UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended April 1, 2007
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number 000-51593
SunPower Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 94-3008969 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
3939 North First Street, San Jose, California 95134
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)
(408) 240-5500
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of accelerated filer and large accelerated filer in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ¨ Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The total number of outstanding shares of the registrants class A common stock as of May 4, 2007 was 30,641,178. The total number of outstanding shares of the registrants class B common stock as of May 4, 2007 was 44,533,287.
SunPower Corporation
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share data)
(unaudited)
April 1, 2007 |
December 31, 2006 |
|||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 209,462 | $ | 165,596 | ||||
Restricted cash |
5,128 | | ||||||
Short-term investments |
| 16,496 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net |
82,768 | 51,680 | ||||||
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings |
19,096 | | ||||||
Inventories |
73,232 | 22,780 | ||||||
Deferred project costs |
31,136 | | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
29,260 | 16,655 | ||||||
Current portion of advances to suppliers |
13,700 | 15,394 | ||||||
Total current assets |
463,782 | 288,601 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, net |
254,021 | 202,428 | ||||||
Goodwill |
178,045 | 2,883 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net |
86,638 | 14,049 | ||||||
Advances to suppliers, net of current portion |
72,578 | 62,242 | ||||||
Other long-term assets |
21,272 | 6,633 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,076,336 | $ | 576,836 | ||||
Liabilities and Stockholders Equity |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 92,283 | $ | 26,534 | ||||
Accounts payable to Cypress |
5,791 | 2,909 | ||||||
Accrued liabilities |
44,657 | 18,585 | ||||||
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings |
38,387 | | ||||||
Current portion of customer advances |
10,197 | 12,304 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
191,315 | 60,332 | ||||||
Convertible debt |
200,000 | | ||||||
Deferred tax liability |
19,138 | 46 | ||||||
Customer advances, net of current portion |
22,315 | 27,687 | ||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
7,499 | | ||||||
Total liabilities |
440,267 | 88,065 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) |
||||||||
Stockholders Equity: |
||||||||
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 10,042,490 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding |
| | ||||||
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 375,000,000 shares authorized; 74,942,172 and 69,849,369 shares issued and outstanding at April 1, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively |
74 | 70 | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
668,082 | 522,819 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(1,310 | ) | (2,101 | ) | ||||
Accumulated deficit |
(30,777 | ) | (32,017 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders equity |
636,069 | 488,771 | ||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders equity |
$ | 1,076,336 | $ | 576,836 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
April 1, 2007 | April 2, 2006 | |||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||
Systems |
$ | 78,495 | $ | | ||||
Components |
63,852 | 41,958 | ||||||
142,347 | 41,958 | |||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||
Cost of systems revenue |
62,443 | | ||||||
Cost of components revenue |
47,479 | 36,266 | ||||||
Research and development |
2,936 | 1,996 | ||||||
Sales, general and administrative |
22,371 | 4,381 | ||||||
Purchased in-process research and development |
9,575 | | ||||||
Total costs and expenses |
144,804 | 42,643 | ||||||
Operating loss |
(2,457 | ) | (685 | ) | ||||
Interest income |
1,984 | 1,173 | ||||||
Interest expense |
(1,119 | ) | (339 | ) | ||||
Other income, net |
274 | 137 | ||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes |
(1,318 | ) | 286 | |||||
Income tax provision (benefit) |
(2,558 | ) | 31 | |||||
Net income |
$ | 1,240 | $ | 255 | ||||
Net income per share: |
||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.02 | $ | 0.00 | ||||
Diluted |
$ | 0.02 | $ | 0.00 | ||||
Weighted-average shares: |
||||||||
Basic |
73,732 | 61,126 | ||||||
Diluted |
79,126 | 66,932 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
(unaudited)
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
April 1, 2007 | April 2, 2006 | |||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||
Net income |
$ | 1,240 | $ | 255 | ||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation |
5,724 | 3,327 | ||||||
Amortization of intangibles |
6,911 | 1,175 | ||||||
Amortization of debt issue costs |
178 | | ||||||
Stock-based compensation |
10,603 | 1,412 | ||||||
Purchased in-process research and development |
9,575 | | ||||||
Deferred income taxes and other tax liabilities |
(3,165 | ) | | |||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition: |
||||||||
Accounts receivable |
8,992 | (6,477 | ) | |||||
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings |
(9,960 | ) | | |||||
Inventories |
(22,187 | ) | (4,101 | ) | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
4,035 | (1,020 | ) | |||||
Deferred project costs |
(6,204 | ) | | |||||
Advances to suppliers |
(8,642 | ) | (12,441 | ) | ||||
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
(4,769 | ) | 9,522 | |||||
Accounts payable to Cypress |
2,882 | 290 | ||||||
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings |
2,500 | | ||||||
Advances from customers |
(7,479 | ) | 1,428 | |||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
(9,766 | ) | (6,630 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||
Increase in restricted cash |
(417 | ) | | |||||
Purchase of property and equipment |
(56,208 | ) | (20,254 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities |
16,496 | | ||||||
Cash paid for acquisition, net of cash acquired |
(98,645 | ) | | |||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(138,774 | ) | (20,254 | ) | ||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of convertible debt |
200,000 | | ||||||
Convertible debt issuance costs |
(6,030 | ) | | |||||
Principal payments on line of credit and notes payable |
(3,563 | ) | | |||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
1,999 | 410 | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
192,406 | 410 | ||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
43,866 | (26,474 | ) | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
165,596 | 143,592 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 209,462 | $ | 117,118 | ||||
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |
||||||||
Issuance of common stock for purchase acquisition |
$ | 111,266 | | |||||
Stock options assumed in relation to acquisition |
21,280 | |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. The Company and Basis of Presentation
The Company
SunPower Corporation (the Company or SunPower), a majority-owned subsidiary of Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Cypress), was originally incorporated in the State of California on April 24, 1985. In October 1988, the Company organized as a business venture to commercialize high-efficiency or solar cell technologies. The Company designs, develops, manufactures, markets and sells solar electric power products, systems and services based on its proprietary processes and technologies. In addition, the Company offers imaging detectors and infrared detectors based on its solar power technology.
On November 10, 2005, the Company reincorporated in Delaware and filed an amendment to its certificate of incorporation to effect a 1-for-2 reverse stock split of the Companys outstanding and authorized shares of common stock. All share and per share figures presented herein have been adjusted to reflect the reverse stock split.
In November 2005, the Company raised net proceeds of $145.6 million in an initial public offering of 8.8 million shares of common stock at a price of $18.00 per share. In June 2006, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of 7.0 million shares of its common stock, at a per share price of $29.50, and received net proceeds of $197.4 million.
In January 2007, the Company completed the acquisition of PowerLight Corporation (PowerLight), a privately-held leading provider of large-scale solar power systems for commercial, government and utility customers worldwide. As a result of the acquisition, PowerLight became an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company believes the acquisition will enable the Company to develop the next generation of solar products and solutions that will accelerate solar system cost reductions to compete with retail electric rates without incentives and simplify and improve customer experience. The total consideration for the transaction was $334.4 million, consisting of $120.7 million in cash and $213.7 million in common stock and related acquisition costs (see Note 6).
In February 2007, the Company issued $200 million in principal amount of its 1.25% senior convertible debentures (see Note 15).
Cypress made a significant investment in the Company in 2002. On November 9, 2004, Cypress completed a reverse triangular merger with the Company in which all of the outstanding minority equity interest of SunPower was retired, effectively giving Cypress 100% ownership of all of our then outstanding shares of capital stock but leaving its unexercised warrants and options outstanding. After completion of the Companys initial public offering in November 2005 (IPO), Cypress held, in the aggregate, 52,033,287 shares of class B common stock. As of April 1, 2007, including the effect of the secondary public offering in June 2006, Cypress held approximately 70% of the Companys total outstanding shares of common stock, or approximately 64% on a fully diluted basis after taking into account outstanding stock options, and holds approximately 94% of the voting power of the Companys total outstanding capital stock. On May 4, 2007, Cypress completed the sale of 7,500,000 shares of the Companys class B common stock in an offering pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act. Such shares converted to 7,500,000 shares of class A common stock upon the sale. Following the sale, Cypress owns 44,533,287 shares of the Companys class B common stock or approximately 55% on a fully diluted basis after taking into account outstanding stock options, and holds approximately 91% of the voting power of the Companys total outstanding capital stock.
The financial statements include allocations of certain Cypress expenses, including centralized legal, tax, treasury, information technology, employee benefits and other Cypress corporate services and infrastructure costs. The expense allocations have been determined based on a method that Cypress and the Company considered to be reasonable reflections of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by the Company. The financial information included herein may not be indicative of the consolidated financial position, operating results, and cash flows of the Company in the future, or what they would have been had the Company been a separate stand-alone entity during the periods presented. See Note 8 for additional information on the transactions with Cypress.
As of April 1, 2007, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $30.8 million and, with the exception of fiscal 2006 to date, has a history of operating losses. The Company is subject to a number of business risks including, but not limited to, integration difficulties as a result of the acquisition of PowerLight, an industry-wide shortage of polysilicon, an essential raw material in the production of solar cells, limited suppliers for capital equipment, concentration of revenue among few customers, competition from other companies with a longer operating history and significantly greater financial resources, dependency on a third-party subcontractor, the ability to obtain adequate financing to fund operating activities, dependence on key employees, and the ability to attract and retain additional qualified personnel.
6
Fiscal Year
The Company reports on a fiscal-year basis and ends its quarters on the Sunday closest to the end of the applicable calendar quarter, except in a 53-week fiscal year, in which case the additional week falls into the fourth quarter of that fiscal year. Both fiscal 2006 and 2007 consist of 52 weeks. The first quarter of fiscal 2007 ended on April 1, 2007 and the first quarter of fiscal 2006 ended on April 2, 2006.
Significant Accounting Policies
The Companys significant accounting policies are disclosed in the Companys Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and have not changed materially as of April 1, 2007, with the exception of the following:
In connection with the acquisition of PowerLight on January 10, 2007, the following accounting policies were adopted for the quarter ended April 1, 2007.
Revenue and Cost Recognition
Construction Contracts
The Company recognizes revenues from fixed price contracts under AICPA Statement of Position (SOP) 81-1, Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type Contracts, using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Under this method, revenue is recognized as work is performed based on the percentage of incurred costs to estimated total forecasted costs utilizing the most recent estimates of forecasted costs.
Incurred costs include all direct material, labor, subcontract costs, and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, and repairs. Job material costs are included in incurred costs when the job materials have been installed. Where contracts stipulate that title to job materials transfers to the customer before installation has been performed, revenue is deferred and recognized upon installation, in accordance with the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Job materials are considered installed materials when they are permanently attached or fitted to the solar power system as required by the jobs engineering design.
Due to inherent uncertainties in estimating cost, job costs estimates are reviewed and/or updated by management working with its projects department. The projects department determines the completed percentage of installed job materials at the end of each month; generally this information is also reviewed with the customers on-site representative. The completed percentage of installed job materials is then used for each job to calculate the month-end job material costs incurred. Direct labor, subcontractor, and other costs are charged to contract costs as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts, if any, are recognized in the period in which the loss first becomes probable and reasonably estimable. Contracts may include profit incentives such as milestone bonuses. These profit incentives are included in the contract value when their realization is reasonably assured.
As of April 1, 2007, the asset Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, which represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed, was $19.1 million. The liability Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings, which represents billings in excess of revenues recognized, was $38.4 million.
Cash in Restricted Accounts
Cash in restricted accounts represents collateral for letters of credit issued by a commercial bank in favor of two of the Companys suppliers and one customer. The funds will be released upon payment to the suppliers and the successful completion of the customer contracts.
Deferred Project Costs
Deferred project costs represent uninstalled materials on contracts for which title had transferred to the customer. Because these materials cannot be recognized as contract costs, they are recognized as deferred assets until installation. As of April 1, 2007, deferred project costs were $31.1 million.
7
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of PowerLights wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries are translated from their respective functional currencies at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the applicable period. The resulting translation adjustment for the three months ended April 1, 2007 of $336,000 is reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders equity.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission regarding interim financial reporting. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Financial Statements and notes thereto included in the Companys Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006. In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company believes are necessary for a fair statement of the Companys financial position as of April 1, 2007 and its results of operations for the three months ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006, respectively. These condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the entire year.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, and Related Implementation Issues (FIN 48). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a Companys financial statements in accordance with FASB 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. The Company adopted FIN 48 in the first quarter of fiscal 2007 (see Note 11).
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS No. 157). SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value instruments. This statement does not require any new fair value measurements; rather, it applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. The provisions of this statement are to be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which this statement is initially applied, with any transition adjustment recognized as a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 1007; therefore, the Company anticipates adopting this standard as of January 1, 2008. The Company has not determined the effect, if any, the adoption of this statement will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which provides companies an option to report selected financial assets and liabilities at fair value. SFAS no. 159 requires companies to provide information helping financial statement users to understand the effect of a companys choice to use fair value on its earnings, as well as to display the fair value of the assets and liabilities a company has chosen to use fair value for on the face of the balance sheet. Additionally, SFAS No. 159 establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to simplify comparisons between companies that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. The statement is effective as of the beginning of an entitys first fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company has not determined the effect, if any, the adoption of this statement will have on its consolidated financial statements.
8
Note 2. Balance Sheet Components
(In thousands) |
April 1, 2007 |
December 31, 2006 |
||||||
Inventories: |
||||||||
Raw materials |
$ | 43,433 | $ | 8,703 | ||||
Work-in-process |
1,261 | 79 | ||||||
Finished goods |
28,538 | 13,998 | ||||||
$ | 73,232 | $ | 22,780 | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets: |
||||||||
Deferred tax asset, current portion |
$ | 7,915 | $ | 1,446 | ||||
Note receivable |
| 10,000 | ||||||
Unbilled earned rebates |
5,779 | | ||||||
Prepaid materials |
4,147 | | ||||||
VAT receivable, current portion |
2,746 | 48 | ||||||
Prepaid corporate insurance |
1,638 | 460 | ||||||
Other prepaid expenses |
7,035 | 4,701 | ||||||
$ | 29,260 | $ | 16,655 | |||||
Property, plant and equipment: |
||||||||
Land and buildings |
$ | 7,482 | $ | 7,304 | ||||
Manufacturing equipment |
124,903 | 120,104 | ||||||
Computer equipment |
3,925 | 2,496 | ||||||
Furniture and fixtures |
159 | 83 | ||||||
Leasehold improvements |
48,542 | 45,175 | ||||||
Construction-in-process (manufacturing facility in the Philippines) |
100,720 | 53,252 | ||||||
285,731 | 228,414 | |||||||
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(31,710 | ) | (25,986 | ) | ||||
$ | 254,021 | $ | 202,428 | |||||
Intangible assets: |
||||||||
Patents and purchased technology |
$ | 51,398 | $ | 21,950 | ||||
Tradenames |
17,138 | 1,603 | ||||||
Backlog |
11,787 | | ||||||
Customer relationships and other |
23,193 | 463 | ||||||
103,516 | 24,016 | |||||||
Accumulated amortization of intangible assets: |
||||||||
Patents and purchased technology |
(11,665 | ) | (8,973 | ) | ||||
Tradenames |
(1,304 | ) | (548 | ) | ||||
Backlog |
(2,619 | ) | | |||||
Customer relationships and other |
(1,290 | ) | (446 | ) | ||||
(16,878 | ) | (9,967 | ) | |||||
$ | 86,638 | $ | 14,049 | |||||
The estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets as of April 1, 2007 is as follows: |
||||||||
2007 (remaining nine months) |
$ | 22,904 | ||||||
2008 |
18,457 | |||||||
2009 |
17,847 | |||||||
2010 |
16,335 | |||||||
2011 and beyond |
11,095 | |||||||
$ | 86,638 | |||||||
9
(In thousands) |
April 1, 2007 |
December 31, 2006 | ||||
Other long-term assets: |
||||||
Investment in joint venture |
$ | 4,903 | $ | 4,994 | ||
Debt issue cost |
5,852 | | ||||
VAT receivable, net of current portion |
10,043 | | ||||
Other |
474 | 1,639 | ||||
$ | 21,272 | $ | 6,633 | |||
Accrued liabilities: |
||||||
Warranty reserve, current portion |
$ | 7,541 | $ | 3,446 | ||
Employee compensation and employee benefits |
11,446 | 3,961 | ||||
Foreign exchange derivative liability |
4,034 | 4,849 | ||||
Income taxes payable |
5,725 | 1,995 | ||||
Accrued acquisition costs |
2,804 | | ||||
Other |
13,107 | 4,334 | ||||
$ | 44,657 | $ | 18,585 | |||
Long-term liabilities: |
||||||
Warranty reserve, net of current portion |
$ | 6,019 | $ | | ||
Other |
1,480 | | ||||
$ | 7,499 | $ | | |||
Note 3. Investments
Cash and cash equivalents and short-term investments classified as available-for-sale securities were comprised of the following:
April 1, 2007 | December 31, 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) |
Cost | Gross Gains |
Gross Losses |
Fair Value |
Cost | Gross Gains |
Gross Losses |
Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||
Corporate securities |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | $ | 13,400 | $ | | $ | | $ | 13,400 | ||||||||||
Money market securities |
186,489 | | | 186,489 | 135,298 | | | 135,298 | |||||||||||||||||
Commercial paper |
| | | 28,739 | | (4 | ) | 28,735 | |||||||||||||||||
Total available-for-sale securities |
$ | 186,489 | $ | | $ | | $ | 186,489 | $ | 177,437 | $ | | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 177,433 | ||||||||
The classification and contractual maturities of available-for-sale securities is as follows:
(In thousands) |
April 1, 2007 | December 31, 2006 | ||||
Included in: |
||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 186,489 | $ | 160,937 | ||
Short-term investments |
| 16,496 | ||||
$ | 186,489 | $ | 177,433 | |||
Contractual maturities: |
||||||
Due in less than one year |
$ | 186,489 | $ | 164,033 | ||
Due from one to 30 years |
| 13,400 | ||||
$ | 186,489 | $ | 177,433 | |||
From time to time the Company invests in auction rate securities, which are bought and sold in the marketplace through a bidding process sometimes referred to as a Dutch Auction, and which are classified as short-term investments and carried at their market values. After the initial issuance of the securities, the interest rate on the securities resets periodically, at intervals set at the time of issuance (e.g., every seven, twenty-eight, or thirty-five days; every six months; etc.), based on the market demand
10
at the reset period. The stated or contractual maturities for these securities, however, generally are 20 to 30 years. Despite the long-term maturities, the Company has the ability and intent, if necessary, to liquidate any of these investments in order to meet the Companys working capital needs within its normal operating cycles. At April 1, 2007, the Company did not have outstanding auction rate securities.
The Company classifies these investments as available-for-sale securities under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115 Accounting for Investment in Certain Debt and Equity Securities (SFAS No. 115). As these securities trade at their par values, no gains or losses are recorded in comprehensive income.
Note 4. Net Income per Share
Basic net income per share is computed using the weighted-average common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per share is computed using the weighted-average common shares outstanding plus any potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method, except when their effect is anti-dilutive. In computing dilutive net income per share, the average stock price for the period is used in determining the number of shares assumed to be purchased from the exercise of stock options or warrants. Dilutive securities include stock options, restricted stock, and warrants.
The following is a summary of all outstanding anti-dilutive potential common shares:
As of | ||||
(In thousands) |
April 1, 2007 | April 2, 2006 | ||
Stock options |
335 | 65 |
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted weighted-average common shares:
Three Months Ended | ||||
(In thousands) |
April 1, 2007 | April 2, 2006 | ||
Basic weighted-average common shares |
73,732 | 61,126 | ||
Effect of dilutive securities: |
||||
Stock options |
5,023 | 5,790 | ||
Restricted stock |
371 | 16 | ||
Weighted-average common shares for diluted computation |
79,126 | 66,932 | ||
Basic weighted-average common shares includes 1.1 million shares of class A common stock issued in relation to the acquisition of PowerLight which are subject to certain transfer restrictions and a repurchase option by the Company, both of which lapse over a two-year period.
Note 5. Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. Comprehensive income (loss) includes unrealized gains and losses on the Companys available-for-sale investments, derivatives and cumulative translation adjustments.
The components of comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, were as follows:
Three Months Ended | |||||||
(In thousands) |
April 1, 2007 | April 2, 2006 | |||||
Net income |
$ | 1,240 | $ | 255 | |||
Cumulative translation adjustment |
336 | | |||||
Unrealized income (loss) on derivatives, net of tax |
455 | (876 | ) | ||||
Total comprehensive income (loss) |
$ | 2,031 | $ | (621 | ) | ||
11
Note 6. Business Combinations
PowerLight Acquisition
On January 10, 2007 (the Effective Date), the Company completed its merger transaction (the Merger) involving PowerLight. The results of PowerLight have been included in the consolidated results of the Company from January 10, 2007. As a result of the Merger, all of the outstanding shares of PowerLight, and a portion of each vested option to purchase shares of PowerLight, were cancelled, and all of the outstanding options to purchase shares of PowerLight (other than the portion of each vested option that was cancelled) were assumed by the Company in exchange for aggregate consideration of (i) approximately $120.7 million in cash plus (ii) a total of 5,708,723 shares of the Companys class A common stock, inclusive of (a) 1,601,839 shares of the Companys class A common stock which may be issued upon the exercise of assumed vested and unvested PowerLight stock options, which options vest on the same schedule as the assumed PowerLight stock options, and (b) 1,145,643 shares of the Companys class A common stock issued to employees of the PowerLight business in connection with the Merger which, along with 530,238 of the shares issuable upon exercise of assumed PowerLight stock options, are subject to certain transfer restrictions and a repurchase option by the Company, both of which lapse over a two-year period under the terms of certain equity restriction agreements. The Company under the terms of the Merger agreement also issued an additional 204,623 shares of restricted class A common stock to certain employees of the PowerLight business, which shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions which will lapse over 4 years.
The total consideration related to the acquisition is as follows:
(In thousands) |
Shares | Fair Value | |||
Purchase consideration: |
|||||
Cash |
| $ | 120,694 | ||
Common stock |
2,961 | 111,266 | |||
Stock options assumed that are fully vested |
618 | 21,280 | |||
Direct transaction costs |
| 2,958 | |||
Total purchase consideration |
3,579 | 256,198 | |||
Future stock compensation: |
|||||
Restricted stock |
1,146 | 43,046 | |||
Stock options assumed that are unvested |
984 | 35,126 | |||
Total future stock compensation |
2,130 | 78,172 | |||
Total purchase consideration and future stock compensation |
5,709 | $ | 334,370 | ||
Purchase Price Allocation
Under the purchase method of accounting, the total purchase price as shown in the table above was allocated to PowerLights net tangible and intangible assets based on their estimated fair values as of the Effective Date. The purchase price has been allocated based on managements best estimates. The fair value of the Companys common stock issued was determined based on the average closing prices for a range of trading days around the announcement date (November 15, 2006) of the transaction. The fair value of stock options assumed was estimated using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions: volatility of 90%, expected life ranging from 2.7 years to 6.3 years, and risk-free interest rate of 4.6%.
The allocation of the purchase price and the estimated useful lives associated with certain assets is as follows:
(In thousands) |
Amount | Estimated Useful | ||||
Net tangible assets |
$ | 13,925 | n.a. | |||
Patents and purchased technology |
29,448 | 4 years | ||||
Tradenames |
15,535 | 5 years | ||||
Backlog |
11,787 | 1 year | ||||
Customer relationships |
22,730 | 6 years | ||||
In-process research and development |
9,575 | n.a. | ||||
Unearned stock compensation |
78,172 | n.a. | ||||
Deferred tax liability |
(21,964 | ) | n.a. | |||
Goodwill |
175,162 | n.a. | ||||
Total purchase consideration and future stock compensation |
$ | 334,370 | ||||
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Net tangible assets acquired consisted of the following:
(In thousands) |
Amount | |||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 22,049 | ||
Restricted cash |
4,711 | |||
Accounts receivable, net |
40,080 | |||
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings |
9,136 | |||
Inventories |
28,146 | |||
Deferred project costs |
24,932 | |||
Prepaid expenses and other assets |
23,740 | |||
Total assets acquired |
152,794 | |||
Accounts payable |
(60,707 | ) | ||
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings |
(35,887 | ) | ||
Other accrued expenses and liabilities |
(42,275 | ) | ||
Total liabilities assumed |
(138,869 | ) | ||
Net assets acquired |
$ | 13,925 | ||
Acquired identifiable intangible assets. The fair value attributed to purchased technology and patents was determined using the relief from royalty method, which calculated the present value of the royalty savings by applying a royalty rate of 2.5% and a discount rate of 25% to the appropriate revenue streams. The fair value of purchased technology and patents is being amortized over 4 years on a straight-line basis. Amortization expense for the three months ended April 1, 2007 was as follows:
(In thousands) |
Amount | ||
Cost of systems revenue |
$ | 4,948 | |
Selling, general and administrative |
842 | ||
Total amortization expense |
$ | 5,790 | |
The fair value of tradenames was determined using the royalty savings approach method, using a royalty rate of 1% and a discount rate of 25%. The fair value of tradenames is being amortized over 5 years on a straight-line basis.
The fair value attributed to customer relationships was determined using the multi-period excess earnings method with a discount rate of 18%. The fair value of customer relationships is being amortized over 6 years on a straight-line basis.
The fair value attributed to order backlog was determined using the multi-period excess earnings method with a discount rate of 16%. The fair value of order backlog is being amortized over 1 year on a straight-line basis.
In-process research and development. PowerLights in-process research and development primarily represents partially developed roof integrated system and fixed-tilt system designs that have not yet reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future uses.
Goodwill. Approximately $175.2 million has been allocated to goodwill within the systems business segment, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the underlying net tangible and intangible assets of PowerLight. PowerLight designs, assembles, markets and sells solar electric power system technology that integrates solar cells and solar panels from SunPower and other suppliers to convert sunlight to electricity compatible with the utility network. The acquisition will enable SunPower to extend its leadership and participation in more diversified applications and markets, develop the next generation of solar products and solutions that will accelerate solar system cost reductions to compete with retail electric rates without incentives, and simplify and improve customer experience. These factors primarily contributed to a purchase price that resulted in goodwill. In accordance with SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, goodwill will not be amortized but instead will be tested for impairment at least annually (more frequently if certain indicators are present). In the event that management determines that the value of goodwill has become impaired, the Company will incur an accounting charge for the amount of the impairment during the fiscal quarter in which the determination is made. Goodwill that resulted from the acquisition of PowerLight is not deductible for tax purposes.
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Of the cash and shares issued in the acquisition, approximately $20.2 million in cash and 824,000 shares, with a total aggregate value of $48.8 million as of January 10, 2007, are being held in escrow as security for the indemnification obligations of certain former PowerLight shareholders and will be released over a period of five years from the date of acquisition. In addition, the Company issued an additional 204,623 shares of restricted class A common stock to certain employees of the PowerLight business, which shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions that lapse over four years.
In conjunction with the acquisition, Cypress entered into a commitment letter with SunPower during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006 under which Cypress agreed to lend to SunPower up to $130 million in cash in order to facilitate the financing of the acquisition or working capital requirements. In February 2007, Cypress and SunPower mutually terminated the commitment letter. No borrowings were outstanding at the termination date.
The Company accounted for its acquisition of PowerLight in accordance with SFAS 141 Business Combinations. Accordingly, all intercompany receivables and payables related to PowerLight were eliminated in purchase accounting effective January 10, 2007.
Supplemental information on an unaudited pro forma basis, as if the PowerLight acquisition were completed at the beginning of the years 2007 and 2006, is as follows:
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
April 1, 2007 | April 2, 2006 | |||||||
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | (Unaudited) | |||||||
Revenue |
$ | 144,661 | $ | 66,639 | ||||
Net loss |
$ | (868 | ) | $ | (22,080 | ) | ||
Basic net loss per share |
$ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.34 | ) | ||
The unaudited pro forma supplemental information is based on estimates and assumptions, which the Company believes are reasonable. The average foreign exchange rates during years 2007 and 2006 were used in preparing the supplemental information. The unaudited pro forma supplemental information prepared by management is not necessarily indicative of the condensed consolidated financial position or results of income in future periods or the results that actually would have been realized had the Company and PowerLight been a combined company during the specified periods.
In-Process Research and Development (IPR&D) Charge
In connection with the acquisition of PowerLight, the Company recorded an IPR&D charge of $9.6 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2007, as technological feasibility associated with the in-process research and development projects had not been established and no alternative future use existed.
The Company identified in-process research and development projects in areas for which technological feasibility had not been established and no alternative future use existed. These in-process research and development projects consist of two components: design automation tool and tracking systems and other. In assessing the projects, the Company considered key characteristics of the technology as well as its future prospects, the rate technology changes in the industry, product life cycles, and various projects stage of development.
