UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FORM 6-K
REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 UNDER
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the month of July 2007
PEARSON plc
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
N/A
(Translation of registrant's name into English)
80 Strand
London, England WC2R 0RL
44-20-7010-2000
(Address of principal executive office)
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant files or will file annual reports
under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:
Form 20-F X Form 40-F
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant by furnishing the information
contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the
Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Yes No X
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This Report includes the following documents:
1. A press release from Pearson plc announcing 'Interim Results'
30 July 2007
PEARSON 2007 INTERIM RESULTS
- Sustained growth. Underlying sales up 6% to GBP1.7bn; operating profit up
48% to GBP91m; adjusted EPS up from 1.1p to 3.1p; interim dividend raised by
6% to 11.1p.
- Strong performance in all businesses. Education increases sales by 7%
and moves into first-half profit of GBP5m. FT Group revenues up 8% with
profits up 28% and Penguin revenues up 1% with profits 11% higher.
- Market leadership strengthened. Leadership of worldwide education
industry extended through organic investment and acquisitions of eCollege
and Harcourt's assessment and international education businesses. FT Group
benefiting from rapid growth at Mergermarket; sale of Les Echos under way.
- Full-year guidance raised. Guidance for full-year sales raised to 5%-7%
underlying growth in Professional education and to 10%-12% growth in IDC
(headline growth under US GAAP). Other businesses trading in line with
previous guidance. Pearson's profits are always heavily weighted to the
second half.
Marjorie Scardino, chief executive, said:
"Our half-year results are always just a hint of our potential for the year, but
certainly a strong hint this year. The Financial Times Group is showing the
value of its unique strategy; Penguin's publishing and profit are both solid and
promising, as is its approach to change in publishing; and in Education we
continue to set the pace as we use technology to personalise learning.
"Our investments in content, technology, international expansion and efficiency
have put us in a position to lead, and we're leading. While our markets are
changing fast, we are continuing to innovate to stay ahead of that change. That
dynamic strategy will make 2007 another good year, and makes this quality of
performance sustainable."
GBP millions Half year Half year Headline Underlying Full year
2007 2006 growth growth 2006
-------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------
Business performance
Sales 1,722 1,674 3% 6% 4,051
Adjusted operating
profit -
continuing 91 62 47% 48% 565
Adjusted profit
before tax 54 31 74% -- 502
Adjusted earnings 25 9 178% -- 321
Adjusted earnings
per share 3.1p 1.1p 182% -- 40.2
Operating cash
flow (181) (183) 1% -- 575
Operating free
cash flow (265) (249) (6)% -- 434
Net debt 1,432 1,611 11% -- 1,059
-------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------
Statutory results
Operating profit 75 54 39% -- 535
Profit before tax 40 14 186% -- 461
Basic
earnings/(loss) (104) 7 -- -- 446
Basic
earnings/(loss)
per share (13.0)p 0.9p -- -- 55.9p
-------------------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------
Dividend per share 11.1p 10.5p 6% -- 29.3p
Throughout this statement, we refer to business performance measures and growth
rates on an underlying basis unless otherwise stated. 'Underlying' means growth
excluding currency impact and businesses acquired or sold. The 'business
performance' measures are non-GAAP measures and reconciliations to the
equivalent statutory heading under IFRS are included in notes to the accounts 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, 11 and 14. Adjusted profit measures are presented to show business
performance and therefore exclude: i) other net gains and losses arising in
connection with the sale of subsidiaries, investments and associates; ii)
amortisation of acquired intangible assets; and iii) short-term fluctuations in
the market value of financial instruments (under IAS39) and other currency
movements (under IAS21).
2007 OUTLOOK
Due to the seasonal phasing of our education and consumer book businesses,
Pearson makes most of its sales and profits in the second half. However, based
on our trading performance in the first half, we remain confident that 2007 will
be another good year for Pearson as we continue to increase margins and grow
faster than our markets. Although our headline results will be affected by the
weakness of the US dollar, we expect to achieve strong underlying growth on our
key financial measures: earnings, cash generation and return on invested
capital. Our outlook for underlying growth for the full year is:
- Pearson Education (64% of 2006 sales; 68% of operating profit). Our
Professional education division is performing strongly, ahead of our
expectations in both testing and publishing, and we now expect it to grow
sales by 5-7% for the year (against previous guidance of 'broadly level').
We continue to expect School to achieve sales growth in the 4-6% range and
Higher Education to grow in the 3-5% range. We continue to expect margins to
improve again in School and Professional, and to be stable in Higher
Education.
- Penguin (21% of 2006 sales; 11% of operating profit). We continue to
expect to improve margins further, as our publishing investment and
efficiency programmes bear fruit.
- Financial Times Group (15% of 2006 sales; 21% of operating profit). We
continue to expect strong profit growth with FT Publishing margins moving
into double digits in 2007. At IDC, we now expect to achieve revenue growth
in the 10-12% range and net income growth in the 20%-24% range (headline
growth under US GAAP) against previous guidance of revenue growth in the
6-9% range and net income growth in the high single-digits to low
double-digits.
Acquisitions and disposals. In May we announced the acquisitions of eCollege and
the Harcourt assessments and international education businesses, for a total of
$1.4bn, of which the majority will be paid in the second half. We continue to
expect these acquisitions to have a broadly neutral effect on adjusted earnings
per share in 2007 and 2008 as a result of integration costs (which are expensed)
and the interest charge on our higher level of net debt. We expect these
acquisitions to enhance Pearson's adjusted earnings per share and return on
invested capital from 2009.
In February 2007, we received GBP286m in cash from the sale of our Government
Solutions business. The sale of Les Echos is under way.
Interest and tax. We expect our interest charge to be higher than in 2006, as a
result of our higher level of net debt following recent acquisitions, and the
effect of higher interest rates on our floating rate debt. We expect our
effective tax rate to be in the 28-30% range.
Cash. We expect another good cash performance, well ahead of our 80% target
conversion threshold.
