct participants accounts on the relevant payment date in accordance with their respective holdings shown on DTCs records unless DTC has reason to believe that it will not receive payments on such payment date. Payments by participants to beneficial owners will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices and will be the responsibility of such participant and not of DTC or the Fund, subject to any statutory or regulatory requirements as may be in effect from time to time. Payment of distributions to DTC is the responsibility of the Fund, disbursement of such payments to direct participants is the responsibility of DTC, and disbursement of such payments to the beneficial owners is the responsibility of direct and indirect participants. Furthermore each beneficial owner must rely on the procedures of DTC to exercise any rights under the securities.
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DTC may discontinue providing its services as securities depository with respect to the securities at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Fund. Under such circumstances, in the event that a successor securities depository is not obtained, certificates representing the securities will be printed and delivered.
Counsel and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, Four Times Square, New York, New York 10036 is special counsel to the Fund in connection with the issuance of the Series D Preferred and ARS.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10017 serves as the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm of the Fund and will annually audit the financial statements of the Fund.
Proxy Voting Procedures
The Fund has adopted the proxy voting procedures of the Investment Adviser and has directed the Investment Adviser to vote all proxies relating to the Funds voting securities in accordance with such procedures. The proxy voting procedures are attached hereto as Appendix A. Information regarding how the Registrant voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 800-422-3554, or on the Registrants website at http://www.gabelli.com, and (ii) on the Commissions website at http://www.sec.gov.
Code of Ethics
The Fund and the Investment Adviser have adopted a code of ethics. This code of ethics sets forth restrictions on the trading activities of trustees/directors, officers and employees of the Fund, the Investment Adviser and their affiliates. For example, such persons may not purchase any security for which the Fund has a purchase or sale order pending, or for which such trade is under consideration. In addition, those trustees/directors, officers and employees that are principally involved in investment decisions for client accounts are prohibited from purchasing or selling for their own account for a period of seven days a security that has been traded for a clients account, unless such trade is executed on more favorable terms for the clients account and it is determined that such trade will not adversely affect the clients account. Short-term trading by such trustee/directors, officers and employees for their own accounts in securities held by a Fund clients account is also restricted. The above examples are subject to certain exceptions and they do not represent all of the trading restrictions and policies set forth by the code of ethics. The code of ethics is on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission and can be reviewed and copied at the Securities and Exchange Commissions Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C., and information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 202-942-8090. The code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the Securities and Exchange Commissions Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies of the code of ethics may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Securities and Exchange Commissions Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
Code of Conduct for Chief Executive and Senior Financial Officers
The Fund and the Investment Adviser have adopted a code of conduct. This code of conduct sets forth policies to guide the chief executive and senior financial officers in the performance of their duties. The code of conduct is on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission and can be reviewed and copied at the Securities and Exchange Commissions Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C., and information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at 202-942-8090. The code of ethics is also available on the EDGAR Database on the Securities and Exchange Commissions Internet site at http://www.sec.gov, and copies of the code of ethics may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the Securities and Exchange Commissions Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The audited financial statements included in the Annual Report to the Funds Shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2004, together with the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP thereon, are incorporated herein by reference from the Funds Annual Report to Shareholders. All other portions of the Annual Report to Shareholders are not incorporated herein by reference and are not part of the Registration Statement. A copy of the Annual Report to Shareholders may be obtained without charge by writing to the Fund at its address at One Corporate Center, Rye, New York 10580-1422 or by calling the Fund toll-free at 800-GABELLI (422-3554).
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GLOSSARY
Adjusted Value of each Eligible Asset shall be computed as follows:
(i) cash shall be valued at 100% of the face value thereof; and
(ii) all other Eligible Assets shall be valued at the applicable Discounted Value thereof; and
(iii) each asset that is not an Eligible Asset shall be valued at zero.
Administrator means the other party to the Administration Agreement with the Fund, which shall initially be Gabelli Funds, LLC, a New York limited liability company, and will include, as appropriate, any sub-administrator appointed by the Administrator.
Affiliate means, with respect to the Auction Agent, any person known to the Auction Agent to be controlled by, in control of or under common control with the Fund; provided, however, that no Broker-Dealer controlled by, in control of or under common control with the Fund will be deemed to be an Affiliate nor will any Person controlled by, in control of or under common control with such Person, one of the directors or executive officers of which is director of the Fund, be deemed to be an Affiliate solely because such director or executive officer is also a director of the Fund.
Agent Member means a member of or a participant in the Securities Depository that will act on behalf of a Bidder.
All Hold Rate means 90% of the Reference Rate.
Applicable Rate means, with respect to the ARS, for each Dividend Period (i) if Sufficient Clearing Bids exist for the Auction in respect thereof, the Winning Bid Rate, (ii) if Sufficient Clearing Orders do not exist for the Auction in respect thereof or an Auction does not take place with respect to such Dividend Period because of the commencement of a Default Period that ends prior to an Auction Date, the Maximum Rate and (iii) if all ARS are the subject of Submitted Hold Orders for the Auction in respect thereof, the All Hold Rate.
Auction means each periodic operation of the Auction Procedures.
Auction Agent means The Bank of New York unless and until another commercial bank, trust company, or other financial institution appointed by a resolution of the Board of Trustees enters into an agreement with the Fund to follow the Auction Procedures for the purpose of determining the Applicable Rate.
Auction Date means the last day of the initial Dividend Period and each seventh day after the immediately preceding Auction Date; provided, however, that if any such seventh day is not a Business Day, such Auction Date shall be the first preceding day that is a Business Day and the next Auction Date, if for a Standard Dividend Period, shall (subject to the same advancement procedure) be the seventh day after the date that the preceding Auction Date would have been if not for the advancement procedure; provided further, however, that the Auction Date for the Auction at the conclusion of any Special Dividend Period shall be the last Business Day in such Special Dividend Period and that no more than one Auction shall be held during any Dividend Period; provided, further, however, that the Auction Date following a Default Period shall be the last Business Day in the Standard Dividend Period that commenced during such Default Period. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event an auction is not held because an unforeseen event or unforeseen events cause a day that otherwise would have been an Auction Date not to be a Business Day, then the length of the then-current dividend period will be extended by seven days (or a multiple thereof if necessary because of such unforeseen event or events).
Auction Procedures means the procedures for conducting Auctions described in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for Series E Auction Rate Preferred.
Available Series E Auction Rate Preferred has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for Series E Auction Rate Preferred Determination of Sufficient Clearing Bids, Winning Bid Rate and Applicable Rate.
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Basic Maintenance Amount has the meaning set forth in Moodys and S&P Guidelines.