The value of in-process research and development was determined using the income approach method, which calculated the sum of the discounted future cash flows attributable to the projects once commercially viable using a 40% discount rate, which were derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and adjusted to reflect the stage of completion of the projects and the level of risks associated with the projects. The percentage of completion for each project was determined by identifying the research and development expenses invested in the project as a ratio of the total estimated development costs required to bring the project to technical and commercial feasibility. The following table summarizes certain information of each significant project as of the acquisition date:
Projects |
Estimated Stage of Completion as of Acquisition Date |
Total Cost Incurred as of Acquisition Date |
Total Estimated Costs to Complete |
Estimated Completion Dates | ||||||
Design Automation Tool |
5% | $ | 0.2 million | $ | 2.6 million | Dec 2010 | ||||
Tracking Systems and Other |
30% | $ | 0.2 million | $ | 0.8 million | Jul 2007 |
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Status of In-Process Research and Development Projects:
To date, there have been no significant differences between the actual and estimated results of the in-process research and development projects related to PowerLight. As of April 1, 2007, the Company has incurred total post-acquisition costs of approximately $0.6 million related to the in-process research and development projects and estimate that an additional investment of approximately $3.1 million will be required to complete the projects. The Company expects to complete the projects within the original estimated timeframe.
The development of these technologies remains a significant risk due to factors including the remaining efforts to achieve technical viability, rapidly changing customer markets, uncertain standards for new products, and competitive threats. The nature of the efforts to develop these technologies into commercially viable products consists primarily of planning, designing, experimenting, and testing activities necessary to determine that the technologies can meet market expectations, including functionality and technical requirements. Failure to bring these products to market in a timely manner could result in a loss of market share or a lost opportunity to capitalize on emerging markets and could have a material adverse impact on our business and operating results.
Note 7. Advances to Suppliers and Other Current Assets
The Company has entered into agreements with various polysilicon, ingot, wafer, solar cells and solar module vendors and manufacturers. These agreements specify future quantities and pricing of products to be supplied by the vendors for periods up to 12 years. Certain agreements also provide for penalties or forfeiture of advanced deposits in the event the Company terminates the arrangements (see Note 13).
Furthermore, under certain of these agreements, the Company is required to make prepayments to the vendors over the terms of the arrangements. In January 2007, the Company paid an advance of $10 million in accordance with the terms of an existing supply agreement. The Company may also, from time to time, make advance payments in connection with purchases of services and manufacturing equipment from a variety of vendors and suppliers. As of April 1, 2007, advances to suppliers totaled $86.3 million, the current portion of which is $13.7 million.
The Companys future prepayment obligations as of April 1, 2007 related to these agreements is as follows (in thousands):
2007 (remaining nine months) |
$ | 38,300 | |
2008 |
18,300 | ||
2009 |
11,100 | ||
2010 |
11,100 | ||
$ | 78,800 | ||
On April 2, 2007, the Company paid an additional advance of $10 million in accordance with the terms of an existing supply agreement.
Note 8. Transactions with Cypress
Purchases of Imaging and Infrared Detector Products from Cypress
The Company purchases wafers from Cypress at intercompany prices which are consistent with Cypress internal transfer pricing methodology.
Manufacturing Services in Texas
The Company originally made its imaging and infrared detector and solar power products at its former Sunnyvale, California facility. In May 2002, the Company installed certain tenant improvements to build a pilot wafer fabrication line for a newly designed solar cell in a Cypress facility located in Texas. The Company then paid pro rata costs for materials and Cypress personnel to operate the facility which made the Companys pre-commercial production solar cells until the Philippines facility came on line in November 2004. In late 2004, the Company moved its imaging and infrared detector production lines to the Cypress Texas facility and continues to pay the costs of materials and Cypress personnel to operate the facility.
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Administrative Services Provided by Cypress
Cypress has seconded employees and consultants to the Company for different time periods for which the Company pays their fully-burdened compensation. In addition, Cypress personnel render services to the Company to assist with administrative functions such as centralized legal, tax, treasury, information technology, employee benefits and other Cypress corporate services and infrastructure. Cypress bills the Company for a portion of the Cypress employees fully-burdened compensation. In the case of the Philippines subsidiary, which entered into a services agreement for such secondments and other consulting services in January 2005, the Company pays the fully-burdened compensation plus 10%. Amounts paid for these services are recorded as general and administrative expenses in the accompanying statements of operations.
Leased Facility in the Philippines
In 2003, the Company and Cypress reached an understanding that the Company would build out and occupy a building owned by Cypress for its wafer fabrication facility in the Philippines. The Company entered into a lease agreement for this facility, which expires in July 2021. Under the lease, the Company will pay Cypress at a rate equal to the cost to Cypress for that facility (including taxes, insurance, repairs and improvements) until the earlier of November 2015 or a change in control of the Company occurs, which includes such time as Cypress ceases to own at least a majority of the aggregate number of shares of all classes of the Companys common stock then outstanding. Thereafter, the Company will pay market rate rent for the facility. The Company will have the right to purchase the facility from Cypress at any time at Cypress original purchase price of approximately $8.0 million, plus interest computed on a variable index starting on the date of purchase by Cypress until the sale to the Company, unless such purchase option is exercised after a change of control of the Company, in which case the purchase price shall be at a market rate, as reasonably determined by Cypress. The lease agreement also contains certain indemnification and exculpation provisions by the Company for the benefit of Cypress as lessor.
Leased Facility in California
On May 15, 2006, the Company entered into a lease agreement for its 43,732 square foot headquarters, which is located in a building owned by Cypress in San Jose, California, for $6.0 million over the five-year term of the lease. In the event Cypress decides to sell the building, the Company has the right of first refusal to purchase the building at a fair market price which will be based on comparable sales in the area.
Purchases of imaging and infrared detector products from Cypress, manufacturing services provided by Cypress in Texas, administrative services provided by Cypress and the facilities leased from Cypress in the Philippines and in California aggregated $1.5 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007 and $2.8 million for the three months ended April 2, 2006.
2005 Separation and Service Agreements
On October 6, 2005, SunPower entered into a series of separation and services agreements with Cypress. Among these agreements are a master separation agreement, a sublease of the land and a lease for the building in the Philippines (see above); a three-year wafer manufacturing agreement for detector products at inter-company pricing; a three-year master transition services agreement under which Cypress would allow SunPower to continue to utilize services provided by Cypress such as corporate accounting, legal, tax, information technology, human resources and treasury administration at Cypress cost; an asset lease under which Cypress will lease certain manufacturing assets from SunPower; an employee matters agreement under which the Companys employees would be allowed to continue to participate in certain Cypress health insurance and other employee benefits plans; an indemnification and insurance matters agreement; an investor rights agreement; and a tax sharing agreement. All of these agreements, except the tax sharing agreement and the manufacturing asset lease agreement, became effective at the time of completion of the Companys initial public offering in November 2005.
Master Separation Agreement
In October 2005, the Company entered into a master separation agreement containing the framework with respect to the Companys separation from Cypress. The master separation agreement provides for the execution of various ancillary agreements that further specify the terms of the separation.
Wafer Manufacturing Agreement
The Company has entered into an agreement with Cypress to continue to make infrared and imaging detector products for the Company at prices consistent with the then current Cypress transfer pricing, which is equal to the forecasted cost to Cypress to manufacture the wafers, for the earlier of the next three years or until a change in control of the Company occurs, which includes until
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such time as Cypress ceases to own at least a majority of the aggregate number of shares of all classes of the Company common stock then outstanding, after which a new supply agreement may be negotiated or the Company and Cypress will negotiate a reasonable winding-up procedure. In addition, the Company may use other Cypress fabs for development work on a cost per activity basis.
The Company will indemnify Cypress for any liabilities that arise only to the extent that they are based on claims of infringement based on the Companys design specifications that the Company submits to Cypress for the manufacture of the Companys products. Cypress will indemnify the Company for liabilities that arise only to the extent that they are based on claims that the manufacturing, assembling, product testing or packaging process that Cypress uses for the Companys products infringes or violates upon the intellectual property rights of third parties or Cypress unauthorized use of the Companys design specifications or proprietary information.
Master Transition Services Agreement
The Company has also entered into a master transition services agreement which would govern the provisions of services to us by Cypress, such as: financial services, human resources, legal matters, training programs, and information technology.
For a period of three years following the Companys November 2005 initial public offering of 8.8 million shares of class A common stock (IPO) or earlier if a change of control of the Company occurs, Cypress would provide these services and the Company would pay Cypress for services provided to the Company, at Cypress cost (which, for purposes of the master transition services agreement, will mean an appropriate allocation of Cypress full salary and benefits costs associated with such individuals as well as any out-of-pocket expenses that Cypress incurs in connection with providing the Company with those services) or at the rate negotiated with Cypress. Cypress will have the ability to deny requests for services under this agreement if, among other things, the provisions of such services creates a conflict of interest, causes an adverse consequence to Cypress, requires Cypress to retain additional employees or other resources or the provision of such services become impracticable as a result or cause outside of the control of Cypress. In addition, Cypress will incur no liability in connection with the provision of these services. The master transition services agreement also contains certain indemnification provisions by the Company for the benefit of Cypress.
Lease for Manufacturing Assets
In 2005 the Company entered into a lease with Cypress under which Cypress leases from the Company certain manufacturing assets owned by the Company and located in Cypress Texas manufacturing facility. The term of the lease is 27 months and it expires on December 31, 2007. Under this lease, Cypress is reimbursing the Companys cost of approximately $0.7 million of the net book value of the assets divided over the life of the leasehold improvements.
Employee Matters Agreement
The Company entered into an employee matters agreement with Cypress to allocate assets, liabilities and responsibilities relating to its current and former U.S. and international employees and its employees participation in the employee benefits plans that Cypress sponsors and maintains.
The Companys eligible employees generally remain able to participate in Cypress benefit plans, as they may change from time to time. The Company is responsible for all liabilities incurred with respect to the Cypress plans by the Company as a participating company in such plans. The Company intends to have its own benefit plans established by the time its employees no longer are eligible to participate in Cypress benefit plans. Once the Company has established its own benefit plans, the Company will have the ability to modify or terminate each plan in accordance with the terms of those plans and our policies. It is the Companys intent that employees not receive duplicate benefits as a result of participation in its benefit plans and the corresponding Cypress benefit plans.
All of the Companys eligible employees are able to continue to participate in Cypress health plans, life insurance and other benefit plans as they may change from time to time, until the earliest of, (1) a change of control of the Company occurs, which includes such time as Cypress ceases to own at least a majority of the aggregate number of shares of all classes of our common stock then outstanding, (2) such time as the Companys status as a participating company under the Cypress plans is not permitted by a Cypress plan or by applicable law, (3) such time as Cypress determines in its reasonable judgment that the Companys status as a participating company under the Cypress plans has or will adversely affect Cypress, or its employees, directors, officers, agents, affiliates or its representatives, or (4) such earlier date as the Company and Cypress mutually agree. However, to avoid redundant benefits, the Companys employees will generally be precluded from participating in Cypress stock option plans and stock purchase plans.
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With respect to the Cypress 401(k) Plan, the Company is obligated to establish its own 401(k) Plan within 90 days of separation from Cypress, and Cypress will transfer all accounts in the Cypress 401(k) Plan held by the Companys employees to our 401(k) Plan.
Indemnification and Insurance Matters Agreement
The Company will indemnify Cypress and its affiliates, agents, successors and assigns from all liabilities arising from environmental conditions existing on, under, about or in the vicinity of any of the Companys facilities, or arising out of operations occurring at any of the Companys facilities, including the California facilities, whether prior to or after the separation; existing on, under, about or in the vicinity of the Philippines facility which the Company occupies, or arising out of operations occurring at such facility, whether prior to or after the separation, to the extent that those liabilities were caused by the Company; arising out of hazardous materials found on, under or about any landfill, waste, storage, transfer or recycling site and resulting from hazardous materials stored, treated, recycled, disposed or otherwise handled by any of the Companys operations or the Companys California and Philippines facilities prior to the separation; and arising out of the construction activity conducted by or on behalf of the Company at Cypress Texas facility.
The indemnification and insurance matters agreement and the master transition services agreement also contain provisions governing the Companys insurance coverage, which are under the Cypress insurance policies (other than the Companys directors and officers insurance, for which we have our own separate policy) until the earliest of (1) a change of control of the Company, which includes such time as Cypress ceases to own at least a majority of the aggregate number of shares of all classes of the Companys common stock then outstanding, (2) the date on which Cypress insurance carriers do not permit the Company to remain on Cypress policies, (3) the date on which Cypress cost of insurance under any particular insurance policy increases, directly or indirectly, due to the Companys inclusion or participation in such policy, (4) the date on which our coverage under the Cypress policies causes a real or potential conflict of interest or hardship for Cypress, as determined solely by Cypress or (5) the date on which Cypress and the Company mutually agree to terminate this arrangement. Prior to that time, Cypress will maintain insurance policies on the Companys behalf, and the Company shall reimburse Cypress for expenses related to insurance coverage during this period. The Company will work with Cypress to secure additional insurance if desired and cost effective.
Investor Rights Agreement
The Company has entered into an investor rights agreement with Cypress providing for specified (1) registration and other rights relating to the Companys shares of the Companys common stock, (2) information and inspection rights, (3) coordination of auditing practices and (4) approval rights with respect to certain transactions.
Tax Sharing Agreement
The Company has entered into a tax sharing agreement with Cypress providing for each of the partys obligations concerning various tax liabilities. The tax sharing agreement is structured such that Cypress will pay all federal, state, local and foreign taxes that are calculated on a consolidated or combined basis (while being a member of Cypress consolidated or combined group pursuant to federal, state, local and foreign tax law). The Companys portion of such tax liability or benefit will be determined based upon its separate return tax liability as defined under the tax sharing agreement. Such liability or benefit will be based on a pro forma calculation as if the Company were filing a separate income tax return in each jurisdiction, rather than on a combined or consolidated basis with Cypress subject to adjustments as set forth in the tax sharing agreement.
After the date the Company ceases to be a member of Cypress consolidated group for federal income tax purposes or state income tax purposes, as and to the extent that the Company becomes entitled to utilize on the Companys separate tax returns portions of those credit or loss carryforwards existing as of such date, the Company will distribute to Cypress the tax effect, estimated to be 34% for federal income tax purposes, of the amount of such tax loss carryforwards so utilized, and the amount of any credit carryforwards so utilized. The Company will distribute these amounts to Cypress in cash or in the Companys shares, at the Companys option. As of December 31, 2006, the Company has approximately $50.6.million of federal net operating loss carryforwards and approximately $4.8 million of California net operating loss carryforwards meaning that such potential future payments to Cypress, which would be made over a period of several years, would therefore aggregate approximately $15.0 million.
Upon completion of its follow-on public offering of common stock in June 2006, the Company is no longer considered to be a member of Cypress consolidated group for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Company will be subject to the obligations payable to Cypress for any federal income tax credit or loss carryforwards utilized in its federal tax returns in subsequent periods, as explained in the preceding paragraph.
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The Company will continue to be jointly and severally liable for any tax liability as governed under federal, state and local law during all periods in which it is deemed to be a member of the Cypress consolidated or combined group. Accordingly, although the tax sharing agreement allocates tax liabilities between Cypress and all its consolidated subsidiaries, for any period in which the Company is included in Cypress consolidated group, the Company could be liable in the event that any federal tax liability was incurred, but not discharged, by any other member of the group.
If Cypress distributes the Companys class B common stock to Cypress stockholders in a transaction intended to qualify as a tax-free distribution under Section 355 of the Code, Cypress intends to obtain an opinion of counsel and/or a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service to the effect that such distribution qualifies under Section 355 of the Code. Despite such an opinion or ruling, however, the distribution may nonetheless be taxable to Cypress under Section 355(e) of the Code if 50% or more of the Companys voting power or economic value is acquired as part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the distribution of the Companys stock. The tax sharing agreement includes the Companys obligation to indemnify Cypress for any liability incurred as a result of issuances or dispositions of the Companys stock after the distribution, other than liability attributable to certain dispositions of the Companys stock by Cypress, that cause Cypress distribution of shares of the Companys stock to its stockholders to be taxable to Cypress under Section 355(e) of the Code.
The tax sharing agreement further provides for cooperation with respect to tax matters, the exchange of information and the retention of records which may affect the income tax liability of either party. Disputes arising between Cypress and us relating to matters covered by the tax sharing agreement are subject to resolution through specific dispute resolution provisions contained in the agreement.
Note 9. Foreign Currency Derivatives
The Company has non-U.S. subsidiaries that operate and sell the Companys products in various global markets, primarily in Europe. As a result, the Company is exposed to risks associated with changes in foreign currency exchange rates. It is the Companys policy to use various hedge instruments to manage the exposures associated with purchases of foreign sourced equipment, net asset or liability positions of its subsidiaries and forecasted revenues and expenses. The Company does not enter into foreign currency derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.
As of April 1, 2007, the Companys hedge instruments consisted of foreign currency option contracts and foreign currency forward exchange contracts. The Company calculates the fair value of its option and forward contracts based on market volatilities, spot rates and interest differentials from published sources.
In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, the Company accounts for its hedges of forecasted foreign currency revenues as cash flow hedges and hedges of firmly committed purchase contracts denominated in foreign currency as fair value hedges.
Cash Flow Hedges: Hedges of forecasted foreign currency denominated revenues are designated as cash flow hedges and changes in fair value of the effective portion of hedge contracts are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders equity in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Amounts deferred in accumulated other comprehensive loss are reclassified into the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations in the periods in which the hedged exposure impacts earnings. The effective portion of unrealized gains (losses) recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, were losses of $455,000 and $876,000 for the three months ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006, respectively. As of April 1, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company had outstanding cash flow hedge forward contracts with an aggregate notional value of $54.8 million and $89.6 million, respectively. As of April 1, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company had outstanding option contracts with an aggregate notional value of $69.2 million and $16.0 million, respectively. The maturity dates of the outstanding contracts ranged from April 2007 to January 2008.
Fair Value Hedges: On occasion, the Company commits to purchase equipment in foreign currency, predominantly Euros. When these purchases are hedged and qualify as firm commitments under SFAS No. 133, they are designated as fair value hedges and changes in the fair value of the firm commitment derivative contract are recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations. Under fair value hedge treatment, the changes in the firm commitment on a spot to spot basis are recorded in property and equipment, net, in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet and in other income (expense), net in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Both cash flow hedges and fair value hedges are tested for effectiveness each period on a spot to spot basis using the dollar-offset method. Both the excluded time value and any ineffectiveness, which were not significant for all periods, are recorded in other income and (expense), net.
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In addition, the Company began hedging the net balance sheet effect of Euro denominated assets and liabilities in 2005 primarily for Euro denominated receivables from customers, prepayments to suppliers and advances received from customers. The Company records its hedges of foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities at fair value with the related gains or losses recorded in other income. The gains or losses on these contracts are substantially offset by transaction gains or losses on the underlying balances being hedged. As of April 1, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the Company held forward contracts with an aggregate notional value of $32.8 million and $37.6 million, respectively, to hedge the risks associated with Euro foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities.
Note 10. Stock-Based Compensation
The following table summarizes the consolidated stock-based compensation expense, by type of awards:
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
(In thousands) |
April 1, 2007 | April 2, 2006 | ||||||
Employee stock options |
$ | 4,746 | $ | 1,439 | ||||
Restricted stock |
5,976 | 35 | ||||||
Amounts capitalized in inventory |
(119 | ) | (62 | ) | ||||
Total stock-based compensation expense |
$ | 10,603 | $ | 1,412 | ||||
The following table summarizes the consolidated stock-based compensation expense by line items in the Consolidated Statements of Operations:
Three Months Ended | ||||||
(In thousands) |
April 1, 2007 | April 2, 2006 | ||||
Cost of revenue |
$ | 2,250 | $ | 193 | ||
Research and development |
501 | 420 | ||||
Sales, general and administrative |
7,852 | 799 | ||||
Total stock-based compensation expense |
$ | 10,603 | $ | 1,412 | ||
As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS No. 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.
Consolidated net cash proceeds from the issuance of shares under the Companys employee stock plans were $2.0 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007 and $0.4 million for the three months ended April 2, 2006. No income tax benefit was realized from stock option exercises during the three months ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006. As required, the Company presents excess tax benefits from the exercise of stock options, if any, as financing cash flows rather than operating cash flows.
The following table summarizes the unrecognized stock-based compensation costs by type of awards:
(In thousands, except years) | As of April 1, 2007 |
Weighted-Average Amortization Period (in years) | |||
Stock options |
$ | 34,342 | 2.0 | ||
Restricted stock |
4,473 | 3.5 | |||
Shares subject to revesting restrictions |
37,254 | 1.8 | |||
Total unrecognized stock-based compensation balance |
$ | 76,069 | 2.0 | ||
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Equity Incentive Program
On May 4, 2007, the Companys stockholders approved an additional increase in the number of shares available for future issuance by 925,000 shares under the Companys 2005 Incentive Stock Option Plan under which the Company may issue incentive or non-statutory stock options or stock purchase rights to employees and consultants to purchase common stock .
The following table summarizes the Companys stock option activities:
Three Months Ended April 1, 2007 | ||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) |
Shares | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share | ||||
Options outstanding as of December 31, 2006 |
4,980 | $ | 3.97 | |||
Options exchanged/assumed in connection with PowerLight acquisition |
1,602 | 5.54 | ||||
Exercised |
(720 | ) | 2.78 | |||
Forfeited |
(33 | ) | 19.13 | |||
Options outstanding as of April 1, 2007 |
5,829 | 4.47 | ||||
Options exercisable as of April 1, 2007 |
2,112 | 2.85 | ||||
Information regarding the Companys outstanding stock options as of April 1, 2007 was as follows:
Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||||||||||
Range of Exercise Price | Shares (in |
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in |
Shares (in |
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) |
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in | ||||||||||||
$ 0.040.75 | 1,270 | 4.74 | $ | 0.28 | $ | 57,438 | 607 | 4.84 | $ | 0.34 | $ | 27,418 | ||||||||
0.882.66 | 482 | 7.47 | 1.98 | 20,987 | 223 | 7.19 | 1.86 | 9,744 | ||||||||||||
3.304.95 | 3,211 | 7.63 | 3.32 | 135,416 | 1,157 | 7.62 | 3.31 | 48,798 | ||||||||||||
7.0016.20 | 455 | 8.39 | 8.30 | 16,923 | 98 | 8.37 | 8.06 | 3,668 | ||||||||||||
17.0041.15 | 411 | 9.21 | 25.03 | 8,416 | 27 | 8.48 | 28.35 | 471 | ||||||||||||
5,829 | 7.16 | 4.47 | $ | 239,180 | 2,112 | 6.82 | 2.85 | $ | 90,099 | |||||||||||
The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value, based on the Companys closing stock price of $45.50 at April 1, 2007, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of that date. The total number of in-the-money options exercisable was 2.1 million shares as of April 1, 2007.
The following table summarizes the Companys non-vested stock options and restricted stock activities:
Stock Options | Restricted Stock | |||||||||||
(In thousands, except per share amounts) |
Shares | Weighted- Average Grant Date per Share |
Shares | Weighted- Average Grant Date per Share | ||||||||
Outstanding as of December 31, 2006 |
3,141 | $ | 4.45 | 229 | $ | 35.40 | ||||||
Granted |
1,602 | 5.54 | 269 | 41.68 | ||||||||
Vested |
(994 | ) | 2.75 | (16 | ) | 33.34 | ||||||
Forfeited |
(32 | ) | 2.78 | (4 | ) | 39.86 | ||||||
Outstanding as of April 1, 2007 |
3,717 | 5.39 | 478 | 38.97 | ||||||||
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Stock Unit Plan:
As of April 1, 2007, the Company has granted approximately 158,000 units to approximately 1,230 employees in the Philippines at an average unit price of $27.90 in relation to its 2005 Stock Unit Plan, under which participants are awarded the right to receive cash payments from the Company in an amount equal to the appreciation in the Companys common stock between the award date and the date the employee redeems the award. A maximum of 300,000 stock units may be subject to stock unit awards granted under the 2005 Stock Unit Plan. For the three months ended April 1, 2007, total compensation expense associated with the 2005 Stock Unit Plan was $0.4 million.
Note 11. Income Taxes
The Companys effective rate of income tax benefit was 194% for the three months ended April 1, 2007 and the effective rate of income tax provision was 11% for the three months ended April 2, 2006. The tax benefit for the first quarter of fiscal 2007 was primarily attributable to the recognition of deferred tax assets as a result of the Companys acquisition of PowerLight and amortization of a deferred tax liability associated with purchased intangible assets, partially offset by non-U.S. taxes on income earned in certain countries that was not offset by current year net operating losses in other countries. The tax provision for the first quarter of fiscal 2006 was attributable to non-U.S. taxes on income earned in certain countries that was not offset by current year net operating losses in other countries.
Unrecognized Tax Benefits
The Company adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on January 1, 2007. As of January 1, 2007, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was approximately $1.1 million, which, if accrued, would affect the Companys effective tax rate. The additional amount of unrecognized tax benefits recognized during the first quarter of fiscal 2007 was $0.3 million. Management believes that events that could occur in the next 12 months and cause a change in unrecognized tax benefits include, but are not limited to, the following:
| completion of examinations of the Companys tax returns by the U.S. or foreign taxing authorities; and |
| expiration of statue of limitations on the Companys tax returns. |
The calculation of unrecognized tax benefits involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex global tax regulations. Uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the impact of legislative, regulatory, and judicial developments, transfer pricing and the application of withholding taxes. Management regularly assesses the Companys tax positions in light of legislative, bilateral tax treaty, regulatory and judicial developments in the countries in which the Company does business. Management determines that an estimate of the range of reasonably possible change in the amounts of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months cannot be made.
Classification of Interest and Penalties
The Companys policy is to classify interest expense and penalty, if any, as components of income tax provision in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. No material amount has been accrued through the first quarter of fiscal 2007.
Tax Years and Examination
The following table summarizes the Companys major tax jurisdictions and the tax years that remain subject to examination by these jurisdictions as of January 1, 2007:
Tax Jurisdictions |
Tax Years | |
The United States |
2003 and onward | |
California |
2002 and onward |
Additionally, while years prior to 2003 for the U.S. corporate tax return are not open for assessment, the IRS can adjust net operating loss and research and development carryovers that were generated in prior years and carried forward to 2003.
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Note 12. Segment and Geographical Information
Prior to fiscal year 2007, the Company operated in one business segment comprising the design, manufacture and sale of solar electric power products, or solar power products, imaging and infrared detectors based on its proprietary processes and technologies. Effective January 10, 2007, the Company operated in two business segments: systems and components. The systems business segment generally represents sales of engineering, procurement, construction and other services relating to solar electric power systems that integrate our solar panels and balance of systems components, as well as materials sourced from other manufactures. The components business segment primarily represent sales of our solar cells, solar panels and inverters to solar systems installers and other resellers. In addition, our components segment includes sales of imaging and infrared detectors to OEMs. Revenue associated with the Company solar panels sold through PowerLight is recognized in the systems business segment. The Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM), as defined by SFAS No. 131, Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information (SFAS No. 13), assesses the performance of each operating segment using information about its revenue and gross margin.
Intersegment revenue of $11.4 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007 was comprised of sales by the components business segment to the systems business segment and were eliminated per the Companys financial results.
The following tables present revenue by geography and segment, gross margin by segment and property, and plant and equipment information based on geographic region. Revenue is based on the destination of the shipments. Property, plant and equipment are based on the physical location of the assets:
Three Months Ended | ||||||
April 1, 2007 | April 2, 2006 | |||||
Revenue by geography: |
||||||
United States |
39 | % | 36 | % | ||
Germany |
14 | % | 44 | % | ||
Spain |
22 | % | |
% | ||
Rest of Europe |
15 | % | 13 | % | ||
Asia |
10 | % | 4 | % | ||
Others |
| % | 3 | % | ||
100 | % | 100 | % | |||
Revenue by segment: |
||||||
Systems |
55 | % | | % | ||
Components |
45 | % | 100 | % | ||
100 | % | 100 | % | |||
Gross margin by segment: |
||||||
Systems |
20 | % | | % | ||
Components |
26 | % | 14 | % | ||
Significant customers: |
||||||
Conergy AG |
10 | % | 22 | % | ||
Solon AG |
12 | % | 28 | % | ||
Elecnor |
19 | % | | % |
(In thousands) |
April 1, 2007 | December 31, 2006 | ||||
Property, plant and equipment by geography: |
||||||
United States |
$ | 9,235 | $ | 8,051 | ||
Philippines |
244,786 | 192,335 | ||||
China |
| 2,042 | ||||
$ | 254,021 | $ | 202,428 | |||
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Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies
Operating Lease Commitments
The Company leases its San Jose, California facility under a non-cancelable operating lease from Cypress, which expires on April 30, 2011 (see Note 8). The lease also requires the Company to pay property taxes, insurance and certain other costs. The Company also leases its wafer fabrication facility in the Philippines from Cypress, which expires in July 2021 (see Note 8). In December 2005, the Company entered into a 5-year operating lease from an unaffiliated third party for an additional building in the Philippines. The Company also has lease arrangements for its PowerLight offices in Berkeley, California under various lease arrangements which expire between 2007 and 2009, as well as for a field office in New Jersey, which expires in 2011. In December 2006, PowerLight entered into an eleven-year lease agreement for a facility in Richmond, California, which the Company expects to move into in the fourth quarter of 2007. Future minimum obligations under all non-cancelable operating leases as of April 1, 2007 are as follows (in thousands):
2007 (remaining nine months) |
$ | 1,823 | |
2008 |
3,380 | ||
2009 |
3,520 | ||
2010 |
3,546 | ||
2011 |
2,535 | ||
Thereafter |
15,940 | ||
$ | 30,744 | ||
Purchase Commitments
The Company purchases raw materials for inventory, services and manufacturing equipment from a variety of vendors. During the normal course of business, in order to manage manufacturing lead times and help assure adequate supply, the Company enters into agreements with contract manufacturers and suppliers that either allow them to procure goods and services based upon specifications defined by the Company, or that establish parameters defining the Companys requirements. In certain instances, these agreements allow the Company the option to cancel, reschedule or adjust the Companys requirements based on its business needs prior to firm orders being placed. Consequently, only a portion of the Companys recorded purchase commitments arising from these agreements are firm, non-cancelable and unconditional commitments.