Exchange rates. Pearson generates around two-thirds of its sales in the US and
each five cent change in the average GBP:$ exchange rate for the full year
(which in 2006 was GBP1:$1.84) would have a translation impact of approximately
1p on adjusted earnings per share. The average rate during the first half of
2007 was GBP1:$1.98 and the closing rate at the end of June was GBP1:$2.01.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information:
Luke Swanson / Simon Mays-Smith + 44 (0) 20 7010 2310
Pearson's results presentation for investors and analysts will be webcast live
today from 09.00 (BST) and available for replay from 12.00 (BST) via
www.pearson.com. We are holding a conference call for US investors today at
15.00 (BST) / 10.00 (EDT). To participate please dial in on +1 866 966 5335
(inside the US) or +44 20 3023 4415 (outside the US). Video interviews with
Marjorie Scardino and Robin Freestone are also available at www.pearson.com.
High resolution photographs are available for the media at www.newscast.co.uk.
OVERVIEW
Pearson's underlying sales increased 6% in the first half of the year and
adjusted operating profit increased by 48% to GBP91m. Adjusted earnings per
share improved to 3.1p, from 1.1p in 2006. Operating cash flow improved by GBP2m
to an outflow of GBP(181)m and our average working capital to sales ratio
improved to 26.1% (from 27.3% in the first half of 2006).
Our statutory results show an increase in operating profit to GBP75m (GBP54m in
2006). Statutory profit before tax was GBP40m (GBP14m in 2006). Statutory
earnings for the period show a loss of GBP(104)m, caused by a one-off non-cash
tax charge which arises because the sale of Government Solutions straddled two
reporting periods. When the sale was announced last year, we recorded a tax
credit in the 2006 statutory results; this year that credit has been reversed on
completion of the disposal.
Our net borrowings were GBP1,432m (GBP1,611m in 2006). On 15 February, we
received GBP286m in cash proceeds from the sale of our Government Solutions
business. In May we announced the acquisitions of eCollege and the Harcourt
assessment and international education businesses for a total of $1.4bn. We paid
GBP167m in respect of acquisitions in the first half, primarily related to parts
of Harcourt, and we will pay the balance as we complete the regulatory processes
for these acquisitions.
The board has declared an interim dividend of 11.1p per share, a 6% increase on
2006, reflecting this strong financial performance and its confidence in the
outlook for the full year.
GBP millions Half year Half year Headline growth Underlying Full year
2007 2006 growth 2006
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
Sales
School 665 625 6% 8% 1,455
Higher
Education 195 206 (5)% 3% 795
Professional 163 156 4% 9% 341
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
Pearson
Education 1,023 987 4% 7% 2,591
FT Publishing 164 135 21% 7% 280
IDC 168 165 2% 9% 332
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
FT Group 332 300 11% 8% 612
Penguin 367 387 (5)% 1% 848
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
Total
continuing 1,722 1,674 3% 6% 4,051
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
Adjusted operating
profit
School 42 36 17% 22% 184
Higher
Education (51) (53) 4% (4)% 161
Professional 14 8 75% 88% 38
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
Pearson
Education 5 (9) -- -- 383
FT Publishing 23 11 109% 73% 27
IDC 45 42 7% 17% 89
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
FT Group 68 53 28% 28% 116
Penguin 18 18 0% 11% 66
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
Total
continuing 91 62 47% 48% 565
Discontinued 2 11 -- -- 27
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
Total
operating
profit 93 73 27% 48% 592
SCHOOL
GBP millions Half year Half year Headline Underlying Full year
2007 2006 growth growth 2006
-------------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Sales 665 625 6% 8% 1,455
Adjusted
operating
profit 42 36 17% 22% 184
Market share gains in US school
- Market-leading performance in US school publishing. Pearson takes an estimated
30% market share of total new adoptions (and 31% where we competed), with the #1
or #2 position in reading, maths, science and social studies. Good start in the
open territories, where trading is more concentrated in the second half of the
year.
- Continued share gains in school testing, building on excellent record of
contract wins in 2005 and 2006. New long-term contracts in Ohio (renewal) and
Minnesota (renewal and extension).
- Strong growth in sales of college textbooks to schools for Advanced Placement
courses supported by customised version of MyMathLab for the school market.
- Leading position in teacher certification market, as a result of integration
of National Evaluation Services (NES). Award of the the Florida teacher
certification contract, to be developed by NES and delivered through our
professional testing centres.
- Acquisition of Harcourt Assessment brings Pearson an extensive catalogue of
high quality research-based education and clinical assessment products for
children and adults including the Stanford Achievement Test for school students,
Miller Analogies Test for graduate school applicants and the Wechsler
Intelligence Scales for clinical assessment.
Rapid growth in school technology
- Continued strong performance from digital Social Studies programme in
California and recognition of the programme by the Association of Educational
Publishers with a Distinguished Achievement Award.
- Digital supplementary businesses benefiting from a shift in school spending
from traditional print supplementary products to digital services with timely
diagnosis, intervention and remediation.
- Leadership in online assessment with 2.3 million secure online tests delivered
across 12 states in the first half.
- Successful integration of PowerSchool and Chancery acquisitions, creating the
leading school student information systems business. Strong new business
momentum with key customers added in large US districts such as Ann Arbor, MI
(over 17,000 students) and Garden Grove, CA (over 50,000 students). Good track
record of delivery including the successful completion of the first year of
implementation at Houston Independent School District (over 210,000 students).
PowerTeacher, a gradebook and classroom management technology, launched
successfully.
Focus on personalisation and school solutions; integration of print and digital
businesses.
- Reorganisation of Pearson School companies under way, with three major
objectives:
1. Accelerating the integration of content, assessment, data and
technology capabilities to personalise learning;
2. Providing schools and districts an integrated suite of services to
raise student achievement and institutional productivity;
3. Integrating the product development process and teams across print,
supplemental and digital products.
- Reorganisation costs expensed in 2007; will support continued growth and
steady margin improvement in the School business.
Continued growth and margin improvement in International; Harcourt acquisition
adds scale and reach
- Acquisition of Harcourt Education International brings leading content for
school and vocational customers in many markets including the UK, Australia and
New Zealand. Transaction will add further scale to Pearson's international
education businesses and accelerate the combination of educational content and
innovative technology to personalise learning.
- Good start to the year in International school publishing, with encouraging
new adoption results across a diverse range of markets and regions including
Hong Kong, Singapore, Spain, the Middle East and Africa. New programmes for the
secondary and adult markets seeing good take-up with revenues building strongly.
Strategy of connecting content, assessment and technology to personalise
learning being applied internationally, benefiting from US technology platforms.
- English Adventure, our primary English Language Training (ELT) course
developed with Disney, has been successfully launched worldwide and is now our
bestselling ELT course.