Basic Maintenance Report means, with respect to the ARS, a report prepared by the Administrator which sets forth, as of the related Monthly Valuation Date, (i) Moodys Eligible Assets and S&P Eligible Assets sufficient to meet or exceed the Basic Maintenance Amount, the Market Value and Discounted Value thereof (seriatim and in the aggregate), (iii) the Basic Maintenance Amount, and (iv) the net asset value of the Fund. Such report will also include (A) the month-end closing price for the Common Shares of the Fund (B) the monthly total-return for the Common Shares, which will be determined based upon month-end closing share prices, assuming reinvestment of all dividends paid during such month and (C) the total leverage positions of the Fund. For the purposes of this SAI, Basic Maintenance Report or Report shall have a correlative meaning with respect to any other class or series of Preferred Shares.
Beneficial Owner with respect to ARS, means a customer of a Broker-Dealer who is listed on the records of that Broker-Dealer (or, if applicable, the Auction Agent) as a holder of such shares of such series.
Bid has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for Series E Auction Rate Preferred.
Bidder has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for Series E Auction Rate Preferred.
Board of Trustees or Board means the Board of Trustees of the Fund or any duly authorized committee thereof as permitted by applicable law.
Broker-Dealer means any broker-dealer or broker-dealers, or other entity permitted by law to perform the functions required of a Broker-Dealer by the Auction Procedures, that has been selected by the Fund and has entered into a Broker-Dealer Agreement that remains effective.
Broker-Dealer Agreement means an agreement between the Auction Agent and a Broker-Dealer, pursuant to which such Broker-Dealer agrees to follow the Auction Procedures.
Business Day means a day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading and which is not a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banks in the City of New York, New York are authorized or obligated by law to close.
By-Laws means the By-Laws of the Fund, as amended from time to time.
Code means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
Common Shares means the Common shares of beneficial interest of the Fund, par value $0.001 per share.
Cure Date has the meaning set forth in paragraph 3(a)(i) of Article II of the Statement of Preferences for the Series D Preferred and paragraph 3(a)(ii) of Article I of the Statement of Preferences for the ARS.
Date of Original Issue means the date on which the Series D Preferred or ARS, as the case may be, is originally issued by the Fund.
Declaration means the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Fund, dated as of August 20, 2003, as amended, supplemented or restated from time to time (including by the Statements of Preferences or by way of any other supplement or Statement of Preferences authorizing or creating a class of shares of beneficial interest in the Fund).
Default Period has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred Dividends and Distributions and Dividend Periods from the Series E Auction Rate Preferred.
Default Rate means the Reference Rate multiplied by five and one half (5.5).
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Deposit Assets means cash, Short-Term Money Market Instruments and U.S. Government Securities. Except for determining whether the Fund has Eligible Assets with an Adjusted Value equal to or greater than the Basic Maintenance Amount, each Deposit Asset shall be deemed to have a value equal to its principal or face amount payable at maturity plus any interest payable thereon after delivery of such Deposit Asset but only if payable on or prior to the applicable payment date in advance of which the relevant deposit is made.
Discount Factor means (i) so long as Moodys is rating the Series D Preferred or ARS at the Funds request, the Moodys Discount Factor, (ii) so long as S&P is rating the ARS, the S&P Discount Factor, and/or (iii) any applicable discount factor established by any Other Rating Agency, whichever is applicable.
Discounted Value means, as applicable, (i) the quotient of the Market Value of an Eligible Asset divided by the applicable Discount Factor, or (ii) such other formula for determining the discounted value of an Eligible Asset as may be established by an applicable Rating Agency, provided that with respect to an Eligible Asset that is currently callable, Discounted Value will be equal to the applicable quotient or product as calculated above or the call price, whichever is lower, and that with respect to an Eligible Asset that is prepayable, Discounted Value will be equal to the applicable quotient or product as calculated above or the par value, whichever is lower.
Dividend Default has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning the Series D Preferred and Series E Auction Rate Preferred Dividends and Distributions and Dividend Periods for the Series E Auction Rate Preferred.
Dividend Payment Date means, with respect to the Series D Preferred, any date on which dividends and distributions declared by the Board of Trustees thereon are payable pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 1(a) of Article II of the Statement of Preferences of the Series D Preferred, and, with respect to the ARS, any date on which dividends and distributions declared by the Board of Trustees thereon are payable pursuant to the provisions of paragraph 2(b) of Article I of the Statement of Preferences, for the ARS, and shall have a correlative meaning with respect to any other class or series of Preferred Shares.
Dividend Period means, with respect to Series D Preferred, the quarterly dividend and distribution specified in paragraph 1(a) of Article II of the Statement of Preferences for the Series D Preferred and, with respect to ARS, the initial period determined in the manner set forth under Designation in the Statement of Preferences of the ARS, and thereafter, the period commencing on the Business Day following each Auction Date and ending on the next Auction Date or, if such next Auction Date is not immediately followed by a Business Day, on the latest day prior to the next succeeding Business Day and, with respect to any other preferred Shares issued by the Fund, the periods specified in or determinable by reference to the statement of preferences therefor.
Eligible Assets means Moodys Eligible Assets (if Moodys is then rating the Series D Preferred or ARS at the request of the Fund), S&P Eligible Assets (if S&P is then rating the ARS at the request of the Fund), and/or Other Rating Agency Eligible Assets if any Other Rating Agency is then rating the Series D Preferred or ARS, whichever is applicable.
Existing Holder means (i) a person who beneficially owns those shares of ARS listed in that persons name in the records of the Fund or the Auction Agent or (ii) the beneficial owner of those shares of ARS which are listed under such persons Broker-Dealers name in the records of the Auction Agent, which Broker-Dealer will have signed a master purchasers letter.
Governing Documents means the Declaration and the By-Laws of the Fund.
Hold Order has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for ARS.
Holder means, with respect to the ARS, the registered holder of ARS as the same appears on the share ledger or share records of the Fund or records of the Auction Agent, as the case may be.
Industry Classification means a six-digit industry classification in the Standard Industry Classification system published by the United States.
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LIBOR Dealers means Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and such other dealer or dealers as the Fund may from time to time appoint, or, in lieu of any thereof, their respective affiliates or successors.
