Edgar Filing: KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORP

Form 20-F

As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2016

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 20-F

(Mark One)

¨	REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

þ	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015

¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

¨	SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-13372

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


N/A		The Republic of Korea
*(Translation of registrant’s name into English)*		*(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)*

55 Jeollyeok-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58217, Korea

(Address of principal executive offices)

Younseung Lee, +82 61 345 4218, winstraight@kepco.co.kr, +82 61 345 4299

(Name, telephone, e-mail and/or facsimile number and address of company contact person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class:		Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common stock, par value Won 5,000 per share		New York Stock Exchange*
American depositary shares, each representing one-half of share of common stock		New York Stock Exchange

*	Not for trading, but only in connection with the listing of American depositary shares on the New York Stock Exchange, pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:

One Hundred Year 7.95% Zero-to-Full Debentures, due April 1, 2096

6% Debentures due December 1, 2026

7% Debentures due February 1, 2027

6³/₄% Debentures due August 1, 2027

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the last full fiscal year

covered by the annual report:

641,964,077 shares of common stock, par value of Won 5,000 per share

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes þ No ¨

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Yes ¨ No þ

Note—Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files): Yes ¨ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer þ Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP ¨ International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board þ Other ¨

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow. Item 17 ¨ Item 18 ¨

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No þ

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court. Yes ¨ No ¨

TABLE OF CONTENTS


			Page
PART I				2
ITEM 1.	IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS			2
ITEM 2.	OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE			2
ITEM 3.	KEY INFORMATION			2
	Item 3.A.	Selected Financial Data		2
	Item 3.B.	Capitalization and Indebtedness		4
	Item 3.C.	Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds		4
	Item 3.D.	Risk Factors		4
ITEM 4.	INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY			23
	Item 4.A.	History and Development of the Company		23
	Item 4.B.	Business Overview		24
	Item 4.C.	Organizational Structure		69
	Item 4.D.	Property, Plant and Equipment		72
ITEM 4A.	UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS			72
ITEM 5.	OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS			72
	Item 5.A.	Operating Results		73
	Item 5.B.	Liquidity and Capital Resources		87
	Item 5.C.	Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.		91
	Item 5.D.	Trend Information		92
	Item 5.E.	Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements		92
	Item 5.F.	Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations		92
ITEM 6.	DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES			99
	Item 6.A.	Directors and Senior Management		99
	Item 6.B.	Compensation		104
	Item 6.C.	Board Practices		104
	Item 6.D.	Employees		104
	Item 6.E.	Share Ownership		105
ITEM 7.	MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS			105
	Item 7.A.	Major Shareholders		105
	Item 7.B.	Related Party Transactions		106
	Item 7.C.	Interests of Experts and Counsel		106
ITEM 8.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION			106
	Item 8.A.	Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information		106
	Item 8.B.	Significant Changes		108
ITEM 9.	THE OFFER AND LISTING			108
	Item 9.A.	Offer and Listing Details		108
	Item 9.B.	Plan of Distribution		110
	Item 9.C.	Markets		110
	Item 9.D.	Selling Shareholders		113
	Item 9.E.	Dilution		113
	Item 9.F.	Expenses of the Issue		113
ITEM 10.	ADDITIONAL INFORMATION			114
	Item 10.A.	Share Capital		114
	Item 10.B.	Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation		114
	Item 10.C.	Material Contracts		121
	Item 10.D.	Exchange Controls		121
	Item 10.E.	Taxation		126
	Item 10.F.	Dividends and Paying Agents		137
	Item 10.G.	Statements by Experts		137
	Item 10.H.	Documents on Display		137
	Item 10.I.	Subsidiary Information		137


			Page
ITEM 11.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK			138
ITEM 12.	DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES			143
	Item 12.A.	Debt Securities		143
	Item 12.B.	Warrants and Rights		143
	Item 12.C.	Other Securities		143
	Item 12.D.	American Depositary Shares		144
PART II				146
ITEM 13.	DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES			146
ITEM 14.	MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS			146
ITEM 15.	CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES			146
ITEM 16.	[RESERVED]			147
ITEM 16A.	AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT			147
ITEM 16B.	CODE OF ETHICS			147
ITEM 16C.	PRINCIPAL AUDITOR FEES AND SERVICES			147
ITEM 16D.	EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEE			148
ITEM 16E.	PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS			148
ITEM 16F.	CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT			148
ITEM 16G.	CORPORATE GOVERNANCE			148
ITEM 16H.	MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE			153
PART III				154
ITEM 17.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS			154
ITEM 18.	FINANCIAL STATEMENTS			154
ITEM 19.	EXHIBITS			154

CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS AND CONVENTIONS

All references to “Korea” or the “Republic” in this annual report on Form 20-F, or this annual report, are references to the Republic of Korea. All references to the “Government” in this annual report are references to the government of the Republic. All references to “we,” “us,” “our,” “ours,” the “Company” or “KEPCO” in this annual report are references to Korea Electric Power Corporation and, as the context may require, its subsidiaries, and the possessive thereof, as applicable. All references to “the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy” and “the Ministry of Strategy and Finance” include the respective predecessors thereof. All references to “tons” are to metric tons, equal to 1,000 kilograms, or 2,204.6 pounds. Any discrepancies in any table between totals and the sums of the amounts listed are due to rounding. All references to “IFRS” in this annual report are references to the International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board. Unless otherwise stated, all of our financial information presented in this annual report has been prepared on a consolidated basis and in accordance with IFRS.

In addition, in this annual report, all references to:

•

“EWP” are to Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.,

•

“KHNP” are to Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.,

•

“KOMIPO” are to Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.,

•

“KOSEP” are to Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.,

•

“KOSPO” are to Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd., and

•

“KOWEPO” are to Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.,

each of which is our wholly-owned generation subsidiary.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This annual report includes “forward-looking statements” (as defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), including statements regarding our expectations and projections for future operating performance and business prospects. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “project” and similar words used in connection with any discussion of our future operation or financial performance identify forward-looking statements. In addition, all statements other than statements of historical facts included in this annual report are forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. We caution you not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this annual report.

This annual report discloses, under the caption Item 3.D. “Risk Factors” and elsewhere, important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations (“Cautionary Statements”). All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the Cautionary Statements.

PART I

ITEM 1.

IDENTITY OF DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND ADVISERS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2.

OFFER STATISTICS AND EXPECTED TIMETABLE

Not applicable.

ITEM 3.

KEY INFORMATION

Item 3.A. Selected Financial Data

The selected consolidated financial data set forth below as of and for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with IFRS.

You should read the following data with the more detailed information contained in Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects” and our consolidated financial statements included in Item 18. “Financial Statements.” Historical results do not necessarily predict future results.

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) Data


	2011			2012			2013			2014			2015
	(in billions of Won and millions of US$, except per share data)⁽¹⁾
Sales	￦	43,175		￦	49,121		￦	53,713		￦	57,123		￦	58,582		$	50,100
Cost of sales		42,725			48,460			50,596			49,763			45,458			38,876
Gross profit		450			661			3,117			7,360			13,124			11,224
Selling and administrative expenses		1,752			1,780			1,923			1,924			2,153			1,841
Other gains (losses)		166			(1,782	)		129			107			8,611			7,364
Operating profit (loss)		(685	)		(2,300	)		1,948			6,209			20,281			17,345
Finance income (expense), net		(1,911	)		(1,940	)		(2,302	)		(2,255	)		(1,832	)		(1,567	)
Income (loss) before income taxes		(2,473	)		(4,063	)		(396	)		4,229			18,656			15,955
Income tax (expense) benefit		(820	)		985			571			(1,430	)		(5,239	)		(4,480	)
Profit (loss) for the period		(3,293	)		(3,078	)		174			2,799			13,416			11,474
Other comprehensive income (loss)		(262	)		(322	)		186			(358	)		34			29
Total comprehensive income (loss)		(3,555	)		(3,400	)		360			2,441			13,450			11,503
Profit (loss) attributable to:
Owners of the Company		(3,370	)		(3,167	)		60			2,687			13,289			11,365
Non-controlling interests		77			89			114			112			127			109
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to:
Owners of the Company		(3,628	)		(3,448	)		245			2,336			13,308			11,381
Non-controlling interests		73			48			115			105			142			121
Earnings (loss) per share
Basic⁽²⁾		(5,411	)		(5,083	)		96			4,290			20,701			17.70
Earnings (loss) per ADS
Basic⁽²⁾		(2,706	)		(2,542	)		48			2,145			10,351			8.85
Dividends per share		—			—			90			500			3,100			2.65

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position Data


	As of December 31,
	2011			2012			2013			2014			2015
	(in billions of Won and millions of US$, except share and per share data)
Net working capital deficit⁽³⁾	￦	(3,973	)	￦	(4,884	)	￦	(4,945	)	￦	(4,780	)	￦	(686	)	$	(587	)
Property, plant and equipment, net		112,385			122,376			129,638			135,812			141,361			120,894
Total assets		136,468			146,153			155,527			163,708			175,257			149,882
Total shareholders’ equity		53,804			51,064			51,451			54,825			67,942			58,105
Equity attributable to owners of the Company		53,270			49,889			50,260			53,601			66,634			56,986
Non-controlling interests		534			1,175			1,191			1,224			1,308			1,119
Share capital		3,210			3,210			3,210			3,210			3,210			2,745
Number of common shares as adjusted to reflect any changes in capital stock		641,964,077			641,964,077			641,964,077			641,964,077			641,964,077			641,964,077
Long-term debt (excluding current portion)		39,198			45,525			52,801			55,720			50,907			43,536
Other long term liabilities		25,725			30,747			31,062			31,563			33,697			28,818

Notes:

(1)	The financial information denominated in Won as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015 has been translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of Won 1,169.3 to US$1.00, which was the Noon Buying Rate as of December 31, 2015.

(2)

Basic earnings per share are calculated by dividing net income available to holders of our common shares by the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding for the relevant period. Dilutive loss per share is not presented as such amount was anti-dilutive for the periods indicated.

(3)	Net working capital is defined as current assets minus current liabilities. For the periods indicated, current liabilities exceeded current assets, which gave rise to working capital deficit.

Currency Translations and Exchange Rates

In this annual report, unless otherwise indicated, all references to “Won,” “KRW” or “￦” are to the currency of Korea, all references to “U.S. dollars,” “Dollars,” “$” or “US$” are to the currency of the United States of America, all references to “Euro” or “€” are references to the currency of the European Union, all references to “Yen” or “¥” are references to the currency of Japan, all references to “A$” are to the currency of Australia and all references to “RMB” are to the currency of the People’s Republic of China. Unless otherwise indicated, all translations from Won to U.S. dollars were made at Won 1,169.3 to US$1.00, which was the noon buying rate of the Federal Reserve Board (the “Noon Buying Rate”) in effect as of December 31, 2015, which rates are available on the H.10 statistical release of the Federal Reserve Board. On April 15, 2016, the Noon Buying Rate was Won 1,144.8 to US$1.00. The exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and Korean Won may be highly volatile from time to time and the U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this annual report should not be relied upon as an accurate reflection of our results of operations. No representation is made that the Won or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this annual report could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or Won, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.

