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United States

Securities and Exchange Commission

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

Report of Foreign Private Issuer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16

of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the month of

February 2015

Vale S.A.

Avenida Graça Aranha, No. 26
20030-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

(Address of principal executive office)

(Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.)

(Check One) Form 20-F x Form 40-F o

(Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1))

(Check One) Yes  o No   x

(Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7))

(Check One) Yes   o No   x

(Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.)

(Check One) Yes  o No   x

(If “Yes” is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection with Rule 12g3-2(b). 82-   .)

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Table of Contents:

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Production Highlights

Rio de Janeiro, February 19, 2015 — Vale S.A. (Vale) delivered a strong operational performance in 4Q14 and in 2014, with production records in iron ore, nickel, copper and gold. Iron ore inventories decreased by 4.8 Mt in 4Q14 supported by record shipments in the quarter.

Iron Ore

·                  Annual supply record of 331.6 Mt(1) in 2014, including own production record of 319.2 Mt and 12.3 Mt of ore acquired from third parties.

·                  Annual production record in Carajás of 119.7 Mt in 2014, 14.8 Mt higher that in 2013.

·                  Annual production in the Southern System of 86.3 Mt in 2014, the highest annual mark since 2007, 7.3 Mt higher than in 2013.

·                  Quarterly production record for a fourth quarter of 83.0 Mt in 4Q14, 1.7 Mt higher than in 4Q13.

·                  Quarterly production record in Carajás of 34.9 Mt, 2.7 Mt higher than in 3Q14 and 3.3 Mt higher than in 4Q13.

·                  Quarterly transportation record of 32.9 Mt in the Estrada de Ferro Carajás (EFC) railway, 2.1 Mt higher than in 4Q13.

·                  Quarterly shipments record of 32.8 Mt in the Ponta da Madeira port, 1.5 Mt higher than in 4Q13.

Pellets

·                  Annual production, excluding Samarco´s output,  of 43.0 Mt in 2014, just 0.8 Mt below our target for the year and 4.0 Mt higher than in 2013.

·                  Annual production record in Oman of 8.6 Mt in 2014, 0.3 Mt higher than in 2013.

·                  Annual production record in Samarco of 12.1 Mt (attributable production) in 2014, 1.5 Mt higher than in 2013.

·                  Quarterly production record, excluding Samarco´s output, for a fourth quarter of 11.6 Mt in 4Q14, 0.2 Mt  higher than in 3Q14 and 1.2 Mt higher than in 4Q13.

·                  Quarterly production record in Oman of 2.4 Mt, 0.1 Mt higher than in 3Q14.

·                  Quarterly production record in Samarco of 3.5 Mt (attributable production) in 4Q14, 0.2 Mt higher than in 3Q14 and 2.7 Mt higher than in 4Q13.

Nickel

·                  Annual production of 275,000 t, the highest annual mark since 2008, despite the almost two month stoppage of VNC´s operation during the year.

·                  Annual production record in VNC of 19,000 t in 2014, 3,000 t higher than in 2013.

(1)  Excluding Samarco’s attributable production.

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·                  Annual production record in Onça Puma of 21,000 t in 2014, 19,000 t higher than in 2013.

·                  Annual production record at PT Vale Indonesia Tbk of 78,000 t of nickel in matte.

·                  Quarterly production record of 73,600 t, 1,500 t higher than in 3Q14 and 5,700 t higher than in 4Q13.

·                  Quarterly production of 6,200 t at VNC, the second best quarterly result for VNC finished nickel production and 2,400 t higher than in 3Q14 and 4,100 t higher than in 4Q13.

Copper

·                  Annual production record of 379,700 t in 2014, 9,600 t higher than in 2013.

·                  Annual production record at Salobo of 98,000 t in 2014, 33,000 t higher than in 2013.

·                  Quarterly production record of 105,400 t, 600 t higher than in 3Q14 and 10,800 t higher that in 4Q13.

·                  Quarterly production record at Salobo of 31,600 t, 5,700 t higher than in 3Q14 and 10,500 t higher than in 4Q13.

Gold

·                  Annual production record of 321,000 oz in 2014, 35,000 oz higher than in 2013.

·                  Quarterly production record of 93,600 oz, 9,600 oz higher than in 3Q14 and 5,300 oz higher than in 4Q13.