LIBOR Rate on any Auction Date, means (i) the rate for deposits in U.S. dollars for the designated Dividend Period, which appears on display page 3750 of Moneylines Telerate Service (Telerate Page 3750) (or such other page as may replace that page on that service, or such other service as may be selected by the LIBOR Dealer or its successors that are LIBOR Dealers) as of 11:00 a.m., London time, on the day that is the London Business Day preceding the Auction Date (the LIBOR Determination Date), or (ii) if such rate does not appear on Telerate Page 3750 or such other page as may replace such Telerate Page 3750, (A) the LIBOR Dealer shall determine the arithmetic mean of the offered quotations of the Reference Banks to leading banks in the London interbank market for deposits in U.S. dollars for the designated Dividend Period in an amount determined by such LIBOR Dealer by reference to requests for quotations as of approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time) on such date made by such LIBOR Dealer to the Reference Banks, (B) if at least two of the Reference Banks provide such quotations, LIBOR Rate shall equal such arithmetic mean of such quotations, (C) if only one or none of the Reference Banks provide such quotations, LIBOR Rate shall be deemed to be the arithmetic mean of the offered quotations that leading banks in The City of New York selected by the LIBOR Dealer (after obtaining the Funds approval) are quoting on the relevant LIBOR Determination Date for deposits in U.S. dollars for the designated Dividend Period in an amount determined by the LIBOR Dealer (after obtaining the Funds approval) that is representative of a single transaction in such market at such time by reference to the principal London offices of leading banks in the London interbank market; provided, however, that if one of the LIBOR Dealers does not quote a rate required to determine the LIBOR Rate, the LIBOR Rate will be determined on the basis of the quotation or quotations furnished by any Substitute LIBOR Dealer or Substitute LIBOR Dealers selected by the Fund to provide such rate or rates not being supplied by the LIBOR Dealer; provided further, that if the LIBOR Dealer and Substitute LIBOR Dealers are required but unable to determine a rate in accordance with at least one of the procedures provided above, LIBOR Rate shall be LIBOR Rate as determined on the previous Auction Date. If the number of Dividend Period days shall be (1) 7 or more but fewer than 21 days, such rate shall be the seven-day LIBOR rate; (2) more than 21 but fewer than 49 days, such rate shall be the one-month LIBOR rate; (3) 49 or more but fewer than 77 days, such rate shall be the two-month LIBOR rate; (4) 77 or more but fewer than 112 days, such rate shall be the three-month LIBOR rate; (5) 112 or more but fewer than 140 days, such rate shall be the four-month LIBOR rate; (6) 140 or more but fewer than 168 days, such rate shall be the five-month LIBOR rate; (7) 168 or more but fewer than 189 days, such rate shall be the six-month LIBOR rate; (8) 189 or more but fewer than 217 days, such rate shall be the seven-month LIBOR rate; (9) 217 or more but fewer than 252 days, such rate shall be the eight-month LIBOR rate; (10) 252 or more but fewer than 287 days, such rate shall be the nine-month LIBOR rate; (11) 287 or more but fewer than 315 days, such rate shall be the ten-month LIBOR rate; (12) 315 or more but fewer than 343 days, such rate shall be the eleven-month LIBOR rate; and (13) 343 or more but fewer than 365 days, such rate shall be the twelve-month LIBOR rate.
London Business Day means any day on which commercial banks are generally open for business in London.
Liquidation Preference means $25 per share of Series D Preferred and $25,000 per share of the Series E ARS and will have a correlative meaning with respect to shares of any other class or series of Preferred Shares.
Market Capitalization means, with respect to any issue of common stock, as of any date, the product of (i) the number of shares of such common stock issued and outstanding as of the close of business on the date of determination thereof and (ii) the Market Value per share of such common stock as of the close of business on the date of determination thereof.
Market Value means the amount determined by the Fund with respect to specific Eligible Assets in accordance with valuation policies adopted from time to time by the Board of Trustees as being in compliance with the requirements of the 1940 Act.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Market Value may, at the option of the Fund with respect to any of its assets, mean the amount determined with respect to specific Eligible Assets of the Fund in the manner set forth below:
(i) as to any common or preferred stock which is an Eligible Asset, (a) if the stock is traded on a national securities exchange or quoted on the Nasdaq System, the last sales price reported on the
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Valuation Date or (b) if there was no reported sales price on the Valuation Date, the price obtained from a Pricing Service as of the Valuation Date, or (c) if there was no reported sales price on the Valuation Date or price available from a Pricing Service, the lower of two bid prices for such stock provided to the Administrator by two recognized securities dealers with a minimum capitalization of $25,000,000 (or otherwise approved for such purpose by Moodys and S&P) at least one of which will be provided in writing or by telecopy, telex, other electronic transcription, computer obtained quotation reducible to written form or similar means, and in turn provided to the Fund by any such means by such administrator, or, if two bid prices cannot be obtained, such Eligible Asset will have a Market Value of zero;
(ii) as to any U.S. Government Obligation, Short-Term Money Market Instrument (other than demand deposits, federal funds, bankers acceptances and next Business Day repurchase agreements) and commercial paper, with a maturity of greater than 60 days, the product of (a) the principal amount (accreted principal to the extent such instrument accretes interest) of such instrument and (b) the price provided by a Pricing Service or, if not obtainable through a Pricing Service, the lower of the bid prices for the same kind of instruments having, as nearly as practicable, comparable interest rates and maturities provided by two recognized securities dealers having minimum capitalization of $25,000,000 (or otherwise approved for such purpose by Moodys and S&P) to the administrator, at least one of which will be provided in writing or by telecopy, telex, other electronic transcription, computer obtained quotation reducible to written form or similar means, and in turn provided to the Fund by any such means by such administrator, or, if two bid prices cannot be obtained, such Eligible Asset will have a Market Value of zero;
(iii) as to cash, demand and timed deposits, federal funds, bankers acceptances and next Business Day repurchase agreements included in Short-Term Money Market Instruments, the face value thereof;
(iv) as to any U.S. Government Obligation, Short-Term Money Market Instrument or commercial paper with a maturity of 60 days or fewer, amortized cost unless the Board of Trustees determines that such value does not constitute fair value; or
(v) as to any other evidence of indebtedness which is an Eligible Asset, (a) the product of (1) the unpaid principal balance of such indebtedness as of the Valuation Date and (2)(A) if such indebtedness is traded on a national securities exchange or quoted on the Nasdaq System, the last sales price reported on the Valuation Date or (B) if there was no reported sales price on the Valuation Date and if such indebtedness is not traded on a national securities exchange or quoted on the Nasdaq System, the price obtained from a Pricing Service as of the Valuation Date or (C) if there was no reported sales price on the Valuation Date or if such indebtedness is not traded on a national securities exchange or quoted on the Nasdaq System, and a price was not obtainable from a Pricing Service as of the Valuation Date, the lower of two bid prices for such indebtedness provided by two recognized dealers with a minimum capitalization of $25,000,000 (or otherwise approved for such purpose by Moodys and S&P) to the administrator of the Funds assets, at least one of which will be provided in writing or by telecopy, telex, other electronic transcription, computer obtained quotation reducible to written form or similar means, and in turn provided to the Fund by any such means by such administrator, plus (b) accrued interest on such indebtedness.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of preferred stock that is rated by a single Rating Agency, Market Value shall have the meaning set forth in the governing documents of such preferred stock.
Maximum Rate means, on any day on which the Applicable Rate is determined, the greater of (i) the applicable percentage set forth in the table below of the Reference Rate or (ii) the applicable spread set forth in the table below plus the Reference Rate. The reference rate is the applicable LIBOR Rate (for a dividend period or a special dividend period of fewer than 365 days), or the applicable Treasury Index Rate (for a special dividend period of 365 days or more). The applicable percentage and applicable spread will be determined based on the lower of the credit ratings assigned to the Series E ARS by Moodys and S&P subject to upward. If Moodys and S&P or both do not make such ratings available, the rate will be determined by reference to equivalent ratings issued by a substitute rating agency.