The following table sets forth, for the periods and dates indicated, certain information concerning the Noon Buying Rate in Won per US$1.00.


Year Ended December 31,	At End of Period		Average⁽¹⁾		High		Low
	(Won per US$1.00)
2011		1,158.5		1,105.2		1,197.5		1,049.2
2012		1,063.2		1,119.6		1,185.0		1,063.2
2013		1,055.3		1,094.6		1,161.3		1,050.1
2014		1,090.9		1,054.0		1,117.7		1,008.9
2015		1,169.3		1,133.7		1,196.4		1,063.0
October		1,140.5		1,143.2		1,180.0		1,120.9
November		1,149.4		1,153.5		1,172.7		1,136.5
December		1,169.3		1,169.9		1,188.0		1,140.7
2016 (through April 15)		1,144.8		1,183.0		1,242.6		1,138.9
January		1,210.0		1,203.3		1,217.0		1,190.4
February		1,238.1		1,216.2		1,242.6		1,186.1
March		1,138.9		1,181.6		1,229.6		1,138.9
April (through April 15)		1,144.8		1,149.8		1,158.4		1,142.0

Source: Federal Reserve Board

Note:

(1)

The average rates for annual and interim periods were calculated by taking the simple average of the Noon Buying Rates on the last day of each month during the relevant period. The average rates for the monthly periods (or portion thereof) were calculated by taking the simple average of the daily Noon Buying Rates during the relevant month (or portion thereof).

Item 3.B. Capitalization and Indebtedness

Not Applicable

Item 3.C. Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds

Not Applicable

Item 3.D. Risk Factors

Our business and operations are subject to various risks, many of which are beyond our control. If any of the risks described below actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be seriously harmed.

Risks Relating to KEPCO

Increases in fuel prices will adversely affect our results of operations and profitability as we may not be able to pass on the increased cost to customers at a sufficient level or on a timely basis.

Fuel costs constituted 25.9% and 33.3% of our sales and cost of sales, respectively, in 2015. Our generation subsidiaries purchase substantially all of the fuel that they use (except for anthracite coal) from suppliers outside Korea at prices determined in part by prevailing market prices in currencies other than Won. For example, most of the bituminous coal requirements (which accounted for approximately 46.2% of our entire fuel requirements in 2015 in terms of electricity output) are imported principally from Australia and Indonesia and, to a lesser extent, Russia, the United States and others, which accounted for approximately 46%, 36%, 12%, 5% and 1%, respectively, of the annual bituminous coal requirements of our generation subsidiaries in 2015. Approximately

79% of the bituminous coal requirements of our generation subsidiaries in 2015 were purchased under long-term contracts and the remaining 21% from the spot market. Pursuant to the terms of our long-term supply contracts, prices are adjusted periodically based on prevailing market conditions. In addition, our generation subsidiaries purchase a significant portion of their fuel requirements under contracts with limited duration. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Fuel.”

In recent years the prices of our main fuel types, namely, bituminous coal, oil and liquefied natural gas, or LNG have generally declined in tandem with their international market prices. For example, the average daily spot price of “free on board” Newcastle coal 6300 GAR published by Platts declined from US$70.3 per ton in 2014 to US$58.0 per ton in 2015 and was US$52.6 per ton as of April 15, 2016. The prices of oil and LNG are substantially dependent on the price of crude oil, and according to Bloomberg (Bloomberg Ticker: PGCRDUBA), the average daily spot price of Dubai crude oil declined from US$96.6 per barrel in 2014 to US$51.1 per barrel in 2015 and to US$39.3 per barrel as of April 15, 2016. However, we cannot assure you that the fuel prices will remain at similarly low levels or will not significantly increase in the remainder of 2016 or thereafter. If fuel prices increase sharply in the future within a short span of time, our generation subsidiaries may be unable to secure requisite fuel supplies at prices commercially acceptable to them. In addition, any significant interruption or delay in the supply of fuel, bituminous coal in particular, from any of their suppliers may cause our generation subsidiaries to purchase fuel on the spot market at prices higher than the prices available under existing supply contracts, which would result in an increase in fuel costs.

Because the Government regulates the rates we charge for the electricity we sell to our customers (see Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates”), our ability to pass on fuel and other cost increases to our customers is limited. If fuel prices increase rapidly and substantially and the Government, out of concern for inflation or for other reasons, maintains the current level of electricity tariff or does not increase it to a level to sufficiently offset the impact of high fuel prices, the fuel price increases will negatively affect our profit margins or even cause us to suffer operating and/or net losses and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows would suffer. In addition, partly because the Government may have to undergo a lengthy deliberative process to approve an increase in electricity tariff, which represents a key component of the consumer price index, the electricity tariff may not be adjusted to a level sufficient to ensure a fair rate of return to us in a timely manner or at all, and we cannot assure that any future tariff increase by the Government will be sufficient to fully offset the adverse impact on our results of operations from current or potential rises in fuel costs. On the other hand, if fuel prices decrease, substantial political pressure may lead the Government to lower the level of electricity tariff in a relatively shorter period of time due to the lack of public opposition, which could negatively affect our profit margins and in turn our financial condition and results of operations.

The Government may adopt policy measures to substantially restructure the Korean electric power industry or our operational structure, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and profitability.

From time to time, the Government considers various policy initiatives to foster efficiency in the Korean electric power industry, and at times have adopted policy measures that have substantially modified our business and operations. For example, in January 1999, with the aim of introducing greater competition in the Korean electric power industry and thereby improving its efficiency, the Government announced a restructuring plan for the Korean electric power industry, or the Restructuring Plan. For a detailed description of the Restructuring Plan, see Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Restructuring of the Electric Power Industry in Korea.” As part of this initiative, in April 2001 the Government established the Korea Power Exchange to enable the sale and purchase of electricity through a competitive bidding process, established the Korea Electricity Commission to ensure fair competition in the Korean electric power industry, and, in order to promote competition in electricity generation, split off our electricity generation business to form one nuclear generation company and five thermal generation companies, in each case, to be wholly owned by us. In 2002, the Government introduced a plan to privatize one of our five thermal generation subsidiaries, but this plan was suspended indefinitely in 2003 due to prevailing market conditions and other policy considerations.

In August 2010, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced the Proposal for the Improvement in the Structure of the Electric Power Industry, which includes maintaining the current structure of us and our six generation subsidiaries. Pursuant to this proposal, in January 2011 the six generation subsidiaries were officially designated as “market-oriented public enterprises,” whereupon the President of Korea appoints the president and the standing director who is to become a member of the audit committee of each such subsidiary; the selection of non-standing directors of each such subsidiary is subject to approval by the minister of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance; the president of each such subsidiary is required to enter into a management contract directly with the minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy; and the Committee for Management of Public Institutions conducts performance evaluation of such subsidiaries. Previously, our president appointed the president and the statutory auditor of each such subsidiary; the selection of non-standing directors of each such subsidiary was subject to approval by our president; the president of each such subsidiary entered into a management contract with our president; and our evaluation committee conducted performance evaluation of such subsidiaries.

Other than as set forth above and except as described below under “—The newly adopted vesting contract system may not achieve desired benefits.”, we are not aware of any specific plans by the Government to resume the implementation of the Restructuring Plan or otherwise change the current structure of the electric power industry or the operations of us or our generation subsidiaries in the near future. However, for reasons relating to changes in policy considerations, socio-political, economic and market conditions and/or other factors, the Government may resume the implementation of the Restructuring Plan or initiate other steps that may change the structure of the Korean electric power industry or the operations of us or our generation subsidiaries. Any such measures may have a negative effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the Government, which beneficially owns a majority of our shares and exercises significant control over our business and operations, may from time to time pursue policy initiatives with respect to our business and operations, and such initiatives may vary from the interest and objectives of our other shareholders.

The newly adopted vesting contract system may not achieve desired benefits.

On May 20, 2014, the Electricity Business Act was amended, with effect from November 21, 2014, to introduce a “vesting contract” system in determining the price and quantity of electricity to be sold and purchased between the purchaser of electricity (namely, us) and the sellers of electricity (namely, our generation subsidiaries and independent power producers). The application of adjusted coefficient will gradually cease and will be replaced by the vesting contract system.

Under the vesting contract system as currently contemplated by the amended Electricity Business Act and the Enforcement Decree of the Electricity Business Act, electricity generators using base load fuels (such as nuclear, coal, hydro and by-product gas) at a particular generation unit will be required to enter into a contract with the purchaser of electricity (namely, us), which will specify, among other things, the quantity of electricity to be generated and sold at a particular generation unit and the price at which such electricity will be sold. The contracted quantity will be subject to annual adjustment in consideration of past generation amounts, maintenance and overhaul periods, among others. The contracted price will be subject to monthly adjustment largely depending on the fuel price movements, provided that in the event of a drastic change in electricity tariff rates, inflation rate and the general market conditions of electricity supply and demand, the contracted price may be further adjusted on an as-needed basis. Generally, the contractual terms will be subject to prior consultation with the Korea Electricity Commission and approval by the Minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy in order to ensure fair and standardized application of the vesting contract system to all producers of electricity.

Under the settlement mechanism of the vesting contract system, an electricity producer is required to settle, among others, the difference between the contracted price and the market price of electricity sold at a given hour through the Korea Power Exchange (namely, the system marginal price), as multiplied by the contracted quantity of electricity. Under this settlement mechanism, assuming sale of electricity in the contracted quantity and further

assuming the system marginal price being higher than the contracted price, the consideration to be received by the seller of electricity net of the settlement amount will effectively amount to the product of the contracted quantity multiplied by the contracted price. If the seller sells a quantity of electricity exceeding the contracted quantity at a given hour, under the settlement mechanism and assuming the system marginal price being higher than the contracted price, the seller is entitled to an extra return (effectively, an incentive) equal to the product of the excess quantity multiplied by the difference between the system marginal price and the contracted price. On the other hand, if the seller sells a quantity of electricity falling short of the contracted quantity at a given hour, under the settlement mechanism and assuming the system marginal price being higher than the contracted price, the seller is required to pay an amount (effectively, a penalty) equal to the product of the shortfall quantity multiplied by the difference between the system marginal price and the contracted price. The foregoing notions of incentive and penalty are intended to minimize the additional cost of purchasing electricity at the higher system marginal price in the event that the seller of electricity fails to deliver the contracted quantity of electricity.

The vesting contract system was introduced principally in order to prevent excessive profit-taking by low-cost producers of electricity using base load fuels (such as nuclear, coal, hydro and by-product gas) by replacing the adjusted coefficient as the basis for determining the guaranteed return to generation companies, as well as to attain the following objectives. First, this system seeks to increase transactional certainty and stability of electricity supply and purchase by requiring that a relatively long-term (generally one-year) contract be entered in relation to electricity supply, which had been previously made entirely through what was effectively a spot market. Second, in order to foster responsible management of electricity supply by generation companies, the generation companies will become subject to minimum supply requirements and will be rewarded or penalized depending on whether they meet these requirements. Third, the introduction of standard contractual prices is designed to encourage cost savings and productivity enhancements on the part of the generation companies, who will be rewarded or penalized depending on whether they can supply electricity at such standard contractual prices.