- In the UK, we have marked 4.6 million GCSE, AS and A-Level scripts on-screen
in the first half and over 13 million in total to date. Results Plus rolled out
across the UK providing more than 2,100 schools and more than 36,000 students
with secure online access to question-level examination performance data on exam
results day for the first time.
- In Italy, Paravia Bruno Mondadori (PBM) integration ahead of plan and good
performance in 2007 adoptions. Investing to broaden product offering and expand
addressable market.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HIGHER EDUCATION
GBP millions Half year Half year Headline Underlying Full year 2006
-------------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
2007 2006 Growth growth
-------------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Sales 195 206 (5)% 3% 795
Adjusted
operating
profit (51) (53) 4% (4)% 161
- Pearson's Higher Education business is traditionally loss-making in the first
half, as it invests ahead of two major selling seasons in the US: July / August
(ahead of the first college semester) and December (ahead of the second
semester).
- Higher Education sales up 3%; sustained investment in new content, assessment
technologies and custom solutions services.
- Continued strong growth from custom publishing as Pearson extends leadership
in print custom publishing to custom media and full service curriculum
solutions.
- Good start to the year internationally with our investment in local
adaptations of our bestselling franchises, first editions by local authors,
custom publishing and personalised learning strategy continuing to fuel good
growth.
Rapid growth from online homework and assessment programmes
- 14 new subject-specific 'MyLab' digital homework and assessment programmes
launched in 2007, increasing the total number to 30. These programmes support
over 1,000 textbooks and will be used by approximately 3 million students in
2007. Evaluation studies show significant learning gains for students and
efficiency improvements for institutions.
- More than 1m US college students register for Pearson's online learning
programmes in the first half, an increase of 25%.
- Increasing institution-wide solutions sales, including winning the
introductory computing adoption at the Miami Dade Community College System, one
of the largest in United States, with our GO! series of materials combined with
our new MyITLab programme.
Acquisition of eCollege, a leader in online distance learning.
- Purchase of eCollege for $477m announced in May and expected to close shortly.
- 30% estimated annual growth rate for students taking online post-secondary
qualifications with US institutions (Source: Eduventures). eCollege has played a
particular role in helping educational institutions broaden access to
post-secondary education for students who may be unable to attend full-time.
- Acquisition will enable Pearson to provide Higher Education customers with a
full range of services across content, curriculum development, formative
assessment, homework technologies and outsourced solutions.
- Pearson's scale and reach will enable eCollege to serve new customers in
school, postsecondary education and vocational/ professional markets in the US
and around the world.
Reorganisation of US Higher Education business; focus on educational solutions
- Reorganisation to support transformation from textbook publisher to
educational technology, services and solutions company. Shift from two competing
companies and salesforces into two discipline-specific companies organised
around Higher Education institutions (Pearson Professional & Career and Pearson
Arts & Sciences).
- Both companies supported by centralised operations, distribution and
technology organisation.
PROFESSIONAL
GBP millions Half year Half year Headline Underlying Full year 2006
-------------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
2007 2006 growth growth
-------------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Sales 163 156 4% 9% 341
Adjusted
operating
profit 14 8 75% 88% 38
- With the sale of Government Solutions, completed in February, our Professional
businesses are focussed on publishing for professional readers in business and
technology, and testing and certifying adults to be professionals.
Rapid growth in professional testing
- Pearson VUE continues to achieve strong sales growth and significant margin
improvement, benefiting from our major contract wins in recent years and our
investment in a network of approximately 500 company-owned test centres
worldwide.
- Strong volume growth on existing long-term contracts including the NCLEX
nurses test, the GMAT business school test and the DSA/DVTA driving theory test.
- Good new contract performance, including the National Commission on
Certification of Physician Assistants (NCCPA) and an exclusive agreement with
Cisco; and strong renewals, including the Institute of Financial Services (IFS)
and the American Registry of Radiological Technologists (ARRT).
Further margin improvement in professional publishing
- Professional Publishing achieves modest sales growth after several years of
decline caused by weak demand for technology-related books.
- Continued cost actions improving margins: technology publishing profits
benefiting from reduction in publishing list and overheads.
- Strong growth from our digital distribution joint-venture, Safari Books
Online, and other digital initiatives.
- Good growth from our business publishing imprints, Wharton School Publishing,
FT Press and FT Prentice Hall.
FINANCIAL TIMES GROUP
GBP millions Half year Half year Headline Underlying Full year
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
2007 2006 growth growth 2006
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
Sales
FT Publishing 164 135 21% 7% 280
IDC 168 165 2% 9% 332
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
Total 332 300 11% 8% 612
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
Adjusted operating profit
FT Publishing 23 11 109% 73% 27
IDC 45 42 7% 17% 89
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
Total 68 53 28% 28% 116
--------------- --------- --------- -------- --------- ---------
FT Publishing portfolio continues to shift towards global businesses and
subscription revenues
- Mergermarket, acquired in 2006 for GBP101m, increases sales by 73% (pro forma
basis) and contributes GBP4m of operating profit in the first half. Mergermarket
is benefiting from 95%+ renewal rates for its established services and rapid
growth in new products.
- Sale of Les Echos under way. In 2006, Les Echos contributed EUR10m (GBP6m) of
operating profit to Pearson.
Continued growth and margin improvement at FT Publishing
- FT Publishing revenues up 7% (with advertising revenues also up 7%) and
operating profit up to GBP23m (GBP11m in 2006).
- Strong growth from the Financial Times:
o More paying readers. FT newspaper circulation up 1% to 450,000, with
12% increase in subscriptions; FT.com subscribers up 12% to 97,000 (on
the same period last year).
o More content revenues. Cover price increases for all editions (UK from
GBP1 to GBP1.30 Monday-Friday and from GBP1.50 to GBP1.80 for the
Weekend FT; US $1.50 to $2; Europe EUR2.60 to EUR3).
o More advertising. FT advertising revenues up 5% in the first half
benefiting from its global reach and online presence.
- Strong trading performance at FT Business; integration with the FT Newspaper
operations concentrating on vertical and niche markets progressing well, both in
print and online.
- The Economist, in which Pearson owns a 50% stake, increases circulation by 9%
to 1.2m (for the July-December ABC period). FT Deutschland sees good circulation
growth, up 2% to 105,000. Continued innovation at FTSE into new markets and
products continues to drive strong revenue growth.