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Credit Ratings |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||
Moodys |
|
S&P |
|
Applicable Percentage |
|
Applicable Spread |
|
||||||||||||
Aaa |
|
AAA |
|
150 |
% |
|
1.50 |
% |
|
||||||||||
Aa3 to Aa1 |
|
AA to AA+ |
|
250 |
% |
|
2.50 |
% |
|
||||||||||
A3 to A1 |
|
A to A+ |
|
350 |
% |
|
3.50 |
% |
|
||||||||||
Baa1 or lower |
|
BBB+ or lower |
|
550 |
% |
|
5.50 |
% |
|
||||||||||
Monthly Valuation Date means the last Valuation Date of any calendar month.
Moodys means Moodys Investors Service, Inc. and its successors.
Moodys Discount Factor has the meaning ascribed to it in Moodys and S&P Guidelines Moodys Guidelines.
Moodys Eligible Assets has the meaning ascribed to it in Moodys and S&P Guidelines Moodys Guidelines.
1940 Act means the Investment Company Act of 1940, or any successor statute.
1940 Act Asset Coverage means asset coverage, as determined in accordance with Section 18(h) of the 1940 Act, of at least 200% with respect to all outstanding senior securities of the Fund which are stock, including all Outstanding shares of Series D Preferred and the ARS (or such other asset coverage as may in the future be specified in or under the 1940 Act as the minimum asset coverage for senior securities which are stock of a closed-end investment company as a condition of declaring dividends and distributions on its common shares), determined on the basis of values calculated as of a time within 48 hours (not including Saturdays, Sundays or holidays) next preceding the time of such determination.
1940 Act Asset Coverage Certificate means the certificate required to be delivered by the Fund pursuant to paragraph 9(a)(i)(B) of Article I of the Statement of Preferences of the ARS.
Non-Call Period means a period determined by the Board of Trustees after consultation with the Broker-Dealers, during which the ARS subject to such Special Dividend Period are not subject to redemption at the option of the Fund but only to mandatory redemption.
NRSRO means a Nationally Recognized Statistical Ratings Organization.
Order has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for Series E Auction Rate Preferred.
Other Rating Agency means any rating agency other than Moodys and S&P then providing a rating for the ARS pursuant to the request of the Fund.
Other Rating Agency Eligible Assets means assets of the Fund designated by any Other Rating Agency as eligible for inclusion in calculating the discounted value of the Funds assets in connection with such Other Rating Agencys rating of the ARS.
Outstanding means, as of any date, Preferred Shares theretofore issued by the Fund except:
(i) any such Preferred Shares theretofore cancelled by the Fund or delivered to the Fund for cancellation;
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(ii) any such share of Preferred Shares other than Auction Preferred Shares as to which a notice of redemption will have been given and for whose payment at the redemption thereof Deposit Assets in the necessary amount are held by the Fund in trust for, or have been irrevocably deposited with the relevant disbursing agent for payment to, the holder of such share pursuant to the Statement of Preferences with respect thereto;
(iii) in the case of Auction Preferred Shares, any such shares theretofore delivered to the applicable auction agent for cancellation or with respect to which the Fund has given notice of redemption and irrevocably deposited with the applicable paying agent sufficient funds to redeem such shares; and
(iv) any such Preferred Shares in exchange for or in lieu of which other shares have been issued and delivered.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, (x) for purposes of voting rights (including the determination of the number of shares required to constitute a quorum), any Preferred Shares as to which the Fund or any subsidiary is the holder or Existing Holder, as applicable, will be disregarded and deemed not Outstanding; and (y) in connection with any auction, any Auction Preferred Shares as to which the Fund or any Person known to the auction agent to be a subsidiary is the holder or Existing Holder, as applicable, will be disregarded and not deemed Outstanding.
Paying Agent means with respect to the Series E ARS, The Bank of New York unless and until another entity appointed by a resolution of the Board of Trustees enters into an agreement with the Fund to serve as paying agent, which paying agent may be the same as the Auction Agent and, with respect to any other class or series of Preferred Shares, the Person appointed by the Fund as dividend disbursing or paying agent with respect to such class or series.
Person means and includes an individual, a partnership, the Fund, a trust, a corporation, a limited liability company, an unincorporated association, a joint venture or other entity or a government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
Potential Beneficial Owner or Potential Holder means (i) any Existing Holder who may be interested in acquiring additional shares of Series E Auction Rate Preferred or (ii) any other person who may be interested in acquiring shares of Series E Auction Rate Preferred and who has signed a master purchasers letter or whose shares will be listed under such persons Broker-Dealers name on the records of the Auction Agent which Broker-Dealer will have executed a master purchasers letter.
Preferred Shares means the preferred shares, par value $0.001 per share, of the Fund, and includes the Series D Preferred Shares and the Series E ARS.
Premium Call Period means a period consisting of a number of whole years as determined by the Board of Trustees after consultation with the Broker-Dealers, during each year of which the shares subject to such Special Dividend Period will be redeemable at the Funds option at a price per share equal to the Liquidation Preference plus accumulated but unpaid dividends and distributions (whether or not earned or declared) plus a premium expressed as a percentage or percentages of the Liquidation Preference or expressed as a formula using specified variables as determined by the Board of Trustees after consultation with the Broker-Dealers.
Pricing Service means any of the following: Bloomberg Financial Service, Bridge Information Services, Data Resources Inc., FT Interactive, International Securities Market Association, Merrill Lynch Securities Pricing Service, Muller Data Corp., Reuters, S&P/J.J. Kenny, Telerate, Trepp Pricing and Wood Gundy.
Rating Agency means Moodys and S&P as long as such rating agency is then rating the Series D Preferred Shares or the Series E ARS at the request of the Fund, or any other rating agency then rating the Series D Preferred Shares or the Series E ARS at the request of the Fund.
Rating Agency Guidelines has the meaning set forth in set forth in Moodys and S&P Guidelines.
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Redemption Date means, with respect to shares of the Funds Outstanding Preferred Shares, the date fixed by the Fund for the redemption of such shares.
Redemption Default has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning the Series D Preferred and the Series E Auction Rate Preferred Dividends and Distributions and Dividend Periods for the Series E Auction Rate Preferred.
Redemption Price means, with
respect to the Series D Preferred, the price set forth in paragraph 3(a) of
Article II of the Statement of Preferences for the Series D Preferred and, with
respect to
the
ARS, the price set
forth in paragraph
3(a)(i) of Article I of
the Statement of Preferences for the ARS.
Reference Banks means four major banks in the London interbank market selected by Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated or its affiliates or successors or such other party as the Fund may from time to time appoint.