Coal

·                  Annual production of 8.6 Mt in 2014, 0.1 Mt  lower than in 2013.

·                  Annual production  record in Moatize of 4.9 Mt in 2014, 1.1 Mt higher than in 2013.

·                  Quarterly production of 2.3 Mt, slightly lower than in 3Q14, negatively impacted by the stoppage of the Integra coal mine in Australia.

·                  Quarterly production record in Moatize of 1.4 Mt, 0.1 Mt higher than in 3Q14 and 0.8 Mt higher than in 4Q13.

Phosphate Rock

·                  Annual production of 8.4 Mt in 2014, 0.1 Mt higher than in 2013, due to the good performance of Bayóvar.

Production Summary

(1) Excluding Samarco’s attributable production.

(2) Including Lubambe’s attributable production.

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Iron ore

(1)  Vale’s attributable production capacity of 50%.

Production overview

Vale’s own iron ore production, excluding iron ore acquired from third parties and Samarco’s attributable production, reached the record of 319.2 Mt in 2014, 19.4 Mt higher than in 2013 and 7.2 Mt higher than our guidance for 2014.

In 2014, Carajás achieved the production record of 119.7 Mt, representing an increase of 14.8 Mt in relation to 2013.

The Southern System produced 86.3 Mt in 2014 and achieved its best annual mark since 2007. This 2014  production represents an increase of over 9%  against the 79.0 Mt produced in 2013.

On a quarterly basis, Vale’s iron ore production — ex-Samarco´s attributable production — was 83.0 Mt in 4Q14, a new record for a fourth quarter.

Carajás achieved a new historical record with an output of 34.9 Mt in 4Q14, 8.4% and 10.4% higher than in 3Q14 and in 4Q13, respectively.

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In 4Q14, Vale transported 32.9 Mt in its Estrada de Ferro Carajás (EFC), a new quarterly record, 2.1 Mt higher than in 4Q13, and its shipments reached 32.8 Mt, also a new quarterly record, 1.5 Mt higher than in 4Q13.

Northern System

This production of 34.9 Mt in Carajás is a result of the ramp-ups of Plant 2 and Serra Leste in 4Q14. Plant 2 produced 4.9 Mt in the quarter, 0.6 Mt more than in 3Q14.

Southeastern System

The Southeastern System, which encompasses the Itabira, Minas Centrais and Mariana mining hubs, produced 26.4 Mt in 4Q14, 7.9% lower than in 3Q14. Despite the good production in Conceição Itabiritos (CI), the Minas Centrais mining hub experienced scheduled maintenance stoppages in 4Q14.

Production in the Itabira mining hub was 0.5% higher than in 3Q14 due to the ramp-up of CI. Output of CI was 2.3 Mt, 0.5 Mt higher than in 3Q14.

Production in the Minas Centrais mining hub was 7.2 Mt in 4Q14, 19.5% and 20.9% lower than in 3Q14 and 4Q13, respectively, as a result of the scheduled maintenance stoppage for the implementation of Brucutu´s 5th production line which will allow the plant´s production to increase by 30% in 2015.

Output in the Mariana mining hub reached 9.6 Mt, 5.5% lower than in 3Q14, as a result of the mining plan for the year.

Southern System

The Southern System, composed of the Paraopeba, Vargem Grande and Minas Itabirito mining hubs, produced 20.1 Mt in 4Q14, 13.4% lower than in 3Q14 due to maintenance stoppage in some units.

Production at the Paraopeba mining hub was 17.3% lower than in 3Q14 mainly due to corrective maintenance in the crushing system.

Production at the Vargem Grande mining hub was 8.8% lower than in 3Q14 due to a corrective maintenance in the conveyor belt.

Production at the Minas Itabirito mining hub was 13.6% lower than in 3Q14, mainly due to the preventive maintenance in the crushing system.

Midwestern System

The Midwestern System, comprising the Urucum and Corumbá mining hubs, produced 1.5 Mt in 4Q14, 0.1 Mt and 0.2 Mt lower than in 3Q14 and in 4Q13, respectively, due to the beginning of the rainy season.

As previously disclosed, production in the Midwestern system was reduced in 2014 for an adjustment in inventory levels. Therefore production was slightly lower than in 2013 without any impact on sales.