Growth accelerating at Interactive Data
- Underlying sales growth of 9% driven primarily by strong sales to both
existing and new customers, and 95%+ renewal rate within its Institutional
Services segment.
- Pricing and Reference Data continues to generate good growth in North America
and Europe, and has continued to broaden its coverage of complex securities,
introducing a new service for independent valuations of interest rate swaps in
June 2007.
- Real-Time Services continues to experience strong growth due to strong new
sales to institutions. Highlights for this business included its first new
customer for DirectPlus, a new ultra low latency, direct exchange data service.
- Interactive Data Fixed Income Analytics has made its new fixed income analytic
datafeed service, Analytix Direct, available to Interactive Data 's evaluated
pricing clients in North America.
- In addition to expanding its business with active traders, eSignal also
generated higher online advertising revenue across its financial websites.
- IDC reported second-quarter and first-half 2007 results on 26 July 2007,
available at www.interactivedata.com.
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PENGUIN
GBP millions Half year Half year Headline Underlying Full year 2006
-------------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
2007 2006 Growth growth
-------------- -------- --------- ---------- ---------- ---------
Sales 367 387 (5)% 1% 848
Adjusted
operating
profit 18 18 0% 11% 66
- Sales up 1% and profits up 11% with further margin improvement.
- Steady sales performance in the US and UK despite challenging retail market
conditions; faster growth in international markets and through digital channels.
- Operating profit benefits from ongoing efficiency gains in production,
warehousing, distribution and many other areas.
Great publishing
- In the US, Khaled Hosseini's second novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns, topped
the New York Times hardcover fiction bestseller list and has 1.4 million copies
in print. (His first, The Kite Runner, has been a New York Times paperback
bestseller for 124 weeks so far). Other New York Times #1 bestsellers include Al
Gore's The Assault on Reason and Elizabeth Gilbert's Eat, Pray, Love.
- In the UK, Penguin named Publisher of the Year at the British Book Industry
Awards. Marian Keyes' novel Anybody Out There topped the fiction bestseller list
and has 600,000 copies in print. Other best-sellers included Jamie Oliver's Cook
with Jamie and Charlie Higson's new Young Bond title Double or Die.
- Benefiting from Penguin's international reach, Kim Edwards' first novel The
Memory Keeper's Daughter was a global #1 bestseller for Penguin in the US, UK,
Australia and Canada.
- Strong second-half publishing schedule. Key authors include Alan Greenspan,
Patricia Cornwell, Sue Grafton, Nick Hornby, Naomi Klein, Jamie Oliver and
Jeremy Clarkson.
Continued innovation
- Continued innovation in new publishing formats (further growth with the
pioneering US premium paperback), genres (Penguin leads the US industry in the
fast-growing paranormal fiction category) and sales channels (both sold via
online retailers and Penguin's own websites; audiobooks via iTunes; Rough Guides
via Motorola Razr phones).
International expansion
- In India, Penguin won all three major categories at the Crossword Awards,
India's biggest book awards: best fiction (Sacred Games by Vikram Chandra), best
nonfiction (An Equal Music by Vikram Seth) and popular fiction (The Inheritance
of Loss by Kiran Desai). Penguin India's business publishing imprint, Portfolio,
has continued to do well since its launch last year.
- In China, Penguin will publish 30 Penguin Classics Titles this Autumn
(including Wuthering Heights, The Prince and The Way We Live Now) in Chinese, in
partnership with the Chongqing Publishing Group.
ENDS
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Except for the historical information contained herein, the matters discussed in
this press release include forward-looking statements that involve risk and
uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those
predicted by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties
include international, national and local conditions, as well as competition.
They also include other risks detailed from time to time in the company's
publicly-filed documents, including the company's Annual Report on form 20-F.
The company undertakes no obligation to update publicly any forward looking
statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Condensed consolidated income statement
for the six months to 30 June 2007
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions note half year half year full year
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Continuing operations
Sales 2 1,722 1,674 4,051
Cost of goods sold (826) (811) (1,875)
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Gross profit 896 863 2,176
Operating expenses (832) (819) (1,665)
Other net gains and losses - - -
Share of results of joint ventures
and associates 11 10 24
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Operating profit 2 75 54 535
Finance costs 3 (57) (70) (133)
Finance income 3 22 30 59
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Profit before tax 4 40 14 461
Income tax 5 (11) (4) (9)
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Profit for the period from
continuing operations 29 10 452
Discontinued operations
(Loss) / profit for the period from
discontinued operations 7 (122) 7 17
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
(Loss) / profit for the period (93) 17 469
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company (104) 7 446
Minority interest 11 10 23
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
(Loss) / earnings per share from continuing and discontinued
operations (in pence per share)
Basic 6 (13.0)p 0.9p 55.9p
Diluted 6 (13.0)p 0.9p 55.8p
Earnings per share from continuing
operations (in pence per share)
Basic 6 2.3p - p 53.7p
Diluted 6 2.3p - p 53.6p
The accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements form
an integral part of the interim financial information.