Reference Rate means, with respect to the determination of the Default Rate, the applicable LIBOR Rate for a Dividend Period of 364 days or fewer or the applicable Treasury Index Rate for a Dividend Period of longer than 364 days and, with respect to the determination of the Maximum Rate, the LIBOR Rate or the Treasury Index Rate, as appropriate.
S&P means S&P, or its successors.
S&P Discount Factor has the meaning set forth in Moodys and S&P Guidelines S&P Guidelines.
S&P Eligible Assets has the meaning set forth in Moodys and S&P Guidelines S&P Guidelines.
S&P Hedging Transactions has the meaning set forth in Moodys and S&P Guidelines S&P Guidelines.
SEC means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
Securities Act means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any successor statute.
Securities Depository means The Depository Trust Company and its successors and assigns or any successor securities depository selected by the Fund that agrees to follow the procedures required to be followed by such securities depository in connection with the shares of Series D Preferred or the ARS.
Sell Order has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for the Series E Auction Rate Preferred.
Series D Preferred means the Funds Series D Cumulative Preferred Shares, $0.001 par value per share and liquidation preference $25 per share.
Series E Auction Rate Preferred means the Funds Series E Auction Rate Preferred, $0.001 par value per share and liquidation preference $25,000 per share.
ARS Basic Maintenance Amount Test means a test which is met if the lower of the aggregate Discounted Values of the Moodys Eligible Assets or the S&P Eligible Assets if both Moodys and S&P are then rating the ARS at the request of the Fund, or the Eligible Assets of whichever of Moodys and S&P is then doing so if only one of Moodys and S&P is then rating the ARS at the request of the Fund, meets or exceeds the Basic Maintenance Amount with respect to the ARS.
Short-Term Money Market Instruments means the following types of instruments if, on the date of purchase or other acquisition thereof by the Fund, the remaining term to maturity thereof is not in excess of 180 days:
(i) commercial paper rated A-1 if such commercial paper matures in 30 days, or A-1+ if such commercial paper matures in over 30 days;
(ii) AAAm rated money market funds
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(iii) demand or time deposits in, and bankers acceptances and certificates of deposit of (A) a depository institution or trust company incorporated under the laws of the United States of America or any state thereof or the District of Columbia or (B) a United States branch office or agency of a foreign depository institution (provided that such branch office or agency is subject to banking regulation under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia) or (C) A-1+ rated institutions;
(iv) overnight funds; and
(v) U.S. Government Securities.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of preferred stock that is rated by a single Rating Agency, Short-Term Money Market Instruments shall have the meaning set forth in the governing documents of such preferred stock.
Special Dividend Period means a Dividend Period that is not a Standard Dividend Period.
Specific Redemption Provisions means, with respect to any Special Dividend Period of more than one year, either, or any combination of (i) a Non-Call Period and (ii) a Premium Call Period.
Standard Dividend Period means a Dividend Period of seven days, subject to increase or decrease to the extent necessary for the next Auction Date and Dividend Payment Date to each be Business Days.
Statement of Preferences means the Statement of Preferences of the Fund establishing, as the case may be, the Series D Preferred Shares or the Series E ARS.
Submission Deadline means 1:30 p.m., New York City time, on any Auction Date or such other time on any Auction Date by which Broker-Dealers are required to submit Orders to the Auction Agent as specified by the Auction Agent from time to time.
Submitted Bid has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for Series E Auction Rate Preferred Determination of Sufficient Clearing Bids, Winning Bid Rate and Applicable Rate.
Submitted Bid Order has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for Series E Auction Rate Preferred Determination of Sufficient Clearing Bids, Winning Bid Rate and Applicable Rate.
Submitted Hold Order has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for Series E Auction Rate Preferred Determination of Sufficient Clearing Bids, Winning Bid Rate and Applicable Rate.
Submitted Order has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for Series E Auction Rate Preferred Determination of Sufficient Clearing Bids, Winning Bid Rate and Applicable Rate.
Submitted Sell Order has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for Series E Auction Rate Preferred Determination of Sufficient Clearing Bids, Winning Bid Rate and Applicable Rate.
Substitute LIBOR Dealer means any LIBOR dealer selected by the Fund as to which Moodys, S&P or any other Rating Agency then rating the Preferred Shares shall not have objected; provided, however, that none of such entities shall be a LIBOR Dealer.
Substitute U.S. Government Securities Dealer means any U.S. Government securities dealer selected by the Fund as to which Moodys, S&P or any other Rating Agency then rating the Preferred Shares shall not have objected; provided, however, that none of such entities shall be a U.S. Government Securities Dealer.
Sufficient Clearing Bids has the meaning set forth in Additional Information Concerning Auctions for Series E Auction Rate Preferred Determination of Sufficient Clearing Bids, Winning Bid Rate and Applicable Rate.
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Sufficient Clearing Orders means that all ARS are the subject of Submitted Hold Orders or that the number of ARS that are the subject of Submitted Bids by Potential Holders specifying one or more rates equal to or less than the Maximum Rate exceeds or equals the sum of (i) the number of ARS that are subject of Submitted Bids by Existing Holders specifying one or more rates higher than the Maximum Rate and (ii) the number of ARS that are subject to Submitted Sell Orders.
Treasury Index Rate means the average yield to maturity for actively traded, marketable U.S. Treasury fixed interest rate securities having the same number of 30-day periods to maturity as the length of the applicable Dividend Period, determined, to the extent necessary, by linear interpolation based upon the yield for such securities having the next shorter and next longer number of 30-day periods to maturity treating all Dividend Periods with a length greater than the longest maturity for such securities as having a length equal to such longest maturity, in all cases based upon data set forth in the most recent weekly statistical release published by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (currently in H.15(519)); provided, however, if the most recent such statistical release shall not have been published during the 15 days preceding the date of computation, the foregoing computations shall be based upon the average of comparable data as quoted to the Fund by at least three U.S. Government Securities Dealers selected by the Fund; provided further, however, that if one of the U.S. Government Securities Dealers does not quote a rate required to determine the Treasury Index Rate, the Treasury Index Rate shall be determined on the basis of the quotation or quotations furnished by any Substitute U.S. Government Securities Dealer or Substitute U.S. Government Securities Dealers selected by the Fund to provide such rate or rates not being supplied by the U.S. Government Securities Dealer; provided further, that if the U.S. Government Securities Dealer and Substitute U.S. Government Securities Dealers are required but unable to determine a rate in accordance with at least one of the procedures provided above, the Treasury Index Rate shall be the Treasury Index Rate as determined on the previous Auction Date.
U.S. Government Securities Dealer means Lehman Government Securities Incorporated, Goldman, Sachs & Co., Salomon Brothers Inc., Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York and any other U.S. Government Securities dealer selected by the Fund as to which Moodys (if Moodys is then rating the Preferred Shares at the request of the Fund) and S&P (if S&P is then rating the Preferred Shares at the request of the Fund) shall not have objected, or their respective affiliates or successors if U.S. Government Securities dealers.