The Company also has agreements with several suppliers of polysilicon, ingots, wafers, solar cells and solar panels and which specify future quantities and pricing of products to be supplied by the vendors for periods up to 12 years and provide for certain consequences, such as forfeiture of advanced deposits and penalty payments relating to previous purchases, in the event that the Company terminates the arrangements (see Note 7).
At April 1, 2007, total obligations related to such supplier agreements was $1.3 billion of which $250 million was related to a joint venture (as discussed below). The Companys non-cancelable purchase orders related to equipment and building improvements totaled approximately $63.1 million.
Future minimum obligations under supplier agreements and non-cancelable purchase orders as of April 1, 2007 are as follows (in thousands):
2007 (remaining nine months) |
$ | 220,802 | |
2008 |
265,088 | ||
2009 |
238,113 | ||
2010 |
232,658 | ||
2011 |
242,848 | ||
Thereafter |
151,883 | ||
$ | 1,351,392 | ||
Joint Venture
In the third quarter of fiscal 2006, the Company entered into an agreement with Woongjin Coway Co., Ltd. (Woongjin), a provider of environmental products located in Korea, to form Woongjin Energy Co., Ltd (Woongjin Energy), a joint venture to manufacture mono-crystalline silicon ingots. Under the joint venture, the Company and Woongjin will fund the joint venture through capital investments. In addition, Woongjin Energy will obtain a $33.0 million loan to be guaranteed by Woongjin. Additionally, the
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Company will supply polysilicon and technology required for the silicon ingot manufacturing to the joint venture, and procure the manufactured silicon ingots from the joint venture. Woongjin Energy is expected to begin manufacturing in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2007, and the Company expects to purchase approximately $250 million of silicon ingots from Woongjin Energy through a five-year agreement.
The Company has invested $5.0 million in the joint venture comprised of a 19.9% equity investment valued at $1.7 million and a $3.3 million convertible note that is convertible at the Companys option into an additional 20.1% equity ownership in the joint venture. The entire $5.0 million is classified as Other Long-Term Assets in the April 1, 2007 consolidated balance sheet. Neither party has contractual obligations to provide any additional funding to the joint venture. As of April 1, 2007, the joint venture was in the development stage and had no operations.
Product Warranties
The Company warrants or guarantees the performance of its solar panels at certain levels of conversion efficiency for extended periods, often as long as 25 years. It also warrants or guarantees the functionality of solar cells and imaging detectors for at least one year. Therefore, the Company maintains warranty reserves to cover potential liability that could result from these guarantees. The Companys potential liability is generally in the form of product replacement. Warranty reserves are based on the Companys best estimate of such liabilities and are recognized as a cost of revenue. The Company continuously monitors product returns for warranty failures and maintains a reserve for the related warranty expenses based on historical experience of similar products as well as various other assumptions that are considered reasonable under the circumstances. During the three months ended April 1, 2007 our estimated warranty reserve provision rates were higher than during the same period in 2006, based on specific potential warranty exposures and increased warranty provision rates due to results of our testing that simulates adverse environmental conditions and potential failure rates our solar panels could experience during their 25-year warranty period. Warranty charges were $4.1 million and $0.2 million during the three month periods ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006, respectively.
The Company generally provides warranty on systems for a period of five years. The Companys estimated warranty cost for each project is accrued and the related costs are charged against the warranty accrual when incurred. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future warranty-related expenses under these or similar contracts due to the conditional nature of the Companys obligations and the unique facts and circumstances involved in each particular contract. Historically, warranty costs related to contracts have been within managements expectations.
The following summarizes activity within accrued warranty:
(In thousands) |
Three Months Ended | |||||||
April 1, 2007 | April 2, 2006 | |||||||
Balance at December 31, 2006 |
$ | 3,446 | $ | 574 | ||||
PowerLight accrued balance at date of acquisition |
6,542 | | ||||||
Accruals for warranties during the period |
4,147 | 231 | ||||||
Settlements made during the period |
(575 | ) | (163 | ) | ||||
Balance at April 1, 2007 |
$ | 13,560 | $ | 642 | ||||
In February 2004, one of PowerLights major panel suppliers at the time, AstroPower, Inc., filed for bankruptcy. PowerLight had installed systems incorporating over 30,000 AstroPower panels, and approximately 27,000 of these panels incorporated into systems that are still under warranty by it. The majority of these warranties expire by 2008, and all expire by 2010. While PowerLight has not experienced a significant number of warranty or other claims related to installed AstroPower panels, it may in the future incur significant unreimbursable expenses in connection with the repair or replacement of these panels, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, another major supplier of solar panels notified PowerLight of a product defect that may affect a substantial number of panels installed by PowerLight during the period 2002 through September 2006. If the supplier does not perform its contractual obligations to remediate the defective panels, we will be exposed to those costs it would incur under the warranty with PowerLights customers.
Indemnifications
The Company is a party to a variety of agreements pursuant to which it may be obligated to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Typically, these obligations arise in connection with contracts and license agreements or the sale of assets, under which the Company customarily agrees to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of warranties, representations and covenants related to such matters as title to assets sold, negligent acts, damage to property, validity of certain intellectual property rights, non- infringement of third-party rights, and certain tax related matters. In each of these circumstances, payment by the Company is typically subject to the other party making a claim to the Company pursuant to the procedures specified
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in the particular contract. These procedures usually allow the Company to challenge the other partys claims or, in case of breach of intellectual property representations or covenants, to control the defense or settlement of any third-party claims brought against the other party. Further, the Companys obligations under these agreements may be limited in terms of activity (typically to replace or correct the products or terminate the agreement with a refund to the other party), duration and/or amounts. In some instances, the Company may have recourse against third parties and/or insurance covering certain payments made by the Company.
Note 14. Line of Credit
In December 2005, SunPower entered into a $25.0 million three-year revolving credit facility (the Facility) with affiliates of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Lehman Brothers, Inc. The Facility is collateralized by substantially all of our assets, including the stock of our foreign subsidiaries. Borrowings under the Facility are conditioned upon customary conditions as well as (1) with respect to the first $10.0 million drawn on the facility, maintenance of cash collateral to the extent of outstanding borrowings (excluding amounts borrowed), and (2) with respect to the remaining $15.0 million of the Facility, satisfaction of a coverage test which is based on the ratio of our cash flow to capital expenditures. The Facility contains customary covenants and defaults including limitations on dividends, incurrence of indebtedness and liens, and mergers and acquisitions. The Facility bears interest at a rate of the greater of the prime rate or federal funds rate for U.S. dollar draws, or the LIBOR plus 1% for Euro dollar draws on the first $10.0 million of borrowings and the greater of the prime rate plus 2% or federal funds rate plus 2% for U.S. dollar draws, or LIBOR plus 3% for Euro dollar draws on any borrowings over $10.0 million. The interest rate for Euro dollar borrowings would have been 6.4% on the first $10.0 million of borrowings and 8.4% on any borrowings over $10.0 million at April 1, 2007. The interest rate U.S. dollar borrowings would have been 8.3% on the first $10.0 million of borrowings and 10.3% on any borrowings over $10.0 million at April 1, 2007. To date there have been no borrowings under the Facility.
In connection with the PowerLight acquisition on January 10, 2007, the Company assumed a line of credit with an outstanding balance of approximately $3.6 million. During the first quarter of fiscal 2007, the Company paid off the outstanding balance in full.
On January 10, 2007, PowerLight amended and restated its loan agreement with a commercial bank. The amended and restated loan agreement provided for a $10 million trade finance credit facility, which was scheduled to expire on April 30, 2007. This facility allows PowerLight to issue commercial and standby letters of credit, but does not provide for any loans. All of the assets of PowerLight secure this trade finance facility. In addition, the agreement required that PowerLight maintain cash equal to the value of letter of credits outstanding in restricted accounts as collateral for letters of credit issued by the bank. As of April 1, 2007, the Company had $5.1 million in restricted cash related to such loan agreement. On April 27, 2007, PowerLight entered into an amendment to the loan agreement to, among other things, extend the maturity date to July 31, 2007, and remove the requirement to have cash collateral for letters of credit. The Company guaranteed $10.5 million to the commercial bank in connection with the April 27, 2007 amendment for the $10 million trade credit facility, and a separate $0.5 million credit card facility through the commercial bank.
Note 15. Senior Convertible Debentures
In February 2007, the Company issued $200.0 million in principal amount of its 1.25% senior convertible debentures (Debentures). Interest on the Debentures will be payable on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing August 15, 2007. The Debentures will mature on February 15, 2027. Holders may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their Debentures on each of February 15, 2012, February 15, 2017 and February 15, 2022, or if the Company experiences certain types of corporate transactions constituting a fundamental change. Any repurchase of the Companys Debentures pursuant to these provisions will be for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Debentures to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, the Company may redeem some or all of the Debentures on or after February 15, 2012 for cash at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Debentures to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest.
Holders of the Debentures may, under certain circumstances at their option, convert the Debentures into cash and, if applicable, shares of the Companys class A common stock initially at a conversion rate of 17.6211 shares (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $56.75 per share), at any time on or prior to maturity. The applicable conversion rate will be subject to customary adjustments in certain circumstances.
The Debentures are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company, ranking equally with all existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness of the Company. The Debentures are effectively subordinated to the Companys secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the related collateral and structurally subordinated to indebtedness and other liabilities of the Companys subsidiaries. The Debentures do not contain any covenants or sinking fund requirements.
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Share Lending Agreement
Concurrent with the offering of Debentures, the Company lent 2.9 million shares of its class A common stock, all of which are being borrowed by an affiliate of Lehman Brothers Inc. (LBIE), one of the underwriters of the Debentures. The Company did not receive any proceeds from that offering of class A common stock, but received a nominal lending fee of $0.001 per share for each share of common stock that is loaned pursuant to the share lending agreement described below.
Share loans under the share lending agreement will terminate and the borrowed shares must be returned to the Company under the following circumstances: (i) LBIE may terminate all or any portion of a loan at any time; (ii) the Company may terminate any or all of the outstanding loans upon a default by LBIE under the share lending agreement, including a breach by LBIE of any of its representations and warranties, covenants or agreements under the share lending agreement, or the bankruptcy of LBIE; or (iii) if the Company enters into a merger or similar business combination transaction with an unaffiliated third party (as defined in the agreement), all outstanding loans will terminate on the effective date of such event.
Any shares loaned to LBIE will be issued and outstanding for corporate law purposes and, accordingly, the holders of the borrowed shares will have all of the rights of a holder of the Companys outstanding shares, including the right to vote the shares on all matters submitted to a vote of the Companys stockholders and the right to receive any dividends or other distributions that the Company may pay or make on its outstanding shares of class A common stock.
While the share lending agreement does not require cash payment upon return of the shares, physical settlement is required (i.e., the loaned shares must be returned at the end of the arrangement). In view of this and the contractual undertakings of LBIE in the share lending agreement, which have the effect of substantially eliminating the economic dilution that otherwise would result from the issuance of the borrowed shares, the borrowed shares will not be considered outstanding for the purpose of computing and reporting earnings per share. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the shares will nonetheless be issued and outstanding and will be eligible for trading on The Nasdaq Global Market.
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Item 2. | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of SunPower Corporation and its subsidiaries (SunPower or the Company, Us, We or Our) contains forward-looking statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q also includes data, including forward-looking information, pertaining to PowerLight Corporation, our wholly-owned subsidiary, which we acquired on January 10, 2007. All statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including those made by the management of SunPower, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Examples of forward-looking statements include statements regarding SunPowers ability to obtain polysilicon ingots or wafers, future financial results, operating results, business strategies, projected costs, products, competitive positions, managements plans and objectives for future operations, and industry trends. These forward-looking statements are based on managements estimates, projections and assumptions as of the date hereof and include the assumptions that underlie such statements. Forward-looking statements may contain words such as may, will, should, could, would, expect, plan, anticipate, believe, estimate, predict, potential, and continue, the negative of these terms, or other comparable terminology. Any expectations based on these forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and other important factors, including those discussed below and in the section titled PART II OTHER INFORMATION, ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS. Other risks and uncertainties are disclosed in SunPowers prior Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, including its 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K and current filings on Form 8-K. These and many other factors could affect SunPowers future financial condition and operating results and could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations based on forward-looking statements made in this document or elsewhere by SunPower or on its behalf. SunPower undertakes no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements.
The following information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our fiscal quarters end on the Sunday closest to the end of the applicable calendar quarter. All references to fiscal periods apply to SunPowers fiscal quarters or year which ends on the Sunday closest to the calendar month end.
Overview
We design, develop, manufacture, market and sell solar electric power products, systems and services. Our products are based on our proprietary processes and technologies. We have spent more than 15 years developing high performance solar cells, which are semiconductor devices that directly convert sunlight into electricity. We believe our solar cells have the highest conversion efficiency, a measurement of the amount of sunlight converted by the solar cell into electricity, available for the mass market. We also believe our solar cells provide the following benefits compared with conventional solar cells:
| Superior performance, including the ability to generate up to 50% more power per unit area; |
| Superior aesthetics, with our uniformly black surface design which eliminates highly visible reflective grid lines and metal interconnect ribbons; and |
| Efficient use of silicon, a key raw material used in the manufacture of solar cells. |
We offer solar power products, including solar cells, solar panels and inverters, which convert sunlight to electricity compatible with the utility network. Our initial solar sales efforts have been focused on residential and commercial applications where the high performance and superior aesthetics of our solar power products provide compelling customer benefits. We are also selling products for multi-megawatt solar power plant applications that mount our products on moving structures that track the sun. We sell our products in many countries, principally in regions where government incentives have accelerated solar power adoption.
We produce our solar cells at our manufacturing facility in the Philippines. We currently operate four solar cell manufacturing lines in the Philippines, with a total rated manufacturing capacity of approximately 108 megawatts per year. We have recently started construction on a second solar cell manufacturing facility in the Philippines, which is designed to house up to ten additional manufacturing lines. We expect three manufacturing lines in the new facility to be operational by the end of 2007, which would give us an aggregate rated solar cell manufacturing capacity of approximately 207 megawatts per year. Currently, most of our solar panels are assembled for us by a third-party subcontractor in China. We supplement this capacity with in-house production at our automated panel assembly factory located in the Philippines. We expect to produce up to 30 megawatts of solar panels per year from our first manufacturing line. The solar panel assembly factory has sufficient space to expand capacity to 90 megawatts per year. Our systems in North America also include branded inverters manufactured for us by multiple suppliers.
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In addition, we offer imaging detectors based on our solar power technology primarily for medical imaging applications. Our imaging detectors are manufactured for us by Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Cypress) and are processed and tested in our San Jose, California facility. We sell our imaging detectors to OEMs. We also offer infrared detectors based on our high performance all back contact technology primarily for use in computing and mobile phone applications.
Acquisition of PowerLight Corporation
On January 10, 2007, we completed our merger transaction (the Merger) involving PowerLight Corporation (PowerLight). Upon the completion of the Merger, all of the outstanding shares of PowerLight, and a portion of each vested option to purchase shares of PowerLight, were cancelled, and all of the outstanding options to purchase shares of PowerLight (other than the portion of each vested option that was cancelled) were assumed by us in exchange for aggregate consideration of (i) approximately $120.7 million in cash plus (ii) a total of 5,708,723 shares of class A common stock, inclusive of (a) 1,145,643 shares of class A common stock which may be issued upon the exercise of assumed vested and unvested PowerLight stock options and (b) 1,675,881 shares of class A common stock issued to employees of the PowerLight business in connection with the Merger which, along with 530,238 of the shares issuable upon exercise of assumed PowerLight stock options, are subject to certain transfer restrictions and a repurchase option of the Company, both of which lapse over a two-year period under the terms of equity restriction agreements. Under the terms of the Merger agreement, the Company also issued an additional 204,623 shares of restricted class A common stock to certain employees of the PowerLight business, which shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions which will lapse over 4 years.
PowerLight is a leading global provider of large-scale solar power systems. PowerLight designs, assembles, markets and sells solar electric power system technology that integrates solar cells and solar panels from SunPower and other suppliers to convert sunlight to electricity compatible with the utility network. PowerLight also provides solar power systems to end customers on a turn-key whole-solution basis by developing, engineering, procuring permits and equipment for, managing construction of, offering access to financing for, and providing monitoring, operations and maintenance services for large-scale roof-mounted and ground-mounted solar power applications. PowerLights customers include industrial, commercial and public sector entities, investors, utilities and production home builders. PowerLights solar power systems generate electricity over a system design life typically exceeding 25 years. PowerLights solar systems are principally designed to be used in large-scale applications exceeding 300 kilowatts, including the development of solar production home communities. PowerLight has completed or is in the process of completing over 300 projects worldwide, rated in aggregate at over 100 megawatts peak capacity for PowerLight customers in North America, Europe and Asia. In the U.S., PowerLight typically sells solar systems rated up to one megawatt of capacity to provide a supplemental, distributed source of electricity for a customers facility. In Europe and South Korea, PowerLights products and systems are often purchased by third-party investors as central station solar power plants, typically rated from one to 20 megawatts, which generate electricity for sale under tariff to regional and public utilities.
PowerLight designs and engineers complete solar power systems that combine its roof-mounted or ground-mounted products with electrical inverters and other standard components that connect to the customers existing electrical system or directly to the utility network. PowerLight solar system technology integrates solar cells and solar panels manufactured by SunPower and other suppliers, such as ErSol Solar Energy AG, Evergreen Solar, Inc., JingAo Solar Company, Ltd., Mitsui Comtek Corp., a distributor for Sanyo Electronics Co., Ltd., or Sanyo, and SunTech Power Co., Ltd., Q-Cells Aktiengesellschaft, Schott Solar, Inc., Sharp Electronics Corporation and Sharp Electronics (Europe) GmbH, which support their products with long-term manufacturing warranties of up to 25 years. PowerLight has contracted with some of these suppliers for multi-year supply agreements.
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The total consideration related to the acquisition is as follows:
(In thousands) |
Shares | Fair Value | |||
Purchase consideration: |
|||||
Cash |
| $ | 120,694 | ||
Common stock |
2,961 | 111,266 | |||
Stock options assumed that are fully vested |
618 | 21,280 | |||
Direct transaction costs |
| 2,958 | |||
Total purchase consideration |
3,579 | 256,198 | |||
Future stock compensation: |
|||||
Restricted stock |
1,146 | $ | 43,046 | ||
Stock options assumed but that are unvested |
984 | 35,126 | |||
Total future stock compensation |
2,130 | 78,172 | |||
Total purchase consideration and future stock compensation |
5,709 | $ | 334,370 | ||
Purchase Price Allocation
Under the purchase method of accounting, the total purchase price as shown in the table above was allocated to PowerLights net tangible and intangible assets based on their estimated fair values as of the Effective Date. The purchase price has been allocated based on managements best estimates. The fair value of the Companys common stock issued was determined based on the average closing prices for a range of trading days around the announcement date (November 15, 2006) of the transaction. The fair value of stock options assumed was estimated using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions: volatility of 90%, expected life ranging from 2.7 years to 6.3 years, and risk-free interest rate of 4.6%. The allocation of the purchase price and the estimated useful lives associated with certain assets is as follows:
(In thousands) |
Amount | Estimated Useful Life | ||||
Net tangible assets |
$ | 13,925 | n.a. | |||
Patents and purchased technology |
29,448 | 4 years | ||||
Tradenames |
15,535 | 5 years | ||||
Backlog |
11,787 | 1 year | ||||
Customer relationships |
22,730 | 6 years | ||||
In-process research and development |
9,575 | n.a. | ||||
Unearned stock compensation |
78,172 | n.a. | ||||
Deferred tax liability |
(21,964 | ) | n.a. | |||
Goodwill |
175,162 | n.a. | ||||
Total purchase consideration and future stock compensation |
$ | 334,370 | ||||
Relationship with Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (Cypress) made a significant investment in SunPower in 2002. On November 9, 2004, Cypress completed a reverse triangular merger with us in which all of the outstanding minority equity interest of SunPower was retired, effectively giving Cypress 100% ownership of all of our then outstanding shares of capital stock but leaving our unexercised warrants and options outstanding.
On May 4, 2007, Cypress sold 7,500,000 shares of our class B common stock in an offering pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act. Such shares converted to 7,500,000 shares of class A common stock upon the sale. Following this sale, Cypress owns 44,533,287 shares of our Class B common stock, representing approximately 59% of our total outstanding shares of common stock. Cypress also holds approximately 91% of the voting power of our total outstanding capital stock, as our class B common stock has 8 votes per share compared to one vote per share for our class A common. Cypress may convert into class A common stock at any time. Cypress has advised us that it does not have any current plans to distribute to its stockholders the shares of our class B common stock that it beneficially owns, although it may elect to effect such a distribution in the future.
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Critical Accounting Policies
The Companys critical accounting policies are disclosed in the Companys Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006 and have not changed materially as of April 1, 2007, with the exception of the following:
Revenue and Cost Recognition
Construction Contracts
The Company recognizes revenues from fixed price contracts under AICPA Statement of Position (SOP) 81-1, Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type Contracts, using the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Under this method, revenue is recognized as work is performed based on the percentage that incurred costs bear to estimated total forecasted costs utilizing the most recent estimates of forecasted costs.
Incurred costs include all direct material, labor, subcontract costs, and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, and repairs. Job material costs are included in incurred costs when the job materials have been installed. Where contracts stipulate that title to job materials transfers to the customer before installation has been performed, revenue is deferred and recognized upon installation, in accordance with the percentage-of-completion method of accounting. Job materials are considered installed materials when they are permanently attached or fitted to the solar power system as required by the jobs engineering design.
Due to inherent uncertainties in estimating cost, job costs estimates are reviewed and/or updated by management working with its projects department. The projects department determines the completed percentage of installed job materials at the end of each month; generally this information is also reviewed with the customers on-site representative. The completed percentage of installed job materials is then used for each job to calculate the month-end job material costs incurred. Direct labor, subcontractor, and other costs are charged to contract costs as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts, if any, are recognized in the period in which the loss first becomes probable and reasonably estimable. Contracts may include profit incentives such as milestone bonuses. These profit incentives are included in the contract value when their realization is reasonably assured.
As of April 1, 2007, the asset, Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings, which represents revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed, was $19.1 million. The liability, Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings, which represents billings in excess of revenues recognized, was $38.4 million.
Cash in Restricted Accounts
Cash in restricted accounts represents collateral for letters of credit issued by a commercial bank in favor of two of the Companys suppliers and one customer. The funds will be released upon payment to the suppliers and the successful completion of the customer contracts.
Deferred Project Costs
Deferred project costs represent uninstalled materials on contracts for which title had transferred to the customer. Because these materials cannot be recognized as contract costs, they are recognized as deferred assets until installation. As of April 1, 2007, deferred project costs was $31.1 million.
Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities of PowerLights wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries are translated from their respective functional currencies at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates prevailing during the applicable period. The resulting translation adjustment for the three months ended April 1, 2007 of $336,000 is reflected as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders equity.
Purchase Accounting
We record all assets and liabilities acquired in purchase acquisitions, including goodwill, identified intangible assets and in-process research and development, at fair value as required by SFAS No. 141, Business Combinations. The initial recording of goodwill, identified intangible assets and in-process research and development requires requires certain estimates and assumptions especially concerning the determination of the fair values and useful lives of the acquired intangible assets. The judgments made in the context of the purchase price allocation can materially impact our future results of operations. Accordingly, for significant acquisitions, we obtain assistance from third party valuation specialists. The valuations are based on information available at the acquisition date. Goodwill is not amortized but is subject to annual tests for impairment or more often if events or circumstances indicate they may be impaired. Other identified intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are subject to impairment if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount.
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In-Process Research and Development (IPR&D) Charge
In connection with the acquisition of PowerLight, we recorded an IPR&D charge of $9.6 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2007, as technological feasibility associated with the in-process research and development projects had not been established and no alternative future use existed.
We identified in-process research and development projects in areas for which technological feasibility had not been established and no alternative future use existed. These in-process research and development projects consist of two components: design automation tool and tracking systems and other. In assessing the projects, we considered key characteristics of the technology as well as its future prospects, the rate technology changes in the industry, product life cycles, and various projects stage of development.
The value of in-process research and development was determined using the income approach method, which calculated the sum of the discounted future cash flows attributable to the projects once commercially viable using a 40% discount rate, which were derived from a weighted-average cost of capital analysis and adjusted to reflect the stage of completion of the projects and the level of risks associated with the projects. The percentage of completion for each project was determined by identifying the research and development expenses invested in the project as a ratio of the total estimated development costs required to bring the project to technical and commercial feasibility. The following table summarizes certain information of each significant project as of the acquisition date:
Projects |
Estimated Stage of Completion as of Acquisition Date |
Total Cost Incurred as of Acquisition Date |
Total Estimated Costs to Complete |
Estimated Completion Dates | ||||||
Design Automation Tool |
5% | $ | 0.2 million | $ | 2.6 million | Dec 2010 | ||||
Tracking Systems and Other |
30% | $ | 0.2 million | $ | 0.8 million | Jul 2007 |
Status of In-Process Research and Development Projects:
To date, there have been no significant differences between the actual and estimated results of the in-process research and development projects related to PowerLight. As of April 1, 2007, we incurred total post-acquisition costs of approximately $0.6 million related to the in-process research and development projects and estimate that an additional investment of approximately $3.1 million will be required to complete the projects. We expect to complete the projects within the original estimated timeframe.
The development of these technologies remains a significant risk due to factors including the remaining efforts to achieve technical viability, rapidly changing customer markets, uncertain standards for new products, and competitive threats. The nature of the efforts to develop these technologies into commercially viable products consists primarily of planning, designing, experimenting, and testing activities necessary to determine that the technologies can meet market expectations, including functionality and technical requirements. Failure to bring these products to market in a timely manner could result in a loss of market share or a lost opportunity to capitalize on emerging markets and could have a material adverse impact on our business and operating results.
Results of Operations for Three-Month Periods Ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006
The following table sets forth the percentage relationship of certain items to the Companys revenue during the periods shown:
Revenue
Revenue and the year-over-year change were as follows:
Three Months Ended | Year-over - |
||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | April 1, 2007 |
April 2, 2006 |
|||||||
Systems revenue |
$ | 78,495 | $ | | 100 | % | |||
Components revenue |
63,852 | 41,958 | 52 | % | |||||
Total revenue |
$ | 142,347 | $ | 41,958 | 239 | % | |||
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We generate revenue from two business segments, as follows:
1. | Systems Segment This segment represents sales of engineering, procurement, construction and other services relating to solar electric power systems that integrate our solar panels and balance of systems components, as well as materials sourced from other manufactures. Systems segment revenues for the three months ended April 1, 2007 were $78.5 million, which accounted for 55% of our total revenue for the period. Systems revenues relate predominantly to our PowerLight subsidiary which was acquired on January 10, 2007. Accordingly, we had no systems revenue for the three months ended April 2, 2006. Our systems revenue will be largely dependent on the timing of revenue recognition on large construction projects and, accordingly, will fluctuate from period to period. Gross margin for the system segment was $16.1 million, or 20% of segment revenue, for the three months ended April 1, 2007. |
2. | Components Segment This segment primarily represents sales of our solar cells, solar panels and inverters to solar systems installers and other resellers. In addition, our components segment includes sales of imaging and infrared detectors to OEMs. Components segment revenues to unaffiliated customers and to the systems segment were $63.9 million and $11.4 million, respectively, for the three months ended April 1, 2007. After elimination of intersegment revenues to the systems segment, the components segment accounted for 45% of our total revenue the three months ended April 1, 2007 and 100% of our revenue for the three months ended April 2, 2006. Gross margin for the components segment was $16.4 million, or 26% of segment revenue, for the three months ended April 1, 2007 as compared to $5.7 million, or 14% of revenue, for the three months ended April 2, 2006. |
During the three-month period ended April 1, 2007, our revenue of approximately $142.3 million represented an increase of 239% from revenue reported in the comparable period of 2006. The marked increase in revenue during the three-month period ended April 1, 2007 compared to the same period of 2006 resulted from the combination of an increase in components revenue of approximately $21.9 million and the addition of $78.5 million in systems revenue resulting from the acquisition of PowerLight. The increase in components revenue is attributable to the continued increase in the demand for our solar cells and solar panels since we began commercial production in late 2004 and continued increases in unit production and unit shipments of both solar cells and solar panels as we have expanded our solar manufacturing capacity. During the first three quarters of 2006, we had three solar cell manufacturing lines in operation with an approximate annual production capacity of 75 megawatts. Since then, we added a fourth 33 megawatt line during the fourth quarter of 2006 and we expect to commence commercial production in our 5th, 6th, and 7th solar cell lines in the second half of 2007. Each of these lines is expected to have a rated solar cell production capacity of approximately 33 megawatts per year.