Condensed consolidated statement of recognised income and expense
for the six months to 30 June 2007
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions note half year half year full year
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net exchange differences on
translation of foreign operations (39) (228) (417)
Actuarial gains on defined benefit pension and
post-retirement
medical plans 134 96 107
Taxation on items charged to equity 8 - 12
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net income / (expense) recognised
directly in equity 103 (132) (298)
(Loss) / profit for the period (93) 17 469
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Total recognised income and expense
for the period 10 (115) 171
Attributable to:
Equity holders of the Company 13 (1) (125) 148
Minority interest 11 10 23
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Condensed consolidated balance sheet
as at 30 June 2007
-------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions note half year half year full year
-------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Property, plant and equipment 342 363 348
Intangible assets 10 3,641 3,869 3,581
Investments in joint ventures and
associates 26 33 20
Deferred income tax assets 353 391 417
Financial assets - Derivative
financial instruments 16 39 36
Retirement benefit asset 40 - -
Other financial assets 52 18 17
Other receivables 126 120 124
-------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Non-current assets 4,596 4,833 4,543
Intangible assets - Pre-publication 437 442 402
Inventories 437 462 354
Trade and other receivables 984 976 953
Financial assets - Derivative
financial instruments 19 31 50
Financial assets - Marketable
securities 28 - 25
Cash and cash equivalents
(excluding overdrafts) 383 649 592
-------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Current assets 2,288 2,560 2,376
Non-current assets classified as
held for sale 45 - 294
-------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Total assets 6,929 7,393 7,213
Financial liabilities - Borrowings (1,471) (1,703) (1,148)
Financial liabilities - Derivative
financial instruments (28) (37) (19)
Deferred income tax liabilities (252) (202) (245)
Retirement benefit obligations (81) (270) (250)
Provisions for other liabilities
and charges (37) (14) (29)
Other liabilities (116) (110) (162)
-------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Non-current liabilities (1,985) (2,336) (1,853)
Trade and other liabilities (891) (866) (998)
Financial liabilities - Borrowings (392) (590) (595)
Current income tax liabilities (61) (110) (74)
Provisions for other liabilities
and charges (14) (27) (23)
-------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Current liabilities (1,358) (1,593) (1,690)
Liabilities directly associated
with non-current assets held for
sale (46) - (26)
-------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Total liabilities (3,389) (3,929) (3,569)
-------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Net assets 3,540 3,464 3,644
Share capital 203 202 202
Share premium 2,493 2,479 2,487
Treasury shares (224) (181) (189)
Reserves 892 791 976
-------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Total equity attributable to equity
holders of the Company 3,364 3,291 3,476
Minority interest 176 173 168
-------------------------------- ------ ------- ------- -------
Total equity 13 3,540 3,464 3,644
The condensed consolidated financial statements were approved for issue by the
board on 29 July 2007.
Condensed consolidated cash flow statement
for the six months to 30 June 2007
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions note half year half year full year
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Cash flows from operating activities
Net cash (used in) / generated from
operations 14 (188) (156) 621
Interest paid (50) (53) (106)
Tax paid (48) (26) (59)
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net cash (used in) / generated from
operating activities (286) (235) 456
Cash flows from investing activities
Acquisition of subsidiaries, net of
cash acquired (167) (273) (363)
Acquisition of joint ventures and
associates (2) (4) (4)
Purchase of property, plant and
equipment (PPE) (30) (33) (68)
Proceeds from sale of PPE - 1 8
Purchase of intangible assets (14) (8) (29)
Disposal of subsidiaries, net of
cash disposed 289 6 10
Interest received 5 13 24
Dividends received from joint
ventures and associates 3 14 45
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net cash generated from / (used in)
investing activities 84 (284) (377)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of ordinary
shares 7 3 11
Purchase of treasury shares (51) (27) (36)
Proceeds from borrowings 597 477 84
Liquid resources acquired (4) (11) (24)
Repayment of borrowings (391) - (145)
Finance lease principal payments (1) (2) (3)
Dividends paid to Company's
shareholders (150) (136) (220)
Dividends paid to minority
interests (4) - (15)
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net cash generated from / (used in)
financing activities 3 304 (348)
Effects of exchange rate changes on
cash and cash equivalents 7 (21) (44)
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net decrease in cash and cash
equivalents (192) (236) (313)
Cash and cash equivalents at the
beginning of the period 531 844 844
-------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Cash and cash equivalents at the
end of the period 339 608 531
For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents are
presented net of overdrafts repayable on demand. These overdrafts are excluded
from cash and cash equivalents disclosed on the balance sheet.
Included in the figures above is net cash generated from / (used in) amounts
relating to discontinued operations as follows: operating activities GBP(8)m
(2006 half year: GBP19m, 2006 full year: GBP24m); investing activities GBP1m
(2006 half year: GBP(6)m, 2006 full year: GBP(8)m); financing activities GBPnil
(2006 half year: GBP(1)m, 2006 full year: GBP(1)m).
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements
for the six months to 30 June 2007
1. Basis of preparation
The condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance
with the Listing Rules of the Financial Services Authority and in accordance
with EU-adopted International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and
International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC)
interpretations. These financial statements comply with the requirements of IAS
34 'Interim Financial Reporting'.
The condensed consolidated financial statements have also been prepared in
accordance with the accounting policies set out in the 2006 Annual Report and
have been prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by the
revaluation of financial assets and liabilities (including derivative financial
instruments) at fair value. The 2006 Annual Report refers to new standards
effective from 1 January 2007. None of these standards have had a material
impact in these financial statements.
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements requires the use
of certain critical accounting assumptions. It also requires management to
exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Group's accounting
policies. The areas requiring a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or
areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the condensed
consolidated financial statements have been set out in the 2006 Annual Report.
The financial information for the year ended 31 December 2006 does not
constitute statutory accounts as defined in section 240 of the Companies Act
1985. A copy of the statutory accounts for that year has been delivered to the
Registrar of Companies. The Auditors' report on the full financial statements
for the year ended 31 December 2006 was unqualified and did not contain
statements under section 237 (2) of the Companies Act 1985 (regarding the
adequacy of accounting records and returns), or under section 237 (3) (regarding
provision of necessary information and explanations).
In accordance with IFRS, the comparatives have been re-presented to reflect
Government Solutions and Les Echos as discontinued businesses (see note 7). As
Government Solutions was previously presented as discontinued in the financial
information for the full year 2006, only the half year is re-presented.
The figures for the six months to 30 June 2007 and 30 June 2006 have not been
audited or reviewed.
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
2. Segment information
The Group is organised into five primary business segments: School, Higher
Education, Financial Times Publishing, Interactive Data Corporation (IDC) and
Penguin. Our remaining business group, Professional, brings together a number of
education publishing, testing and services businesses and does not meet the
criteria for classification as a 'segment' under IFRS.
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions half year half year full year
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Sales
School 665 625 1,455
Higher Education 195 206 795
Professional 163 156 341
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Pearson Education 1,023 987 2,591
FT Publishing 164 135 280
IDC 168 165 332
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
FT Group 332 300 612
Penguin 367 387 848
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Total sales 1,722 1,674 4,051
Adjusted operating profit
School 42 36 184
Higher Education (51) (53) 161
Professional 14 8 38
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Pearson Education 5 (9) 383
FT Publishing 23 11 27
IDC 45 42 89
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
FT Group 68 53 116
Penguin 18 18 66
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Adjusted operating profit - continuing
operations 91 62 565
Adjusted operating profit - discontinued
operations 2 11 27
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Total adjusted operating profit 93 73 592
Adjusted operating profit - continuing
operations 91 62 565
Amortisation and adjustment of acquired
intangibles (16) (9) (35)
Other net gains and losses (including
associates) - - 4
Other net finance income of associates - 1 1
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Operating profit 75 54 535
In our adjusted operating profit, we have excluded amortisation and adjustment
of acquired intangibles, other net gains and losses and other net finance income
of associates. The amortisation and adjustment of acquired intangibles is not
considered to be fully reflective of the underlying performance of the Group.