U.S. Government Securities means direct obligations of the United States or by its agencies or instrumentalities that are entitled to the full faith and credit of the United States and that, other than United States Treasury Bills, provide for the periodic payment of interest and the full payment of principal at maturity or call for redemption.
Valuation Date means the last Business Day of each month, or such other date as the Fund and Rating Agencies may agree to for purposes of determining the Basic Maintenance Amount. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of preferred stock that is rated by a single Rating Agency, Valuation Date shall have the meaning set forth in the governing documents of such preferred stock.
Winning Bid Rate means the lowest rate specified in the Submitted Bids which if:
(i) (a) each such Submitted Bid of Existing Holders specifying such lowest rate and
(b) all other such Submitted Bids of Existing Holders specifying lower rates were rejected, thus entitling such Existing Holders to continue to hold the shares of such series that are subject to such Submitted Bids; and
(ii) (a) each such Submitted Bid of Potential Holders specifying such lowest rate and
(b) all other such Submitted Bids of Potential Holders specifying lower rates were accepted;
would result in such Existing Holders described in subclause (i) above continuing to hold an aggregate number of Outstanding ARS which, when added to the number of Outstanding ARS to be purchased by such Potential Holders described in subclause (ii) above, would equal not less than the Available ARS.
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APPENDIX A
GAMCO INVESTORS, INC. and AFFILIATES
The Voting of Proxies on Behalf of Clients
Rules 204(4)-2 and 204-2 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and Rule 30b1-4 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 require investment advisers to adopt written policies and procedures governing the voting of proxies on behalf of their clients.
These procedures will be used by GAMCO Asset Management, Inc., Gabelli Funds, LLC and Gabelli Advisers, Inc. (collectively, the Advisers) to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by their clients, including the procedures that the Advisers use when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of the shareholders of an investment company managed by one of the Advisers, on the one hand, and those of the Advisers; the principal underwriter; or any affiliated person of the investment company, the Advisers, or the principal underwriter. These procedures will not apply where the Advisers do not have voting discretion or where the Advisers have agreed with a client to vote the clients proxies in accordance with specific guidelines or procedures supplied by the client (to the extent permitted by ERISA).
I. Proxy Voting Committee
The Proxy Voting Committee was originally formed in April 1989 for the purpose of formulating guidelines and reviewing proxy statements within the parameters set by the substantive proxy voting guidelines originally published by GAMCO Asset Management, Inc. in 1988 and updated periodically, a copy of which are appended as Exhibit A. The Committee will include representatives of Research, Administration, Legal, and the Advisers. Additional or replacement members of the Committee will be nominated by the Chairman and voted upon by the entire Committee. As of June 30, 2005, the members are:
Bruce N. Alpert, Chief Operating Officer of Gabelli Funds, LLC
Ivan Arteaga, Research Analyst
Caesar M. P. Bryan, Portfolio Manager
Peter D. Goldstein, Director of Regulatory Affairs
Joshua Fenton, Director of Buy-Side Research
Douglas R. Jamieson, Chief Operating Officer of GAMCO
Barry Lucas, Director of Institutional Research
James E. McKee, General Counsel
Karyn-Marie Prylucki, Director of Proxy Voting Services
George Maldonado, proxy Administrator
William S. Selby, Managing Director of GAMCO
Howard F. Ward, Portfolio Manager
Peter D. Zaglio, Senior Vice President
Peter D. Zaglio currently chairs the Committee. In his absence, the Director of Research will chair the Committee. Meetings are held as needed basis to form views on the manner in which the Advisers should vote proxies on behalf of their clients.
In general, the Director of Proxy Voting Services, using the Proxy Guidelines, recommendations of Institutional Shareholder Corporate Governance Service (ISS), other third-party services and the analysts of Gabelli & Company, Inc., will determine how to vote on each issue. For non-controversial matters, the Director of Proxy Voting Services may vote the proxy if the vote is (1) consistent with the recommendations of the issuers Board of Directors and not contrary to the Proxy Guidelines; (2) consistent with the recommendations of the issuers Board of Directors and is a non-controversial issue not covered by the Proxy Guidelines; or (3) the vote is contrary
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to the recommendations of the Board of Directors but is consistent with the Proxy Guidelines. In those instances, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Chairman of the Committee may sign and date the proxy statement indicating how each issue will be voted.
All matters identified by the Chairman of the Committee, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department as controversial, taking into account the recommendations of ISS or other third party services and the analysts of Gabelli & Company, Inc., will be presented to the Proxy Voting Committee. If the Chairman of the Committee, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department has identified the matter as one that (1) is controversial; (2) would benefit from deliberation by the Proxy Voting Committee; or (3) may give rise to a conflict of interest between the Advisers and their clients, the Chairman of the Committee will initially determine what vote to recommend that the Advisers should cast and the matter will go before the Committee.
For matters submitted to the Committee, each member of the Committee will receive, prior to the meeting, a copy of the proxy statement, any relevant third party research, a summary of any views provided by the Chief Investment Officer and any recommendations by Gabelli & Company, Inc. analysts. The Chief Investment Officer or the Gabelli & Company, Inc. analysts may be invited to present their viewpoints. If the Legal Department believes that the matter before the committee is one with respect to which a conflict of interest may exist between the Advisers and their clients, counsel will provide an opinion to the Committee concerning the conflict. If the matter is one in which the interests of the clients of one or more of Advisers may diverge, counsel will so advise and the Committee may make different recommendations as to different clients. For any matters where the recommendation may trigger appraisal rights, counsel will provide an opinion concerning the likely risks and merits of such an appraisal action.
Each matter submitted to the Committee will be determined by the vote of a majority of the members present at the meeting. Should the vote concerning one or more recommendations be tied in a vote of the Committee, the Chairman of the Committee will cast the deciding vote. The Committee will notify the proxy department of its decisions and the proxies will be voted accordingly.
Although the Proxy Guidelines express the normal preferences for the voting of any shares not covered by a contrary investment guideline provided by the client, the Committee is not bound by the preferences set forth in the Proxy Guidelines and will review each matter on its own merits. Written minutes of all Proxy Voting Committee meetings will be maintained. The Advisers subscribe to ISS, which supplies current information on companies, matters being voted on, regulations, trends in proxy voting and information on corporate governance issues.
If the vote cast either by the analyst or as a result of the deliberations of the Proxy Voting Committee runs contrary to the recommendation of the Board of Directors of the issuer, the matter will be referred to legal counsel to determine whether an amendment to the most recently filed Schedule 13D is appropriate.