In order to minimize undue impact on the electricity trading market in Korea, the vesting contract system will be implemented in phases. Vesting contracts have been entered in February 2015 between us and two independent power producers of by-product gas-based electricity (namely, POSCO Energy and Hyundai Green Power) at a contractual price set a level at which the vesting contract system replaced the adjustment coefficient mechanism previously in effect with equal economic effect. By-product gas-based electricity accounted for 1.8% of electricity purchased by us in 2015. We expect to enter into vesting contracts with independent power producers which own coal power plants that are expected to begin operation in 2016. Since the vesting contract system is still in the early stages of implementation and many of the related details are still being finalized, it presently remains unclear in what final form the vesting contract system will actually operate, whether the vesting contract system will be able to achieve the desired results and whether there will be any adverse unintended consequences from the application of the system, and no assurance can be given that such system will not adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition in the future. See Item 4.B. “Business—Purchase of Electricity—Vesting Contract System.”

Our capacity expansion plans, which are based on projections on long-term supply and demand of electricity in Korea, may prove to be inadequate.

We and our generation subsidiaries make plans for expanding or upgrading our generation capacity based on the Basic Plan Relating to the Long-Term Supply and Demand of Electricity, or the Basic Plan, which is generally revised and announced every two years by the Government. In July 2015, the Government announced the Seventh Basic Plan relating to the future supply and demand of electricity. The Seventh Basic Plan, which is effective for the period from 2015 to 2029, focuses on, among other things, (i) ensuring a stable supply of electricity, (ii) increasing the portion of low carbon electricity supply sources, (iii) active consumer demand management, (iv) permanent closing of operations of the Kori #1 nuclear power unit, and (v) diversifying electricity supply sources by utilizing renewable energy sources.

On January 13, 2014, prior to the announcement of the Seventh Basic Plan, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy adopted the Second Basic National Energy Plan following consultations with representatives from civic groups, the power industry and academia. The Second Basic National Energy Plan, which is a comprehensive plan that covers the entire spectrum of energy industries in Korea, covers the period from 2013 to 2035 (compared to 2008 to 2030 under the First Basic National Energy Plan) and focuses on the following six key tasks: (i) shifting the focus of energy policy to demand management with a goal of reducing electricity demand by 15% by 2035, (ii) establishing a geographically decentralized electricity generation system so as to reduce transmission losses with a goal of supplying at least 15% of total electricity through such system by 2035, (iii) applying latest greenhouse gas emission reduction technologies to newly constructed generation units in order to further promote safety and environmental friendliness, (iv) strengthening exploration and procurement capabilities to enhance Korea’s energy security and to ensure stable supply of energy and increasing the portion of electricity supplied from renewable sources to 11% by 2035, (v) reinforcing the system for stable supply of conventional energy, such as oil and gas, and (vi) introducing in 2015 an energy voucher system in lieu of a tariff discount system for the benefit of consumers in the low income group. In addition, the Second Basic National Energy Plan has revised the target level of electricity generated by nuclear sources as a percentage of total electricity generated to 29%, compared to 41% under the First Basic National Energy Plan announced in 2008.

We cannot assure that the Seventh Basic Plan, the Second Basic National Energy Plan or the respective plans to be subsequently adopted will successfully achieve their intended goals, the foremost of which is to ensure, through carefully calibrated capacity expansion and other means, balanced overall electricity supply and demand in Korea at affordable costs to end users while promoting efficiency and environmental friendliness in the consumption and production of electricity. If there is a significant variance between the projected electricity supply and demand considered in planning our capacity expansions and the actual electricity supply and demand or if these plans otherwise fail to meet their intended goals or have other unintended consequences, this may result in inefficient use of our capital, mispricing of electricity and undue financing costs on the part of us and our generation subsidiaries, among others, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

From time to time, we may experience temporary power shortages or circumstances bordering on power shortages due to factors beyond our control, such as extreme weather conditions. Such circumstances may lead to increased end-user complaints and greater public scrutiny, which may in turn result in our need to modify our capacity expansion plans, and if we were to substantially modify our capacity plans, this may result in additional capital expenditures, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Although the Government has increasingly expanded its efforts to encourage conservation of electricity, including through a public relations campaign, there is no assurance that such efforts will have the desired effect of substantially reducing the demand for electricity or improving efficient use thereof.

We may require a substantial amount of additional indebtedness to refinance existing debt and for future capital expenditures.

We anticipate that a substantial amount of additional indebtedness will be required in the coming years in order to refinance existing debt, make capital expenditures for construction of generation plants and other facilities and/or make acquisitions and investments related to overseas businesses. In 2013, 2014 and 2015, our capital expenditures for construction of generation, transmission and distribution facilities amounted to Won 15,831 billion, Won 16,629 billion and Won 15,750 billion, respectively, and our budgeted capital expenditures for 2016, 2017 and 2018 amount to Won 15,617 billion, Won 14,307 billion and Won 13,842 billion, respectively.

Won 5.4 trillion in 2016 to expand new energy related businesses. Our actual budget for such projects will be decided after internal evaluation and discussions with the Government. Although the exact amount has yet to be decided, we expect that our capital expenditure relating to new energy industry projects may eventually lead to a significant increase in our capital expenditure in 2016 and thereafter. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Recent Developments—New Energy Industry Projects.”

While we currently do not expect to face any material difficulties in procuring short-term borrowings to meet our liquidity and short-term capital requirements, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so. We expect that a portion of our long-term debt will need to be paid or refinanced through foreign currency-denominated borrowings and capital raising in international capital markets. Such financing may not be available on terms commercially acceptable to us or at all, especially if the global financial markets experience significant turbulence or a substantial reduction in liquidity or due to other factors beyond our control. If we are unable to obtain financing on commercially acceptable terms on a timely basis, or at all, we may be unable to meet our funding requirements for capital expenditures or debt repayment obligations, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

In light of the general policy guideline of the Government for public institutions (including us and our generation subsidiaries) to reduce their respective overall debt levels, we and our generation subsidiaries have, in consultation with the Government and as approved by the Committee for Management of Public Institutions, set target debt-to-equity levels and undertaken various programs to reduce debt and improve the overall financial health, including through rationalizing various aspects of our operations (both domestic and overseas), engaging private sector investments, disposing non-core assets, reducing costs and exploring alternative ways to generate additional revenue. For further information, see Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Debt Reduction Program and Related Activities.” Despite our best efforts, however, for reasons beyond our control, including macroeconomic environments, government regulations and market forces (such as international market prices for our fuels), we cannot assure whether we or our generation subsidiaries will be able to successfully reduce debt burdens or otherwise improve our financial health to a level contemplated by the Government or to a level that would be optimal for our capital structure. If we or our generation subsidiaries fail to do so or the measures taken by us or our generation subsidiaries to reduce debt levels or improve financial health have unintended adverse consequences, such developments may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The movement of Won against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may have a material adverse effect on us.

The Won has fluctuated significantly against major currencies from time to time. Depreciation of Won against U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies typically results in a material increase in the cost of fuel and equipment purchased by us from overseas since the prices for substantially all of the fuel materials and a significant portion of the equipment we purchase are denominated in currencies other than Won, generally in U.S. dollars. Changes in foreign exchange rates may also impact the cost of servicing our foreign currency-denominated debt. As of December 31, 2015, approximately 21.2% of our long-term debt (including the current portion but excluding issue discounts and premium) before accounting for swap transactions, was denominated in foreign currencies, principally U.S. dollars. In addition, even if we make payments in Won for certain fuel materials and equipment, some of these fuel materials may originate from other countries and their prices may be affected accordingly by the exchange rates between the Won and foreign currencies, especially the U.S. dollar. Since the substantial majority of our revenues are denominated in Won, we must generally obtain foreign currencies through foreign currency-denominated financings or from foreign currency exchange markets to make such purchases or service such debt. As a result, any significant depreciation of Won against the U.S. dollar or other major foreign currencies will have a material adverse effect on our profitability and results of operations.

We may not be successful in implementing new business strategies.

As part of our overall business strategy, we plan to (i) strengthen competitiveness in our core operations by enhancing efficiency of our generation, transmission and distribution networks and related facilities, (ii) expand

and develop new businesses by diversifying our overseas business and actively addressing climate change, (iii) create a platform for future growth by developing an ecosystem focused on new energy technologies, and (iv) strengthen our management system for sustainable growth.

Due to their inherent uncertainties, such new and expanded strategic initiatives expose us to a number of risks and challenges, including the following:

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new and expanded business activities may require unanticipated capital expenditures and involve additional compliance requirements;

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new and expanded business activities may result in less growth or profit than we currently anticipate, and there can be no assurance that such business activities will become profitable at the level we desire or at all;

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certain of our new and expanded businesses, particularly in the areas of renewable energy, require substantial government subsidies to become profitable, and such subsidies may be substantially reduced or entirely discontinued;

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we may fail to identify and enter into new business opportunities in a timely fashion, putting us at a disadvantage vis-à-vis competitors, particularly in overseas markets; and

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we may need to hire or retrain personnel to supervise and conduct the relevant business activities.

As part of our business strategy, we may also seek, evaluate or engage in potential acquisitions, mergers, joint ventures, strategic alliances, restructurings, combinations, rationalizations, divestments or other similar opportunities. The prospects of these initiatives are uncertain, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully implement or grow new ventures, and these ventures may prove more difficult or costly than what we originally anticipated. In addition, we regularly review the profitability and growth potential of our existing and new businesses. As a result of such review, we may decide to exit from or to reduce the resources that we allocate to new or existing ventures in the future. There is a risk that these ventures may not achieve profitability or operational efficiencies to the extent originally anticipated, and we may fail to recover investments or expenditures that we have already made. Any of the foregoing may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

We plan to pursue overseas expansion opportunities that may subject us to different or greater risks than those associated with our domestic operations.

While our operations have, to-date, been primarily based in Korea, we may expand, on a selective basis, our overseas operations in the future. In particular, we may further diversify the geographic focus of our operations from Asia to the rest of the world, including the resource-rich Middle East, Australia and Africa, as well as expand our project portfolio to include the construction and operation of conventional thermal generation units, nuclear generation units and renewable energy power plants and mining and development of fuel sources.

Overseas operations generally carry risks that are different from those we face in our domestic operations. These risks include:

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challenges of complying with multiple foreign laws and regulatory requirements, including tax laws and laws regulating our operations and investments;

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volatility of overseas economic conditions, including fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates;

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difficulties in enforcing creditors’ rights in foreign jurisdictions;

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risk of expropriation and exercise of sovereign immunity where the counterparty is a foreign government;

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difficulties in establishing, staffing and managing foreign operations;

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differing labor regulations;

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political and economic instability, natural calamities, war and terrorism;

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lack of familiarity with local markets and competitive conditions;

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changes in applicable laws and regulations in Korea that affect foreign operations; and

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obstacles to the repatriation of earnings and cash.