Samarco

In 4Q14 Samarco´s pellet feed production (dedicated to pellet production) was 3.8 Mt, 1.6% higher than in 3Q14.

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Pellets

(1) Production attributable to Vale on a pro forma basis. In July 2012, we entered into a leasing contract for the Hispanobras pelletizing operation. As a consequence, their production is being consolidated 100% on a pro forma basis.

(2) Vale’s attributable production capacity of 50%.

Production overview

Excluding Samarco’s attributable production of 12,1 Mt, Vale’s pellet production reached 43,0 Mt in 2014, 0.8 Mt lower than the target for the year. Pellet production was 10.2% higher than in 2013 as a result of the start-up of the Tubarão VIII and the ramp-up of the Oman pellet plants.

In 4Q14, production achieved 11.6 Mt, a new record for a fourth quarter, being 1.7% and 11.8% higher than in 3Q14 and in 4Q13, respectively.

Southeastern System

Production volumes at the Tubarão operating plants — Nibrasco, Kobrasco, Hispanobras, Itabrasco and Tubarão VIII — was 7.1 Mt in 4Q14, 5.4% higher than in 3Q14 and 24.0% higher than in 4Q13, mostly due to the ramp-up of Tubarão VIII and the good operational performance of Kobrasco after the scheduled maintenance performed in 3Q14.

Southern System

The Fábrica pellet plant produced 0.8 Mt of pellets in 4Q14, 11.6% and 18.3% lower than in 3Q14 and in 4Q13 respectively, due to restrictions on pellet feed supply from the mine .

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The Vargem Grande pellet output was 1.4 Mt, 8.5% and 3.1% lower than in 3Q14 and in 4Q13 respectively, due to a maintenance stoppage carried out in 4Q14.

Oman operations

The Oman operation produced 8.6 Mt and 2.4 Mt of direct reduction pellets in 2014 and 4Q14, respectively, registering a new annual and quarterly record.

Samarco

Samarco´s attributable production was 12.1 Mt in 2014, 1.5 Mt higher than in 2013 and an annual record.

In 4Q14 Samarco´s attributable production reached the record of 3.5 Mt, 6.3% and 28.1% higher than in 3Q14 and in 4Q13, respectively, due to the ramp-up of pellet plant IV, which reached attributable production of 0.9 Mt in the current quarter.

Samarco´s pellet plant IV has a nominal capacity of 8.3 Mtpy.

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Manganese ore and ferroalloys

Production overview

In 2014, manganese ore production was slightly lower and the output of ferroalloys was 2.6% lower than in 2013.

Production of manganese ore, on a quarter-on-quarter basis, reached 723,000 t in 4Q14, the best performance for a fourth quarter since 4Q04.

Manganese ore production

Output from the Carajás Azul manganese mine increased by 6.6% when compared to 3Q14, reaching 513,000 t in 4Q14, as a result of the recovery of ore from the tailing dams.

In 4Q14, output from Urucum reached the record of 177,000 t, 12.0% higher than in 3Q14 and 51.1% higher than in 4Q13, mostly driven by operational improvements carried out in its beneficiation plant in 4Q13.

Since 4Q13, we have been processing dumped ore due to the geological conditions in the north section of Morro da Mina. We expect to return to normal levels of production during 1H15 by exploring the south section of the mine.

Ferroalloys production

Production of ferroalloys was in line with 3Q14 and 18.5% lower than in 4Q13 due to a decision to shut down furnaces and sell energy.

Ferroalloy quarterly production was comprised of 21,000 t of ferrosilicon manganese alloys (FeSiMn), 15,100 t of high-carbon manganese alloys (FeMnHc) and 4,800 t of medium-carbon manganese alloys (FeMnMC).

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Nickel

Finished production by source

(1) External feed purchased from third parties and processed into finished nickel in our operations

Production overview

Production of nickel reached 275,000 t in 2014. This is Vale´s highest annual production since 2008 despite being short of our annual guidance of 289,000 t.

Nickel production reached 73,600 t in 4Q14, 2.1% and 8.4% higher than in 3Q14 and in 4Q13, respectively. Production in 4Q14 achieved a new record despite  the operational issues in Sudbury in 4Q14.

Canadian Operations

In 4Q14, production from Sudbury mine sources was 15,100 t, 33.1% and 16.2% lower than in 3Q14 and 4Q13, respectively. Sudbury experienced operational issues in the smelter and matte processing which restricted throughput in 4Q14.