II. Social Issues and Other Client Guidelines
If a client has provided special instructions relating to the voting of proxies, they should be noted in the clients account file and forwarded to the proxy department. This is the responsibility of the investment professional or sales assistant for the client. In accordance with Department of Labor guidelines, the Advisers policy is to vote on behalf of ERISA accounts in the best interest of the plan participants with regard to social issues that carry an economic impact. Where an account is not governed by ERISA, the Advisers will vote shares held on behalf of the client in a manner consistent with any individual investment/voting guidelines provided by the client. Otherwise the Advisers will abstain with respect to those shares.
III. Client Retention of Voting Rights
If a client chooses to retain the right to vote proxies or if there is any change in voting authority, the following should be notified by the investment professional or sales assistant for the client.
Operations
Legal Department
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Proxy Department
Investment professional assigned to the account
In the event that the Board of Directors (or a Committee thereof) of one or more of the investment companies managed by one of the Advisers has retained direct voting control over any security, the Proxy Voting Department will provide each Board Member (or Committee member) with a copy of the proxy statement together with any other relevant information including recommendations of ISS or other third-party services.
IV. Voting Records
The Proxy Voting Department will retain a record of matters voted upon by the Advisers for their clients. The Advisers staff may request proxy-voting records for use in presentations to current or prospective clients. Requests for proxy voting records should be made at least ten days prior to client meetings.
If a client wishes to receive a proxy voting record on a quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis, please notify the Proxy Voting Department. The reports will be available for mailing approximately ten days after the quarter end of the period. First quarter reports may be delayed since the end of the quarter falls during the height of the proxy season.
A letter is sent to the custodians for all clients for which the Advisers have voting responsibility instructing them to forward all proxy materials to:
Attn: Proxy Voting Department
One Corporate Center
Rye, New York 10580-1433
The sales assistant sends the letters to the custodians along with the trading/DTC instructions. Proxy voting records will be retained in compliance with Rule 204-2 under the Investment Advisers Act.
V. Voting Procedures
1. Custodian banks, outside brokerage firms and First Clearing Corporation are responsible for forwarding proxies directly to GAMCO.
Proxies are received in one of two forms:
Shareholder Vote Authorization Forms (VAFs) - Issued by ADP. VAFs must be voted through the issuing institution causing a time lag. ADP is an outside service contracted by the various institutions to issue proxy materials.
Proxy cards which may be voted directly.
2. Upon receipt of the proxy, the number of shares each form represents is logged into the proxy system according to security.
3. In the case of a discrepancy such as an incorrect number of shares, an improperly signed or dated card, wrong class of security, etc., the issuing custodian is notified by phone. A corrected proxy is requested. Any arrangements are made to insure that a proper proxy is received in time to be voted (overnight delivery, fax, etc.). When securities are out on loan on record date, the custodian is requested to supply written verification.
4. Upon receipt of instructions from the proxy committee (see Administrative), the votes are cast and recorded for each account on an individual basis.
Since January 1, 1992, records have been maintained on the Proxy Edge system. The system is backed up regularly. From 1990 through 1991, records were maintained on the PROXY VOTER system and in hardcopy format. Prior to 1990, records were maintained on diskette and in hardcopy format.
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PROXY EDGE records include:
Security Name and Cusip Number
Date and Type of Meeting (Annual, Special, Contest)
Client Name
Adviser or Fund Account Number
Directors Recommendation
How GAMCO voted for the client on each issue
The rationale for the vote when it appropriate
Records prior to the institution of the PROXY EDGE system include:
Security name
Type of Meeting (Annual, Special, Contest)
Date of Meeting
Name of Custodian
Name of Client
Custodian Account Number
Adviser or Fund Account Number
Directors recommendation
How the Adviser voted for the client on each issue
Date the proxy statement was received and by whom
Name of person posting the vote
Date and method by which the vote was cast
From these records individual client proxy voting records are compiled. It is our policy to provide institutional clients with a proxy voting record during client reviews. In addition, we will supply a proxy voting record at the request of the client on a quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis.
5. VAFs are kept alphabetically by security. Records for the current proxy season are located in the Proxy Voting Department office. In preparation for the upcoming season, files are transferred to an offsite storage facility during January/February.
6. Shareholder Vote Authorization Forms issued by ADP are always sent directly to a specific individual at ADP.
7. If a proxy card or VAF is received too late to be voted in the conventional matter, every attempt is made to vote on one of the following manners:
VAFs can be faxed to ADP up until the time of the meeting. This is followed up by mailing the original form.
When a solicitor has been retained, the solicitor is called. At the solicitors direction, the proxy is faxed.
8. In the case of a proxy contest, records are maintained for each opposing entity.
9. Voting in Person
a) At times it may be necessary to vote the shares in person. In this case, a legal proxy is obtained in the following manner:
Banks and brokerage firms using the services at ADP:
A call is placed to ADP requesting legal proxies. The VAFs are then sent overnight to ADP. ADP issues individual legal proxies and sends them back via overnight. A lead-time of at least two weeks prior to the meeting is needed to do this. Alternatively, the procedures detailed below for banks not using ADP may be implemented.
Banks and brokerage firms issuing proxies directly:
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The bank is called and/or faxed and a legal proxy is requested.
All legal proxies should appoint:
Representative of with full power of substitution.
b) The legal proxies are given to the person attending the meeting along with the following supplemental material:
A limited Power of Attorney appointing the attendee an Adviser representative.
A list of all shares being voted by custodian only. Client names and account numbers are not included. This list must be presented, along with the proxies, to the Inspectors of Elections and/or tabulator at least one-half hour prior to the scheduled start of the meeting. The tabulator must qualify the votes (i.e. determine if the vote have previously been cast, if the votes have been rescinded, etc. vote have previously been cast, etc.).
A sample ERISA and Individual contract.
A sample of the annual authorization to vote proxies form.
A copy of our most recent Schedule 13D filing (if applicable).
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
GENERAL POLICY STATEMENT
It is the policy of GAMCO Investors Inc. to vote in the best economic interests of our clients. As we state in our Magna Carta of Shareholders Rights, established in May 1988, we are neither for nor against management. We are for shareholders.
At our first proxy committee meeting in 1989, it was decided that each proxy statement should be evaluated on its own merits within the framework first established by our Magna Carta of Shareholders Rights. The attached guidelines serve to enhance that broad framework.
We do not consider any issue routine. We take into consideration all of our research on the company, its directors, and their short and long-term goals for the company. In cases where issues that we generally do not approve of are combined with other issues, the negative aspects of the issues will be factored into the evaluation of the overall proposals but will not necessitate a vote in opposition to the overall proposals.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
The advisers do not consider the election of the Board of Directors a routine issue. Each slate of directors is evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
Factors taken into consideration include:
Historical responsiveness to shareholders
This may include such areas as:
Paying greenmail
Failure to adopt shareholder resolutions receiving a majority of shareholder votes
Qualifications
Nominating committee in place
Number of outside directors on the board
Attendance at meetings
Overall performance
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SELECTION OF AUDITORS
In general, we support the Board of Directors recommendation for auditors.