From 2005 through the first quarter of 2007, we have experienced a modest increase in average selling prices for our solar products primarily due to the strength of end-market demand. However, we expect average selling prices for our solar power products to decline over time as the market becomes more competitive, as new products are introduced and as manufacturers are able to lower their manufacturing costs and pass on some of the savings to their customers, similar to our experience historically in our imaging products.
We have three customers that each accounted for more than 10 percent of our total revenue in one or more of the three-month periods ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006, as follows:
(percentage of total revenue) | Three Months Ended | |||||||
Customer | Business Segment | April 1, 2007 | April 2, 2006 |
|||||
Conergy AG |
Components | 10 | % | 22 | % | |||
Solon AG |
Components | 12 | % | 28 | % | |||
Elecnor |
Systems | 19 | % | | % |
International sales represent the majority of revenue for both our systems and components business segments. International sales represented approximately 61% and 64% of our total revenue for the three months ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006, respectively, and we expect international sales to remain a significant portion of overall sales for the foreseeable future.
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Cost of Revenue
Our component segments cost of revenue consists primarily of silicon ingots and wafers for the production of solar cells, along with other materials such as chemicals and gases that are needed to transform silicon wafers into solar cells. Other factors contributing to cost of revenue include amortization of intangible assets, depreciation, salaries, personnel-related costs, facilities expenses and manufacturing supplies associated with solar cell fabrication. For our solar panels, our cost of revenue includes raw materials such as glass, frame, backing and other materials, as well as the assembly costs we pay to our third-party subcontractor in China. Additionally, we recently began production within our own solar panel assembly facility in the Philippines which will incur labor, depreciation, utilities and other occupancy costs. For our detector products, our cost of revenue includes the cost of silicon wafers, which is charged to us by our manufacturing contractor, Cypress, and our packaging and test costs. We expect cost of revenue to increase in absolute dollars as we bring on additional capacity and increase our product volume. We anticipate continued increases in our cost of polysilicon during the remainder of 2007 which will also contribute to higher cost of revenue. Despite the absolute increase in cost of revenue dollars, we expect our cost of revenue to fluctuate as a percentage of revenue depending on many factors such as capacity utilization, production yields and product sales mix.
On January 10, 2007, we acquired PowerLight Corporation for aggregate total purchase consideration of $334.4 million, which includes future stock-based compensation for some of PowerLights executives and employees. In connection with the acquisition there were $79.5 million of identifiable purchased intangible assets, of which $56.8 million will be amortized to cost of revenues on a straight-line basis over periods ranging from one to six years. These acquired assets include patents, technology, trade names and backlog.
On November 9, 2004, Cypress acquired us in a transaction that effectively gave Cypress 100% ownership of all of our then outstanding shares of capital stock but left our unexercised warrants and options outstanding. As a result of that transaction, we were required to record Cypress cost of acquiring us in our financial statements, including its equity investment and pro rata share of our losses by recording intangible assets, including purchased technology, patents, trademarks and a distribution agreement. The fair value for these intangibles is being amortized as a component of cost of revenue over two to six years on a straight-line basis. During each of the first quarters of 2007 and 2006, amortization of these intangible assets was $1.2 million.
Our gross profit each quarter is affected by a number of factors, including average selling prices for our products, our product mix, our actual manufacturing costs, the utilization rate of our wafer fabrication facility and changes in amortization of intangible assets. To date demand for our solar power products has been robust and our production output has increased allowing us to spread a significant amount of our fixed costs over relatively high production volume, thereby reducing our per unit fixed cost. We currently operate four solar cell manufacturing lines with total production capacity of 108 megawatts per year. We purchased a building in the Philippines that is expected to eventually house 10 solar cell production lines with a total factory output capacity of over 300 megawatts per year. As we build additional manufacturing lines or facilities, our fixed costs will increase, and the overall utilization rate of our wafer fabrication facilities could decline, which could negatively impact our gross profit. This decline may continue until a lines manufacturing output reaches its rated practical capacity.
From time to time, we enter into agreements whereby the selling price for certain of our solar power products is fixed over a defined period. An increase in our manufacturing costs, including raw polysilicon, silicon ingots and wafers, over such a defined period could have a negative impact on our overall gross profit. Our gross profit may also be impacted by fluctuations in manufacturing yield rates and certain adjustments for inventory reserves. We expect our gross profit to increase over time as we improve our manufacturing processes and as we grow our business and leverage certain of our fixed costs. An expected increase in gross profit based on manufacturing efficiencies, however, could be partially or completely offset by increased raw material costs or decreased revenue.
Our systems segment cost of revenue consists primarily of solar panels, mounting systems, inverters and subcontractor costs. Other factors contributing to cost of revenue include depreciation, salaries, personnel-related costs, royalties, and manufacturing supplies associated with contracting revenues. The cost of solar panels is the single largest cost element in our systems business cost of revenue. We expect our systems segment cost of revenue to fluctuate as a percentage of revenue depending on many factors such as the cost of solar panels, the cost of inverters, subcontractor costs, and other project related costs. Our systems segment cost of revenue will also fluctuate from period to period due to the mix of projects completed and recognized as revenue, in particular between large projects and large commercial installation projects that may or may not include solar panels. Our gross profit each quarter is affected by a number of factors, including the types of projects in process and their various stages of completion, the gross margins estimated for those projects in progress, and the actual system group department overhead costs. Generally, revenues from materials-only sales contracts and sales to large commercial installation projects generate higher gross profits for PowerLight than sales under construction contracts.
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Almost all of our system segment construction contracts are fixed price contracts. However, we have in several instances obtained change orders that reimburse us for additional unexpected costs due to various reasons. The systems segment also has long-term agreements for solar cell and panel purchases with several major solar panel manufacturers, some with liquidated damages and/or take or pay type arrangements. An increase in project costs, including solar panel, inverter and subcontractor costs, over the term of a construction contract could have a negative impact on our system business overall gross profit. Our systems segment gross profit may also be impacted by certain adjustments for inventory reserves. We are seeking to improve gross profit over time as we implement cost reduction efforts, improve manufacturing processes, and seek better and less expensive materials globally, and as we grow the business to attain economies of scale on fixed costs. Any increase in gross profit based on these items, however, could be partially or completely offset by increased raw material costs or our inability to increase revenues in line with expectations, and other competitive pressures on gross margin.
Cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue and the year-over-year change were as follows:
Three Months Ended | Year-over - Year Change |
||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | April 1, 2007 |
April 2, 2006 |
|||||||||
Cost of systems revenue |
$ | 62,443 | $ | | 100 | % | |||||
Cost of components revenue |
47,479 | 36,266 | 31 | % | |||||||
Total cost of revenue |
$ | 109,922 | $ | 36,266 | 203 | % | |||||
Total cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue |
77 | % | 86 | % | |||||||
Total gross margin percentage |
23 | % | 14 | % |
Detail to cost of revenue by segment is as follows:
Three Months Ended April 1, 2007 | Three Months Ended April 2, 2006 | ||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | Systems | Components | Systems | Components | |||||||||||
Amortization of purchased intangible assets |
$ | 4,946 | $ | 1,123 | $ | | 1,175 | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
2,034 | 335 | | 255 | |||||||||||
Inventory overhead |
(37 | ) | (82 | ) | | (62 | ) | ||||||||
Factory pre-operating costs |
| 1,216 | |||||||||||||
All other cost of revenue |
55,500 | 44,887 | | 34,898 | |||||||||||
Total cost of revenue |
$ | 62,443 | $ | 47,479 | $ | | $ | 36,266 | |||||||
Total cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue |
80 | % | 74 | % | | 86 | % | ||||||||
Total gross margin percentage |
20 | % | 26 | % | | 14 | % |
Overall, our cost of revenues during the three months ended April 1, 2007 were substantially higher than during the first quarter of 2006 primarily as a result of increased cost of revenues associated with operating more production lines and producing substantially higher unit volume in our components segment, as well as the inclusion of PowerLights cost of revenues for the period subsequent to January 10, 2007. As a percentage of revenue our cost of revenues has declined to 77% in the first quarter of 2007 compared with 87% in the first quarter of 2006. The decrease in cost of revenues as a percentage of revenue is reflective of improved manufacturing economies of scale associated with markedly higher production volume and improved yields. In the first quarter of 2007, our systems segment gross margin was substantially higher than we expect in future periods as a result of a favorable mix of business than is typical of this business. Overall, we believe this favorable mix of business improved our overall gross margin by approximately six percentage points above what we expected from our systems segment. In addition, during the three months ended April 1, 2007, we received a $2.7 million settlement from one of our suppliers in connection with defective materials sold to us during 2006. This settlement was reflected as a reduction to cost of revenues in the quarter ended April 1, 2007.
Our improvement in cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue during the first quarter of 2007 compared to the first quarter of 2006 was offset partially by a $5.7 million increase in amortization of intangible assets associated with our acquisition of PowerLight. Also during the three months ended April 1, 2007 our estimated warranty reserve provision rates were higher than during the same period in 2006, based on specific potential warranty exposures and increased warranty provision rates due to results of our testing that simulates adverse environmental conditions and potential failure rates our solar panels could experience during their 25-year warranty period. Warranty charges were $4.1 million and $0.2 million during the three month periods ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006, respectively. Additionally in the first quarter of 2007, we incurred pre-operating costs associated with our new solar cell manufacturing facility that is expected to begin initial production in the third quarter of 2007. Such pre-operating costs totaled $1.2 million and included compensation and training costs for factory workers and utilities and consumable materials associated with preproduction activities.
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Our gross margin is likely to fluctuate based on changes in the relative proportion of components versus systems segment revenues in a particular period. Our components segment gross margin will fluctuate in the future depending on unit demand, change in the average selling prices of our products, the mix of products and services that we sell, our actual manufacturing costs, our factory performance particularly with respect to volume and yields and changes in amortization of intangible assets. Our system segment, including our solar system engineering, procurement and construction contract cost of revenues is highly dependent on the market price of materials used in construction, particularly the cost of solar panels and steel. We may also be faced with inventory write-offs or write-downs depending on current or projected demand for our products.
Research and Development Expense
Three Months Ended | Year-over - Year Change |
||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | April 1, 2007 |
April 2, 2006 |
|||||||||
Research & development expense |
$ | 2,936 | $ | 1,996 | 47 | % | |||||
Purchased in-process research & development expense |
9,575 | | 100 | % | |||||||
Total research & development as a percentage of revenue |
9 | % | 5 | % |
During the three-month period ended April 1, 2007, our total research and development expenses was $12.5 million, which represents an increase of 527% from research and development expenses reported in the comparable period of 2006. The increase in research and development spending during the three-month period of 2007 compared to the same period of 2006 resulted primarily from increases in: (i) salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation costs as a result of increased headcount, including headcount additions attributable to the acquisition of PowerLight; (ii) stock-based compensation and amortization of intangibles related to the PowerLight acquisition; and (iii) additional material and equipment costs incurred for the development of our next generation of more efficient solar cells and thinner polysilicon wafers for solar cell manufacturing, as well as development of new processes to automate solar panel assembly operations. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in consulting service fees as well as by cost reimbursements received from various government entities in the U.S.
Research and development expense consists primarily of $9.6 million of purchased in-process research and development expense resulting from the acquisition of PowerLight as well as salaries and related personnel costs, depreciation and the cost of solar cells and solar panel materials and services used for the development of products, including experiment and testing. Payments received under governmental research and development cost sharing contracts are credited as an offset our research and development expense. Such billings totaled approximately $0.2 million for each of the three months ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006. Subject to final negotiations with the government agencies involved, our existing governmental contracts are expected to offset approximately $5.0 million to $8.0 million of our research and development expenses in each of 2007, 2008 and 2009.
We expect our research and development expense to increase in absolute dollars as we continue to develop new processes to further improve the conversion efficiency of our solar cells and reduce their manufacturing cost, and as we develop new products to diversify our product offerings. In addition, in the first quarter of 2007 SunPower and PowerLight were selected for an award, pending finalization of the award agreement, under the Department of Energys Solar America Initiative (SAI), for up to $10.5 million in the first budgeting period following negotiation of the agreement.
Sales, General and Administrative
Three Months Ended | Year-over - Year Change |
||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | April 1, 2007 |
April 2, 2006 |
|||||||||
Sales, general & administrative |
$ | 22,371 | $ | 4,381 | 411 | % | |||||
As a percentage of revenue |
16 | % | 10 | % |
During the three-month period ended April 1, 2007, our sales, general and administrative expenses were $22.4 million, which represents an increase of 411% from sales, general and administrative expenses reported in the comparable periods of 2006. The increase in our sales, general and administrative expenses in the three-month period of 2007 compared to the same period of 2006 is a result of both the acquisition and integration of PowerLight and higher spending to support the growth of our business, particularly increased headcount and payroll related costs, including stock-based compensation, in all areas of sales, marketing, finance and information technology, as well as increased outside professional fees for legal and accounting services. Also contributing to
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our increased selling, general and administrative expenses in the first quarter of 2007 compared to the first quarter of 2006 are substantial increases in headcount and sales and marketing spending to expand our value added reseller channel and global branding initiatives. As a percentage of revenue, sales, general and administrative expenses increased from 10% in the first three months of 2006 to 16% in the first three months of 2007 because these expenses increased at a substantially lower rate than the rate of growth in our revenues.
Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net
Three Months Ended | Year-over - Year Change |
||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | April 1, 2007 |
April 2, 2006 |
|||||||||
Interest income |
$ | 1,984 | $ | 1,173 | 69 | % | |||||
As a percentage of revenue |
1 | % | 3 | % | |||||||
Interest expense |
$ | 1,119 | $ | 339 | 230 | % | |||||
As a percentage of revenue |
1 | % | 1 | % | |||||||
Other income (expense), net |
$ | 274 | $ | 137 | 100 | % | |||||
As a percentage of revenue |
| % | | % |
During the three-month period ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006, respectively, our net interest income represents primarily interest income earned on our cash equivalents during the period. Interest expense relates to interest paid on a customer advance payments, convertible debt and existing notes payable. Other income and expense for all periods primarily represents gains and losses from foreign currency transactions.
Income Taxes
Three Months Ended | Year-over - Year Change | |||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | April 1, 2007 |
April 2, 2006 |
||||||||
Income tax provision (benefit) |
$ | (2,558 | ) | $ | 31 | n.a. | ||||
As a percentage of revenue |
(2 | %) | | % |
In the three-month period ended April 1, 2007, our income tax benefit was primarily attributable to foreign income taxes in jurisdictions where our operations are profitable for tax purposes, offset by a release of the valuation allowance against our deferred tax asset due to the effect of the acquisition of PowerLight. The Companys interim period tax provisions are estimated based on the expected annual worldwide tax rate and takes into account the tax effect of discrete items, including the acquisition of PowerLight. As described in Note 8, we will pay federal and state income taxes in accordance with the tax sharing agreement with Cypress. Since the completion of our follow-on public offering of common stock in June 2006, we are no longer considered to be a member of Cypress consolidated group for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, we will be required to pay Cypress for any federal income tax credit or net operating loss carryforwards utilized in our federal tax returns in subsequent periods.
For financial reporting purposes, income tax expense and deferred income tax balances were calculated as if we were a separate entity and had prepared our own separate tax return. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for temporary differences between financial statement and income tax bases of assets and liabilities. Valuation allowances are provided against net deferred tax assets when management cannot conclude that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of our net deferred tax assets will be realized. As of April 1, 2007, there was no valuation allowance as the Company was in a net deferred tax liability position. As of December 31, 2006, we had federal net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $50.6 million. These federal net operating loss carryforwards expire at various dates from 2011 through 2026, if not utilized. We had California state net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $4.8 million as of December 31, 2006.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
A summary of the sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents is as follows:
Three Months Ended | ||||||||
(In thousands) |
April 1, 2007 |
April 2, 2006 |
||||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
$ | (9,766 | ) | $ | (6,630 | ) | ||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(138,774 | ) | (20,254 | ) | ||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
192,406 | 410 | ||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 43,866 | $ | (26,474 | ) | |||
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From 2002 until the closing of our initial public offering of 8.8 million shares of class A common stock on November 22, 2005, we financed our operations primarily through sale of equity to and borrowings from Cypress totaling approximately $142.8 million. We received net proceeds from our IPO of approximately $145.6 million and in a follow-on offering of 7.0 million shares of common stock in June 2006 we received net proceeds of approximately $197.4 million. In February 2007, we raised $194.0 million net proceeds from the issuance of 1.25% senior convertible debentures. As of April 1, 2007, we had approximately $214.6 million in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash.
Net cash used in operating activities of $9.8 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007 was primarily the result of net income of $1.2 million, plus non-cash items included in net income, including depreciation of $5.7 million related to property and equipment, amortization of intangibles of $6.9 million, purchased in-process research and development of $9.6 million and stock-based compensation expense of $10.6 million, which included $7.1 million in amortization of deferred compensation charges related to the acquisition of PowerLight. Also contributing to cash used in operating activities were increases in costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings of $10.0 million; inventories of $22.2 million; deferred project costs of $6.2 million; advance payments to suppliers totaling $8.6 million; as well as decreases in advances from customers of $7.5 million and in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $6.0 million. These items were partially offset by an increase in accounts receivable of $9.0 million; and in prepaids and other assets of $4.0 million. The significant increases in substantially all of our current assets and current liabilities resulted from the acquisition of PowerLight, as well as our substantial revenue increase in the first three months of 2007 compared to previous quarters which impacted net income and working capital.
Net cash used in operating activities of $6.6 million for the three months ended April 2, 2006 was the result of the payment of 10.5 million Euro (approximately $12.4 million) advance to a supplier and an increase in accounts receivable of $6.5 million and an increase in inventories of $4.1 million, mainly due to increasing revenues. These items were mainly offset by an increase in accounts payable of $10.0 million resulting from the timing of payment of inventory and capital purchases, as well as net income of $255,000, plus non-cash items included in net income, including depreciation of $3.3 million related to property and equipment, amortization of intangibles of $1.1 million and stock-based compensation expense of $1.4 million, which was the effect of the adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) during the period.
Net cash used in investing activities of $138.8 million and $20.3 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006, respectively, primarily relate to capital expenditures of $56.2 million and $20.3 million incurred during the three months ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006, respectively. Capital expenditures in both periods were mainly associated with manufacturing capacity expansion in the Philippines. During the three months ended April 1, 2007, we received proceeds of $16.5 million resulting from the sale of auction rate securities which are classified as short-term investments on our consolidated balance sheet. Although the timing of our capital expansion plans may shift depending on many factors, we currently expect 2007 capital expenditures to be between approximately $170 million and $190 million, primarily related to continued expansion of our manufacturing capacity. During the three months ended April 1, 2007, we paid $98.6 million in cash for the acquisition of PowerLight, net of cash acquired.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended April 1, 2007 reflects $194.0 million in net proceeds from the issuance of $200.0 million in principal amount of 1.25% senior convertible debentures in February 2007. Interest on the Debentures will be payable on February 15 and August 15 of each year, commencing August 15, 2007. The Debentures will mature on February 15, 2027. Holders may require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Debentures on each of February 15, 2012, February 15, 2017 and February 15, 2022, or if we experience certain types of corporate transactions constituting a fundamental change. Any repurchase of the Debentures pursuant to these provisions will be for cash at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Debentures to be repurchased plus accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, we may redeem some or all of the Debentures on or after February 15, 2012 for cash at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Debentures to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. Also during the three months ended April 1, 2007, we paid $3.6 million on an outstanding line of credit and received $2.0 million in proceeds from stock option exercises.
Net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended April 2, 2006 primarily reflects proceeds from the exercise of stock options.
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In December 2005, we entered into a $25.0 million three-year revolving credit facility (the Facility) with affiliates of Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Lehman Brothers, Inc. The Facility is collateralized by substantially all of our assets, including the stock of our foreign subsidiaries. Borrowings under the Facility are conditioned upon customary conditions as well as: (1) with respect to the first $10.0 million drawn on the facility, maintenance of cash collateral to the extent of outstanding borrowings (excluding amounts borrowed); and (2) with respect to the remaining $15.0 million of the Facility, satisfaction of a coverage test which is based on the ratio of our cash flow to capital expenditures. The Facility contains customary covenants and defaults including limitations on dividends, incurrence of indebtedness and liens, and mergers and acquisitions. The Facility bears interest at a rate of the greater of the prime rate or federal funds rate for U.S. dollar draws, or the LIBOR plus 1% for Euro dollar draws on the first $10.0 million of borrowings and the greater of the prime rate plus 2% or federal funds rate plus 2% for U.S. dollar draws, or LIBOR plus 3% for Euro dollar draws on any borrowings over $10.0 million. The interest rate for Euro dollar borrowings would have been 6.4% on the first $10.0 million of borrowings and 8.4% on any borrowings over $10.0 million at April 1, 2007. The interest rate for U.S. dollar borrowings would have been 8.3% on the first $10.0 million of borrowings and 10.3% on any borrowings over $10.0 million at April 1, 2007. To date there have been no borrowings under the Facility.
On January 10, 2007, PowerLight amended and restated its loan agreement with a commercial bank. The amended and restated loan agreement provided for a $10 million trade finance credit facility, which was scheduled to expire on April 30, 2007. This facility allows PowerLight to issue commercial and standby letters of credit, but does not provide for any loans. All of the assets of PowerLight secure this trade finance facility. In addition, the agreement required that PowerLight maintain cash equal to the value of letter of credits outstanding in restricted accounts as collateral for letters of credit issued by the bank. On April 27, 2007, PowerLight entered into an amendment to the loan agreement to, among other things, extend the maturity date to July 31, 2007, and remove the requirement to have cash collateral for letters of credit. The Company guaranteed $10.5 million to the commercial bank in connection with the April 27, 2007 amendment for the $10 million trade credit facility, and a separate $0.5 million credit card facility through the commercial bank.
In conjunction with the acquisition of PowerLight, we entered into a commitment letter with Cypress during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006 under which Cypress agreed to lend us up to $130 million in cash in order to facilitate the financing of acquisitions or working capital requirements. In February 2007, the commitment letter was terminated. No borrowings were utilized and no borrowings were outstanding at the termination date.
We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and funds available from the Facility and the loan agreement will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure commitments for at least the next 12 months. However, if our financial results or operating plans change from our current assumptions, we may not have sufficient resources to support our business plan. If our capital resources are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity securities or debt securities or obtain other debt financing. The sale of additional equity securities or convertible debt securities would result in additional dilution to our stockholders. Additional debt would result in increased expenses and would require us to abide by covenants under the Facility or other debt agreements that would restrict our operations. Financing arrangements may not be available to us, or may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us.
We expect to experience growth in our operating expenses, including our research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative expenses, for the foreseeable future to execute our business strategy. We may also be required to purchase polysilicon in advance to secure our wafer supplies or purchase third-party solar modules and materials in advance to support systems projects. We intend to fund these activities with existing cash and cash equivalents, cash generated from operations and if necessary, borrowings under our $25.0 million revolving credit facility. These anticipated increases in operating expenses may not result in an increase in our revenue and our anticipated revenue may not be sufficient to support these increased expenditures. We anticipate that operating expenses, working capital and capital expenditures will constitute a significant use of our cash resources.
In January 2007, pursuant to the terms of the acquisition of PowerLight, all of the outstanding shares of PowerLight, and a portion of each vested option to purchase shares of PowerLight, were cancelled, and all of the outstanding options to purchase shares of PowerLight (other than the portion of each vested option that was cancelled) were assumed by the Company in exchange for aggregate consideration of: (i) approximately $120.7 million in cash plus (ii) a total of 5,708,723 shares of class A common stock, inclusive of: (a) 1,601,839 shares of class A common stock which may be issued upon the exercise of assumed vested and unvested PowerLight stock options, and (b) 1,675,881 shares of class A common stock issued to certain employees of the PowerLight business in connection with the acquisition, which shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions and a repurchase option of the Company, both of which lapse over a two-year period under the terms of equity restriction agreements with employees of the PowerLight business.
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The following summarizes our contractual obligations at April 1, 2007:
Payments Due by Period | |||||||||||||||
(In thousands) |
Total | 2007 9 months) |
2008 -2009 | 2010 -2011 | Beyond 2011 | ||||||||||
Obligation to Cypress |
$ | 5,791 | $ | 5,791 | $ | | $ | | $ | | |||||
Customer advances |
32,513 | 8,194 | 16,204 | 8,115 | | ||||||||||
Interest on customer advances |
3,738 | 1,608 | 1,879 | 251 | | ||||||||||
Convertible debt |
200,000 | | | | 200,000 | ||||||||||
Interest on convertible debt |
49,632 | 1,875 | 5,000 | 5,000 | 37,757 | ||||||||||
Lease commitments |
30,744 | 1,823 | 6,900 | 6,081 | 15,940 | ||||||||||
Non-cancelable purchase orders |
63,091 | 63,091 | | | | ||||||||||
Purchase commitments under agreements |
1,288,301 | 157,711 | 503,201 | 475,506 | 151,883 | ||||||||||
Total |
$ | 1,673,810 | $ | 240,093 | $ | 533,184 | $ | 494,953 | $ | 405,580 | |||||
Purchase commitments under agreements relate to arrangements entered into with suppliers of polysilicon, ingots, wafers, solar cells and solar modules. These agreements specify future quantities and pricing of products to be supplied by the vendors for periods up to 12 years and there are certain consequences, such as forfeiture of advanced deposits and penalty payments relating to previous purchases, in the event that we terminate the arrangements (see Note 13). Customer advances relate to advance payments received from customers for future purchases of solar power products. Non-cancelable purchase orders relate to purchase commitments for equipment and building improvements for the Companys manufacturing facilities. Lease commitments primarily relate to our 5-year lease agreement with Cypress for our headquarters in San Jose, California, a 15-year lease agreement with Cypress for our manufacturing facility in the Philippines, a 5-year lease agreement with an unaffiliated third party for a second facility in the Philippines and other leases for various office space including our office in Berkeley, California.
In December 2006, PowerLight entered into an eleven-year lease agreement for a 175,000 square foot facility in Richmond, California, for office, light industrial and research and development use. PowerLights move to the new facility is scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2007.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, and Related Implementation Issues (FIN 48). FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in a Companys financial statements in accordance with FASB 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure, and transition. We adopted FIN 48 in the first quarter of fiscal 2007 (see Note 11 of notes to condensed consolidated financial statements).
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS No. 157). SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value instruments. This statement does not require any new fair value measurements; rather, it applies under other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. The provisions of this statement are to be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which this statement is initially applied, with any transition adjustment recognized as a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 1007; therefore, we anticipate adopting this standard as of January 1, 2008. We have not determined the effect, if any, the adoption of this statement will have on our consolidated financial statements.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which provides companies an option to report selected financial assets and liabilities at fair value. SFAS no. 159 requires companies to provide information helping financial statement users to understand the effect of a companys choice to use fair value on its earnings, as well as to display the fair value of the assets and liabilities a company has chosen to use fair value for on the face of the balance sheet. Additionally, SFAS No. 159 establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to simplify comparisons between companies that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. The statement is effective as of the beginning of an entitys first fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. We have not determined the effect, if any, the adoption of this statement will have on our consolidated financial statements.
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Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk |
Interest Rate Risk
Our exposure to market risks for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our cash equivalents and short-term investment portfolio. As of April 1, 2007, our investment portfolio consisted of cash equivalents comprised of money market funds. Due to the short-term nature of our investment portfolio, we do not believe that an immediate 10% increase in interest rates would have a material effect on the fair market value of our portfolio. Since we believe we have the ability to liquidate this portfolio, we do not expect our operating results or cash flows to be materially affected to any significant degree by a sudden change in market interest rates on our investment portfolio.
Foreign Currency Exchange Risk
Our exposure to adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates is primarily related to sales to European customers that are denominated in Euros and procurement of certain capital equipment in Euros. During each of the three months ended April 1, 2007 and April 2, 2006, approximately 61% and 64%, respectively, of our total revenue was generated outside the United States. A hypothetical change of 10% in foreign currency exchange rates could impact our consolidated financial statements or results of operations by $16.0 million based on our outstanding forward contracts of $54.8 million and outstanding option contracts of $69.2 million as of April 1, 2007. We currently conduct hedging activities, which involve the use of currency forward contracts. We cannot predict the impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on our business and operating results. In the past, we have experienced an adverse impact on our revenue and profitability as a result of foreign currency fluctuations. We believe that we may have increased risk associated with currency fluctuations in the future.
Our PowerLight subsidiary, acquired on January 10, 2007, also has substantial purchases and sales denominated in Euros and is, therefore, subject to similar foreign currency exchange risk as our historical business.
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures, as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Our disclosure controls are designed to meet, and management believes they met, reasonable assurance standards. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.
Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, subject to the limitations noted above, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that material information relating to us, including our consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was being prepared.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified in connection with the evaluation described above that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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ITEM 1A: | RISK FACTORS |
We are operating in a market environment that involves significant risks, many of which are beyond our control. The following risk factors may adversely impact our results of operations, cash flows and the market price of our stock. Although we believe that we have identified and discussed below the key risk factors affecting our business, there may be additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known or that are not currently believed to be significant that may adversely affect our performance or financial condition.
Risks Related to Our Recent Merger with PowerLight
Although we expect the Merger to be beneficial for us, such benefits may not be realized because of integration difficulties or other challenges.
On January 10, 2007, we completed our previously announced merger, or the Merger, with PowerLight Corporation. PowerLight has global operations that will need to be integrated successfully in order for us to realize the benefits anticipated from the Merger. Realizing these benefits will require the meshing of technology, operations and personnel of SunPower and PowerLight into a single organization. We expect the integration to be a complex, time-consuming and expensive process that, even with proper planning and implementation, could cause significant disruption. The challenges that we may face include, but are not limited to, the following:
| consolidating operations, including rationalizing corporate information technology and administrative infrastructures; |
| our management gaining sufficient experience with technologies and markets in which the PowerLight business is involved, which may be necessary to successfully operate and integrate the business; |
| coordinating sales and marketing efforts between the two companies: |
| overcoming any perceived adverse changes in business focus or model; |
| realizing synergies necessary to meet our long-term margin targets, given PowerLights historical margins; |
| coordinating and harmonizing research and development activities to accelerate introduction of new products and technologies with reduced cost; |
| preserving customer, supplier, distribution and other important relationships of SunPower and PowerLight and resolving any potential conflicts that may arise; |
| retaining key employees and maintaining employee morale; |
| addressing differences in the business cultures of SunPower and PowerLight; |
| coordinating and combining operations, relationships and facilities outside of the United States, which may be subject to additional constraints imposed by geographic distance, local laws and regulations; and |
| creating a consolidated internal control over financial reporting structure so that we and our independent auditors can report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting. |
We may not be able to successfully integrate the operations of PowerLight in a timely manner, or at all. In addition, we may not realize the anticipated benefits and synergies of the Merger to the extent or when anticipated. Even if the integration of SunPowers and PowerLights operations, products and personnel is successful, it may place a significant burden on our management resources. The diversion of managements attention and any difficulties encountered in the transition and integration process could harm our business, financial condition and operating results.
The Merger could cause certain solar cell and panel suppliers to reduce or terminate their business relationship with our PowerLight business, which could adversely affect the ability of our PowerLight business to meet customer demand for its solar power systems and materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
As a result of the Merger, we now directly compete with certain suppliers of solar cells and panels to our PowerLight business. As a result, the Merger could cause one or more solar cell and panel suppliers to reduce or terminate their business relationship with our PowerLight business. After the Merger closed, we discontinued our purchasing relationship with one supplier, which was supplying panels to PowerLight under a purchase order relationship. This supplier will not supply solar panels to PowerLight beyond the first quarter of 2007. Other reductions or terminations, which may be significant, could occur. Any such reductions or terminations could adversely affect the ability of our PowerLight business to meet customer demand for its solar power systems, and materially adversely affect its results of operations and financial condition, which would likely materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
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We will use commercially reasonable efforts to replace any lost solar cells or panels with our own inventory to mitigate the impact on the PowerLight business. However, such replacements may not be sufficient to fully address solar supply shortfalls experienced by our PowerLight business, and in any event could negatively impact our revenue and earnings as it forgoes selling such inventory to third parties.
The Merger could cause our customers to reduce or terminate their business relationship with us, which could adversely affect our ability to distribute our products and materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
PowerLight directly competes, as a distributor of solar panels and systems, with many of our customers. For instance, both Conergy AG and Solon AG, two of our largest customers, actively compete with our PowerLight business in the large-scale solar power plant market. The Merger could cause these customers to be concerned that we will reduce our level of business with them and perform a significant portion of our integration activities through our PowerLight business, thereby competing with certain of our customers. As a result, customers might reduce or terminate their business relationships with us, making it more difficult for us to sell our products and expand our business. Any such outcome could have a material adverse effect on our revenue and earnings.
We may be harmed by liabilities arising out of our acquisition of PowerLight and the indemnity the selling stockholders have agreed to provide may be insufficient to compensate us for these damages.
PowerLights former stockholders made representations and warranties to us in the Merger agreement, including those relating to the accuracy of its financial statements, the absence of litigation and environmental matters and the consents needed to transfer permits, licenses and third-party contracts in connection with our acquisition of PowerLight. To the extent that we are harmed by a breach of these representations and warranties, PowerLights former stockholders have agreed to indemnify us for monetary damages from an escrowed proceeds account. In most cases we are required to absorb approximately the first $2.4 million before we are entitled to indemnification. The escrowed proceeds account is limited to $20.2 million in cash and 824,000 shares of our class A common stock, of which approximately one-half of the original escrow will be released (less any pending claims) at the first anniversary of the closing date. Our rights to recover damages under several provisions of the Merger agreement will also expire on the first anniversary of the closing date. After the first anniversary of the closing date we will be entitled to recover only limited types of losses, and our recovery will be limited to the amount available in the escrow fund at the time of a claim. The amount available in the escrow fund will be progressively reduced to zero over the period from the first to the fifth anniversaries of the closing date. We may incur liabilities from this acquisition which are not covered by the representations and warranties set forth in the agreement or which are non-monetary in nature. Consequently, our acquisition of PowerLight may expose us to liabilities for which we are not entitled to indemnification or our indemnification rights are insufficient.
We expect to continue to incur significant costs in connection with the Merger.
Our direct transaction costs totaled approximately $3.0 million in connection with the Merger, which will be capitalized as purchase price. We believe that we will also incur charges to operations during 2007 to reflect the costs of integrating the two companies, but cannot reasonably estimate those costs at this time. There can be no assurance that we will not incur additional material charges in subsequent quarters to reflect additional costs associated with the Merger.
Charges to earnings resulting from the application of the purchase method of accounting to the Merger may adversely affect the market value of our class A common stock.
In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or U.S. GAAP, we accounted for the Merger using the purchase method of accounting. Further, a portion of the purchase price paid in the Merger has been allocated to in-process research and development. Under the purchase method of accounting, we allocated the total purchase price to PowerLights net tangible assets and intangible assets based on their fair values as of the date of completion of the Merger and recorded the excess of the purchase price over those fair values as goodwill. We will incur amortization expense over the useful lives of amortizable intangible assets acquired in connection with the Merger. In addition, to the extent the value of goodwill and long lived assets becomes impaired, we may be required to incur material charges relating to the impairment of those assets. Further, we may be impacted by nonrecurring charges related to reduced gross profit margins from the requirement to adjust PowerLights inventory to fair value. Finally, we will incur ongoing compensation charges associated with assumed options, equity held by employees of PowerLight and subjected to equity restriction agreements, and restricted stock granted to employees of our PowerLight business. We estimate that these charges will aggregate approximately $78.2 million, majority of which will be recognized in the first two years and lesser amounts in the succeeding two years. Any of the foregoing charges could have a material impact on our results of operations.
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Risks Related to Our Business
SunPower and PowerLight share several risk factors common to both businesses. The following provides an integrated discussion of risk factors for SunPower and PowerLight. Where appropriate, the title heading to the risk factor indicates the business to which the risk relates.
The solar power industry is currently experiencing an industry-wide shortage of polysilicon. The prices that we pay for polysilicon have increased over the last several quarters and we expect prices to remain at or above current levels for the foreseeable future, which may constrain the revenue growth and decrease gross margins and profitability for both SunPower and PowerLight.
Polysilicon is an essential raw material in our production of photovoltaic, or solar, cells and also in the solar cells and modules used by our PowerLight business to produce solar power systems. Polysilicon is created by refining quartz or sand. Polysilicon is melted and grown into crystalline ingots by companies specializing in ingot growth. We procure silicon ingots from these suppliers on a contractual basis and then slice these ingots into wafers. We also purchase wafers and polysilicon from third-party vendors. The ingots are sliced and the wafers are processed into solar cells in our Philippines manufacturing facility.
There is currently an industry-wide shortage of polysilicon, which has resulted in significant price increases. We expect that the average price of polysilicon will continue to increase. Increases in polysilicon prices have in the past increased our manufacturing costs and may impact our manufacturing costs and net income in the future. As demand for solar cells has increased, many of our principal competitors have announced plans to add additional manufacturing capacity. As this manufacturing capacity becomes operational, it will increase the demand for polysilicon and further exacerbate the current shortage. Polysilicon is also used in the semiconductor industry generally and any increase in demand from that sector will compound the shortage. The production of polysilicon is capital intensive and adding additional capacity requires significant lead time. While we are aware that several new facilities for the manufacture of polysilicon are under construction, we do not believe that the supply imbalance will be remedied in the near term. We expect that polysilicon demand will continue to outstrip supply throughout 2007 and potentially for a longer period.
Although we have contracted with vendors for what we believe will be an adequate supply of silicon ingots through 2007, our estimates regarding our supply needs may not be correct and our purchase orders and contracts may be cancelled by our suppliers. The volume and pricing associated with these purchase orders and contracts may be changed by our suppliers based on market conditions. Our purchase orders are generally non-binding in nature. If our suppliers were to cancel our purchase orders or change the volume or pricing associated with these purchase orders and/or contracts, we may be unable to meet customer demand for our products, which could cause us to lose customers, market share and revenue. This would have a material negative impact on our business and operating results. If our manufacturing yields decrease significantly, we add manufacturing capacity faster than currently planned or our suppliers cancel or fail to deliver, we may not have made adequate provision for our polysilicon needs for the balance of the year. In addition, we currently purchase polysilicon and make advances to suppliers to secure future polysilicon supply, which adversely affects our liquidity. These advances may in the future take the form of equity issuances, which would result in additional dilution to our stockholders.
In addition, since some of our silicon ingot and wafer arrangements are with suppliers who do not themselves manufacture polysilicon but instead purchase their requirements from other vendors, these suppliers may not be able to obtain sufficient polysilicon to satisfy their contractual obligations to us.
There are a limited number of polysilicon suppliers. Many of our competitors also purchase polysilicon from our suppliers. Since we have only been purchasing polysilicon in bulk for slightly more than one year, which is a shorter period than our competitors, these other competitors have longer and perhaps stronger relationships with our suppliers than we do. Many of them also have greater buying power than we do. Some of our competitors also have inter-locking board members with their polysilicon suppliers or have entered into joint ventures with their suppliers. Additionally, a substantial amount of our future polysilicon requirements are expected to be sourced by new suppliers that have not yet proven their ability to manufacture large volumes of polysilicon. In some cases we expect that new entrants will provide us with polysilicon and ingots. The failure of these new entrants to produce adequate supplies of polysilicon and/or ingots in the quantities and quality we require could adversely affect our ability to grow production volumes and revenues and could also result in a decline in our gross profit margin. Since we have committed to significantly increase our manufacturing output, an inadequate supply of polysilicon would harm us more than it would harm many of our competitors.
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The inability to obtain sufficient polysilicon, ingots or wafers at commercially reasonable prices or at all would adversely affect our ability to meet existing and future customer demand for our products and could cause us to make fewer shipments, lose customers and market share and generate lower than anticipated revenue, thereby seriously harming our business, financial condition and results of operations.
A limited number of components customers of SunPower are expected to continue to comprise a significant portion of our revenues and any decrease in revenue from these customers could have an adverse effect on us.
Even though our customer base is expected to increase and our revenue streams to diversify as a result of the Merger, a substantial portion of our net revenues will likely continue to depend on sales to a limited number of customers. During the first fiscal quarter of 2007, sales to our top two customers accounted for 22% of our revenues. Currently, our largest customers for our solar power products are Conergy AG, or Conergy and Solon AG, or Solon. Conergy accounted for approximately 10% of our revenue for the first quarter of 2007. Solon accounted for approximately 12% of our revenue for the first quarter of 2007. The loss of sales to either of these customers would have a significant negative impact on our business. Our agreements with these customers may be cancelled if we fail to meet certain product specifications or materially breach the agreement or in the event of bankruptcy, and our customers may seek to renegotiate the terms of current agreements or renewals. Most of the solar panels we sell to the European market are sold through our agreement with Conergy, and we may enter into similar agreements in the future.
We currently sell to a relatively small number of customers, and we expect our operating results will likely continue to depend on sales to a relatively small number of customers for the foreseeable future, as well as the ability of these customers to sell solar power products that incorporate our solar cells. We cannot be certain that these customers will generate significant revenue for us in the future or if these customer relationships will continue to develop. If our relationships with our other customers do not continue to develop, we may not be able to expand our customer base or maintain or increase our revenue. This is exacerbated by our current manufacturing constraints for solar cells which limit our ability to sell to other customers and our contractual arrangements which require us to sell part of our future output to Conergy and Solon. In addition, our business is affected by competition in the market for the end products that each of Conergy and Solon sell, and any decline in their business could harm our business and cause our revenue to decline.
SunPower and PowerLights operating results will be subject to fluctuations and are inherently unpredictable; if we fail to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors, our stock price may decline significantly.
Our quarterly revenue and operating results will be difficult to predict and SunPowers and PowerLights results have in the past fluctuated from quarter to quarter. It is possible that our operating results in some quarters will be below market expectations. Our quarterly operating results will be affected by a number of factors, including:
| the average selling price of SunPowers solar cells and panels and imaging detectors and our PowerLight business solar power systems; |
| the availability and pricing of raw materials, particularly polysilicon; |
| the availability, pricing and timeliness of delivery of raw materials and components, particularly solar panels and balance of systems components, including steel, necessary for our PowerLight business solar power systems to function; |
| the rate and cost at which we are able to expand our manufacturing and product assembly capacity to meet customer demand, including costs and timing of adding personnel; |
| the amount, timing, and mix of sales of our PowerLight business systems, especially medium and large-scale projects, which may individually cause severe fluctuations in our revenue; |
| our ability to meet project completion schedules and the corresponding revenue impact under the percentage-of-completion method of recognizing revenue for projects of our PowerLight business; |
| construction cost overruns, including those associated with the introduction of new products; |
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| the impact of seasonal variations in demand and/or revenue recognition linked to construction cycles and weather conditions; |
| timing, availability and changes in government incentive programs; |
| unplanned additional expenses such as manufacturing failures, defects or downtime; |
| acquisition and investment related costs; |
| unpredictable volume and timing of customer orders, some of which are not fixed by contract but vary on a purchase order basis; |
| the loss of one or more key customers or the significant reduction or postponement of orders from these customers; |
| geopolitical turmoil within any of the countries in which we operate or sell products; |
| foreign currency fluctuations, particularly in the Euro, Philippine peso or South Korean won; |
| the effect of currency hedging activities; |
| our ability to establish and expand customer relationships; |
| changes in our manufacturing costs; |
| changes in the relative sales mix of our systems, solar cells, solar panels and imaging detectors; |
| the availability, pricing and timeliness of delivery of other products, such as inverters and other balance of systems materials necessary for our solar power products to function; |
| our ability to successfully develop, introduce and sell new or enhanced solar power products in a timely manner, and the amount and timing of related research and development costs; |
| the timing of new product or technology announcements or introductions by our competitors and other developments in the competitive environment; |
| the willingness of competing solar cell and panel suppliers to continue product sales to our PowerLight business; |
| increases or decreases in electric rates due to changes in fossil fuel prices or other factors; and |
| shipping delays. |
We will base our planned operating expenses in part on our expectations of future revenue, and a significant portion of our expenses will be relatively fixed in the short term. If revenue for a particular quarter is lower than we expect, we likely will be unable to proportionately reduce our operating expenses for that quarter, which would harm our operating results for that quarter. This may cause us to miss analysts guidance or any future guidance announced by us. If we fail to meet or exceed analyst or investor expectations or our own future guidance, even by a small amount, our stock price could decline, perhaps substantially.
SunPower has four solar cell production lines which are located in our manufacturing facilities in the Philippines, and if we experience interruptions in the operation of these production lines or are unable to add additional production lines, it would likely result in lower revenue and earnings than anticipated.
SunPower currently operates four solar cell manufacturing lines which are located at our manufacturing facilities in the Philippines. If our current or future production lines were to experience any problems or downtime, including those caused by intermittent electricity supply at our Philippines facilities, we would be unable to meet our production targets and our business would suffer. If any piece of equipment were to break down or experience downtime, it could cause our production lines to go down. We have recently acquired a second solar cell manufacturing facility nearby our existing facility in the Philippines. This expansion has required and will continue to require significant management attention, a significant investment of capital and substantial engineering expenditures and is subject to significant risks including:
| we may experience cost overruns, delays, equipment problems and other operating difficulties; |
| we may experience difficulties expanding our processes to larger production capacity; |
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| our custom-built equipment may take longer and cost more to engineer than planned and may never operate as designed; and |
| we are incorporating first-time equipment designs and technology improvements, which we expect to lower unit capital and operating costs, but this new technology may not be successful. |
If we experience any of these or similar difficulties, we may be unable to complete the addition of new production lines on schedule in order to expand our manufacturing facilities and our manufacturing capacity could be substantially constrained. If this were to occur, our per-unit manufacturing costs would increase, we would be unable to increase sales as planned and our earnings would likely be materially impaired.
SunPower has recently established a captive solar panel assembly factory, and, if this panel manufacturing factory is unable to produce high quality solar panels at commercially reasonable costs, our revenue growth and gross margin could be adversely affected.
SunPower has constructed a new 30 megawatt automated solar panel assembly factory in the Philippines. This factory commenced commercial production during the fourth quarter of 2006. Much of the manufacturing equipment and technology in this factory is new and unproven in volume production of solar panels. In the event that this factory is unable to ramp production with commercially reasonable yields and competitive production costs, our anticipated revenue growth and gross margin will be adversely affected.
If SunPower does not achieve satisfactory yields or quality in manufacturing our solar cells, our sales could decrease and our relationships with our customers and our reputation may be harmed.
The manufacture of solar cells is a highly complex process. Minor deviations in the manufacturing process can cause substantial decreases in yield and in some cases, cause production to be suspended or yield no output. SunPower has from time to time experienced lower than anticipated manufacturing yields. This often occurs during the production of new products or the installation and start-up of new process technologies or equipment. For example, we recently acquired a building to house our second solar cell manufacturing facility near our existing facility. As we expand our manufacturing capacity and bring additional lines or facilities into production, we may experience lower yields initially as is typical with any new equipment or process. We also expect to experience lower yields as we continue the initial migration of our manufacturing processes to thinner wafers. If we do not achieve planned yields, our product costs could increase, and product availability would decrease resulting in lower revenues than expected.
Existing regulations and policies and changes to these regulations and policies may present technical, regulatory and economic barriers to the purchase and use of solar power products, which may significantly reduce demand for SunPower and PowerLights products.
The market for electricity generation products is heavily influenced by foreign, U.S. federal, state and local government regulations and policies concerning the electric utility industry, as well as policies promulgated by electric utilities. These regulations and policies often relate to electricity pricing and technical interconnection of customer-owned electricity generation. In the U.S. and in a number of other countries, these regulations and policies are being modified and may continue to be modified. Customer purchases of, or further investment in the research and development of, alternative energy sources, including solar power technology, could be deterred by these regulations and policies, which could result in a significant reduction in the potential demand for the solar power products of SunPower and PowerLight. For example, without a regulatory mandated exception for solar power systems, utility customers are often charged interconnection or standby fees for putting distributed power generation on the electric utility network. These fees could increase the cost to our customers of using our solar power products and make them less desirable, thereby harming our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.
We anticipate that our solar power products and their installation will be subject to oversight and regulation in accordance with national and local ordinances relating to building codes, safety, environmental protection, utility interconnection and metering and related matters. It is difficult to track the requirements of individual states and design equipment to comply with the varying standards. Any new government regulations or utility policies pertaining to our solar power products may result in significant additional expenses to us and our resellers and their customers and, as a result, could cause a significant reduction in demand for our solar power products.
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The reduction or elimination of government and economic incentives could cause revenue to decline for both SunPower and PowerLight.
We believe that the near-term growth of the market for on-grid applications, where solar power is used to supplement a customers electricity purchased from the utility network or sold to a utility under tariff, depends in large part on the availability and size of government and economic incentives. Because a majority of sales for SunPower and PowerLight are in the on-grid market, the reduction or elimination of government and economic incentives may adversely affect the growth of this market or result in increased price competition, both of which could cause our revenue to decline.
Today, the cost of solar power exceeds retail electric rates in many locations. As a result, federal, state and local government bodies in many countries, most notably Germany, Japan, Spain, Italy, Portugal, South Korea and the United States, have provided incentives in the form of feed-in tariffs, rebates, tax credits and other incentives to end users, distributors, system integrators and manufacturers of solar power products to promote the use of solar energy in on-grid applications and to reduce dependency on other forms of energy. These government economic incentives could be reduced or eliminated altogether. For example, Germany has been a strong supporter of solar power products and systems and political changes in Germany could result in significant reductions or eliminations of incentives, including the reduction of feed-in tariffs more rapidly than required by current law. Some solar program incentives expire, decline over time, are limited in total funding or require renewal of authority. Net metering and other operational policies in California, Japan or other markets could limit the amount of solar power installed there. Reductions in, or eliminations or expirations of, governmental incentives could result in decreased demand for and lower revenue from our products. Changes in the level or structure of a renewable portfolio standard could also result in decreased demand for and lower revenue from our products.
Changes in tax laws or fiscal policies may decrease the return on investment for customers of our PowerLight business, and for certain investors in its projects, which could decrease demand for its products and services and harm its business.
In the three months ended April 1, 2007, substantially all of PowerLights revenues were derived from sales of solar power systems to companies formed to develop and operate solar power generation facilities. Such companies have been formed by third party investors with some frequency in the United States, Germany, Spain, South Korea and Portugal, as these investors seek to benefit from government mandated feed-in tariffs and similar legislation. PowerLights business depends in part on the continuing formation of such companies and the potential revenue source they represent. In deciding whether to form and invest in such companies, potential investors weigh a variety of considerations, including their projected return on investment. Such projections are based on current and proposed federal, state and local laws, particularly tax legislation. Changes to these laws, including amendments to existing tax laws or the introduction of new tax laws, tax court rulings as well as changes in administrative guidelines, ordinances and similar rules and regulations could result in different tax assessments and may adversely affect an investors projected return on investment, which could have a material adverse effect on our PowerLight business and results of operations.
Problems with product quality or product performance, including defects, in our solar cells could result in a decrease in customers and revenue, unexpected expenses and loss of market share for SunPower and PowerLight.
SunPowers solar cells are complex and must meet stringent quality requirements. Products as complex as ours may contain undetected errors or defects, especially when first introduced. For example, our solar cells and solar panels may contain defects that are not detected until after they are shipped or are installed because we cannot test for all possible scenarios. These defects could cause us to incur significant re-engineering costs, divert the attention of our engineering personnel from product development efforts and significantly affect our customer relations and business reputation. If we deliver solar cells or solar panels with errors or defects, or if there is a perception that our solar cells or solar panels contain errors or defects, our credibility and the market acceptance and sales of our solar power products could be harmed. Similarly, if PowerLight delivers solar cells or panels with errors or defects, including cells or panels of third party manufacturers, or if there is a perception that such solar cells or solar panels contain errors or defects, PowerLights credibility and the market acceptance and sales of its solar power systems could be harmed.
The possibility of future product failures could cause us to incur substantial expense to repair or replace defective products. Furthermore, widespread product failures may damage our market reputation and reduce our market share and cause sales to decline. We have agreed to indemnify our customers and our distributors in some circumstances against liability from defects in our solar cells. A successful indemnification claim against us could require us to make significant damage payments, which would negatively affect our financial results.
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Since SunPower cannot test our solar panels for the duration of our standard 25-year warranty period, we may be subject to unexpected warranty expense; if SunPower or PowerLight is subject to warranty and product liability claims, such claims could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
SunPowers current standard product warranty for our solar panels includes a 10-year warranty period for defects in materials and workmanship and a 25-year warranty period for declines in power performance as well as a one-year warranty on the functionality of our solar cells. We believe our warranty periods are consistent with industry practice. Due to the long warranty period and our proprietary technology, we bear the risk of extensive warranty claims long after we have shipped product and recognized revenue. SunPower has sold solar cells only since late 2004. Any increase in the defect rate of our products would cause us to increase the amount of warranty reserves and have a corresponding negative impact on our results. Although we conduct accelerated testing of our solar cells and have several years of experience with our all back contact cell architecture, our solar panels have not and cannot be tested in an environment simulating the 25-year warranty period. As a result of the foregoing, we may be subject to unexpected warranty expense, which in turn would harm our financial results.
Like other retailers, distributors and manufacturers of products that are used by consumers, we face an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims in the event that the use of the solar power products into which our solar cells and solar panels are incorporated results in injury. Our PowerLight business may be subject to warranty and product liability claims in the event that its solar power systems fail to perform as expected or if a failure of its solar power systems results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury, property damage or other damages. Since our solar power products are electricity producing devices, it is possible that our products could result in injury, whether by product malfunctions, defects, improper installation or other causes. In addition, since we only began selling our solar cells and solar panels in late 2004 and the products we are developing incorporate new technologies and use new installation methods, we cannot predict whether or not product liability claims will be brought against us in the future or the effect of any resulting negative publicity on our business. Moreover, we may not have adequate resources in the event of a successful claim against us. We have evaluated the potential risks we face and believe that we have appropriate levels of insurance for product liability claims. We rely on our general liability insurance to cover product liability claims and have not obtained separate product liability insurance. However, a successful warranty or product liability claim against us that is not covered by insurance or is in excess of our available insurance limits could require us to make significant payments of damages. In addition, quality issues can have various other ramifications, including delays in the recognition of revenue, loss of revenue, loss of future sales opportunities, increased costs associated with repairing or replacing products, and a negative impact on our goodwill and reputation, which could also adversely affect our business and operating results. Our PowerLight business exposure to warranty and product liability claims is expected to increase significantly in connection with its planned expansion into the new home development market.
Warranty and product liability claims may result from defects or quality issues in certain third party technology and components that our PowerLight business incorporates into its solar power systems, particularly solar cells and panels, over which it has no control. While its agreements with its suppliers generally include warranties, such provisions may not fully compensate us for any loss associated with third-party claims caused by defects or quality issues in such products. In the event we seek recourse through warranties, we will also be dependent on the creditworthiness and continued existence of the suppliers to our PowerLight business.
Our PowerLight business current standard warranty differs by geography and end-customer application and includes either a one, two or five year comprehensive parts and workmanship warranty, after which the customer may typically extend the period covered by its warranty for an additional fee. Due to the warranty period, our PowerLight business bears the risk of extensive warranty claims long after it has completed a project and recognized revenues. Future product failures could cause our PowerLight business to incur substantial expenses to repair or replace defective products. While our PowerLight business generally passes through manufacturer warranties it receives from its suppliers to its customers, it is responsible for repairing or replacing any defective parts during its warranty period, often including those covered by manufacturers warranties. If the manufacturer disputes or otherwise fails to honor its warranty obligations, our PowerLight business may be required to incur substantial costs before it is compensated, if at all, by the manufacturer. Furthermore, the PowerLight business warranties may exceed the period of any warranties from the PowerLight business suppliers covering components included in its systems, such as inverters.
In February 2004, one of PowerLights major panel suppliers at the time, AstroPower, Inc., filed for bankruptcy. PowerLight had installed systems incorporating over 30,000 AstroPower panels, and approximately 27,000 of these panels incorporated into systems that are still under warranty by it. The majority of these warranties expire by 2008, and all expire by 2010. While PowerLight has not experienced a significant number of warranty or other claims related to installed AstroPower panels, it may in the future incur significant unreimbursable expenses in connection with the repair or replacement of these panels, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, another major supplier of solar panels notified PowerLight of a product defect that may affect a substantial number of panels installed by PowerLight during the period 2002 through September 2006. If the supplier does not perform its contractual obligations to remediate the defective panels, we will be exposed to those costs it would incur under the warranty with PowerLights customers.
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SunPower incurred losses from inception through 2005 and SunPower and PowerLight may not be able to generate sufficient revenue in the future to achieve or sustain profitability.
SunPower incurred net losses from inception through 2005 and at April 1, 2007, we had an accumulated deficit of approximately $30.8 million. To maintain our profitability, SunPower and PowerLight will need to generate and sustain higher revenue while maintaining reasonable cost and expense levels. We do not know if our revenue will grow, or if it will grow sufficiently to outpace our expenses, which we expect to increase as we expand our manufacturing capacity. We may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or an annual basis. If we do not sustain profitability or otherwise meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors, the market price of our common stock will likely decline.
SunPower and PowerLight will continue to be dependent on a limited number of third-party suppliers for key components for our products, which could prevent us from delivering our products to our customers within required timeframes, which could result in installation delays, cancellations, liquidated damages and loss of market share.
In addition to our reliance on a small number of suppliers for its solar cells and panels, PowerLight relies on third-party suppliers for key components for its solar power systems, such as inverters that convert the direct current electricity generated by solar panels into alternating current electricity usable by the customer. For the quarter ended April 1, 2007, one supplier accounted for most of PowerLights inverter purchases for domestic projects, two suppliers accounted for most of its inverter purchases for European projects and one supplier accounted for all of the inverter purchases for its Asia projects. In addition, one vendor supplies all of the foam required to manufacture PowerLights PowerGuard ® roof system.