Other net gains and losses represent profits and losses on the sale of
subsidiaries, joint ventures, associates and other financial assets that are
included within continuing operations but which distort the performance of the
Group. Other net finance income of associates is the equivalent of the Company's
own other net finance income that is excluded in adjusted earnings (see note 4).
Discontinued operations relate to the Group's interest in Government Solutions
and Les Echos (see note 7). Government Solutions was previously reported within
the Professional group of businesses and Les Echos within the FT Publishing
segment.
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
2. Segment information continued
The following table reconciles adjusted operating profit from continuing
operations to operating profit for each segment.
School Higher Professional FT IDC Penguin Total
all figures in GBP millions Education Publishing
--------------------------------------------------
2007 half year
--------------------------------------------------
Adjusted
operating profit
/ (loss) 42 (51) 14 23 45 18 91
Amortisation and
adjustment of
acquired
intangibles (10) - - (2) (4) - (16)
Other net gains and losses - - - - - - -
(including associates)
Other net finance income of - - - - - - -
associates ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
---------------------
Operating profit
/ (loss) 32 (51) 14 21 41 18 75
--------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
--------------------------------------------------
2006 half year
--------------------------------------------------
Adjusted
operating profit
/ (loss) 36 (53) 8 11 42 18 62
Amortisation and
adjustment of
acquired
intangibles (6) - - - (3) - (9)
Other net gains and losses - - - - - - -
(including associates)
Other net
finance income
of associates - - - 1 - - 1
--------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
Operating profit
/ (loss) 30 (53) 8 12 39 18 54
--------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
--------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
2006 full year
--------------------------------------------------
Adjusted
operating profit 184 161 38 27 89 66 565
Amortisation and
adjustment of
acquired
intangibles (17) - (1) (2) (7) (8) (35)
Other net gains
and losses
(including
associates) - - - 4 - - 4
Other net
finance income
of associates - - - 1 - - 1
--------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ -------
Operating profit 167 161 37 30 82 58 535
Corporate costs are allocated to business segments on an appropriate basis
depending on the nature of the cost and therefore the segment result is equal to
the Group operating profit.
Due to the seasonal bias of our book publishing businesses (in the School,
Higher Education, Professional and Penguin segments), the Group makes most of
its sales and almost all of its operating profit in the second half of the year.
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
3. Net finance costs
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions half year half year full year
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net interest payable (44) (44) (94)
Finance income in respect of employee
benefits 5 2 4
Net foreign exchange gains 6 3 19
Other losses on financial instruments in a
hedging relationship:
- net investment hedges (1) (1) (2)
Other gains / (losses) on financial instruments
not in a hedging relationship:
- amortisation of transitional
adjustment on bonds 1 5 8
- derivatives (2) (5) (9)
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net finance costs (35) (40) (74)
Analysed as:
Finance costs (57) (70) (133)
Finance income 22 30 59
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net finance costs (35) (40) (74)
Analysed as:
Net interest payable (44) (44) (94)
Finance income in respect of employee
benefits 5 2 4
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net finance costs reflected in adjusted
earnings (39) (42) (90)
Other net finance income 4 2 16
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net finance costs (35) (40) (74)
Fair value gains and losses on financial instruments are analysed between three
elements: net interest payable, foreign exchange and other gains and losses. For
the purposes of adjusted earnings we have excluded foreign exchange and other
gains and losses as they represent short-term fluctuations in market value and
are subject to significant volatility. These gains and losses may not be
realised in due course as it is normally the intention to hold these instruments
to maturity.
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
4. Profit before tax
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions half year half year full year
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Profit before tax - continuing
operations 40 14 461
Add back: amortisation and adjustment
of acquired intangibles (see note 2) 16 9 35
Add back: other net gains and losses
(including associates) (see note 2) - - (4)
Add back: other net finance income of
associates (see note 2) - (1) (1)
Add back: other net finance income (see
note 3) (4) (2) (16)
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Adjusted profit before tax -
continuing operations 52 20 475
Adjusted profit before tax -
discontinued operations 2 11 27
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Total adjusted profit before tax 54 31 502
5. Income tax
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions half year half year full year
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Income tax charge - continuing
operations (11) (4) (9)
Add back: tax benefit on amortisation
of acquired intangibles (5) (3) (10)
Add back: tax benefit on other net
gains and losses - - (4)
Add back: tax charge on other finance
income 1 1 5
Add back: tax benefit on recognition of
tax losses - - (127)
---------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
-------
Adjusted income tax charge -
continuing operations (15) (6) (145)
Adjusted income tax charge -
discontinued operations (1) (4) (10)
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Total adjusted income tax charge (16) (10) (155)
Tax rate reflected in adjusted earnings 29.0% 32.0% 30.9%
Included within the income tax charge is an amount of GBP20m (2006 half year:
GBPnil, 2006 full year: GBP15m) relating to UK tax.
For the first time in 2007, the Group has included in its adjusted earnings the
tax benefit from tax deductible goodwill and intangibles. This benefit has been
applied in the first half results, reflecting the seasonality of the business,
to achieve the anticipated full year effective tax rate on adjusted earnings of
29%. The impact of this change has not been material in the first half of 2007.
In 2006, the Group excluded from its adjusted earnings tax benefits from the
recognition of its capital and trading losses of GBP127m which, due to their
size and non-recurring nature are not considered to be fully reflective of the
underlying tax rate of the Group.
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
6. Earnings per share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit attributable to
equity holders of the Company (earnings) by the weighted average number of
ordinary shares in issue during the period, excluding ordinary shares purchased
by the Company and held as treasury shares. Diluted earnings per share is
calculated by adjusting the weighted average number of ordinary shares to take
account of all dilutive potential ordinary shares and adjusting the profit
attributable if applicable to account for any tax consequences that might arise
from conversion of those shares.
In order to show results from operating activities on a consistent basis, an
adjusted earnings per share is presented which excludes certain items as set out
below. The adjusted earnings per share includes both continuing and discontinued
businesses on an undiluted basis. The Company's definition of adjusted earnings
per share may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures reported by
other companies.