Any failure by us to recognize or respond to these differences may adversely affect the success of our operations in those markets, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Furthermore, while we seek to enter into business opportunities in a prudent and selective manner, some of our new international business ventures, such as mining and resource exploration, carry inherent risks that are different from our traditional business of electricity power generation, transmission and distribution. While these new businesses in the aggregate currently do not comprise a material portion of our overall business, as we are relatively inexperienced in these types of businesses, the actual revenues and profitability from, and investments and expenditures into, these business ventures may be substantially different from what we planned or anticipated and have a material adverse impact on our overall business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

An increase in electricity generated by and/or sourced from private power producers may erode our market position and hurt our business, growth prospects, revenues and profitability.

As of December 31, 2015, we and our generation subsidiaries owned approximately 75.0% of the total electricity generation capacity in Korea (excluding plants generating electricity for private or emergency use). New entrants to the electricity business will erode our market share and create significant competition, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

In particular, we compete with independent power producers with respect to electricity generation. The independent power generators accounted for 17% of total power generation in 2015 and 25% of total generation capacity as of December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, there were ten independent power generators in Korea, excluding renewable energy producers. Prior to December 2010, private enterprises had not been permitted to own and operate coal-fired power plants in Korea. However, the Fifth Basic Plan announced in December 2010 included for the first time a plan for independent power producers to own and operate coal-fired power plants, and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy approved plans for independent power producers to construct coal-fired power plants under the Sixth Basic Plan announced in February 2013. The Seventh Basic Plan announced in July 2015 further elaborated such plans, and ten coal-fired units with aggregate generation capacity of 8,610 megawatts are scheduled to be completed between 2016 and 2022 under the Seventh Basic Plan. While it remains to be seen whether construction of these generation units will be completed as scheduled, if these units were to be completed as scheduled and/or independent power producers are permitted to build additional generation capacity (whether coal-fired or not), our market share in Korea may decrease, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

generation subsidiaries in the aggregate. We currently do not expect the Community Energy System to be widely adopted, especially in light of the significant level of capital expenditure required for such direct supply. However, if the Community Energy System is widely adopted, it may erode our currently dominant market position in the generation and distribution of electricity in Korea and may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. For further details of the Community Energy System, see Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Competition.”

Labor unrest may adversely affect our operations.

We and each of our generation subsidiaries have separate labor unions. As of December 31, 2015, approximately 69.5% of our and our generation subsidiaries’ employees in the aggregate were members of these labor unions. Since a six-week labor strike in 2002 by union members of our generation subsidiaries in response to a proposed privatization of one of our generation subsidiaries, there has been no material labor dispute. However, we cannot assure you that there will not be a major labor strike or other material disruptions of operations by the labor unions of us and our generation subsidiaries if the Government resumes privatization or other restructuring initiatives or for other reasons, which may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Relocation of our headquarters and those of our generation subsidiaries may reduce our operational efficiency.

Pursuant to a Government plan announced in 2005, which mandated relocation of the headquarters of select government-invested enterprises, including us and our six generation and certain other subsidiaries, from the Seoul metropolitan area to other provinces in Korea as part of an initiative to foster balanced economic growth in the provinces, we and certain of our generation and other subsidiaries recently relocated our respective headquarters to the designated locations. Following relocation in November 2014, our headquarters are currently located in Naju in Jeollanam-do Province, which is approximately 300 kilometers south of Seoul. The designated locations for the headquarters of our six generation subsidiaries and other subsidiaries are various cities outside of Seoul across Korea. There is no assurance yet that, following such relocation, we have been or will be able to maintain the prior level of operational efficiency due to geographic dispersion of our business units.

Operation of nuclear power generation facilities inherently involves numerous hazards and risks, any of which could result in a material loss of revenues or increased expenses.

Through KHNP, we currently operate 24 nuclear-fuel generation units. Operation of nuclear power plants is subject to certain hazards, including environmental hazards such as leaks, ruptures and discharge of toxic and radioactive substances and materials. These hazards can cause personal injuries or loss of life, severe damage to or destruction of property and natural resources, pollution or other environmental damage, clean-up responsibilities, regulatory investigation and penalties and suspension of operations. Nuclear power has a stable and relatively inexpensive cost structure (which is least costly among the fuel types used by our generation subsidiaries) and is the second largest source of Korea’s electricity supply, accounting for 31.5% of electricity generated in Korea in 2015. Due to significantly lower unit fuel costs compared to those for thermal power plants, our nuclear power plants are generally operated at full capacity with only routine shutdowns for fuel replacement and maintenance, with limited exceptions.

From time to time, our nuclear generation units may experience unexpected shutdowns. Any prolonged or substantial breakdown, failure or suspension of operation of a nuclear unit could result in a material loss of revenues, an increase in fuel costs related to the use of alternative power sources, additional repair and maintenance costs, greater risk of litigation and increased social and political hostility to the use of nuclear power, any of which could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

In response to the damage to the nuclear facilities (including nuclear meltdowns) in Japan as a result of the tsunami and earthquake in March 2011, the Government announced plans to further enhance the safety and

security of nuclear power facilities, including by establishing the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (“NSSC”) in July 2011 for neutral and independent safety appraisals, subjecting nuclear power plants to additional safety inspections by governmental authorities and civic groups and requiring KHNP to prepare a comprehensive safety improvement plan. As a result of the foregoing, as well as a generally higher level of public and regulatory scrutiny of nuclear power following the nuclear incident in Japan, KHNP adopted and implemented a significant number of measures to improve the safety and efficiency of its generation facilities. Such measures include, but are not limited to, installing additional automatic shut-down systems for earthquakes, extending coastal barriers for seismic waves, procuring mobile power generators and storage batteries, installing passive hydrogen removers at nuclear facilities and improving the radiology emergency medical system. We have incurred Won 286.9 billion from 2011 through 2015 to implement these measures.

Findings of falsified testing results and bribery and the subsequent prolonged shutdowns of certain of our nuclear generation units may adversely hurt our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

In May 2013, the NSSC announced that it discovered certain control cables used in three of our then-operating nuclear generation units, Shin-Kori #1 and #2, Shin-Wolsong #1, and three units under construction, Shin-Kori #3 and #4 and Shin-Wolsong #2, had been supplied based on forged testing results. These parts were custom-made and have critical functions in the case of emergency for activating certain safety signals. The forgery was made by a testing facility in charge of performance evaluation of the parts before delivery.

Upon such discovery, KHNP immediately conducted internal investigation of related certification documents and reported to the Prosecutor’s Office all testing facilities and suppliers suspected of forgery for further investigation. The NSSC, with the full cooperation of KHNP, has also conducted a full scale investigation on the integrity of all testing results at all of our nuclear generation units. In addition, the Prosecutor’s Office has conducted extensive investigation on all parties suspected of having been involved in the forgery and has brought several criminal and civil charges, including against several of KHNP’s former and current officers and employees. In addition, one of KHNP’s former CEOs and several employees of KHNP were arrested on separate bribery charges brought by the Prosecutor’s Office as part of a wider investigation into the nuclear power industry in general, and in June 2013, KHNP’s then CEO was dismissed by the Government for failure of oversight. KHNP has been fully cooperating with the authorities on these investigations and has promptly taken all appropriate disciplinary actions against KHNP’s employees allegedly involved in such incidents. KHNP has also immediately suspended all current and future relationships with all of the entities alleged to have participated in any related illegal or improper activities. KHNP as an entity has not been subject to any criminal charges or sanctions.

Immediately following the discovery of the forgery incident, Shin-Kori #1 and #2 and Shin-Wolsong #1 were shut down in May 2013 for further safety inspections and resumed operations in January 2014 following parts replacement and approval by the NSSC. As a result of the shutdown, we incurred additional operating expenses, including as a result of having had to purchase electricity generated from more expensive fuel sources while the aforementioned nuclear plants were suspended from operation. Upon inspection, parts replacement and approval by the NSSC, construction of Shin-Wolsong #2 was completed and operations commenced in 2015. Shin-Kori #3 and #4 currently remain under construction.

The foregoing incidents follow a discovery in November 2012 that certain machinery parts, such as fuses and switches, used in KHNP’s nuclear-fuel generation units Hanbit #5 and Hanbit #6 had been supplied using forged quality certification documents. These parts were generic parts that were not essential to the function or safety of our nuclear generation, and the forgery was made by the suppliers of these parts. Following such discovery, relationships with these suppliers were immediately terminated and these units were shut down in November 2012 pending a Government investigation into the extent of the forgeries and the replacement of the

affected parts, and the NSSC performed inspections on all generic supply parts at all of KHNP’s nuclear-fuel generation units. Upon completion of such investigation and inspections, Hanbit #5 and Hanbit #6 resumed operation in December 2012 and January 2013, respectively.

These incidents have had a material adverse effect, and may have a further material adverse effect, on our reputation, business, results of operations, financial condition as well as the general acceptance of nuclear power, especially if, as a result of these incidents or otherwise, there are findings of other criminal or other illegal or improper activities or if there are additional shutdowns that lead to greater social and political concerns over nuclear safety to the effect of impeding with our normal operation of nuclear generation units.

In response to these incidents, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy has announced a number of measures to enhance the integrity, transparency and overall quality of the procurement, testing and verification processes with respect to parts used at KHNP’s nuclear generation units, including: (i) encouraging open hiring (including outside experts) to reduce opportunities for collusion, (ii) establishing a Government-supervised independent testing verification agency for nuclear generation parts, (iii) requiring KHNP to obtain testing results directly from testing facilities instead of indirectly from suppliers as has been its existing practice, (iv) increasing criminal and civil penalties for wrongdoings related to quality certifications, and (v) enhancing the transparency in KHNP’s procurement process. KHNP is actively implementing these measures and plans to continue doing so in the future. In addition, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy engaged TUV SUD, a German nuclear safety inspection organization, to conduct a comprehensive evaluation on the reliability of KHNP’s nuclear generation facilities, as well as the quality of its management systems for maintenance, engineering and quality assurance. TUV SUD issued a report in October 2013 that there are no material nuclear safety or operational reliability issues with respect to KHNP’s nuclear generation facilities.

In addition, KHNP has actively enhanced its internal compliance policies and procedures, including by: (i) comprehensively revamping its procurement department, (ii) enlarging the scope of nuclear generation parts that are subject to mandatory open bidding, (iii) significantly expanding the roles and responsibilities of its audit committee and quality control department, (iv) establishing a nuclear operation committee (comprised of KHNP, other companies in the nuclear generation sector and civic groups) to consult on all operational aspects of KHNP’s nuclear plants (including design, construction, operation and maintenance), and (v) reinforcing KHNP’s engineering department to further enhance safety control mechanisms for nuclear facilities and its external relations department to provide KHNP’s operational information to the public for better transparency.