If SunPower or PowerLight fail to develop or maintain our relationships with our limited suppliers, we may be unable to manufacture our products or our products may be available only at a higher cost or after a long delay, which could prevent us from delivering our products to our customers within required timeframes and we may experience order cancellation and loss of market share. To the extent the processes that our suppliers use to manufacture components are proprietary, we may be unable to obtain comparable components from alternative suppliers. The failure of a supplier to supply components in a timely manner, or to supply components that meet our quality, quantity and cost requirements, could impair our ability to manufacture our products or decrease their costs. If we cannot obtain substitute materials on a timely basis or on acceptable terms, we could be prevented from delivering our products to our customers within required timeframes, which could result in installation delays, cancellations, liquidated damages and loss of market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Any firm commitment supply agreements with solar panel manufacturers could result in insufficient or excess inventory in the PowerLight business.
PowerLight recently attempted to address the solar cell and panel shortage by negotiating certain multi-year contractual commitments from suppliers. Under such agreements, it is generally required to purchase a specified number of solar cells or panels at fixed prices. Our PowerLight business failure to satisfy its purchase obligations may result in substantial liquidated or other damages that we will be required to pay these suppliers. PowerLight did not obtain, and we do not intend to obtain, contracts or commitments from customers for products incorporating solar panels prior to the negotiation of such firm commitment contracts. Instead, PowerLight relies on its long-term internal forecasts to determine the timing of its production schedules and the volume and mix of its products to be manufactured, including the estimated number of solar panels needed. The level and timing of orders placed by customers may vary for many reasons. As a result, at any particular time, we may have insufficient or excess inventory, and incur liquidated or other damages with suppliers to our PowerLight business for failure to satisfy its purchase obligations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. In addition, if we enter into long-term solar panel purchase commitments, due to the rapid pace of technological advancements in the solar power industry, we increase our risk of obsolescence of products that we have agreed to purchase over extended periods.
Acquisitions of other companies or investments in joint ventures with other companies could adversely affect our operating results, dilute our stockholders equity, or cause us to incur additional debt or assume contingent liabilities.
To increase our business and maintain our competitive position, we may acquire other companies or engage in joint ventures in the future. Acquisitions and joint ventures involve a number of risks that could harm our business and result in the acquired business or joint venture not performing as expected, including:
| insufficient experience with technologies and markets in which the acquired business is involved, which may be necessary to successfully operate and integrate the business; |
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| problems integrating the acquired operations, personnel, technologies or products with the existing business and products; |
| diversion of management time and attention from the core business to the acquired business or joint venture; |
| potential failure to retain key technical, management, sales and other personnel of the acquired business or joint venture; |
| difficulties in retaining relationships with suppliers and customers of the acquired business, particularly where such customers or suppliers compete with us; and |
| subsequent impairment of the acquired assets, including intangible assets. |
We may decide that it is in its best interests to enter into acquisitions or joint ventures that are dilutive to earnings per share or that negatively impact margins as a whole. In addition, acquisitions or joint ventures could require investment of significant financial resources and require us to obtain additional equity financing, which may dilute our stockholders equity, or require us to incur additional indebtedness.
To the extent that we invest in upstream suppliers or downstream channel capabilities, we may experience competition or channel conflict with certain of our existing and potential suppliers and customers. Specifically, existing and potential suppliers and customers may perceive that we are competing directly with them by virtue of such investments and may decide to reduce or eliminate their supply volume to us or order volume from us. In particular, any supply reductions from our polysilicon, ingot or wafer suppliers could materially reduce manufacturing volume.
SunPower and PowerLight have significant international activities and customers, and plan to continue these efforts, which subject us to additional business risks, including logistical complexity, political instability and currency fluctuations.
For the quarter ended April 1, 2007, a substantial portion of our sales were made to customers outside of the United States. SunPower currently has four solar cell production lines in operation, which are located at our manufacturing facility in the Philippines. In addition, a majority of our assembly functions have historically been conducted by a third-party subcontractor in China. PowerLight has historically had significant sales in Germany, Portugal and Spain. Risks we face in conducting business internationally include:
| multiple, conflicting and changing laws and regulations, export and import restrictions, employment laws, regulatory requirements and other government approvals, permits and licenses; |
| difficulties and costs in staffing and managing foreign operations such as our manufacturing facility in the Philippines, as well as cultural differences; |
| difficulties and costs in recruiting and retaining individuals skilled in international business operations; |
| increased costs associated with maintaining international marketing efforts; |
| potentially adverse tax consequences; |
| inadequate local infrastructure; |
| financial risks, such as longer sales and payment cycles and greater difficulty collecting accounts receivable; and |
| political and economic instability, including wars, acts of terrorism, political unrest, boycotts, curtailments of trade and other business restrictions. |
Specifically, SunPower faces risks associated with political and economic instability and civil unrest in the Philippines. In addition, in the Asia/Pacific region generally, we face risks associated with a recurrence of SARS, tensions between countries in that region, such as political tensions between China and Taiwan, the ongoing discussions with North Korea regarding its nuclear weapons program, potentially reduced protection for intellectual property rights, government-fixed foreign exchange rates, relatively uncertain legal systems and developing telecommunications infrastructures. In addition, some countries in this region, such as China, have adopted laws, regulations and policies which impose additional restrictions on the ability of foreign companies to conduct business in that country or otherwise place them at a competitive disadvantage in relation to domestic companies.
In addition, although base wages are lower in the Philippines than in the United States, wages for SunPowers employees in the Philippines are increasing, which could result in increased costs to employ our manufacturing engineers. As of April 1, 2007, approximately 83% of our employees were located in the Philippines. We also are faced with competition in the Philippines for employees, and we expect this competition to increase as additional solar companies enter the market and expand their operations. In particular, there may be limited availability of qualified manufacturing engineers. We have benefited from an excess of supply over demand for college graduates in the field of engineering in the Philippines. If this favorable imbalance changes due to increased competition, it could affect the availability or cost of qualified employees, who are critical to our performance. This could increase our costs and turnover rates.
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A significant portion of the operations for SunPower and PowerLight occur outside the United States. Currency fluctuations in the Euro, Philippine peso or the South Korean won relative to the U.S. dollar could decrease revenue or increase its expenses.
During the three months ended April 1, 2007, approximately 68% of SunPowers total revenue was generated outside the United States. We presently have currency exposure arising from sales, capital equipment purchases, prepayments and customer advances denominated in foreign currencies. A majority of SunPowers total revenue is denominated in Euros, including fixed price agreements with Conergy and Solon, and a significant portion is denominated in U.S. dollars, while a portion of SunPowers costs are incurred and paid in Euros and a smaller portion of SunPowers expenses are paid in Philippine pesos and Japanese yen. In addition, SunPowers prepayment to Wacker-Chemie AG, a polysilicon supplier to SunPower, and SunPowers customer advances from Solon are denominated in Euros. For the three months ended April 1, 2007 approximately 56% of PowerLights total revenue was generated outside the U.S., of which approximately 42% is denominated in Euros and a significant portion of its costs are incurred and paid in Euros.
SunPower and PowerLight are exposed to the risk of a decrease in the value of the Euro relative to the U.S. dollar, which would decrease our total revenue. Changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar may adversely affect our operating margins. For example, if these foreign currencies appreciate against the U.S. dollar, it will make it more expensive in terms of U.S. dollars to purchase inventory or pay expenses with foreign currencies. In addition, currency devaluation can result in a loss to us if we hold deposits of that currency as well as make our products, which are usually purchased with U.S. dollars, relatively more expensive than products manufactured locally. An increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our solar cells more expensive for international customers, thus potentially leading to a reduction in our sales and profitability. Furthermore, many of our competitors will be foreign companies that could benefit from such a currency fluctuation, making it more difficult for us to compete with those companies. We currently conduct hedging activities, which involve the use of currency forward contracts. We cannot predict the impact of future exchange rate fluctuations on our business and operating results. In the past, we have experienced an adverse impact on our total revenue and profitability as a result of foreign currency fluctuations.
SunPowers current tax holidays in the Philippines will expire within the next several years.
SunPower currently benefits from income tax holiday incentives in the Philippines in accordance with our subsidiarys registrations with the Board of Investments and Philippine Economic Zone Authority, which provide that we pay no income tax in the Philippines for four years under our Board of Investments non-pioneer status and Philippine Economic Zone Authority registrations, and six years under our Board of Investments pioneer status registration. Our current income tax holidays expire in 2010, and we intend to apply for extensions. However, these tax holidays may or may not be extended. We believe that as our Philippine tax holidays expire, (a) gross income attributable to activities covered by our Philippine Economic Zone Authority registrations will be taxed at a 5% preferential rate, and (b) our Philippine net income attributable to all other activities will be taxed at the statutory Philippine corporate income tax rate of 32%. As of yet no tax benefit has been realized from the income tax holiday due to operating losses in the Philippines.
Neither SunPower nor PowerLight may be able to increase or sustain our recent growth rate, and we may not be able to manage our future growth effectively.
Neither SunPower nor PowerLight may be able to continue to expand our business or manage future growth. Our recent expansion has placed, and our planned expansion and any other future expansion will continue to place, a significant strain on our management, personnel, systems and resources. We plan to purchase additional equipment to significantly expand our manufacturing capacity and to hire additional employees to support an increase in manufacturing, research and development and our sales and marketing efforts. To successfully manage our growth and handle the responsibilities of being a public company, we believe we must effectively:
| hire, train, integrate and manage additional qualified engineers for research and development activities, sales and marketing personnel, and financial and information technology personnel; |
| retain key management and augment our management team, particularly if we lose key members; |
| continue to enhance our customer resource management and manufacturing management systems; |
| implement and improve additional and existing administrative, financial and operations systems, procedures and controls, including the need to update and integrate our financial internal control systems in PowerLight and in our Philippines facility with those of our San Jose, California headquarters; |
| expand and upgrade our technological capabilities; and |
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| manage multiple relationships with our customers, suppliers and other third parties. |
PowerLight experienced significant revenue growth due primarily to the development and market acceptance of its PowerGuard ® roof system, the acquisition and introduction of its PowerTracker ® ground and elevated parking systems, its development of other technologies and increasing global interest and demand for renewable energy sources, including solar power generation. As a result, PowerLight increased its revenues in a relatively short period of time. Its annual revenue increased from $50.9 million in 2003 to $87.6 million in 2004 to $107.8 million in 2005 to $243.4 million in 2006. PowerLight revenue for the three months ended April 1, 2007 was $80.5 million. Our PowerLight business may not experience similar revenue growth in future periods. Accordingly, you should not rely on the results of any prior quarterly or annual period as an indication of the future operating performance of our PowerLight business.
We may encounter difficulties in effectively managing the budgeting, forecasting and other process control issues presented by rapid growth. If we are unable to manage our growth effectively, we may not be able to take advantage of market opportunities, develop new solar cells and other products, satisfy customer requirements, execute our business plan or respond to competitive pressures.
SunPower and PowerLight had approximately 1,813 full-time employees as of April 1, 2007, and we anticipate that we will need to hire a significant number of highly skilled technical, manufacturing, sales, marketing, administrative and accounting personnel. The competition for qualified personnel is intense in our industry. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining sufficient numbers of qualified personnel to support our anticipated growth. Since we are a public company, may have more difficulty than our private competitors in attracting personnel because of the perception that the stock option component of our compensation package may not be as valuable.
The success of our PowerLight business will depend in part on the continuing formation of such companies and the potential revenue source they represent. In deciding whether to form and invest in such companies, potential investors weigh a variety of considerations, including their projected return on investment. Such projections are based on current and proposed federal, state and local laws, particularly tax legislation. Changes to these laws, including amendments to existing tax laws or the introduction of new tax laws, tax court rulings as well as changes in administrative guidelines, ordinances and similar rules and regulations could result in different tax assessments and may adversely affect an investors projected return on investment, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
The steps SunPower has taken to increase the efficiency of our polysilicon utilization are unproven at volume production levels and may not enable us to realize the cost reductions we anticipate.
Given the polysilicon shortage, we believe the efficient use of polysilicon will be critical to our ability to reduce our manufacturing costs. We continue to implement several measures to increase the efficient use of polysilicon in our manufacturing process. For example, we are developing processes to utilize thinner wafers which require less polysilicon and improved wafer-slicing technology to reduce the amount of material lost while slicing wafers, otherwise known as kerf loss. Although we have implemented some production on thinner wafers and anticipate further reductions in wafer thickness, these methods may have unforeseen negative consequences on our yields or our solar cell efficiency or reliability once they are put into large-scale commercial production or they may not enable us to realize the cost reductions we hope to achieve.
PowerLight recognized revenue on a percent completion basis and upon the achievement of contractual milestones. We intend to recognize revenue from projects our PowerLight business on a similar basis, and any delay or cancellation of a project could adversely affect our business.
PowerLight recognized revenue on a percent completion basis and, as a result, the revenue from this business was driven by its performance of its contractual obligations, which is generally driven by timelines for the installation of its solar power systems at customer sites. We will recognize revenue from projects of the PowerLight business on a similar basis. As a consequence of the Merger, we will delay the recognition of revenue from sales of cells and panels to PowerLight until PowerLight recognizes revenue. This could result in unpredictability of revenue and, in the near term, a revenue decrease. As with any project-related business, there is the potential for delays within any particular customer project. Variation of project timelines and estimates may impact our ability to recognize revenue in a particular period. In addition, certain customer contracts may include payment milestones due at specified points during a project. Because our PowerLight business usually must invest substantial time and incur significant expense in advance of achieving milestones and the receipt of payment, failure to achieve such milestones could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
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Our PowerLight business sales cycles can be longer than the sales cycle for our solar cells and panels and may require significant upfront investment which may not ultimately result in signing of a sales contract and could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our PowerLight business sales cycles, which measure the time between its first contact with a customer and the signing of a sales contract for a particular project, vary substantially and average approximately eight months. Sales cycles for the PowerLight business systems are lengthy for a number of reasons, including:
| its customers often delay purchasing decisions until their eligibility for an installation rebate is confirmed, which generally takes several months; |
| the long time required to secure adequate financing for system purchases on terms acceptable to customers; and |
| the customers review and approval processes for system purchases are lengthy and time consuming. |
As a result of these long sales cycles, our PowerLight business must make significant upfront investments of resources in advance of the signing of sales contracts and the receipt of any revenues, most of which are not recognized for several additional months following contract signing. Accordingly, our PowerLight business must focus its limited resources on sales opportunities that it believes it can secure. Its inability to enter into sales contracts with potential customers after it makes such an investment could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
SunPower depends on a combination of our own wafer-slicing operations and those of other vendors for the wafer-slicing stage of our manufacturing, and any technical problems, breakdowns, delays or cost increases could significantly delay our manufacturing operations, decrease our output and increase our costs.
SunPower has historically depended on the wafer-slicing operations of third-party vendors to slice ingots into wafers. We have established our own wafer-slicing operations, and in the quarter ended April 1, 2007, we sliced approximately 48% of our wafers. If our third-party vendors increase their prices or decrease or discontinue their shipments to us, as a result of equipment malfunctions, competing purchasers or otherwise, and we are unable to obtain substitute wafer-slicing from another vendor on acceptable terms, or increase our own wafer-slicing operations on a timely basis, our sales will decrease, our costs may increase or our business will otherwise be harmed.
SunPower obtains capital equipment used in our manufacturing process from sole suppliers and if this equipment is damaged or otherwise unavailable, our ability to deliver products on time will suffer, which in turn could result in order cancellations and loss of revenue.
Some of the capital equipment used in the manufacture of SunPowers solar power products and in our wafer-slicing operations has been developed and made specifically for us, is not readily available from multiple vendors and would be difficult to repair or replace if it were to become damaged or stop working. In addition, we currently obtain the equipment for many of our manufacturing processes from sole suppliers and we obtain our wafer-slicing equipment from one supplier. If any of these suppliers were to experience financial difficulties or go out of business, or if there were any damage to or a breakdown of our manufacturing or wafer-slicing equipment at a time when we are manufacturing commercial quantities of our products, our business would suffer. In addition, a suppliers failure to supply this equipment in a timely manner, with adequate quality and on terms acceptable to us, could delay our capacity expansion of our manufacturing facility and otherwise disrupt our production schedule or increase our costs of production.
SunPower and PowerLight generally do not have long-term agreements with our customers and accordingly could lose customers without warning.
SunPowers solar cells, solar panel and imaging detector products are generally not sold pursuant to long-term agreements with customers, but instead are sold on a purchase order basis. PowerLight typically contracts to perform large projects with no assurance of repeat business from the same customers in the future. Although we believe that cancellations on our purchase orders to date have been insignificant, our customers may cancel or reschedule purchase orders with us on relatively short notice. Cancellations or rescheduling of customer orders could result in the delay or loss of anticipated sales without allowing us sufficient time to reduce, or delay the incurrence of, our corresponding inventory and operating expenses. In addition, changes in forecasts or the timing of orders from these or other customers expose us to the risks of inventory shortages or excess inventory. This, in addition to the completion and non-repetition of large PowerLight projects, in turn could cause our operating results to fluctuate.
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Sales contracts for PowerLights systems typically include bonding requirements and with increasing frequency have begun to include provisions regarding liquidated damages for installation delays, electricity generation or other solar power system performance guarantees and conditional payments. If they continue, liquidated damages provisions will put us at economic risk for future uncertain events.
Most PowerLight customers require performance bonds issued by a bonding agency. Due to the general performance risk inherent in construction activities, it has become increasingly difficult recently to secure suitable bonding agencies willing to provide performance bonding. In the event PowerLight is unable to obtain bonding, we will be unable to bid on, or enter into, sales contracts requiring such bonding. In addition, some of PowerLights larger customers require that it pay substantial liquidated damages for each day or other period its solar installation is not completed beyond an agreed target date. This is particularly true in Europe, where long-term, fixed feed-in tariffs available to investors are typically set during the year of project completion, but the fixed amount declines over time for projects completed in subsequent years. In addition, investors often require that the solar power system generate specified levels of electricity in order to maintain their investment returns, allocating risk and financial penalties to PowerLight if those levels are not achieved. Furthermore, its customers often require protections in the form of conditional payments, payment retentions or holdbacks, and similar arrangements that condition its future payments on performance. Delays in solar panel or other supply shipments, other construction delays, unexpected performance problems in electricity generation or other events could cause our PowerLight business to fail to meet these performance criteria, resulting in unanticipated revenue and earnings losses and financial penalties. If the trend for requiring such provisions continues, our PowerLight business would be subject to the same risks as PowerLight prior to the Merger, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
PowerLight prior to the Merger usually acted as the general contractor for its customers in connection with the installations of its solar power systems and was subject to risks associated with cost overruns, delays and other contingencies. We intend to operate the PowerLight business in the same manner, and will be subject to the same risks.
PowerLight prior to the Merger acted as the general contractor for its customers in connection with the installation of its solar power systems. All essential costs were estimated at the time of entering into the sales contract for a particular project, and these were reflected in the overall price that it charges its customers for the project. These cost estimates were preliminary and may or may not be covered by contracts between PowerLight or the other project developers, subcontractors, suppliers and other parties to the project. In addition, PowerLight required qualified, licensed subcontractors to install most of its systems. Shortages of such skilled labor could significantly delay a project or otherwise increase PowerLights costs. Should miscalculations in planning a project or defective or late execution occur, PowerLight may not have achieved its expected margins or cover its costs. Construction delays are often caused by inclement weather, failure to timely receive necessary approvals and permits, or delays in obtaining necessary solar panels, inverters or other materials. Because we intend to operate our PowerLight business in the same manner, our PowerLight business could be subject to the same risks, and such risks could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our PowerLight business could be adversely affected by seasonal trends and construction cycles.
Our PowerLight business is subject to significant industry-specific seasonal fluctuations. Its sales have historically reflected these seasonal trends with the largest percentage of total revenues being realized during the last two calendar quarters. Low seasonal demand normally results in reduced shipments and revenues in the first two calendar quarters. There are various reasons for this seasonality, mostly related to economic incentives and weather patterns. For example, in European countries with feed-in tariffs, the construction of solar power systems is concentrated during the second half of the calendar year, largely due to the annual reduction of the applicable minimum feed-in tariff and the fact that the coldest winter months are January through March. In the United States, customers will sometimes make purchasing decisions towards the end of the year in order to take advantage of tax credits or for other budgetary reasons.
In addition, to the extent the PowerLight business is successful in implementing its strategy to enter the new home development market, it expects the seasonality of its business and financial results to become more pronounced as sales in this market are often tied to construction market demands which tend to follow national trends in construction, including declining sales during cold weather months.
The expansion of our PowerLight business into the residential market may increase its exposure to certain risks, including class action product liability claims.
PowerLight has expanded into the residential market by selling its systems to large production homebuilders. It currently expects this new growth strategy to initially focus on new home development projects in excess or 50 homes, though it considers projects below this amount. As part of this strategy, PowerLight developed SunTile ® , a product that integrates a solar panel into a roof tile. To date PowerLight has focused on large-scale commercial applications and has limited experience serving the residential market.
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Our PowerLight business new residential products and services may not gain market acceptance and it may not otherwise be successful in entering the residential market, which would limit its growth and adversely affect our operating results. Furthermore, the residential construction market has peculiar characteristics that may increase its exposure to certain risks it currently faces or expose it to new risks. These risks include increased seasonality, sensitivity to interest rates and other macroeconomic conditions, as well as enhanced legal exposure. In particular, new home developments often result in class action litigation when one or more homes within a development experiences construction problems. Unlike our PowerLight business commercial business, where it typically acts as general contractor, PowerLight will be generally acting as subcontractor to homebuilders overseeing the development projects. In many instances subcontractors may be held liable for work of the homebuilder or other subcontractors. In addition, homebuilders often require onerous indemnification obligations that effectively allocate most of the potential liability from homeowner or class action lawsuits to subcontractors, including our PowerLight business. Insurance policies for its residential work have significant limitations on coverage that may render such policies inapplicable to these lawsuits. If our PowerLight business is not successful in entering the new residential construction market, or if as a result of the litigation and indemnification risks associated with such market, our PowerLight business incurs significant costs, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
If SunPower and PowerLight fail to successfully develop and introduce new products and services, we will not be able to compete effectively, and our ability to generate revenues will suffer; technological changes in the solar power industry could render SunPowers and PowerLights solar power products uncompetitive or obsolete, which could reduce our market share and cause our sales to decline.
As we introduce new or enhanced products or integrate PowerLights or other new technology into our products, we will face risks relating to such transitions including, among other things, technical challenges, disruption in customers ordering patterns, insufficient supplies of new products to meet customers demand, possible product and technology defects arising from the integration of new technology and a potentially different sales and support environment relating to any new technology. Our failure to manage the transition to newer products or the integration of newer technology into our products could adversely affect our business operating results and financial results.
The solar power market is characterized by continually changing technology requiring improved features, such as increased efficiency and higher power output and improved aesthetics. This will require us to continuously develop new solar power products and enhancements for existing solar power products to keep pace with evolving industry standards and changing customer requirements. Technologies developed by others, including thin film solar panels, concentrating solar cells or other solar technologies, may prove more advantageous than ours for the commercialization of solar power products and may render our technology obsolete. Our failure to further refine our technology and develop and introduce new solar power products could cause our products to become uncompetitive or obsolete, which could reduce our market share and cause our sales to decline. Our net research and development expense after deduction for government funding was $2.9 million for the three months ended April 1, 2007 and $2.0 million for the three months ended April 2, 2006. In addition, in the first quarter of 2007 SunPower and PowerLight were selected for an award, pending finalization of the award agreement, under the Department of Energys Solar America Initiative (SAI), for up to $10.5 million in the first budgeting period following negotiation of the agreement. We will need to invest significant financial resources in research and development to maintain our market position, keep pace with technological advances in the solar power industry and effectively compete in the future.
Evaluating SunPowers business and future prospects may be difficult due to our limited history in producing and shipping solar cells and solar panels in commercial volumes.
There is limited historical information available about SunPower upon which you can base your evaluation of our business and prospects. Although we began to develop and commercialize high-efficiency solar cell technology for use in solar concentrators in 1988 and began shipping product from our pilot manufacturing facility in 2003, we shipped our first commercial A-300 solar cells from our Philippines manufacturing facility in late 2004. Relative to the entire solar industry, we have shipped only a limited number of solar cells and solar panels and have recognized limited revenue. Our future success will require us to continue to scale our Philippines facilities significantly beyond their current capacity. In addition, our business model, technology and ability to achieve satisfactory manufacturing yields at higher volumes are unproven at significant scale. As a result, you should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks, expenses and challenges that we will face as an early-stage company seeking to develop and manufacture new products in a rapidly growing market.
SunPower and PowerLights reliance on government programs to partially fund our research and development programs could impair our ability to commercialize our solar power products and services and increase our research and development expenses.
We intend to continue our policy of selectively pursuing contract research, product development and market development programs funded by various agencies of the federal and state governments to complement and enhance our own resources. Funding
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from government grants is recorded as an offset to our research and development expense. During the three months ended April 1, 2007, funding from government grants offset approximately 7% our total research and development expense, excluding in-process research and development.
These government agencies may not continue their commitment to programs relevant to our development projects. Moreover, we may not be able to compete successfully to obtain funding through these or other programs. A reduction or discontinuance of these programs or of our participation in these programs would materially increase our research and development expenses, which would adversely affect our profitability and could impair our ability to develop our solar power products and services. In addition, contracts involving government agencies may be terminated or modified at the convenience of the agency. Many of our PowerLight business government contracts also contain royalty provisions that require it to pay certain amounts based on specified formulas. Government contracts are subject to audit and governmental agencies may dispute its royalty calculations. Any such dispute could result in fines, increased royalty payments, cancellation of the agreement or other penalties, which could have material adverse affect on our business and results of operations.
Our PowerLight business government-sponsored research contracts require that it provide regular written technical updates on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis, and, at the conclusion of the research contract, a final report on the results of its technical research. Because these reports are generally available to the public, third parties may obtain some aspects of its sensitive confidential information. Moreover, the failure to provide accurate or complete reports may provide the government with rights to any intellectual property arising from the related research.
Funding from government contracts also may limit when and how we can deploy our products and services developed under those contracts. For example, government contracts may require that the manufacturing of products developed with federal funding be substantially conducted in the United States. In addition, technology and intellectual property that we develop with government funding provides the government with march-in rights. March-in rights refer to the right of the government or a government agency to require us to grant a license to the developed technology or products to a responsible applicant or, if it refuses, the government may grant the license itself. The government can exercise its march-in rights if it determines that action is necessary because we fail to achieve practical application of the technology or because action is necessary to alleviate health or safety needs, to meet requirements of federal regulations or to give the United States industry preference.
Because the markets in which we compete are highly competitive and many of our competitors have greater resources than SunPower and PowerLight, we may not be able to compete successfully and we may lose or be unable to gain market share.
SunPowers solar products compete with a large number of competitors in the solar power market, including BP Solar International Inc., Evergreen Solar, Inc., Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Q-Cells AG, Sanyo Corporation, Sharp Corporation, First Solar, SolarWorld AG and Suntech Power Holdings Co., Ltd. In addition, universities, research institutions and other companies have brought to market alternative technologies such as thin films and concentrators, which may compete with our technology in certain applications. We expect to face increased competition in the future. Further, many of our competitors are developing and are currently producing products based on new solar power technologies that may ultimately have costs similar to, or lower than, our projected costs.
PowerLights solar power products and services compete against other power generation sources including conventional fossil fuels supplied by utilities, other alternative energy sources such as wind, biomass, CSP and emerging distributed generation technologies such as micro-turbines, sterling engines and fuel cells. In the large-scale on-grid solar power systems market, PowerLight will face direct competition from a number of companies that manufacture, distribute, or install solar power systems. Many of these companies sell PowerLights products as well as their own or those of other manufacturers. Our PowerLight business primary competitors in the United States include Arizona Public Service Company, BP Solar International, Inc., a subsidiary of BP p.l.c., Conergy Inc., Dome-Tech Group, Eastwood Energy, EI Solutions, Inc., GE Energy, a subsidiary of General Electric Corporation, Global Solar Energy, Inc., a subsidiary of Solon, Power-Fab, Schott Solar, Inc., Solar Integrated Technologies, Inc., SPG Solar, Inc., Sun Edison LLC, SunTechnics Installation & Services, Inc., Thompson Technology Industries, Inc. and WorldWater & Power Corporation. Our PowerLight business primary competitors in Europe include BP Solar, Conergy (through its subsidiaries AET Alternitive Energie Technik GmbH, SunTechnics Solartechnik GmbH and voltwerk AG), PV-Systemtechnik Gbr, SAG Solarstrom AG, Solon AG and Taufer Solar GmbH. In addition, our PowerLight business will occasionally compete with distributed generation equipment suppliers such as Caterpillar, Inc. and Cummins Inc. Other existing and potential competitors in the solar power market include universities and research institutions. We also expect that future competition will include new entrants to the solar power market offering new technological solutions. As we enter new markets and pursue additional applications for our PowerLight business products and services, we expect to face increased competition, which may result in price reductions, reduced margins or loss of market share.