BLANK CHECK PREFERRED STOCK
We oppose the issuance of blank check preferred stock.
Blank check preferred stock allows the company to issue stock and establish dividends, voting rights, etc. without further shareholder approval.
CLASSIFIED BOARD
A classified board is one where the directors are divided into classes with overlapping terms. A different class is elected at each annual meeting.
While a classified board promotes continuity of directors facilitating long range planning, we feel directors should be accountable to shareholders on an annual basis. We will look at this proposal on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration the boards historical responsiveness to the rights of shareholders.
Where a classified board is in place we will generally not support attempts to change to an annually elected board.
When an annually elected board is in place, we generally will not support attempts to classify the board.
INCREASE AUTHORIZED COMMON STOCK
The request to increase the amount of outstanding shares is considered on a case-by-case basis.
Factors taken into consideration include:
Future use of additional shares
Stock split
Stock option or other executive compensation plan
Finance growth of company/strengthen balance sheet
Aid in restructuring
Improve credit rating
Implement a poison pill or other takeover defense
Amount of stock currently authorized but not yet issued or reserved for stock option plans
Amount of additional stock to be authorized and its dilutive effect
We will support this proposal if a detailed and verifiable plan for the use of the additional shares is contained in the proxy statement.
CONFIDENTIAL BALLOT
We support the idea that a shareholders identity and vote should be treated with confidentiality.
However, we look at this issue on a case-by-case basis.
In order to promote confidentiality in the voting process, we endorse the use of independent Inspectors of Election.
CUMULATIVE VOTING
In general, we support cumulative voting.
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Cumulative voting is a process by which a shareholder may multiply the number of directors being elected by the number of shares held on record date and cast the total number for one candidate or allocate the voting among two or more candidates.
Where cumulative voting is in place, we will vote against any proposal to rescind this shareholder right.
Cumulative voting may result in a minority block of stock gaining representation on the board. When a proposal is made to institute cumulative voting, the proposal will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. While we feel that each board member should represent all shareholders, cumulative voting provides minority shareholders an opportunity to have their views represented.
DIRECTOR LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
We support efforts to attract the best possible directors by limiting the liability and increasing the indemnification of directors, except in the case of insider dealing.
EQUAL ACCESS TO THE PROXY
The SECs rules provide for shareholder resolutions. However, the resolutions are limited in scope and there is a 500 word limit on proponents written arguments. Management has no such limitations. While we support equal access to the proxy, we would look at such variables as length of time required to respond, percentage of ownership, etc.
FAIR PRICE PROVISIONS
Charter provisions requiring a bidder to pay all shareholders a fair price are intended to prevent two-tier tender offers that may be abusive. Typically, these provisions do not apply to board-approved transactions.
We support fair price provisions because we feel all shareholders should be entitled to receive the same benefits.
Reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
GOLDEN PARACHUTES
Golden parachutes are severance payments to top executives who are terminated or demoted after a takeover.
We support any proposal that would assure management of its own welfare so that they may continue to make decisions in the best interest of the company and shareholders even if the decision results in them losing their job. We do not, however, support excessive golden parachutes. Therefore, each proposal will be decided on a case-by- case basis.
Note: Congress has imposed a tax on any parachute that is more than three times the executives average annual compensation.
ANTI-GREENMAIL PROPOSALS
We do not support greenmail. An offer extended to one shareholder should be extended to all shareholders equally across the board.
LIMIT SHAREHOLDERS RIGHTS TO CALL SPECIAL MEETINGS
We support the right of shareholders to call a special meeting.
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CONSIDERATION OF NONFINANCIAL EFFECTS OF A MERGER
This proposal releases the directors from only looking at the financial effects of a merger and allows them the opportunity to consider the mergers effects on employees, the community, and consumers.
As a fiduciary, we are obligated to vote in the best economic interests of our clients. In general, this proposal does not allow us to do that. Therefore, we generally cannot support this proposal.
Reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
MERGERS, BUYOUTS, SPIN-OFFS, RESTRUCTURINGS
Each of the above is considered on a case-by-case basis. According to the Department of Labor, we are not required to vote for a proposal simply because the offering price is at a premium to the current market price. We may take into consideration the long term interests of the shareholders.
MILITARY ISSUES
Shareholder proposals regarding military production must be evaluated on a purely economic set of criteria for our ERISA clients. As such, decisions will be made on a case-by-case basis.
In voting on this proposal for our non-ERISA clients, we will vote according to the clients direction when applicable. Where no direction has been given, we will vote in the best economic interests of our clients. It is not our duty to impose our social judgment on others.
NORTHERN IRELAND
Shareholder proposals requesting the signing of the MacBride principles for the purpose of countering the discrimination of Catholics in hiring practices must be evaluated on a purely economic set of criteria for our ERISA clients. As such, decisions will be made on a case-by-case basis.
In voting on this proposal for our non-ERISA clients, we will vote according to client direction when applicable. Where no direction has been given, we will vote in the best economic interests of our clients. It is not our duty to impose our social judgment on others.
OPT OUT OF STATE ANTI-TAKEOVER LAW
This shareholder proposal requests that a company opt out of the coverage of the states takeover statutes. Example: Delaware law requires that a buyer must acquire at least 85% of the companys stock before the buyer can exercise control unless the board approves.
We consider this on a case-by-case basis. Our decision will be based on the following:
State of Incorporation
Management history of responsiveness to shareholders
Other mitigating factors
POISON PILL
In general, we do not endorse poison pills.
In certain cases where management has a history of being responsive to the needs of shareholders and the stock is very liquid, we will reconsider this position.
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REINCORPORATION
Generally, we support reincorporation for well-defined business reasons. We oppose reincorporation if proposed solely for the purpose of reincorporating in a state with more stringent anti-takeover statutes that may negatively impact the value of the stock.
STOCK OPTION PLANS
Stock option plans are an excellent way to attract, hold and motivate directors and employees. However, each stock option plan must be evaluated on its own merits, taking into consideration the following:
Dilution of voting power or earnings per share by more than 10%
Kind of stock to be awarded, to whom, when and how much
Method of payment
Amount of stock already authorized but not yet issued under existing stock option plans
SUPERMAJORITY VOTE REQUIREMENTS
Supermajority vote requirements in a companys charter or bylaws require a level of voting approval in excess of a simple majority of the outstanding shares. In general, we oppose supermajority-voting requirements. Supermajority requirements often exceed the average level of shareholder participation. We support proposals approvals by a simple majority of the shares voting.
LIMIT SHAREHOLDERS RIGHT TO ACT BY WRITTEN CONSENT
Written consent allows shareholders to initiate and carry on a shareholder action without having to wait until the next annual meeting or to call a special meeting. It permits action to be taken by the written consent of the same percentage of the shares that would be required to effect proposed action at a shareholder meeting.
Reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
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