We believe KHNP is in compliance in all material respects with its internal compliance policies and procedures and any other additional safety measures initiated by KHNP or required by regulatory and governmental agencies. In addition, the Prosecutor’s Office currently maintains a standing special task force in relation to nuclear safety-related issues, and we intend to provide our full cooperation as necessary and appropriate. However, no assurance can be given that, despite all the precautionary and reform measures undertaken by us, an incident that that could cause harm to our reputation and operation will not happen in the future, including due to factors beyond our control.

The construction and operation of our generation, transmission and distribution facilities involve difficulties, such as opposition from civic groups, which may have an adverse effect on us.

From time to time, we encounter social and political opposition against construction and operation of our generation facilities (particularly nuclear units) and, to a lesser extent, our transmission and distribution facilities. For example, we faced intense opposition from local residents and civic groups to the construction of transmission lines in the Milyang area, which we resolved through various compensatory and other support programs. Such opposition delayed the schedule for completion of this project. Although we and the Government have undertaken various community programs to address concerns of residents in areas near our facilities, civic and community opposition could result in delayed construction or relocation of our planned facilities, which could have a material adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

We are subject to environmental regulations, including in relation to climate change, and our operations could expose us to substantial liabilities.

We are subject to national, local and overseas environmental laws and regulations, including increasing pressure to reduce emission of carbon dioxide relating to our electricity generation activities as well as our natural resource development endeavors overseas. Our operations could expose us to the risk of substantial liability relating to environmental or health and safety issues, such as those resulting from discharge of pollutants and carbon dioxide into the environment and the handling, storage and disposal of hazardous materials. We may be responsible for the investigation and remediation of environmental conditions at current or former operational sites. We may also be subject to related liabilities (including liabilities for environmental damage, third party property damage or personal injury) resulting from lawsuits brought by governments or private litigants. In the course of our operations, hazardous wastes may be generated, disposed of or treated at third party-owned or -operated sites. If those sites become contaminated, we could also be held responsible for the cost of investigation and remediation of such sites for any related liabilities, as well as for civil or criminal fines or penalties.

We currently operate extensive programs to comply with various environmental regulations, including the Renewable Portfolio Standard program, under which each generation subsidiary is required to generate a specified percentage of total electricity to be generated by such generation subsidiary in a given year in the form of renewable energy, with the target percentage being 3.0% in 2014 and 2015 and incrementally increasing to 10.0% by 2024. Fines are to be levied on any subsidiary that fails to do so in the prescribed timeline. In 2014, all six of our generation subsidiaries met the target. Compliance by our generation subsidiaries of the 2015 target is currently under evaluation, and if our generation subsidiaries are found to have failed to meet the target for 2015 or for subsequent years, our generation subsidiaries may become subject to fines or other penalties. There is no assurance that such fine or other penalty will not be substantial, and if substantial, such fine or other penalty may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. We expect that any additional capital expenditure required for implementation of the Renewable Portfolio Standard program will be covered by a corresponding increase in electricity tariff. However, there is no assurance that the Government will in fact raise the electricity tariff to a level sufficient to fully cover such additional capital expenditures or at all.

Our environmental measures, including the use of environmentally friendly but more expensive parts and equipment and budgeting capital expenditures for the installation of such facilities, may result in increased operating costs and liquidity requirement. The actual cost of installation and operation of such equipment and related liquidity requirement will depend on a variety of factors which may be beyond our control. There is no assurance that we will continue to be in material compliance with legal or social standards or requirements in the future in relation to the environment, including in respect of climate change. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Environmental Programs.”

Newly adopted coal consumption tax may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and profitability.

On January 1, 2014, largely based on policy considerations of tax equity among different fuel types as well as environmental concerns, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance announced that, effective July 1, 2014, consumption tax will apply to bituminous coal, which previously was not subject to consumption tax unlike other fuel types such as LNG or bunker oil. Pursuant to the amended Individual Consumption Tax Act effective as of February 1, 2016, the base tax rate (which is subject to certain adjustments) is Won 24 per kilogram for bituminous coal; however, due to concerns on the potential adverse effect on industrial activities, the applicable tax rate is applied differently based on net heat generation amount. The applicable tax rate for bituminous coal is Won 21 per kilogram for net heat generation of less than 5,000 kilocalories, Won 24 per kilogram for net heat generation of 5,000 kilocalories to 5,500 kilocalories and Won 27 per kilogram for net heat generation of 5,500 kilocalories or more. In contrast, the applicable tax rate for LNG is Won 60 per kilogram. Since bituminous coal currently represents the largest fuel type for our electricity generation, accounting for

approximately 38.5% of our entire fuel requirements in 2015 in terms of electricity output, we expect the recently adopted consumption tax thereon will result in an increase of our overall fuel costs, notwithstanding the decrease in the consumption tax rate for LNG, which accounted for approximately 19.9% of our entire fuel requirements in 2015 in terms of electricity output. While we expect that such additional fuel costs will be covered by a corresponding increase in electricity tariff, there is no assurance that the Government will in fact raise electricity tariff to a level sufficient to fully cover such additional costs in a timely manner or at all, and if the Government does not do so, the increase in our overall fuel costs arising from the newly adopted coal consumption tax will adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our risk management procedures may not prevent losses in debt and foreign currency positions.

We manage interest rate exposure for our debt instruments by limiting our variable rate debt exposure as a percentage of our total debt and closely monitoring the movements in market interest rates. We also actively manage currency exchange rate exposure for our foreign currency-denominated liabilities by measuring the potential loss therefrom using risk analysis software and entering into derivative contracts to hedge such exposure when the possible loss reaches a certain risk limit. To the extent we have unhedged positions or our hedging and other risk management procedures do not work as planned, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

The amount and scope of coverage of our insurance are limited.

Substantial liability may result from the operations of our nuclear generation units, the use and handling of nuclear fuel and possible radioactive emissions associated with such nuclear fuel. KHNP carries insurance for its generation units and nuclear fuel transportation, and we believe that the level of insurance is generally adequate and is in compliance with relevant laws and regulations. In addition, KHNP is the beneficiary of Government indemnity which covers a portion of liability in excess of the insurance. However, such insurance is limited in terms of amount and scope of coverage and does not cover all types or amounts of losses which could arise in connection with the ownership and operation of nuclear plants. Accordingly, material adverse financial consequences could result from a serious accident or a natural disaster to the extent it is neither insured nor covered by the government indemnity.

In addition, our thermal generation subsidiaries carry insurance covering certain risks, including fire, in respect of their key assets, including buildings and equipment located at their respective power plants, construction-in-progress and imported fuel and procurement in transit. Such insurance and indemnity, however, cover only a portion of the assets that the thermal generation subsidiaries own and operate and do not cover all types or amounts of loss that could arise in connection with the ownership and operation of these power plants. In addition, unlike us, our generation subsidiaries are not permitted to self-insure, and accordingly have not self-insured, against risks of their uninsured assets or business. Accordingly, material adverse financial consequences could result from a serious accident to the extent it is uninsured.

In addition, because neither we nor our generation subsidiaries, other than KHNP, carry any insurance against terrorist attacks, an act of terrorism would result in significant financial losses. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Insurance.”

We may not be able to raise equity capital in the future without the participation of the Government.

Under applicable laws, the Government is required to directly or indirectly own at least 51% of our issued capital stock. As of March 8, 2016, the last day on which our shareholders’ registry was closed, the Government, directly and through Korea Development Bank (a statutory banking institution wholly owned by the Government), owned 51.1% of our issued capital stock. Accordingly, without changes in the existing Korean law, it may be difficult or impossible for us to undertake, without the participation of the Government, any equity financing in the future.

Following from the recent decision of the Supreme Court of Korea, we may be exposed to potential claims made by current or previous employees for unpaid wages for the past three years under the expanded scope of ordinary wages and become subject to additional labor costs arising from the broader interpretation of ordinary wages under such decision.

Under the Labor Standards Act, an employee is legally entitled to “ordinary wages.” Under the guidelines previously issued by the Ministry of Employment and Labor, ordinary wages include base salary and certain fixed monthly allowances for work performed overtime during night shifts and holidays. Prior to the Supreme Court decision described below, many companies in Korea had typically interpreted these guidelines as excluding from the scope of ordinary wages fixed bonuses that are paid other than on a monthly basis, namely on a bi-monthly, quarterly or semi-annual basis, although such interpretation had been a subject of controversy and had been overruled in a few court cases.

In December 2013, the Supreme Court of Korea ruled that regular bonuses fall under the category of ordinary wages on the condition that those bonuses are paid regularly and uniformly, and that any agreement which excludes such regular bonuses from ordinary wage is invalid. One of the key rulings provides that bonuses that are given to employees (i) on a regular and continuous basis and (ii) calculated according to the actual number of days worked (iii) that are not incentive-based must be included in the calculation of “ordinary wages.” The Supreme Court further ruled that in spite of invalidity of such agreements, employees shall not retroactively claim additional wages incurred due to such court decision, in case that such claims bring to employees unexpected benefits which substantially exceeds the wage level agreed by employers and employees and cause an unpredicted increase in expenditures for their company, which would lead the company to material managerial difficulty or would be a threat to the existence of the company. In that case, the claim is not acceptable since it is unjust and is in breach of the principle of good faith.

In tandem with the above-mentioned proceeding at the Supreme Court of Korea, as of December 31, 2015, we and our subsidiaries were subject to 34 lawsuits with an aggregate claim amount of Won 171.8 billion filed by various industry-wide and company-specific labor unions based on claims that ordinary wage had been paid without including certain items that should have been included as ordinary wage. We have set aside a reserve on a consolidated basis in the aggregate amount of Won 145.5 billion to cover any potential future payments of additional ordinary wage in relation to the related lawsuits. We cannot presently assure you that there will not be further lawsuits in relation to ordinary wage or that the foregoing reserve amount will be sufficient to cover any additional ordinary wage payments or other compensation and damages arising from the present or future litigation. If there is further litigation or if the actual compensation or other damages we become liable on a consolidated basis to pay in relation to these or other similar lawsuits were to be higher than our reserve amounts, it would adversely affect our results of operations.

We are subject to cyber security risk.

Recently, our activities have been subject to an increasing risk of cyber-attacks, the nature of which is continually evolving. For example, in December 2014, KHNP became subject to a cyber terror incident. According to the preliminary findings of the Prosecutor’s Office announced in March 2015, hackers suspected to be affiliated with North Korean authorities stole and distributed a mock blueprint for a hypothetical nuclear unit that had been devised for educational purposes, hacked into the computer network of KHNP employees and threatened to shut down certain of KHNP’s nuclear plants. The hacking incident did not jeopardize our nuclear operation in any material respect and none of the stolen information was material to our nuclear operation or the national nuclear policy. In response to such incident, we and our subsidiaries have further bolstered anti-hacking and other preventive and remedial measures in relation to potential cyber terror. However, there is no assurance that a similar or more serious hacking or other forms of cyber terror will not happen with respect to us and our nuclear and non-nuclear generation subsidiaries, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Relating to Korea and the Global Economy

Unfavorable financial and economic conditions in Korea and globally may have a material adverse impact on us.