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Competition is intense, and many of our competitors have significantly greater access to financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing, management and other resources than we do. Many also have greater name recognition, a more established distribution network and a larger installed base of customers. In addition, many of our competitors have well-established relationships with our current and potential suppliers, resellers and their customers and have extensive knowledge of our target markets. As a result, these competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the research, development, promotion and sale of their products and respond more quickly to evolving industry standards and changing customer requirements than we will be able to. Consolidation or strategic alliances among such competitors may strengthen these advantages and may provide them greater access to customers or new technologies. We may also face competition from some of PowerLights resellers, who may develop products internally that compete with our PowerLight business product and service offerings, or who may enter into strategic relationships with or acquire other existing solar power system providers. To the extent that government funding for research and development grants, customer tax rebates and other programs that promote the use of solar and other renewable forms of energy are limited, we will compete for such funds, both directly and indirectly, with other renewable energy providers and their customers.
If we cannot compete successfully in the solar power industry, our operating results and financial condition will be adversely affected. Furthermore, we expect competition in PowerLights markets to increase, which could result in lower prices or reduced demand for PowerLights services and have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
SunPower and PowerLight expect to continue to make significant capital expenditures, particularly in our manufacturing facilities, and if adequate funds are not available or if the covenants in our credit agreements impair our ability to raise capital when needed, our ability to expand our manufacturing capacity and our business will suffer.
We expect to continue to make significant capital expenditures, particularly in our manufacturing facilities, including, for example, through building purchases or long-term leases. SunPower and PowerLight anticipate that our expenses will increase substantially in the foreseeable future as we expand our manufacturing operations, hire additional personnel, pay more or make advance payments for raw material, especially polysilicon, increase our sales and marketing efforts, invest in joint ventures and acquisitions, and continue our research and development efforts with respect to our products and manufacturing technologies. We expect total capital expenditures of approximately $170 to $190 million in 2007 as we continue to increase our solar cell and solar panel manufacturing capacity. These expenditures would be greater if we decide to bring capacity on line more rapidly. We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and funds available under our credit facility will be sufficient to fund our capital and operating expenditures over the next 12 months. However, if our financial results or operating plans change from our current assumptions, we may not have sufficient resources to support our business plan. If our capital resources are insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity securities or debt securities or obtain other debt financing. We may also issue equity securities in the future to suppliers of raw materials in order to secure adequate materials to satisfy our production needs. The sale of additional equity securities or convertible debt securities would result in additional dilution to our stockholders. Additional debt would result in increased expenses and could require us to abide by covenants that would restrict our operations. Our credit facilities contain customary covenants and defaults, including, among others, limitations on dividends, incurrence of indebtedness and liens and mergers and acquisitions and may restrict our operating flexibility. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms or terms consistent with any new our credit agreement we may enter into, our ability to fund our operations, develop and expand our manufacturing operations and distribution network, maintain our research and development efforts or otherwise respond to competitive pressures would be significantly impaired.
The demand for products requiring significant initial capital expenditures such as SunPowers and PowerLights solar power products and services are affected by general economic conditions.
The United States and international economies have recently experienced a period of slow economic growth. A sustained economic recovery is uncertain. In particular, terrorist acts and similar events, continued turmoil in the Middle East or war in general could contribute to a slowdown of the market demand for products that require significant initial capital expenditures, including demand for solar cells and solar power systems and new residential and commercial buildings. In addition, increases in interest rates may increase financing costs to customers, which in turn may decrease demand for our solar power products. If the economic recovery slows down as a result of the recent economic, political and social turmoil, or if there are further terrorist attacks in the United States or elsewhere, SunPower and/or PowerLight may experience decreases in the demand for our solar power products, which may harm our operating results.
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Increases in interest rates may decrease the return on investment for certain customers or investors in projects of PowerLight, which could decrease demand for its products and services and which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
PowerLight has benefited from historically low interest rates in recent years, as these rates have made it more attractive for its customers to use debt financing to purchase its solar power systems. Interest rates have been rising and may continue to rise, which will likely increase the cost of financing these systems and may reduce an operating companys profits and investors expected returns on investment. Rising interest rates may also make certain alternative investments more attractive to investors, and therefore lead to a decline in demand for PowerLights solar power systems, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
SunPower depends on a third-party subcontractor in China to assemble a majority of our solar cells into solar panels and any failure to obtain sufficient assembly and test capacity could significantly delay our ability to ship our solar panels and damage our customer relationships.
Historically, SunPower has relied on Jiawei, a third-party subcontractor in China, to assemble a majority of our solar cells into solar panels and perform panel testing and to manage test, packaging, warehousing and shipping of our solar panels. SunPower does not have a long-term agreement with Jiawei and we typically obtain its services based on short-term purchase orders that are generally aligned with timing specified by our customers purchase orders and our sales forecasts. If the operations of Jiawei were disrupted or its financial stability impaired, or if it should choose not to devote capacity to our solar panels in a timely manner, our business would suffer as we may be unable to produce finished solar panels on a timely basis. In addition, we supply inventory to Jiawei and we bear the risk of loss, theft or damage to our inventory while it is held in its facilities.
As a result of outsourcing this final step in our production, we face several significant risks, including:
| lack of assembly and testing capacity and higher prices; |
| limited control over delivery schedules, quality assurance and control, manufacturing yields and production costs; and |
| delays resulting from an inability to move production to an alternate provider. |
The ability of our subcontractor to perform assembly and test is limited by its available capacity. We do not have a guaranteed level of production capacity with our subcontractor, and it is difficult to accurately forecast our capacity needs because of the shifting mix between sales of solar cells and solar panels and the timing of expanding our manufacturing capacity. Other customers of Jiawei that are larger and better financed than we are, or that have long-term agreements in place, may induce Jiawei to reallocate capacity to them. Any reallocation could impair our ability to secure the supply of solar panels that we need for our customers. In addition, interruptions to the panel manufacturing processes caused by a natural or man-made disaster could result in partial or complete disruption in supply until we are able to shift manufacturing to another facility. It may not be possible to obtain sufficient capacity or comparable production costs at another facility. Migrating our design methodology to a new third-party subcontractor or to a captive panel assembly facility could involve increased costs, resources and development time. Utilizing additional third party subcontractors could expose us to further risk of losing control over our intellectual property and the quality of our solar panels. Any reduction in the supply of solar panels could impair our revenue by significantly delaying our ability to ship products and potentially damage our relationships with existing customers.
One of PowerLights key products, PowerTracker ® , was acquired through an assignment and acquisition of the patents associated with the product from a third party individual, and if we are unable to continue to use this product, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition would be materially harmed.
In September 2002, PowerLight entered into a Technology Assignment and Services Agreement and other ancillary agreements with Jefferson Shingleton and MaxTracker Services, LLC, a New York limited liability company controlled by Mr. Shingleton. These agreements form the basis for its intellectual property rights in its PowerTracker ® products. Under such agreements, as later amended, Mr. Shingleton assigned to PowerLight his MaxTracker , MaxRack , MaxRack Ballast and MaxClip products and all related intellectual property rights. Mr. Shingleton is obligated to provide consulting services to PowerLight related to such technology until December 31, 2012 and is required to assign to PowerLight any enhancements he makes to the technology while providing such consulting services. Mr. Shingleton retains a first security interest in the patents and patent applications assigned until the earlier of the expiration of the patents, full payment by PowerLight to Mr. Shingleton of all of the royalty obligations under the
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Technology Assignment and Services Agreement, or the termination of the Technology Assignment and Services Agreement. In the event of PowerLights default under the Technology Assignment and Services Agreement, MaxTracker Services and Mr. Shingleton may terminate the agreements and the related assignments and cause the intellectual rights assigned to it to be returned to Mr. Shingleton or MaxTracker Services, including patents related to PowerTracker ®. In addition, upon such termination, PowerLight must grant Mr. Shingleton a perpetual, non-exclusive, royalty-free right and license to use, sell, and otherwise exploit throughout the world any intellectual property MaxTracker Services or Mr. Shingleton developed during the provision of consulting services to PowerLight. Events of default by PowerLight which could enable Mr. Shingleton or Max Tracker Services to terminate the agreements and the related assignments and cause the intellectual rights assigned to it to be returned to Mr. Shingleton or MaxTracker Services include the following:
| if PowerLight files a petition in bankruptcy or equivalent order or petition under the laws of any jurisdiction; |
| if a petition in bankruptcy or equivalent order or petition under the laws of any jurisdiction is filed against it which is not dismissed within 60 days of such filing; |
| if PowerLights assets are assigned for the benefit of creditors; |
| if PowerLight voluntarily or involuntarily dissolves (except in connection with the Merger, for which PowerLight received a waiver of this condition); |
| if PowerLight fails to pay any amount due under the agreements when due and does not remedy such failure to pay within 10 days of written notice of such failure to pay; or |
| if PowerLight defaults in the performance of any of its material obligations under the agreements when required (other than payment of amounts due under the agreements), and such failure is not remedied within 30 days of written notice to it of such default from Mr. Shingleton or MaxTracker Services. However, if such a default can reasonably be cured after the 30-day period, and PowerLight commences cure of such default within 30-day period and diligently prosecutes that cure to completion, such default does not trigger a termination right unless and until PowerLight ceases commercially reasonable efforts to cure such default. |
If PowerLight is unable to continue to use and sell PowerTracker ® as a result of the termination of the agreements and the related assignment or any other reason, our business, prospects, operating results and financial condition would be materially harmed.
SunPower and PowerLight are dependent on our intellectual properties, and we may face intellectual property infringement claims that could be time-consuming and costly to defend and could result in the loss of significant rights.
From time to time, SunPower, PowerLight, our respective customers or third-parties with whom we work may receive letters, including letters from various industry participants, alleging infringement of their patents. Although we are not currently aware of any parties pursuing or intending to pursue infringement claims against us, we cannot assure you that we will not be subject to such claims in the future. Also, because patent applications in the United States and many other jurisdictions are kept confidential for 18 months before they are published, we may be unaware of pending patent applications that relate to our products. Our third-party suppliers may also become subject to infringement claims, which in turn could negatively impact our business. SunPower ceased use of certain licensed technology for which we have not paid royalties since the second quarter of 2004 because our current products do not use the licensed technology. However, the licensor could challenge these actions and litigate against us. Intellectual property litigation is very expensive and time-consuming and could divert managements attention from our business and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition. If there is a successful claim of infringement against us, our customers or our third-party intellectual property providers, we may be required to pay substantial damages to the party claiming infringement, stop selling products or using technology that contains the allegedly infringing intellectual property, or enter into royalty or license agreements that may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Parties making infringement claims may also be able to bring an action before the International Trade Commission that could result in an order stopping the importation into the United States of our solar cells. Any of these judgments could materially damage our business. We may have to develop non-infringing technology, and our failure in doing so or in obtaining licenses to the proprietary rights on a timely basis could have a material adverse effect on our business.
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SunPower or PowerLight may file claims against other parties for infringing our intellectual property that may be very costly and may not be resolved in our favor.
We cannot guarantee that infringement of SunPowers or PowerLights intellectual property by other parties does not exist now or that it will not occur in the future. To protect our intellectual property rights and to maintain our competitive advantage, we may file suits against parties who we believe infringe our intellectual property. Intellectual property litigation is expensive and time consuming and could divert managements attention from our business and could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results or financial condition, and our enforcement efforts may not be successful. In certain situations, we may have to bring such suit in foreign jurisdictions, in which case we are subject to additional risk as to the result of the proceedings and the amount of damage that we can recover. Certain foreign jurisdictions may not provide protection to intellectual property comparable to that in the United States. Our participation in intellectual property enforcement actions may negatively impact our financial results.
We may not be able to prevent others from using the SunPower and PowerLight names or similar marks in connection with their solar power products which could adversely affect the market recognition of our name and our revenue.
SunPower is our registered trademark in the United States and Europe for use with solar cells and solar panels. We are seeking similar registration of the SunPower trademark in foreign countries but we may not be successful in some of these jurisdictions. For example, we have received initial rejection of our application to register the SunPower trademark in Canada and Japan based on prior registration by other people. In the foreign jurisdictions where we are unable to obtain this registration or have not tried, others may be able to sell their products using the SunPower trademark which could lead to customer confusion. In addition, if there are jurisdictions where someone else has already established trademark rights in the SunPower name, we may face trademark disputes and may have to market our products with other trademarks, which also could hurt our marketing efforts. We may encounter trademark disputes with companies using marks which are confusingly similar to SunPower which if not resolved favorably could cause our branding efforts to suffer. In addition, we may have difficulty in establishing strong brand recognition with consumers if others use similar marks for similar products.
PowerLight holds registered trademarks for PowerLight®, PowerGuard®, PowerTracker® and SunTile® in the United States, registered trademarks for PowerLight® and PowerGuard® in Europe, and a pending trademark application for PowerTilt in the United States. It has not registered, and may not be able to register, these trademarks elsewhere.
SunPower and PowerLight rely primarily upon copyright and trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to protect our proprietary rights, and, if these rights are not sufficiently protected, our ability to compete and generate revenue could suffer.
SunPower and PowerLight seek to protect our proprietary manufacturing processes, documentation and other written materials primarily under trade secret and copyright laws. We also typically require employees and consultants with access to our proprietary information to execute confidentiality agreements. The steps taken by us to protect our proprietary information may not be adequate to prevent misappropriation of our technology. In addition, our proprietary rights may not be adequately protected because:
| people may not be deterred from misappropriating our technologies despite the existence of laws or contracts prohibiting it; |
| policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property may be difficult, expensive and time-consuming, and we may be unable to determine the extent of any unauthorized use; and |
| the laws of other countries in which we market our solar cells, such as some countries in the Asia/Pacific region, may offer little or no protection for our proprietary technologies. |
Reverse engineering, unauthorized copying or other misappropriation of our proprietary technologies could enable third parties to benefit from our technologies without paying us for doing so. Any inability to adequately protect our proprietary rights could harm our ability to compete, to generate revenue and to grow our business.
Neither SunPower nor PowerLight may obtain sufficient patent protection on the technology embodied in the solar cells or solar system components we currently manufacture and market, which could harm our competitive position and increase our expenses.
Although SunPower and PowerLight rely primarily on trade secret laws and contractual restrictions to protect the technology in the solar cells and solar system components we currently manufacture and market, our success and ability to compete in the future may also depend to a significant degree upon obtaining patent protection for our proprietary technology. As of April 1, 2007, in the United States, SunPower owned 72 issued patents and jointly owned another three patents, and had 36 U.S. and 66 foreign patent applications pending. These patent applications cover aspects of the technology in the solar cells we currently manufacture
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and market. Patents that we currently own or license-in do not cover the solar cells that we presently manufacture and market. As of April 1, 2007, including the United States and foreign countries, PowerLight had a total 63 issued patents and 54 pending patent applications. PowerLight intends to continue to seek patent protection for those aspects of its technology, designs, and methodologies and processes that it believes provide significant competitive advantages. PowerLights material patents primarily relate to PowerGuard ®, PowerTilt and PowerTracker ®.
Our patent applications may not result in issued patents, and even if they result in issued patents, the patents may not have claims of the scope we seek. In addition, any issued patents may be challenged, invalidated or declared unenforceable. The term of any issued patents would be 20 years from their filing date and if our applications are pending for a long time period, we may have a correspondingly shorter term for any patent that may issue. Our present and future patents may provide only limited protection for our technology and may not be sufficient to provide competitive advantages to us. For example, competitors could be successful in challenging any issued patents or, alternatively, could develop similar or more advantageous technologies on their own or design around our patents. Also, patent protection in certain foreign countries may not be available or may be limited in scope and any patents obtained may not be as readily enforceable as in the United States, making it difficult for us to effectively protect our intellectual property from misuse or infringement by other companies in these countries. Our inability to obtain and enforce our intellectual property rights in some countries may harm our business. In addition, given the costs of obtaining patent protection, we may choose not to protect certain innovations that later turn out to be important.
If the effective term of SunPowers or PowerLights patents is decreased due to changes in patent laws or if we need to refile some of our patent applications, the value of our patent portfolio and the revenue we derive from products protected by the patents may be decreased.
The value of SunPowers and PowerLights patents depends in part on their duration. A shorter period of patent protection means less value of a patent. For example, the United States patent laws were amended in 1995 to change the term of patent protection from 17 years after the date of the patents issuance to 20 years after the earliest effective filing date of the application for a patent, unless the application was pending on June 8, 1995, in which case the term of a patents protection expires either 17 years after its issuance or 20 years after its filing, whichever is later. Because the time required from the filing of patent application to issuance of a patent is often longer than three years, a 20-year patent term from the filing date may result in substantially shorter patent protection. Also, we may need to re-file some of our patent applications and, in these situations, the patent term will be measured from the date of the earliest priority application to which benefit is claimed in such a patent application. This would also shorten our period of patent exclusivity. A shortened period of patent exclusivity may negatively impact our revenue protected by our patents.
SunPowers and PowerLights intellectual property indemnification practices may adversely impact our business.
SunPower and PowerLight are required by contract to indemnify some of our customers and our third-party intellectual property providers for certain costs and damages of patent infringement in circumstances where our solar cells are a factor creating the customers or these third-party providers infringement liability. This practice may subject us to significant indemnification claims by our customers and our third-party providers. We cannot assure you that indemnification claims will not be made or that these claims will not harm our business, operating results or financial condition.
The success of SunPowers and PowerLights business depends on the continuing contributions of our key personnel.
SunPower and PowerLight rely heavily on the services of our key executive officers, including Thomas H. Werner, our Chief Executive Officer, Emmanuel T. Hernandez, our Chief Financial Officer, Dr. Richard Swanson, our President and Chief Technology Officer, PM Pai, our Chief Operating Officer and Thomas L. Dinwoodie, PowerLights Chief Executive Officer. The loss of services of any principal member of our management team, particularly Thomas H. Werner, Emmanuel T. Hernandez, Dr. Richard Swanson, PM Pai and Thomas L. Dinwoodie could adversely impact our operations. In addition, our technical personnel represent a significant asset and serve as the source of our technological and product innovations. We believe our future success will depend upon our ability to retain these key employees and our ability to attract and retain other skilled managerial, engineering and sales and marketing personnel. However, we cannot guarantee that any employee will remain employed at the Company for any definite period of time since all of our employees, including Messrs. Werner, Hernandez, Swanson, Pai and Dinwoodie, serve at-will and may terminate their employment at any time for any reason.
Our headquarters for both the SunPower and PowerLight businesses, and other facilities, as well as the facilities of certain of our key subcontractors, are located in regions that are subject to earthquakes and other natural disasters.
Our headquarters for both the SunPower and PowerLight businesses, including research and development operations, our manufacturing facilities and the facilities of SunPowers subcontractor upon which we rely to assemble and test our solar
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panels are located in countries that are subject to earthquakes and other natural disasters. Our headquarters and research and development operations are located in California, SunPowers manufacturing facilities is located in the Philippines, and the facilities of SunPowers subcontractor for assembly and test of solar panels is located in China. Since we do not have redundant facilities, any earthquake, tsunami or other natural disaster in these countries could materially disrupt our production capabilities and could result in our experiencing a significant delay in delivery, or substantial shortage, of our solar cells.
Compliance with environmental regulations can be expensive, and noncompliance with these regulations may result in adverse publicity and potentially significant monetary damages and fines for SunPower or PowerLight.
SunPower and PowerLight are required to comply with all foreign, U.S. federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding pollution control and protection of the environment. In addition, under some statutes and regulations, a government agency, or other parties, may seek recovery and response costs from operators of property where releases of hazardous substances have occurred or are ongoing, even if the operator was not responsible for such release or otherwise at fault. We use, generate and discharge toxic, volatile and otherwise hazardous chemicals and wastes in our research and development and manufacturing activities. Any failure by us to control the use of, or to restrict adequately the discharge of, hazardous substances could subject us to potentially significant monetary damages and fines or suspensions in our business operations. In addition, if more stringent laws and regulations are adopted in the future, the costs of compliance with these new laws and regulations could be substantial. To date such laws and regulations have not had a significant impact on SunPowers or our PowerLight business operations, and we believe that we have all necessary permits to conduct their respective operations as they are presently conducted. If we fail to comply with present or future environmental laws and regulations, however, we may be required to pay substantial fines, suspend production or cease operations. Under SunPowers separation agreement with Cypress, SunPower will indemnify Cypress from any environmental liabilities associated with SunPowers operations and facilities in San Jose, California and the Philippines.
SunPower maintains self-insurance for certain indemnities we have made to our officers and directors.
SunPowers certificate of incorporation, by-laws and indemnification agreements require us to indemnify our officers and directors for certain liabilities that may arise in the course of their service to us. We self-insure with respect to potential indemnifiable claims. Although we have insured our officers and directors against certain potential third-party claims for which we are legally or financially unable to indemnify them, we intend to self-insure with respect to potential third-party claims which give rise to direct liability to such third-party or an indemnification duty on our part. If we were required to pay a significant amount on account of these liabilities for which we self-insure, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed.
Changes to financial accounting standards may affect our combined results of operations and cause SunPower and/or PowerLight to change our business practices.
We prepare our financial statements to conform with U.S. GAAP. These accounting principles are subject to interpretation by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the SEC and various bodies formed to interpret and create appropriate accounting policies. A change in those policies can have a significant effect on our combined reported results and may affect our reporting of transactions completed before a change is announced. Changes to those rules or the questioning of current practices may adversely affect our reported financial results or the way we conducts our business. For example, accounting policies affecting many aspects of our business, including rules relating to employee stock option grants, have recently been revised. The Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, and other agencies have made changes to U.S. GAAP, that required U.S. companies, starting in the first quarter of fiscal 2006, to record a charge to earnings for employee stock option grants and other equity incentives. We may have significant and ongoing accounting charges resulting from option grant and other equity awards that could reduce our net income or increase our net loss. In addition, since SunPower and PowerLight historically used equity-related compensation as a component of their total employee compensation program, the accounting change could make the use of equity-related compensation less attractive to us and therefore make it more difficult to attract and retain employees.
If SunPower fails to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, current and potential stockholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could harm our business and the trading price of our common stock.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires us to evaluate and report on our internal controls over financial reporting and have our independent registered public accounting firm annually attest to our evaluation, as well as issue its own opinion on our internal control over financial reporting. We have in the past discovered, and may in the future discover, areas of our internal controls that need improvement. Sunpower is complying with Section 404 by strengthening, assessing and testing our system of internal controls to provide the basis for our report. However, the continuous process of strengthening our internal controls and
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complying with Section 404 is expensive and time consuming, and requires significant management attention. We cannot be certain that these measures will ensure that we will maintain adequate control over our financial processes and reporting, or that we or our independent registered public accounting firm will be able to provide the attestation and opinion required under Section 404 in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K. If we or our independent registered public accounting firm discover a material weakness, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the markets confidence in our financial statements and harm our stock price. In addition, future non-compliance with Section 404 could subject us to a variety of administrative sanctions, including the suspension or delisting of our common stock from The Nasdaq Global Market and the inability of registered broker-dealers to make a market in our common stock, which would further reduce our stock price.
Our efforts to establish an effective, unified system of internal control over financial reporting with respect to PowerLight could present challenges.
PowerLight has not been required to prepare a report on the effectiveness of its internal controls over financial reporting because it was not subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. In August 2006, PowerLights audit committee received a letter from its independent auditors identifying certain material weaknesses in its internal controls over financial reporting relating to its audits for 2005, 2004 and 2003. These material weaknesses included problems with financial statement close processes and procedures, inadequate accounting resources, unsatisfactory application of the percentage of completion accounting method, inaccurate physical inventory counts, incorrect accounting for complex capital transactions and inadequate disclosure of related party transactions. In addition, PowerLight had to restate its 2004 and 2003 financial statements to correct previously reported amounts primarily related to its contract revenue, contract costs, accrued warranty, California state sales tax accrual and inventory items. We have begun remediation efforts with respect to the material weaknesses identified by PowerLights independent auditors. Although initiated, our plan to improve the effectiveness of the internal controls and processes at PowerLight is not complete. It will take some time to put in place the rigorous disclosure controls and procedures desired by our management and our board of directors. While we expect to complete this remediation process as quickly as possible, doing so depends on several factors beyond our control, including the hiring of additional qualified personnel and, as a result, we cannot at this time estimate how long it will take to complete the steps identified above. Our management will continue to evaluate the effectiveness of the control environment at PowerLight and will continue to refine existing controls. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date or any future measures will remediate the material weaknesses reported by PowerLights independent auditors. Additional deficiencies in PowerLights or our internal controls may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls, or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement, could harm our operating results or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our prior period financial statements. Ineffective internal controls could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, which would likely have a negative effect on the trading price of our securities.
We are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures as defined in the Exchange Act Rules. We were required to report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting for the first time in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, although our report on our internal controls over financial reporting will not include an assessment of PowerLights internal controls until our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 (the first fiscal year to end after the date of the Merger), unanticipated factors may hinder the effectiveness or delay the integration of SunPowers and PowerLights control systems. We cannot predict whether we will be able to establish an effective, unified system of internal controls over financial reporting.
SunPower faces competition in the market for our imaging detectors and infrared detectors, and if we fail to compete effectively, we will lose or fail to gain market share.
SunPower competes with companies such as Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. and UDT Sensors, Inc. in the market for high performance imaging detectors. In addition we compete with companies such as Vishay Intertechnology, Inc., Rohm Co., Ltd. and Agilent Technologies, Inc. in the market for infrared detectors. We may face competition in the future from other manufacturers of high performance imaging detectors, infrared detectors or alternative devices. The use of alternative devices, including low power, high data rate wireless protocols, may replace existing detectors and limit our market opportunity. Our current and future competitors may have longer operating histories, greater name recognition and greater financial, sales and marketing, technical and other resources than us or may develop technologies superior to those incorporated in our imaging detectors and infrared detectors. If we fail to compete successfully, we may be unable to expand our customer base for our imaging detectors and our business would suffer.
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Because of the lengthy sales cycles for SunPowers imaging detectors and the relatively fixed nature of a significant portion of our expenses, we may incur substantial expenses before we earn associated revenue and may not ultimately achieve our forecasted sales for our imaging detectors.
SunPowers sales cycles from design to manufacture of our imaging detectors can typically take 12 to 18 months. Sales cycles for our imaging detectors are lengthy for a number of reasons, including:
| our customers usually complete an in-depth technical evaluation of our imaging detectors before they place a purchase order; |
| the commercial adoption of our imaging detectors is typically limited during the initial release of their products to evaluate performance and consumer demand; |
| failure to deliver a product in a timely manner can seriously delay or cancel introduction; and |
| the development and commercial introduction of products incorporating complex technology frequently are delayed or canceled. |
As a result of our lengthy sales cycles, SunPower may incur substantial expenses before we earn associated revenue because a significant portion of our operating expenses is relatively fixed and based on expected revenue. If customer cancellations or product changes occur, this could result in the loss of anticipated sales without allowing us sufficient time to reduce our operating expenses.
SunPowers debt agreements contain covenant restrictions that may limit our ability to operate our business.
The agreements governing SunPowers credit facilities contain, and any of our other future debt agreements may contain, covenant restrictions that limit our ability to operate our business, including restrictions on our ability to:
| incur additional debt or issue guarantees; |
| create liens; |
| make certain investments; |
| enter into transactions with our affiliates; |
| sell certain assets; |
| redeem capital stock or make other restricted payments; |
| declare or pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders; and |
| merge or consolidate with any person. |
In addition, our credit facilities contain additional affirmative and negative covenants that are more restrictive than those contained in the indenture governing the debentures. Our ability to comply with these covenants is dependent on our future performance, which will be subject to many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including prevailing economic conditions.
As a result of these covenants, our ability to respond to changes in business and economic conditions and to obtain additional financing, if needed, may be significantly restricted, and we may be prevented from engaging in transactions that might otherwise be beneficial to us. In addition, our failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under the debentures and our other debt, which could permit the holders to accelerate such debt. If any of our debt is accelerated, we may not have sufficient funds available to repay such debt.
Provisions of SunPowers debentures issued in February 2007 could discourage an acquisition of us by a third party.
Certain provisions of the $200 million in principal amount of 1.25% senior convertible debentures we issued in February could make it more difficult or more expensive for a third party to acquire us. Upon the occurrence of certain transactions constituting a fundamental change, holders of the debentures will have the right, at their option, to require us to repurchase, at a cash repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest on the debentures, all of their debentures or any portion of the principal amount of such debentures in integral multiples of $1,000. We may also be required to issue additional shares of our class A common stock upon conversion of the debentures in the event of certain fundamental changes.
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Risks Related to SunPowers Class A Common Stock
The effect of the issuance of our shares of class A common stock pursuant to the share lending agreement, including sales of our class A common stock in short sale transactions by purchasers of the Debentures, may lower the market price of our class A common stock.
Concurrently with our February 2007 offering of debentures, we offered 2,947,132 shares of our class A common stock, all of which were initially borrowed by an affiliate of Lehman Brothers Inc., under a share lending agreement we have entered into with such affiliate and Lehman Brothers Inc.