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions half year half year full year
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
(Loss) / earnings (104) 7 446
Adjustments to exclude profit for the period from
discontinued operations:
Loss / (profit) for the period from
discontinued operations 122 (7) (17)
---------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Earnings - continuing operations 18 - 429
(Loss) / earnings (104) 7 446
Adjustments:
Amortisation and adjustment of acquired
intangibles (see note 2) 16 9 35
Other net gains and losses (including
associates) (see note 2) - - (4)
Other net finance income of associates
(see note 2) - (1) (1)
Other net finance income (see note 3) (4) (2) (16)
Loss on sale of discontinued operations
(see note 7) 24 - -
Taxation on above items 95 (2) (9)
Recognition of tax losses (see note 5) - - (127)
Minority interest share of above items (2) (2) (3)
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Adjusted earnings 25 9 321
Weighted average number of shares
(millions) 797.3 798.4 798.4
Effect of dilutive share options
(millions) 1.6 1.5 1.5
Weighted average number of shares
(millions) for diluted earnings 798.9 799.9 799.9
(Loss) / earnings per share from continuing and
discontinued operations
Basic (13.0)p 0.9p 55.9p
Diluted (13.0)p 0.9p 55.8p
Earnings per share from continuing
operations
Basic 2.3p - p 53.7p
Diluted 2.3p - p 53.6p
Adjusted earnings per share 3.1p 1.1p 40.2p
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
7. Discontinued operations
Discontinued operations relate to the Group's interest in Government Solutions
and Les Echos. Government Solutions was sold on 15 February 2007 and the Group
announced in June 2007 its commitment to sell Les Echos. The results of
Government Solutions and Les Echos have been included in discontinued operations
for both 2006 and 2007. The results of Government Solutions were consolidated
for the period to 15 February 2007. As at 30 June 2007, the sale of Les Echos
has not been completed and the results have been consolidated up to that date.
The assets and liabilities of Les Echos have been reported as held for sale in
the June 2007 balance sheet. At 31 December 2006 held for sale assets and
liabilities relate to Government Solutions. The loss on disposal shown below
relates entirely to Government Solutions.
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions half year half year full year
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Sales 69 204 372
Operating profit 2 11 27
Net finance income - - -
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Profit before tax 2 11 27
Attributable tax expense (1) (4) (10)
Loss on sale of discontinued operations
after tax (see below) (123) - -
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
(Loss) / profit for the period from
discontinued operations (122) 7 17
Disposal of Government Solutions
Net assets disposed (278)
Proceeds received 321
Costs (13)
-------
Profit on sale before cumulative
translation adjustment 30
Cumulative translation adjustment (54)
-------
Loss on sale before tax (24)
Attributable tax expense (99)
-------
Loss on sale after tax (123)
The proceeds received for the sale of Government Solutions include GBP286m in
cash, GBP20m in loan stock and a 10% interest in the acquiring company valued at
GBP15m.
8. Dividends
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions half year half year full year
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Amounts recognised as distributions to
equity holders in the period 150 136 220
The directors are proposing an interim dividend of 11.1p per equity share,
payable on 21 September 2007 to shareholders on the register at the close of
business on 24 August 2007. This interim dividend, which will absorb an
estimated GBP88m of shareholder's funds, has not been included as a liability as
at 30 June 2007.
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
9. Business combinations
On 4 May 2007 Pearson announced the acquisition of Harcourt Assessment and
Harcourt Education International for $950m in cash. A substantial part of the
Harcourt Education International acquisition was completed during May 2007. The
remainder, together with the Harcourt Assessment acquisition is not expected to
complete until later in the second half of 2007. On 14 May 2007 Pearson
announced the acquisition of eCollege for an estimated net cash cost of $477m.
At 30 June 2007 this acquisition had not completed. Intangible asset allocation
reviews are in progress for the completed acquisitions and should be finalised
in the second half of 2007. Fair value adjustments are provisional and will be
finalised in the course of the next year.
Provisional values for the assets and liabilities arising from the acquisitions
completed in the period are as follows:
------------------------------- -------
2007
all figures in GBP millions half year
------------------------------- -------
Property, plant and equipment 6
Intangible assets 9
Intangible assets - Pre-publication 13
Inventories 12
Trade and other receivables 31
Trade and other liabilities (24)
Deferred income tax liabilities (1)
Provisions for other liabilities and charges (1)
------------------------------- -------
Net assets acquired at fair value 45
Consideration paid in excess of net assets acquired 132
------------------------------- -------
Total 177
Satisfied by:
Cash (165)
Deferred consideration -
Net prior period adjustments (12)
------------------------------- -------
Total consideration (177)
Net cash outflow on acquisition:
Cash - current period acquisitions (165)
Deferred payments for prior period acquisitions and other items (2)
Cash and cash equivalents acquired -
------------------------------- -------
Cash outflow on acquisition (167)
In total the Harcourt Education International acquisition together with other
smaller acquisitions completed in the period contributed an additional GBP12m of
sales and GBP3m of operating profit.
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
10. Intangible assets
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions half year half year full year
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Goodwill 3,341 3,677 3,271
Other intangibles 300 192 310
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Total intangibles 3,641 3,869 3,581
11. Net debt
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions half year half year full year
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Non-current assets
Derivative financial instruments 16 39 36
Current assets
Derivative financial instruments 19 31 50
Marketable securities 28 - 25
Cash and cash equivalents (excluding
overdrafts) 383 649 592
Non-current liabilities
Borrowings (1,471) (1,703) (1,148)
Derivative financial instruments (28) (37) (19)
Current liabilities
Borrowings (392) (590) (595)
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Net debt - continuing operations (1,445) (1,611) (1,059)
Net cash classified as held for sale 13 - -
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Total net debt (1,432) (1,611) (1,059)
In February 2007, Pearson repaid its EUR591m 6.125% Euro Bonds 2007 and
refinanced this borrowing through available cash and existing bank facilities.