We are incorporated in Korea, where most of our assets are located and most of our income is generated. As a result, we are subject to political, economic, legal and regulatory risks specific to Korea, and our business, results of operations and financial condition are substantially dependent on the Korean consumers’ demand for electricity, which are in turn largely dependent on developments relating to the Korean economy.

The Korean economy is closely integrated with, and is significantly affected by, developments in the global economy and financial markets. In recent years, adverse conditions and volatility in the worldwide financial markets, fluctuations in oil and commodity prices and the general weakness of the global economy have contributed to the uncertainty of global economic prospects in general and have adversely affected, and may continue to adversely affect, the Korean economy, which in turn could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. As the Korean economy is highly dependent on the health and direction of the global economy, the prices of our securities may be adversely affected by investors’ reactions to developments in other countries. In addition, due to the ongoing volatility in the global financial markets, the value of the Won relative to the U.S. dollar has also fluctuated significantly in recent years, which in turn also may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Factors that determine economic and business cycles in the Korean or global economy are for the most part beyond our control and inherently uncertain. In light of the high level of interdependence of the global economy, any of the foregoing developments could have a material adverse effect on the Korean economy and financial markets, and in turn on our business and profitability.

More specifically, factors that could have an adverse impact on Korea’s economy in the future include, among others:

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increases in inflation levels, volatility in foreign currency reserve levels, commodity prices (including oil prices), exchange rates (particularly against the U.S. dollar), interest rates, stock market prices and inflows and outflows of foreign capital, either directly, into the stock markets, through derivatives or otherwise;

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difficulties in the financial sectors in Europe, China and elsewhere and increased sovereign default risks in select countries and the resulting adverse effects on the global financial markets;

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adverse developments in the economies of countries and regions to which Korea exports goods and services (such as the United States, Europe, China and Japan), or in emerging market economies in Asia or elsewhere that could result in a loss of confidence in the Korean economy;

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social and labor unrest or declining consumer confidence or spending resulting from lay-offs, increasing unemployment and lower levels of income;

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uncertainty and volatility and further decreases in the market prices of Korean real estate;

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a decrease in tax revenues and a substantial increase in the Government’s expenditures for unemployment compensation and other social programs that together could lead to an increased Government budget deficit;

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political uncertainty or increasing strife among or within political parties in Korea, and political gridlock within the government or in the legislature, which prevents or disrupts timely and effective policy making;

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deterioration in economic or diplomatic relations between Korea and its trading partners or allies, including deterioration resulting from territorial or trade disputes or disagreements in foreign policy;

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increases in social expenditures to support the aging population in Korea or decreases in economic productivity due to the declining population size in Korea;

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any other development that has a material adverse effect in the global economy, such as an act of war, a terrorist act or a breakout of an epidemic such as SARS, avian flu, swine flu, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome or ebola, or natural disasters such as the sinking of the Sewol ferry in April 2014, which significantly dampened consumer sentiment in Korea for months, earthquakes and tsunamis and the related disruptions in the relevant economies with global repercussions;

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hostilities involving oil-producing countries in the Middle East and elsewhere and any material disruption in the supply of oil or a material increase in the price of oil resulting from such hostilities; and

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an increase in the level of tensions or an outbreak of hostilities in the Korean peninsula.

Any future deterioration of the Korean economy could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Tensions with North Korea could have an adverse effect on us and the market value of our shares.

Relations between Korea and North Korea have been tense throughout Korea’s modern history. The level of tension between the two Koreas has fluctuated and may increase abruptly as a result of current and future events. In particular, there continues to be uncertainty regarding the long-term stability of North Korea’s political leadership since the succession of Kim Jong-un to power following the death of his father in December 2011, which has raised concerns with respect to the political and economic future of the region.

In addition, there continues to be heightened security tension in the region stemming from North Korea’s hostile military and diplomatic actions, including in respect of its nuclear weapons and long-range missile programs. Some examples from recent years include the following:

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On February 10, 2016, in retaliation of North Korea’s recent launch of a long-range rocket, South Korea announced that it would halt its operations of the Kaesong Industrial Complex to impede North Korea’s utilization of funds from the industrial complex to finance its nuclear and missile programs. In response, North Korea announced on February 11, 2016 that it would expel all South Korean employees from the industrial complex and freeze all South Korean assets there.

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On February 7, 2016, North Korea launched a rocket, claimed by them to be carrying a satellite intended for scientific observation. The launch was widely suspected by the international community to be a cover for testing a long-range missile capable of carrying a nuclear warhead. On February 18, 2016, the President of the United States signed into law mandatory sanctions on North Korea to punish it for its recent nuclear and missile tests, human rights violations and cyber crimes. The bill, which marks the first measure by the United States to exclusively target North Korea, is intended to seize the assets of anyone engaging in business related to North Korea’s weapons program, and authorizes US$50 million over five years to transmit radio broadcasts into the country and support humanitarian assistance projects. On March 2, 2016, the United Nations Security Council voted unanimously to adopt a resolution to impose sanctions against North Korea, which include inspection of all cargo going to and from North Korea, a ban on all weapons trade and the expulsion of North Korean diplomats who engage in “illicit activities.” Also, on March 4, 2016, the European Union announced that it would expand its sanctions on North Korea, adding additional companies and individuals to its list of sanction targets. On April 1, 2016, North Korea fired a short-range surface-to-air missile in apparent protest of these sanctions adopted by the United States and the United Nations Security Council.

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On January 6, 2016, North Korea announced that it had successfully conducted its first hydrogen bomb test, hours after international monitors detected a 5.1 magnitude earthquake near a known nuclear testing site in the country. The claims have not been verified independently. The alleged test followed a statement made in the previous month by Kim Jong-un, who claimed that North Korea had developed a hydrogen bomb.

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In August 2015, two Korean soldiers were injured in a landmine explosion near the South Korean demilitarized zone. Claiming the landmines were set by North Koreans, the South Korean army re-initiated its propaganda program toward North Korea utilizing loudspeakers near the demilitarized zone. In retaliation, the North Korean army fired artillery rounds on the loudspeakers, resulting in the highest level of military readiness for both Koreas. High-ranking officials from North and South Korea subsequently met for discussions and entered into an agreement on August 25, 2015 intending to deflate military tensions.

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From time to time, North Korea has fired short- to medium-range missiles from the coast of the Korean peninsula into the sea. In March 2015, North Korea fired seven surface-to-air missiles into waters off its east coast in apparent protest of annual joint military exercises being held by Korea and the United States.

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North Korea renounced its obligations under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in January 2003 and conducted three rounds of nuclear tests between October 2006 to February 2013, which increased tensions in the region and elicited strong objections worldwide. In response, the United Nations Security Council unanimously passed resolutions that condemned North Korea for the nuclear tests and expanded sanctions against North Korea, most recently in March 2016.

North Korea’s economy also faces severe challenges, including severe inflation and food shortages, which may further aggravate social and political tensions within North Korea. In addition, reunification of Korea and North Korea could occur in the future, which would entail significant economic commitment and expenditure by Korea that may outweigh any resulting economic benefits of reunification.

There can be no assurance that the level of tension on the Korean peninsula will not escalate in the future or that the political regime in North Korea may not suddenly collapse. Any further increase in tension or uncertainty relating to the military, political or economic stability in the Korean peninsula, including a breakdown of diplomatic negotiations over the North Korean nuclear program, occurrence of military hostilities, heightened concerns about the stability of North Korea’s political leadership or its actual collapse, a leadership crisis, a breakdown of high-level contacts or accelerated reunification could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as the price of our common shares and our American depositary shares.

We are generally subject to Korean corporate governance and disclosure standards, which differ in significant respects from those in other countries.

Companies in Korea, including us, are subject to corporate governance standards applicable to Korean public companies which differ in many respects from standards applicable in other countries, including the United States. As a reporting company registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and listed on the New York Stock Exchange, we are, and will continue to be, subject to certain corporate governance standards as mandated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended. However, foreign private issuers, including us, are exempt from certain corporate governance standards required under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or the rules of the New York Stock Exchange. For a description of significant differences in corporate governance standards, see Item 16G. “Corporate Governance.” There may also be less publicly available information about Korean companies, such as us, than is regularly made available by public or non-public companies in other countries. Such differences in corporate governance standards and less public information could result in less than satisfactory corporate governance practices or disclosure to investors in certain countries.

You may not be able to enforce a judgment of a foreign court against us.

We are a corporation with limited liability organized under the laws of Korea. Substantially all of our directors and officers and other persons named in this annual report reside in Korea, and all or a significant portion of the assets of our directors and officers and other persons named in this annual report and substantially

all of our assets are located in Korea. As a result, it may not be possible for holders of the American depository shares to affect service of process within the United States, or to enforce against them or us in the United States judgments obtained in United States courts based on the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States. There is doubt as to the enforceability in Korea, either in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of United States courts, of civil liabilities predicated on the United States federal securities laws.

Risks Relating to Our American Depositary Shares

There are restrictions on withdrawal and deposit of common shares under the depositary facility.

Under the deposit agreement, holders of shares of our common stock may deposit those shares with the depositary bank’s custodian in Korea and obtain American depositary shares, and holders of American depositary shares may surrender American depositary shares to the depositary bank and receive shares of our common stock. However, under current Korean laws and regulations, the depositary bank is required to obtain our prior consent for the number of shares to be deposited in any given proposed deposit which exceeds the difference between (1) the aggregate number of shares deposited by us for the issuance of American depositary shares (including deposits in connection with the initial and all subsequent offerings of American depositary shares and stock dividends or other distributions related to these American depositary shares) and (2) the number of shares on deposit with the depositary bank at the time of such proposed deposit. We have consented to the deposit of outstanding shares of common stock as long as the number of American depositary shares outstanding at any time does not exceed 80,153,810 shares. As a result, if you surrender American depositary shares and withdraw shares of common stock, you may not be able to deposit the shares again to obtain American depositary shares.

Ownership of our shares is restricted under Korean law.

Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, with certain exceptions, a foreign investor may acquire shares of a Korean company without being subject to any single or aggregate foreign investment ceiling. As one such exception, certain designated public corporations, such as us, are subject to a 40% ceiling on acquisitions of shares by foreigners in the aggregate. The Financial Services Commission may impose other restrictions as it deems necessary for the protection of investors and the stabilization of the Korean securities and derivatives market.

In addition to the aggregate foreign investment ceiling, the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act and our Articles of Incorporation set a 3% ceiling on acquisition by a single investor (whether domestic or foreign) of the shares of our common stock. Any person (with certain exceptions) who holds our issued and outstanding shares in excess of such 3% ceiling cannot exercise voting rights with respect to our shares exceeding such limit.

The ceiling on aggregate investment by foreigners applicable to us may be exceeded in certain limited circumstances, including as a result of acquisition of:

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shares by a depositary issuing depositary receipts representing such shares (whether newly issued shares or outstanding shares);

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shares by exercise of warrant, conversion right under convertible bonds, exchange right under exchangeable bonds or withdrawal right under depositary receipts issued outside of Korea;

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shares from the exercise of shareholders’ rights; or

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shares by gift, inheritance or bequest.