Such loaned shares must be returned to us by February 15, 2027, or earlier in certain circumstances. Such affiliate of Lehman Brothers Inc. has agreed to use sales of such shares to facilitate the establishment by the debenture investors of hedged positions in the offering of our debentures. The market price of our class A common stock could be negatively affected by these or other short sales of our class A common stock by the purchasers of the debentures to hedge investments in the debentures. In addition, the effect of the increase in the number of outstanding shares of our class A common stock issued pursuant to the share lending agreement could have a negative effect on the market price of our class A common stock.
Conversion of the debentures will dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders, including holders who had previously converted their debentures.
To the extent we issue class A common stock upon conversion of the debentures, the conversion of some or all of the debentures will dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders, including holders who had previously converted their debentures. Any sales in the public market of the class A common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our class A common stock. In addition, the existence of the debentures may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the debentures could depress the price of our class A common stock.
Substantial future sales or other dispositions of our class A common stock or other securities could cause our stock price to fall.
Sales of our class A common stock in the public market or sales of any of our other securities, or the perception that such sales could occur, could cause the market price of our class A common stock to decline. As of May 4, 2007, we had 30,641,178 shares of class A common stock outstanding and, net of the effect of the sale of 7,500,000 shares of SunPowers class B common stock in an offering pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act, Cypress owned 44,533,287 outstanding shares of SunPowers class B common stock, representing approximately 59% of the total outstanding shares of SunPowers common stock. Cypress may convert these shares into class A common stock at any time. Cypress has no contractual obligation to retain its shares of class A common stock. Subject to applicable United States federal and state securities laws, Cypress may sell or distribute to its stockholders any or all of the shares of our common stock that it owns, which may or may not include the sale of a controlling interest in us. Cypress announced on October 6, 2006 and reiterated on October 19, 2006 that it was exploring ways in which to allow its stockholders to fully realize the value of its investment in SunPower. Cypress has made public statements since October 19, 2006 that were consistent with these announcements.
We filed a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act covering 6,891,266 shares of SunPower class A common stock issuable under outstanding options under SunPowers 1988 Incentive Stock Plan, under SunPowers 1996 Stock Plan and under non-plan options granted to employees and consultants and 356,839 shares reserved for future issuance as of September 30, 2006 under SunPowers 2005 Stock Incentive Plan. We have also registered for resale up to 4,106,884 shares of class A common stock for resale by holders of former PowerLight shares. These shares are available for sale in the open market, although sales of shares held by PowerLight shareholders who are now affiliates of SunPower will be subject to sales restrictions under the Securities Act. In addition, we recently filed a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act covering 1,601,839 shares of class A common stock issuable pursuant to options, some of which are subject to vesting, assumed pursuant to the Merger.
As of May 4, 2007, if Cypress elects to convert its shares of class B common stock into shares of class A common stock, an additional 44,533,287 shares of class A common stock will be available for sale, subject to customary sales restrictions. In addition, except for a limited time in connection with the Merger, Cypress has the right to cause us to register the sale of its shares of class A common stock under the Securities Act. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in these shares, other than shares purchased by our affiliates, becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act.
If Cypress distributes to its stockholders shares of class A common stock that it owns, substantially all of these shares would be eligible for immediate resale in the public market. We are unable to predict whether significant amounts of class A common stock would be sold in the open market in anticipation of, or after, any such distribution. We also are unable to predict whether a sufficient number of buyers for shares of our class A common stock would be in the market at that time.
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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about us, our business or our market, or if they change their recommendations regarding our stock adversely, our stock price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for our class A common stock is influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about us, our business or our market. We have only been a public company since our initial public offering in November 2005, and accordingly our stock is covered by fewer securities analysts than that of more mature public companies. If one or more of the analysts who cover us change their recommendation regarding our stock adversely, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.
The price of our class A common stock, and therefore of the debentures may fluctuate significantly, and a liquid trading market for our class A common stock may not be sustained.
Our class A common stock has a limited trading history in the public markets. The trading price of our class A common stock could be subject to wide fluctuations due to the factors discussed in this risk factors section and in the risk factors incorporated by reference. In addition, the stock market in general, and The Nasdaq Global Market and the securities of technology companies in particular, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. These trading prices and valuations, including our own market valuation and those of companies in our industry generally, may not be sustainable. These broad market and industry factors may decrease the market price of our class A common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. Moreover, because the debentures are convertible into our class A common stock, volatility or depressed prices of our class A common stock could have a similar effect on the trading price of the debentures. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a companys securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managements attention and resources.
The difference in the voting rights of our class A and our class B common stock may reduce the value and liquidity of our class A common stock.
The rights of class A and class B common stock are substantially similar, except with respect to voting, conversion and other protective provisions. The class B common stock is entitled to eight votes per share and the class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. The difference in the voting rights of our class A and class B common stock both before and after any distribution of our class B common stock by Cypress to its stockholders could reduce the value of the class A common stock to the extent that any investor or potential future purchaser of our common stock ascribes value to the right of class B common stock to eight votes per share. The existence of two classes of common stock could result in less liquidity for either class of common stock than if there were only one class of our common stock.
Delaware law and our corporate charter and bylaws contain anti-takeover provisions that could delay or discourage takeover attempts that stockholders may consider favorable.
Provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. These provisions include the following:
| the right of the board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of the board of directors; |
| the prohibition of cumulative voting in the election of directors, which would otherwise allow less than a majority of stockholders to elect director candidates; |
| the requirement for advance notice for nominations for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon at a stockholders meeting; |
| the ability of the board of directors to issue, without stockholder approval, up to 10,042,490 shares of preferred stock with terms set by the board of directors, which rights could be senior to those of common stock; and |
| in the event that Cypress, its successors in interest and its subsidiaries no longer collectively own shares of our common stock equal to at least 40% of the shares of all classes of our common stock then outstanding and Cypress is no longer consolidating us for accounting purposes: |
| our board of directors will be divided into three classes of directors, with the classes to be as nearly equal in number as possible; |
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| no action can be taken by stockholders except at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders called in accordance with our bylaws, and stockholders may not act by written consent; |
| stockholders may not call special meetings of the stockholders; and |
| our board of directors will be able to alter our bylaws without obtaining stockholder approval. |
Until such time as Cypress, its successor in interest and its subsidiaries collectively own less than 40% of the shares of all classes of our common stock then outstanding and Cypress is no longer consolidating us for accounting purposes, the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the then-authorized number of members of our board of directors will be required to: (1) adopt, amend or repeal our bylaws or certificate of incorporation; (2) appoint or remove our chief executive officer; (3) designate, appoint or allow for the nomination or recommendation for election by our stockholders of an individual to our board of directors; (4) change the size of our board of directors to be other than five members; (5) form a committee of our board of directors or establish or change a charter, committee responsibilities or committee membership of any committee of our board of directors; (6) adopt any stockholder rights plan, poison pill or other similar arrangement; or (7) approve any transactions that would involve a merger, consolidation, restructuring, sale of substantially all of our assets or any of our subsidiaries or otherwise result in any person or entity obtaining control of us or any of our subsidiaries. Cypress may at any time in its sole discretion waive this requirement to obtain such a supermajority vote of our board of directors.
In addition, we are governed by the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL. These provisions may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us. These provisions in our restated certificate of incorporation, bylaws and under Delaware law could discourage potential takeover attempts and could reduce the price that investors might be willing to pay for shares of our common stock in the future and result in the market price being lower than they would without these provisions.
As a result of SunPowers offering of debentures completed in February 2007, we have a significant amount of debt. Our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to meet our payment obligations under the debentures and our other debt.
As a result of our $200 million debenture offering completed in February 2007, we have significant indebtedness and substantial debt service requirements.
This level of debt could have significant consequences on our future operations, including:
| making it more difficult for us to meet our payment and other obligations under the debentures and our other outstanding debt; |
| resulting in an event of default if we fail to comply with the financial and other restrictive covenants contained in our debt agreements, which event of default could result in all of our debt becoming immediately due and payable; |
| reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes, and limiting our ability to obtain additional financing for these purposes; |
| subjecting us to the risk of increased sensitivity to interest rate increases on our indebtedness with variable interest rates, including borrowings under our amended senior credit facility; |
| limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, and increasing our vulnerability to, changes in our business, the industry in which we operate and the general economy; and |
| placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt or are less leveraged. |
Any of the above-listed factors could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to meet our payment obligations under the debentures and our other debt.
Our ability to meet our payment and other obligations under our indebtedness depends on our ability to generate significant cash flow in the future. This, to some extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive, legislative and regulatory factors as well as other factors that are beyond our control. There is no assurance that our business will generate cash flow from operations, or that future borrowings will be available to us under our existing or any amended credit facilities or otherwise, in an amount sufficient to enable us to meet our payment obligations under the debentures and our other debt and to fund other liquidity needs. If we are not able to generate sufficient cash flow to service our debt obligations, we may need to refinance or restructure our debt, including the debentures, sell assets, reduce or delay capital investments, or seek to raise additional capital. If we are unable to implement one or more of these alternatives, we may not be able to meet our payment obligations under the debentures and our other debt.
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Risks Related to Our Relationship with Cypress Semiconductor Corporation
As long as Cypress controls us, the ability of our other stockholders to influence matters requiring stockholder approval will be limited.
As of May 4, 2007, Cypress owned all 44,533,287 shares of outstanding SunPower class B common stock, representing approximately 59% of the total outstanding shares of SunPower common stock, or approximately 55% of such shares on a fully diluted basis after taking into account outstanding options, and 91% of the voting power of SunPowers outstanding capital stock. Shares of class A common stock and class B common stock have substantially similar rights, preferences and privileges except with respect to voting and conversion rights and other protective provisions. Shares of class B common stock are entitled to eight votes per share of class B common stock, and shares of class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share of class A common stock. If Cypress transfers shares of class B common stock to any party other than a successor in interest or a subsidiary of Cypress prior to a tax-free distribution to its stockholders, those shares would automatically convert into shares of class A common stock. Other than through such transfers or voluntary conversions by Cypress of shares of class B common stock into shares of class A common stock, only at such time, if at all, that Cypress, its successors in interest (not including its stockholders following a dissolution) and its subsidiaries collectively own less than 40% of the shares of all classes of our common stock then outstanding will all shares of class B common stock automatically convert into shares of our class A common stock on a one-for-one basis. Until such time, by virtue of the voting power afforded the shares of class B common stock, Cypress will be able to effectively elect all of the members of our board of directors.
In addition, until such time as Cypress, its successors in interest and its subsidiaries collectively own less than 40% of the shares of all classes of our common stock then outstanding and Cypress is no longer consolidating us for accounting purposes, Cypress will have the ability to take stockholder action without the vote of any other stockholder and, by virtue of the voting power afforded the shares of class B common stock, investors will not be able to affect the outcome of any stockholder vote during this period. As a result, Cypress will have the ability to control all matters affecting us, including:
| the composition of our board of directors and, through the board of directors, any determination with respect to the combined companys business plans and policies, including the appointment and removal of officers; |
| any determinations with respect to mergers and other business combinations; |
| our acquisition or disposition of assets; |
| our financing activities; |
| changes to the agreements providing for our separation from Cypress; |
| the allocation of business opportunities that may be suitable for us; |
| the payment of dividends on the class A common stock; and |
| the number of shares available for issuance under our stock plans. |
Cypresss voting control may discourage transactions involving a change of control of SunPower, including transactions in which holders of class A common stock might otherwise receive a premium for their shares over the then current market price. Except for a limited time in connection with the Merger, Cypress is not prohibited from selling a controlling interest in us to a third party and may do so without approval of holders of class A common stock and without providing for a purchase of class A common stock. Accordingly, shares of class A common stock may be worth less than they would be if Cypress did not maintain voting control over us.
Our ability to continue to manufacture our imaging detectors and our solar cells in our current facilities with our current and planned manufacturing capacities, and therefore to maintain and increase revenue and achieve profitability, depends to a large extent upon the continued success of our relationship with Cypress.
Our imaging detectors are manufactured for us by Cypress and are processed and tested in our San Jose, California facility. We do not have a long-term fixed-price agreement with Cypress for the manufacturing of our imaging detectors, but instead operate on a purchase order basis. The processes for manufacturing our imaging detectors are highly complex, specialized and proprietary. If Cypress is unable to continue manufacturing our imaging detectors for us, our manufacturing output would be interrupted and delayed, and we would incur increased expenses in establishing relationships with alternative manufacturers at market prices. We may not be able to find alternative manufacturers on terms acceptable to us, and we may be unable to establish our own operations in a timely or cost-effective manner, if at all.
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We manufacture our solar cells in our Philippines manufacturing facility which we lease from Cypress. We are in the process of expanding existing facilities for solar and panel assembly. If we are unable to expand in our current facility or are required to move our manufacturing facility, we would incur significant expenses as well as lost sales. Furthermore, we may not be able to locate a facility that meets our needs on terms acceptable to us. Any of these circumstances would increase our expenses and decrease our total revenue and could prevent us from sustaining profitability.
Our historical financial information as a business segment of Cypress may not be representative of our results as an independent public company.
Our historical financial information does not necessarily reflect what our financial position, results of operations or cash flows would have been had we been an independent entity. The historical costs and expenses reflected in our audited and unaudited consolidated financial statements include an allocation for certain corporate functions historically provided by Cypress, including centralized legal, tax, treasury, information technology, employee benefits and other Cypress corporate services and infrastructure costs. These expense allocations were based on what we and Cypress considered reasonable reflections of the utilization of services provided or the benefit received by us. Our historical financial information is not necessarily indicative of what our results of operations, financial position, cash flows or costs and expenses will be in the future. We have not made adjustments to such historical financial information to reflect many significant changes that occurred or may yet occur in our cost structure, funding and operations as a result of our separation from Cypress, including changes in our employee base, changes in our tax structure, potential increased costs associated with reduced economies of scale and increased costs associated with being a publicly traded, stand-alone company.
Our ability to operate our business effectively may suffer if we are unable to cost-effectively establish our own administrative and other support functions in order to operate as a stand-alone company after the expiration of our services agreements with Cypress.
As a subsidiary of Cypress, we have relied on administrative and other resources of Cypress to operate our business. In connection with our initial public offering, we entered into various service agreements to retain the ability for specified periods to use these Cypress resources. These agreements will expire upon the earlier or November 2009 or a change of control of our Company. We need to create our own administrative and other support systems or contract with third parties to replace Cypress systems. In addition, we recently established disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting as part of our becoming a separate public company in November 2005. These services may not be provided at the same level as when we were a wholly owned subsidiary of Cypress, and we may not be able to obtain the same benefits that we received prior to the separation. These services may not be sufficient to meet our needs, and after our agreements with Cypress expire, we may not be able to replace these services at all or obtain these services at prices and on terms as favorable as we currently have with Cypress. Any failure or significant downtime in our own administrative systems or in Cypress administrative systems during the transitional period could result in unexpected costs, impact our results and/or prevent us from paying our suppliers or employees and performing other administrative services on a timely basis.
We may experience increased costs resulting from a decrease in our purchasing power and we may have difficulty obtaining new customers due to our relatively small size after our separation from Cypress.
Historically, we were able to take advantage of Cypress size and purchasing power in procuring goods, technology and services, including insurance, employee benefit support and audit services. We are a smaller company than Cypress, and we cannot assure you that we will have access to financial and other resources comparable to those available to us prior to our separation from Cypress. These risks would be come more pronounced if Cypress were to cease to own a majority of our stock. As an independent company, we may be unable to obtain goods, technology and services at prices or on terms as favorable as those available to us prior to our separation from Cypress, which could increase our costs and reduce our profitability. In addition, as a smaller, separate, stand-alone company, we may encounter more customer concerns about our viability as a separate entity, which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our future success depends on our ability to maintain our current relationships with existing customers, and we may have difficulty attracting new customers.
Our agreements with Cypress require us to indemnify Cypress for certain tax liabilities. These indemnification obligations may limit our ability to obtain additional financing or participate in future acquisitions for up to two years.
We have entered into a tax sharing agreement with Cypress, under which we and Cypress agree to indemnify one another for certain taxes and similar obligations that the other party could incur under certain circumstances. In general, we will be responsible for taxes relating to our business. Furthermore, we may be held jointly and severally liable for taxes determined on a consolidated basis even though Cypress is required to indemnify us for its taxes pursuant to the tax sharing agreement. After the date we cease to be a member of Cypress consolidated group for federal income tax purposes or state income tax purposes, as and to the extent that we become entitled to utilize on our separate tax returns portions of those credit
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or loss carryforwards existing as of such date, we will distribute to Cypress the tax effect (estimated to be 34% for federal income tax purposes) of the amount of such tax loss carryforwards so utilized and the amount of any credit carryforwards so utilized. We will distribute these amounts to Cypress in cash or in our shares, at our option. Upon completion of our follow-on public offering of class A common stock in June 2006, we were no longer considered to be a member of Cypress consolidated group for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, we will be subject to the obligations payable to Cypress for any federal income tax credit or loss carryforwards utilized in its federal tax returns. As of December 31, 2006, we had approximately $50.6 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards and approximately $4.8 million of California net operating loss carryforwards, meaning that such potential future payments to Cypress, which would be made over a period of several years, would therefore aggregate between $15.0 million and $16.0 million.
If Cypress distributes our class B common stock to Cypress stockholders in a transaction intended to qualify as a tax-free distribution under Section 355 of the Internal Revenue Code, or the Code, Cypress intends to obtain an opinion of counsel to the effect that such distribution qualifies under Section 355 of the Code. Despite such an opinion, however, the distribution may nonetheless be taxable to Cypress under Section 355(e) of the Code if 50% or more of our voting power or economic value is acquired as part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the distribution of our stock. The tax sharing agreement includes our obligation to indemnify Cypress for any liability incurred as a result of issuances or dispositions of our stock after the distribution, other than liability attributable solely to certain dispositions of our stock by Cypress, that cause Cypress distribution of shares of our stock to its stockholders to be taxable to Cypress under Section 355(e) of the Code. Under current law, following a distribution by Cypress and for up to two years thereafter, our obligation to indemnify Cypress will be triggered only if we issue stock or otherwise participate in one or more transactions other than the distribution in which 50% or more of our voting power or economic value is acquired in financing or acquisition transactions that are part of a plan or series of related transactions that includes the distribution. If such an indemnification obligation is triggered, the extent of our liability to Cypress will generally equal the product of (a) Cypress top marginal federal and state income tax rate for the year of the distribution, and (b) the difference between the fair market value of our class B common stock distributed to Cypress stockholders and Cypress tax basis in such stock as determined on the date of the distribution. Our ability to use our equity to obtain additional financing or to engage in acquisition transactions for a period of time after a distribution will be restricted if we can only sell or issue a limited amount of our stock before triggering our obligation to indemnify Cypress for taxes it incurs under Section 355(e) of the Code.
For example, under the current tax rules, if Cypress were to make a complete distribution of its class B common stock and our total outstanding capital stock at the time of such distribution was 69,000,000 shares, unless we qualified for one of several safe harbor exemptions available under the Treasury Regulations, in order to avoid our indemnification obligation to Cypress, we could not, for up two years from the date of Cypress distribution, issue 69,000,000 or more shares of class A common stock, nor could we participate in one or more transactions (excluding the distribution itself) in which 34,500,000 or more shares of our then existing class A common stock were to be acquired in connection with a plan or series of related transactions that includes the distribution. In addition, these limits could be lower depending on certain actions that we or Cypress might take before or after a distribution. If we were to participate in such a transaction, assuming Cypress distributed 44,500,000 shares, Cypress top marginal income tax rate is 40% for federal and state income tax purposes, the fair market value of our class B common stock is $42.00 per share and Cypress tax basis in such stock is $5.00 per share on the date of their distribution, then our liability under our indemnification obligation to Cypress would be approximately $658.6 million.
Third parties may seek to hold us responsible for liabilities of Cypress.
Third parties may seek to hold us responsible for Cypress liabilities. Under our separation agreements with Cypress, Cypress will indemnify us for claims and losses relating to liabilities related to Cypress business and not related to our business. However, if those liabilities are significant and we are ultimately held liable for them, we cannot assure you that we will be able to recover the full amount of our losses from Cypress.
Our inability to resolve any disputes that arise between us and Cypress with respect to our past and ongoing relationships may result in a significant reduction of our revenue.
Disputes may arise between Cypress and us in a number of areas relating to our past and ongoing relationships, including:
| labor, tax, employee benefit, indemnification and other matters arising from our separation from Cypress; |
| the cost of wafers for our imaging detectors; |
| employee retention and recruiting; |
| business combinations involving us; |
| pricing for transitional services; |
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| sales or distributions by Cypress of all or any portion of its ownership interest in us; |
| the nature, quality and pricing of services Cypress has agreed to provide us; and |
| business opportunities that may be attractive to both Cypress and us. |
We may not be able to resolve any potential conflicts, and even if we do, the resolution may be less favorable than if we were dealing with an unaffiliated party.
The agreements we entered into with Cypress may be amended upon agreement between the parties. While we are controlled by Cypress, we may not have the leverage to negotiate amendments to these agreements if required on terms as favorable to us as those we would negotiate with an unaffiliated third party.
Some of our directors and executive officers may have conflicts of interest because of their ownership of Cypress common stock, options to acquire Cypress common stock and positions with Cypress.
Some of our directors and executive officers own Cypress common stock and/or options to purchase Cypress common stock. In addition, some of our directors are executive officers and/or directors of Cypress. Ownership of Cypress common stock and options to purchase Cypress common stock by our directors and officers and the presence of executive officers or directors of Cypress on our board of directors could create, or appear to create, conflicts of interest with respect to matters involving both us and Cypress. For example, corporate opportunities may arise that concern both of our businesses, such as the potential acquisition of a particular business or technology that is complementary to both of our businesses. In these situations, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that directors and officers who are also directors or officers of Cypress have no duty to communicate or present such corporate opportunity to us unless it is specifically applicable to the solar energy business and not applicable to or reasonably related to any business conducted by Cypress, have the right to deal with such corporate opportunity in their sole discretion and shall not be liable to us or our stockholders for breach of fiduciary duty by reason of the fact that such director or officer pursues or acquires such corporate opportunity for itself or for Cypress. In addition, we have not established at this time any procedural mechanisms to address actual or perceived conflicts of interest of these directors and officers and expect that our board of directors, in the exercise of its fiduciary duties, will determine how to address any actual or perceived conflicts of interest on a case-by-case basis. If any corporate opportunity arises and if our directors and officers do not pursue it on our behalf pursuant to the provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, we may not become aware of, and may potentially lose, a significant business opportunity.
Because Cypress is not obligated to distribute to its stockholders or otherwise dispose of our common stock that it owns, we will continue to be subject to the risks described above relating to Cypress control of us if Cypress does not complete such a transaction.
Cypress is not obligated to distribute to its stockholders or otherwise dispose of the shares of our class B common stock that it beneficially owns, although it might elect to do so in the future. Cypress announced on October 6, 2006 and reiterated on October 19, 2006 that it was exploring ways in which to allow its stockholders to fully realize the value its investment in us. Cypress has made public statements since October 19, 2006 that were consistent with these announcements. On May 4, 2007, Cypress sold 7,500,000 shares of SunPowers class B common stock in an offering pursuant to Rule 144 of the Securities Act. Completion of any distribution transaction could be contingent upon, among other things, the receipt of a favorable tax ruling from the Internal Revenue Service and/or a favorable opinion of Cypress tax advisor as to the tax-free nature of such a transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Unless and until such a distribution occurs or Cypress otherwise disposes of shares so that it, its successors in interest and its subsidiaries collectively own less than 40% of the shares of all classes of our common stock then outstanding, we will continue to face the risks described above relating to Cypress control of us and potential conflicts of interest between Cypress and us. We may be unable to realize potential benefits that could result from such a distribution by Cypress, such as greater strategic focus, greater access to capital markets, better incentives for employees and more accountable management, although we cannot guarantee that we would realize any of these potential benefits if such a distribution did occur. In addition, speculation by the press, investment community, our customers, our competitors or others regarding whether Cypress intends to complete such a distribution or otherwise dispose of its controlling interest in us could harm our business or lead to volatility in our stock price.
So long as Cypress continues to hold a controlling interest in us or is otherwise a significant stockholder, the liquidity and market price of our class A common stock may be adversely impacted. In addition, there can be no assurance that Cypress will distribute or otherwise dispose of any of its remaining shares of our class B common stock.
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Cypress ability to replace our board of directors may make it difficult for us to recruit independent directors.
Cypress may at any time replace our entire board of directors. Furthermore, some actions of our board of directors require the approval of 75% of our directors except to the extent this condition is waived by Cypress. As a result, unless and until Cypress, its successors in interest and its subsidiaries collectively own less than 40% of the shares of all classes of our common stock then outstanding and Cypress is no longer consolidating us for accounting purposes, Cypress could exercise significant control over our board of directors. As such, individuals who might otherwise accept a board position at SunPower may decline to serve, and Cypress may be able to control important decisions made by our Board of Directors.
Item 4. | Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders |
At our Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 4, 2007, stockholders (1) elected each of the director nominees, (2) ratified the selection of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP as our independent registered public accountants for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2007, and (3) approved the adoption of the Amended and Restated SunPower Corporation 2005 Stock Incentive Plan to increase by 925,000 the number of shares of class A shares of common stock reserved for issuance under the plan, to make certain changes to the compensation of director under the plan and to make certain other technical amendments to the plan. Each holder of shares of class A common stock was entitled to one vote for each share of class A common stock held as of the record date of March 21, 2007, and each holder of shares of class B common stock was entitled to eight votes for each share of class B common stock held as of such date. After giving effect to the increased voting power of class B common stock, the voting results were as follows:
1. | Proposal One Election of Directors: |
Number of Votes | ||||
For | Withheld | |||
T. J. Rodgers |
437,309,723 | 515,102 | ||
Thomas H. Werner |
437,314,956 | 514,778 | ||
W. Steve Albrecht |
437,038,492 | 243,871 | ||
Betsy S. Atkins |
437,038,816 | 238,638 | ||
Pat Wood III |
437,309,431 | 244,163 |
2. Proposal Two Ratification of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP:
Number of Votes | ||||||
For |
Against |
Abstain |
Broker Non-Votes | |||
437,518,712 |
24,872 | 10,010 | 0 |
3. Proposal Three Adoption of the Amended and Restated SunPower Corporation 2005 Stock Incentive Plan:
Number of Votes | ||||||
For |
Against |
Abstain |
Broker Non-Votes | |||
420,704,544 |
11,809,663 | 20,588 | 5,018,800 |
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Item 6. | Exhibits |
Exhibit Number |
Description | |
10.1 | Lease Agreement, dated February 9, 1996, by and between Hawthorne/Stone Property Management, Inc., and PowerLight Corporation (as amended on January 20, 2000, September 13, 2001, January 4, 2002, May 6, 2002, February 20, 2003, December 18, 2003, May 12, 2004, February 3, 2005, February 28, 2005, August 17, 2005, January 26, 2006 and May 11, 2007). | |
10.2 | Engineering, Procurement and Construction Agreement, dated as of March 30, 2007, by and between Solar Star NAFB, LLC and PowerLight Corporation. | |
10.3 | Industrial Lease, dated May 12, 1999, between Temescal, L.P., Contra Costa Industrial Park, Ltd. and PowerLight Corporation (as amended on November 6, 2000 and January 22, 2004) | |
10.4 | Standard Industrial / Commercial Multi-Tenant Lease, dated December 15, 2006, by and between FPOC, LLC and PowerLight Corporation. | |
10.5 | Contract for the Delivery of Solar Cells, dated August 31, 2006 , between ErSol Energy AG and PowerLight Corporation | |
10.6 | Engineering, Procurement and Construction Agreement, dated as of March 26, 2007, by and between Agrupacion Solar Llerena-Badajoz 1, A.I.E., PowerLight Systems S.A. and Solarpack Corporacion Tecnologica, S.L. | |
10.7 | Letter Agreement to Unit Transfer Agreement, dated March 30, 2007, by and among Solar Star NAFB, LLC, PowerLight Corporation and MMA NAFB Power, LLC. | |
10.8 | Photovoltaic Module Master Supply Agreement, dated November 3, 2005, by and between Evergreen Solar, Inc., PowerLight Corporation and PowerLight Systems AG. | |
10.9 | Amendment One to Photovoltaic Module Master Supply Agreement, dated June 29, 2006, by and between Evergreen Solar, Inc., PowerLight Corporation and PowerLight Systems AG. | |
10.10 | Original Equipment Manufacturer Production of Photovoltaic Modules Agreement, dated December 6, 2006, between PowerLight Corporation and aleo solar AG (as amended on March 21, 2007). | |
10.11 | Master Supply Contract for Solar Cells, dated May 18, 2006, between Q-Cells Aktiengesellschaft and PowerLight Corporation. | |
10.12 | Contract for the Delivery of Solar Cells, dated January 12, 2007, between JingAo Solar Star Company, Ltd and PowerLight Corporation. | |
10.13 | Unit Transfer Agreement, dated March 21, 2007, by and among Solar Star NAFB, LLC, PowerLight Corporation and MMA NAFB Power, LLC. | |
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. |
| Confidential treatment has been requested for portions of this exhibit. |
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Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.
SUNPOWER CORPORATION | ||||||||
Dated: May 11, 2007 |
By: | /S/ EMMANUEL T. HERNANDEZ |
||||||
Emmanuel T. Hernandez | ||||||||
Chief Financial Officer |
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