Production from Thompson mine sources was 6,500 t in 4Q14, 27.3% higher than in 3Q14 and 2.9% higher than 4Q13. Operations resumed after the annual planned maintenance carried out in the month of August and operated normally in the 4th quarter.

Voisey’s Bay mine sources production amounted to 12,600 t in 4Q14, 38.6% higher than in 3Q14 and 25.3% lower than in 4Q13.

Commissioning of Long Harbour continues as planned with the initial processing of nickel in matte from PTVI and the processing of nickel from Voisey´s Bay at the end of 2015.

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Indonesian Operations

In 4Q14, production of nickel in matte from our Indonesian operations at Sorowako totaled 20,600 t, 6.6% higher than in 3Q14 and 12.5% higher than in 4Q13.

The production of finished nickel from matte sourced from PTVI reached 20,300 t, 3.1%  lower than in 3Q14 and 2.6% lower than in 4Q13, respectively.

New Caledonia Operations (VNC)

VNC production of NiO and NHC was 6,700 t in 4Q14, a new record for the operation. VNC continued its  ramp up in 4Q14, operating consistently with two HPAL’s most of the time.

Production of finished products (NHC and Utility Nickel) from VNC totaled 6,200 t in 4Q14.

Brazilian Operation (Onça Puma)

Annual production record at Onça Puma of 21,000 t in 2014, 19,000 t higher than in 2013.

The output was 5,000 t in 4Q14, 13.3% lower than in 3Q14. As disclosed in the 3Q14 production report, a shutdown of approximately ten days was carried out in the 4Q14 to permanently repair the refractory in the rotary kiln furnace.

The operation restarted normally and set the new monthly production record of 2,100 t in the month of December.

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Copper

Finished production by source

Production overview

Copper production achieved the new annual record of 379,700 t in 2014. Production was 25,300 t lower than our guidance for the year, mainly impacted by tie-ins between Salobo I and II as we continue to ramp-up the second line of Salobo.

In 4Q14, copper output was 105,400 t, 0.6%  and 11.4% higher than  in 3Q14 and in 4Q13, respectively, reaching a historical production record.

Brazilian Operations

Production of copper in 4Q14 at the Sossego mine totaled 26,900 t in the form of copper in concentrates, 11.8% and 15,2% lower than in 3Q14 and 4Q13, respectively, due primarily to unplanned maintenance in November at the primary crusher.

Production of copper in 4Q14 at Salobo totaled 31,600 t, a new record for that operation as a result of the ongoing ramp up of Salobo II.

Canadian Operations

Copper produced from Sudbury mine sources reached 23,300 t, 24.4% and 3.8% lower than in 3Q14 and in 4Q13, respectively, as 3Q14 included production from the drawdown of a stockpile

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which accumulated during the 2Q14 schedule maintenance shutdown.

Production from Voisey’s Bay mine sources was 11,400 t of copper in copper concentrate, 54.2% and 32.8% higher than in 3Q14 and in 4Q13. The Voisey’s Bay mill carried out a scheduled maintenance shutdown in 3Q14 and operated fully in the 4th quarter.

African Operation (Lubambe)

Lubambe, our Zambian JV, is ramping up and delivering 6,000 t of copper in concentrates on a 100% basis (attributable production of 2,400 t). Lubambe has a nominal capacity of 45,000 t per year.

Chile Operation — discontinued operation

As previously announced, Vale completed the sale of Tres Valles in Chile on December 9th, 2013.

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Nickel and copper by-products

Finished production by source

Gold

In 2014, gold  achieved a record output of 321,000 oz.

Gold production amounted to 93,600 oz in 4Q14, 11.4% higher than in 3Q14, reaching the best performance ever due to the ramp-up of Salobo.

Cobalt

Cobalt production of 3,743 t in 2014 was a yearly record. Output of cobalt reached 1,266 t in 4Q14, 43.1% higher than in 3Q14, mainly reflecting the increasing processing of Voisey’s Bay sources through our Canadian smelters as a result of the end of the planned maintenance shutdowns and also the improved performance of VNC.

Platinum and palladium

Platinum output was 52,000 oz and palladium was 111,500 oz, both in line with the previous quarter.

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Coal