A foreigner who has acquired our shares in excess of any ceiling described above may not exercise his voting rights with respect to our shares exceeding such limit and the Financial Services Commission may take necessary corrective action against him.

Holders of our ADSs will not have preemptive rights in certain circumstances.

The Korean Commercial Code and our Articles of Incorporation require us, with some exceptions, to offer shareholders the right to subscribe for new shares in proportion to their existing ownership percentage whenever new shares are issued. If we offer any rights to subscribe for additional shares of our common stock or any rights of any other nature, the depositary bank, after consultation with us, may make the rights available to you or use reasonable efforts to dispose of the rights on your behalf and make the net proceeds available to you. The depositary bank, however, is not required to make available to you any rights to purchase any additional shares unless it deems that doing so is lawful and feasible and:

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a registration statement filed by us under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is in effect with respect to those shares; or

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the offering and sale of those shares is exempt from or is not subject to the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act.

We are under no obligation to file any registration statement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission in relation to the registration rights. If a registration statement is required for you to exercise preemptive rights but is not filed by us, you will not be able to exercise your preemptive rights for additional shares and you will suffer dilution of your equity interest in us.

The market value of your investment in our ADSs may fluctuate due to the volatility of the Korean securities market.

Our common stock is listed on the KRX KOSPI Division of the Korea Exchange, which has a smaller market capitalization and is more volatile than the securities markets in the United States and many European countries. The market value of ADSs may fluctuate in response to the fluctuation of the trading price of shares of our common stock on the Stock Market Division of the Korea Exchange. The Stock Market Division of the Korea Exchange has experienced substantial fluctuations in the prices and volumes of sales of listed securities and the Stock Market Division of the Korea Exchange has prescribed a fixed range in which share prices are permitted to move on a daily basis. Like other securities markets, including those in developed markets, the Korean securities market has experienced problems including market manipulation, insider trading and settlement failures. The recurrence of these or similar problems could have a material adverse effect on the market price and liquidity of the securities of Korean companies, including our common stock and ADSs, in both the domestic and the international markets.

The Korean government has the ability to exert substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector business community, and in the past has exerted that influence from time to time. For example, the Korean government has promoted mergers to reduce what it considers excess capacity in a particular industry and has also encouraged private companies to publicly offer their securities. Similar actions in the future could have the effect of depressing or boosting the Korean securities market, whether or not intended to do so. Accordingly, actual or perceived actions or inactions by the Korean government may cause sudden movements in the market prices of the securities of Korean companies in the future, which may affect the market price and liquidity of our common stock and ADSs.

Your dividend payments and the amount you may realize in connection with a sale of your ADSs will be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Won.

Investors who purchase the American depositary shares will be required to pay for them in U.S. dollars. Our outstanding shares are listed on the Korea Exchange and are quoted and traded in Won. Cash dividends, if any, in respect of the shares represented by the American depositary shares will be paid to the depositary bank in Won and then converted by the depositary bank into U.S. dollars, subject to certain conditions. Accordingly, fluctuations in the exchange rate between the Won and the U.S. dollar will affect, among other things, the amounts a registered holder or beneficial owner of the American depositary shares will receive from the

depositary bank in respect of dividends, the U.S. dollar value of the proceeds which a holder or owner would receive upon sale in Korea of the shares obtained upon surrender of American depositary shares and the secondary market price of the American depositary shares.

If the Government deems that certain emergency circumstances are likely to occur, it may restrict the depositary bank from converting and remitting dividends in U.S. dollars.

If the Government deems that certain emergency circumstances are likely to occur, it may impose restrictions such as requiring foreign investors to obtain prior Government approval for the acquisition of Korean securities or for the repatriation of interest or dividends arising from Korean securities or sales proceeds from disposition of such securities. These emergency circumstances include any or all of the following:

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sudden fluctuations in interest rates or exchange rates;

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extreme difficulty in stabilizing the balance of payments; and

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a substantial disturbance in the Korean financial and capital markets.

The depositary bank may not be able to secure such prior approval from the Government for the payment of dividends to foreign investors when the Government deems that there are emergency circumstances in the Korean financial markets.

ITEM 4.

INFORMATION ON THE COMPANY

Item 4.A. History and Development of the Company

General Information

Our legal and corporate name is Korea Electric Power Corporation. We were established by the Government on December 31, 1981 as a statutory juridical corporation in Korea under the Korea Electric Power Corporation (“KEPCO”) Act as the successor to Korea Electric Company. Our registered office is located at 55 Jeollyeok-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58217, Korea, and our telephone number is 82-61-345-4261. Our website address is www.kepco.co.kr. Our agent in the United States is Korea Electric Power Corporation, New York Office, located at 7th Floor, Parker Plaza, 400 Kelby Street, Fort Lee, NJ 07024.

The Korean electric utility industry traces its origin to the establishment of the first electric utility company in Korea in 1898. On July 1, 1961, the industry was reorganized by the merger of Korea Electric Power Company, Seoul Electric Company and South Korea Electric Company, which resulted in the formation of Korea Electric Company. From 1976 to 1981, the Government acquired the private minority shareholdings in Korea Electric Company. After the Government acquired all the remaining shares of Korea Electric Company, Korea Electric Company was dissolved, and we were incorporated in 1981 and assumed the assets and liabilities of Korea Electric Company. We ceased to be wholly owned by the Government in 1989 when the Government sold 21% of our common stock. As of March 8, 2016, the last day on which our shareholders’ registry was closed, the Government maintained 51.1% ownership in aggregate of our common shares by direct holdings by the Government and indirect holdings through Korea Development Bank, a statutory banking institution wholly owned by the Government.

Under relevant laws of Korea, the Government is required to own, directly or indirectly, at least 51% of our capital. Direct or indirect ownership of more than 50% of our outstanding common stock enables the Government to control the approval of certain corporate matters relating to us that require a shareholders’ resolution, including approval of dividends. The rights of the Government and Korea Development Bank as holders of our common stock are exercised by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, based on the Government’s ownership of our common stock and a proxy received from Korea Development Bank, in consultation with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance.

We operate under the general supervision of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, in consultation with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, is responsible for approving, subject to review by the Korea Electricity Commission, the electricity rates we charge our customers. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates.” We furnish reports to officials of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance and other Government agencies and regularly consult with such officials on matters relating to our business and affairs. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Regulation.” Our non-standing directors, who comprise a majority of our board of directors, must be appointed by the Ministry of Strategy and Finance following the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee from a pool of candidates recommended by our director nomination committee and must have ample knowledge and experience in business management, and our President must be appointed by the President of the Republic upon the motion of the minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy following the nomination by our director nomination committee, the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee and an approval at the general meeting of shareholders. See Item 6.A. “Directors and Senior Management—Board of Directors.”

Item 4.B. Business Overview

Introduction

We are an integrated electric utility company engaged in the transmission and distribution of substantially all of the electricity in Korea. Through our six wholly-owned generation subsidiaries, we also generate the substantial majority of electricity produced in Korea. As of December 31, 2015, we and our generation subsidiaries owned approximately 75.0% of the total electricity generation capacity in Korea (excluding plants generating electricity primarily for private or emergency use). In 2015, we sold to our customers approximately 483,655 gigawatt-hours of electricity. We purchase electricity principally from our generation subsidiaries and to a lesser extent from independent power producers. Of the 504,104 gigawatt-hours of electricity we purchased in 2015, 32.4% was generated by KHNP, our wholly-owned nuclear and hydroelectric power generation subsidiary, 50.5% was generated by our wholly-owned five thermal generation subsidiaries and 17.1% was generated by independent power producers that trade electricity to us through the cost-based pool system of power trading (excluding independent power producers that supply electricity under power purchase agreements with us). Our five thermal generation subsidiaries are KOSEP, KOMIPO, KOWEPO, KOSPO and EWP, each of which is wholly owned by us and is incorporated in Korea. We derive substantially all of our revenues and profit from Korea, and substantially all of our assets are located in Korea.

In 2015, we had sales of Won 58,582 billion and net profit of Won 13,416 billion, compared to sales of Won 57,123 billion and net profit of Won 2,799 billion in 2014.

Our revenues are closely tied to demand for electricity in Korea. Demand for electricity in Korea increased at a compounded average growth rate of 2.2% per annum from 2011 to 2015, compared to the real gross domestic product, or GDP, which increased at a compounded average growth rate of 2.8% during the same period, according to the Bank of Korea. The GDP growth rate was 2.6% during 2015 while demand for electricity in Korea increased by 1.3% during 2015.

Strategy

As our overall strategy, we seek to become a leading global energy enterprise by enhancing our global competitiveness and strengthening our contribution to the global environmental campaigns through continued development of “green” and “smart” power-related technologies. We also aim to adapt to the growing uncertainties in the global economy by selectively pursuing new business opportunities and through development of innovative technologies. We evaluate and renew our mid- to long-term strategy every five years, and in 2015 established the “Vision 2025 Mid- to Long-Term Strategy.” Under this vision, we will aim for balanced growth among our domestic operations, overseas business and new energy industry initiatives.

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Strengthen competitiveness in our core operations. We plan to enhance efficiency of our electricity generation, transmission and distribution networks and operation of related facilities. We will strategically focus on ensuring stable supply of electricity, making our electricity networks “smarter” and more intelligent through the use of advanced technology utilizing big data and Internet of Things and creating new energy services related to our core operations in order to address changes in the business environment.

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Expand and develop new businesses. In connection with our overseas business, we plan to selectively explore opportunities to develop renewable energy, smart transmission and distribution facilities and nuclear energy projects to diversify our businesses and provide suitable solutions meeting the different needs of various countries. Additionally, we plan to actively address climate change through the development of new energy related technologies such as smart grids and energy storage systems.

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Create a platform for future growth. We plan to develop an ecosystem focused on new energy technologies. We have established Bitgaram Energy Valley in Naju with the goal of facilitating the growth of the new energy industry and creating a global energy hub. In addition, we have selected ten core electricity-related technologies such as carbon capture, utilization and storage (“CCUS”) and superconducting magnetic energy storage technologies, and we plan to focus on the development of high value-added technologies.

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Strengthen our management system for sustainable growth. We will continue to develop an innovative working culture and management system to promote efficiency. We will also focus on creating a low-carbon clean energy business environment, fostering a common set of shared values with local communities and developing a sustainable energy business model.

Recent Developments

New Energy Industry Projects

In January 2016, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced an initiative to promote the new energy industry. The initiative includes plans to create and expand the new energy industry markets through investments by government-related electricity companies in order to attract private sector investments in new energy businesses and provide new business opportunities for start-ups and research companies. Government plans also include amending regulations relating to new energy businesses to promote active private sector investments. According to the Government’s plan, we will create a Won 2 trillion new energy industry fund by 2017, contributing Won 1 trillion in each of 2016 and 2017, and invest an additional amount of approximately Won 5.4 trillion in 2016 to expand new energy related businesses. The Government plans to nurture new energy businesses, stimulate the economy and create jobs. Our actual budget for such projects will be decided after internal evaluation and discussions with the Government. Although the exact amount has yet to be decided, we expect that our capital expenditure relating to new energy industry projects may eventually lead to a significant increase in our capital expenditure in 2016 and thereafter.