12. Exchange rates
Pearson earns a significant proportion of its sales and profits in overseas
currencies, the most important being the US dollar. The relevant rates are as
follows:
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
half year half year full year
------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Average rate for profits 1.98 1.79 1.84
Period end rate 2.01 1.85 1.96
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
13. Statement of changes in equity
---------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions half year half year full year
---------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Attributable to equity holders of the
Company
Total recognised income and expense for
the period (1) (125) 148
Equity settled transactions 13 12 25
Issue of ordinary shares - share option
schemes 7 3 11
Cumulative translation adjustment
disposed 54 - -
Purchase of treasury shares (35) (27) (52)
Dividends paid to equity holders of the
Company (150) (136) (220)
---------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Net movement for the period (112) (273) (88)
Attributable to equity holders of the
Company at the beginning of the year 3,476 3,564 3,564
---------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Attributable to equity holders of the
Company at the end of the period 3,364 3,291 3,476
Minority interest 176 173 168
---------------------------------- ------- ------- -------
Total equity 3,540 3,464 3,644
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
14. Cash flows
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
2007 2006 2006
all figures in GBP millions half year half year full year
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Reconciliation of (loss) / profit for the period to net
cash generated from operations
(Loss) / profit for the period (93) 17 469
Income tax 111 8 19
Depreciation and amortisation charges 62 58 135
Amortisation of pre-publication assets 74 79 210
Investment in pre-publication assets (103) (112) (213)
Loss on sale of property, plant and
equipment 1 1 2
Net finance costs 35 40 74
Loss on sale of subsidiaries and
associates 24 - -
Share of results of joint ventures and
associates (11) (10) (24)
Net foreign exchange (losses) / gains
from transactions (1) 1 (37)
Share-based payment costs 13 12 25
Inventories (75) (96) (16)
Trade and other receivables (48) 5 (60)
Trade and other liabilities (110) (141) 54
Provisions (67) (18) (17)
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net cash (used in) / generated from
operations (188) (156) 621
Dividends from joint ventures and
associates 2 14 45
Net purchase of PPE including finance
lease principal payments (31) (34) (63)
Purchase of intangibles (14) (8) (29)
Add back: Special pension contribution 50 - -
Add back: Cash spent against
integration and fair value provisions - 1 1
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Operating cash flow (181) (183) 575
Operating tax paid (39) (26) (59)
Net operating finance costs paid (45) (40) (82)
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Operating free cash flow (265) (249) 434
Non-operating tax paid (9) - -
Special pension contribution (50) - -
Integration spend - (1) (1)
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Total free cash flow (324) (250) 433
Dividends paid (including to
minorities) (154) (136) (235)
------------------------------- ----- ------- ------- -------
Net movement of funds from operations (478) (386) 198
Included in net cash (used in) / generated from operations is an amount of
GBP(4)m (2006 half year: GBP20m, 2006 full year: GBP27m) relating to
discontinued operations.
Operating cash flow, operating free cash flow and total free cash flow have been
disclosed as they are part of Pearson's corporate and operating measures.
Following the completion of the latest actuarial valuation of the UK Group
pension plan as at January 2006, the Group agreed that during 2007 it would make
additional payments to the plan amounting to GBP100m. As at 30 June 2007, GBP50m
of this special pension contribution had been paid. The Group has excluded this
GBP50m from its definition of operating cash flow and operating free cash flow
as it distorts the underlying operating performance for the year.
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
15. Adjusted income statement
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Income Re-analyse Other Amortisation/ Other net Recognition Adjusted
statement discontinued gains adjustment finance of tax income
operations and of acquired costs/ losses statement
losses intangibles income
all figures in
GBP millions
-------------------------------------------------
2007 half year
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Sales 1,722 - - - - - 1,722
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Gross profit 896 26 - - - - 922
Operating
expenses (832) (24) - 16 - - (840)
Other net
gains/losses - (24) 24 - - - -
JVs and
associates 11 - - - - - 11
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Operating
profit 75 (22) 24 16 - - 93
- - - - -
Net finance
costs (35) - - - (4) - (39)
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Profit before
tax 40 (22) 24 16 (4) - 54
Income tax (11) (100) 99 (5) 1 - (16)
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Profit for the
period -
continuing 29 (122) 123 11 (3) - 38
- - - - -
Profit for the
period -
discontinued (122) 122 - - - - -
- - - - -
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Profit for the
period (93) - 123 11 (3) - 38
- - - - -
Minorities (11) - - (2) - - (13)
- - - - -
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Earnings (104) - 123 9 (3) - 25
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
2006 half year
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Sales 1,674 - - - - - 1,674
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Gross profit 863 52 - - - - 915
Operating
expenses (819) (41) - 9 - - (851)
Other net - - - - - - -
gains/losses
JVs and
associates 10 - - - (1) - 9
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Operating
profit 54 11 - 9 (1) - 73
Net finance
costs (40) - - - (2) - (42)
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Profit before
tax 14 11 - 9 (3) - 31
Income tax (4) (4) - (3) 1 - (10)
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Profit for the
period -
continuing 10 7 - 6 (2) - 21
Profit for the
period -
discontinued 7 (7) - - - - -
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Profit for the
period 17 - - 6 (2) - 21
Minorities (10) - - (2) - - (12)
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Earnings 7 - - 4 (2) - 9
Notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements continued
for the six months to 30 June 2007
15. Adjusted income statement continued
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Income Re-analyse Other Amortisation/ Other net Recognition Adjusted
statement discontinued gains adjustment of finance of tax income
operations and acquired costs/ losses statement
losses intangibles income
all figures in
GBP millions
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
2006 full year
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Sales 4,051 - - - - - 4,051
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Gross profit 2,176 103 - - - - 2,279
Operating
expenses (1,665) (76) - 35 - - (1,706)
Other net - - - - - - -
gains/losses
JVs and
associates 24 - (4) - (1) - 19
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Operating
profit 535 27 (4) 35 (1) - 592
Net finance
costs (74) - - - (16) - (90)
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Profit before
tax 461 27 (4) 35 (17) - 502
Income tax (9) (10) (4) (10) 5 (127) (155)
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Profit for the
year -
continuing 452 17 (8) 25 (12) (127) 347
Profit for the
year -
discontinued 17 (17) - - - - -
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Profit for the
year 469 - (8) 25 (12) (127) 347
Minorities (23) - - (3) - - (26)
------------- ------- -------- ------ -------- ------- ------- --------
Earnings 446 - (8) 22 (12) (127) 321
16. Related parties
There were no material related party transactions and no guarantees have been
provided to related parties in the period.
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the
registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
PEARSON plc
Date: 30 July 2007
By: /s/ STEPHEN JONES
-----------------------
Stephen Jones
Deputy Secretary