Certain of our new energy industry projects are described below.

Smart Grids and Energy Storage Systems

Leveraging our experience gained through high-tech intelligent power transmission and distribution network, or “smart grid” test beds in Jeju Island from 2009 to 2013, we plan to expand our smart grid project. In 2014, we successfully implemented smart grid technology at our Guri-Namyangju branch. In recognition of our achievement, we were awarded an honorable mention from the International Smart Grid Action Network and a special prize from the Global Smart Grid Federation in 2015. As of December 31, 2015, smart grid technology has been implemented in all of our branches, and we plan to continue implementing smart grid technology to our existing plants and buildings as well as to new branches in the future.

In furtherance of the Government’s policy of balancing distribution expansion and demand control and in order to address frequency deviation caused by fluctuations in energy demand, we have developed energy storage systems that can promptly and efficiently balance energy supply and demand by storing energy during light load times and releasing energy when needed. In September 2014, we installed and have since operated an energy storage system with output capacity of 8 megawatt-hours in Jeju Island. We also installed energy storage systems with output capacities of 28 megawatts and 24 megawatts in Seo-Anseong substation and Shin-Yongin substation, respectively, and commenced commercial operation in July 2015. We believe that our energy storage system technology will not only increase energy efficiency and reduce power purchasing costs, but also accelerate the adoption of renewable energy by enhancing the reliability of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar as well as better position us to take advantage of overseas marketing opportunities. We plan to expand our energy storage system infrastructure to an aggregate output capacity of 500 megawatts by 2017.

Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

In order to promote the use of environment friendly electric vehicles, we installed 128 high-speed electric vehicle charging stations in 2015. We had 336 electric vehicle charging stations as of December 31, 2015, and we plan to expand our electric vehicle charging infrastructure to approximately 3,660 charging stations by 2018.

Bitgaram Energy Valley

Upon relocation of our headquarters in November 2014, we developed and established Bitgaram Energy Valley, an energy hub city in Naju, to attract and facilitate the growth of start-ups and research companies in new energy industries such as smart grids, energy storage systems and direct currency distribution while contributing to the local economy. To achieve this goal, we introduced a research program where we provide financial support to qualified start-ups and research companies. As of March 2016, we have signed agreements with 105 companies that have agreed to invest in the Bitgaram Energy Valley, thereby exceeding our initial plan of attracting investments from 100 companies by 2016. We are planning to increase the total number of companies investing in the Bitgaram Energy Valley to 150 companies by the end of 2016.

Government Ownership and Our Interactions with the Government

The KEPCO Act requires that the Government own at least 51% of our capital stock. Direct or indirect ownership of more than 50% of our outstanding common stock enables the Government to control the approval of certain corporate matters which require a shareholders’ resolution, including approval of dividends. The rights of the Government and Korea Development Bank as holders of our common stock are exercised by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy in consultation with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance. We are currently not aware of any plans of the Government to cease to own, directly or indirectly, at least 51% of our outstanding common stock.

We play an important role in the implementation of the Government’s national energy policy, which is established in consultation with us, among other parties. As an entity formed to serve public policy goals of the Government, we seek to maintain a fair level of profitability and strengthen our capital base in order to support the growth of our business in the long term.

The Government, through its various policy initiatives for the Korean energy industry as well as direct and indirect supervision of us and our industry, plays an important role in our business and operations. Most importantly, the electricity tariff rates we charge to our customers are regulated by the Government taking into account, among others, our needs to recover the costs of operations, make capital investments and recoup a fair return on capital invested by us, as well as the Government’s overall policy considerations, such as inflation. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates.”

In addition, pursuant to the Basic Plan determined by the Government, we and our generation subsidiaries have made, and plan to make, substantial expenditures for the construction of generation plants and other facilities to meet demand for electric power. See Item 5.B. “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Requirements.”

Restructuring of the Electric Power Industry in Korea

On January 21, 1999, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy published the Restructuring Plan. The overall objectives of the Restructuring Plan consisted of: (i) introducing competition and thereby increasing efficiency in the Korean electric power industry, (ii) ensuring a long-term, inexpensive and stable electricity supply, and (iii) promoting consumer convenience through the expansion of consumer choice.

The following provides further details relating to the Restructuring Plan.

Phase I

During Phase I, which served as a preparatory stage for Phase II and lasted from the announcement of the Restructuring Plan in January 1999 until April 2001, we undertook steps to split our generation business units off into one wholly-owned nuclear generation subsidiary (namely, KHNP) and five wholly-owned thermal generation subsidiaries (namely, KOSEP, KOMIPO, KOWEPO, KOSPO and EWP), each with its own management structure, assets and liabilities. These steps were completed upon approval at our shareholders’ meeting in April 2001.

The Government’s principal objectives in the split-off of the generation units into separate subsidiaries were to: (i) introduce competition and thereby increase efficiency in the electricity generation industry in Korea and (ii) ensure a stable supply of electricity in Korea.

Following the implementation of Phase I, we have substantial monopoly with respect to the transmission and distribution of electricity in Korea.

While our ownership percentage of the thermal generation subsidiaries will depend on further adjustments to the Restructuring Plan to be adopted by the Government, we plan to retain 100% ownership of both KHNP and our transmission and distribution business.

Phase II

At the outset of Phase II in April 2001, the Government introduced a cost-based competitive bidding pool system under which we purchase power from our generation subsidiaries and other independent power producers for transmission and distribution to customers. For a further description of this system, see “—Purchase of Electricity—Cost-based Pool System” below.

Pursuant to the Electricity Business Act amended in December 2000, the Government established the Korea Power Exchange in April 2001. The primary function of the Korea Power Exchange is to deal with the sale of electricity and implement regulations governing the electricity market to allow for electricity distribution through a competitive bidding process. The Government also established the Korea Electricity Commission in April 2001 to regulate the Korean electric power industry and ensure fair competition among industry participants. To facilitate this goal, the Korea Power Exchange established the Electricity Market Rules relating to the operation of the bidding pool system. To amend the Electricity Market Rules, the Korea Power Exchange must have the proposed amendment reviewed by the Korea Electricity Commission and then obtain the approval of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy.

The Korea Electricity Commission’s main functions include implementation of standards and measures necessary for electricity market operation and review of matters relating to licensing participants in the Korean

electric power industry. The Korea Electricity Commission also acts as an arbitrator in tariff-related disputes among participants in the Korean electric power industry and investigates illegal or deceptive activities of the industry participants.

Privatization of Thermal Generation Subsidiaries

In April 2002, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy released the basic privatization plan for five of our generation subsidiaries other than KHNP. Pursuant to this plan, we commenced the process of selling our equity interest in KOSEP in 2002. According to the original plan, this process was, in principle, to take the form of a sale of management control, potentially supplemented by an initial public offering as a way of broadening the investor base. In November 2003, KOSEP submitted its application to the Korea Exchange for a preliminary screening review, which was approved in December 2003. However, in June 2004, KOSEP made a request to the Korea Exchange to delay its stock listing due to unfavorable stock market conditions at that time. We may resume the stock listing process for KOSEP in due course, after taking into consideration the overall stock market conditions and other pertinent matters. The aggregate foreign ownership of our generation subsidiaries is limited to 30% of total power generation capacity in Korea. In consultation with us, the Government will determine the size of the ownership interest to be sold and the timing of such sale, with a view to encouraging competition and assuring adequate electricity supply and debt service capability.

We believe the Government currently has no specific plans to resume the public offering of KOSEP or commence the same for any of our other generation subsidiaries in the near future. However, we cannot assure that our generation subsidiaries will not become part of Government-led privatization initiatives in the future for reasons relating to a change in Government policy, economic and market conditions and/or other factors.

Suspension of the Plan to Form and Privatize Distribution Subsidiaries

In 2003, the Government established a Tripartite Commission consisting of representatives of the Government, leading businesses and labor unions in Korea to deliberate on ways to introduce competition in electricity distribution, such as by forming and privatizing new distribution subsidiaries. In 2004, the Tripartite Commission recommended not pursuing such privatization initiatives but instead creating independent business divisions within us to improve operational efficiency through internal competition. Following the adoption of such recommendation by the Government in 2004 and further studies by Korea Development Institute, in 2006 we created nine “strategic business units” (which, together with our other business units, were subsequently restructured into 14 such units in February 2012) that have a greater degree of autonomy with respect to management, financial accounting and performance evaluation while having a common focus on increasing profitability.

Initiatives to Improve the Structure of Electricity Generation

In August 2010, based on deliberations with various interested parties, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced the Proposal for the Improvement in the Structure of the Electric Power Industry, whose key initiatives include the following: (i) maintain the current structure of having six generation subsidiaries, (ii) designate the six generation subsidiaries as “market-oriented public enterprises” under the Public Agency Management Act in order to foster competition among them and autonomous and responsible management by them, (iii) create a supervisory unit to act as a “control tower” in reducing inefficiencies created by arbitrary division of labor among the six generation subsidiaries and fostering economies of scale among them and require the presidents of the generation subsidiaries to hold regular meetings, (iv) create a nuclear power export business unit to systematically enhance our capabilities to win projects involving the construction and operation of nuclear power plants overseas, (v) further rationalize the electricity tariff by adopting a fuel-cost based tariff system in 2011 and a voltage-based tariff system in a subsequent year, and (vi) create separate accounting systems for electricity generation, transmission, distribution and sales with the aim of introducing competition in electricity sales in the intermediate future.

Pursuant to this Proposal, in December 2010, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced guidelines for a cooperative framework between us and our generation subsidiaries, and in January 2011 the five thermal generation subsidiaries formed a “joint cooperation unit” and transferred their pumped-storage hydroelectric business units to KHNP. Furthermore, in January 2011 the six generation subsidiaries were officially designated as “market-oriented public enterprises,” whereupon the President of Korea appoints the president and the statutory auditor of each such subsidiary; the selection of non-standing directors of each such subsidiary is subject to approval by the minister of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance; the president of each such subsidiary is required to enter into a management contract directly with the minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy; and the Public Enterprise Management Evaluation Commission conducts performance evaluation of such subsidiaries. Previously, our president appointed the president and the statutory auditor of each such subsidiary; the selection of non-standing directors of each such subsidiary was subject to approval by our president; the president of each such subsidiary entered into a management contract with our president; and our evaluation committee conducted performance evaluation of such subsidiaries.

Purchase of Electricity

Cost-based Pool System

Since April 2001, the purchase and sale of electricity in Korea is required to be made through the Korea Power Exchange, which is a statutory not-for-profit organization established under the Electricity Business Act with responsibilities for setting the price of electricity, handling the trading and collecting relevant data for the electricity market in Korea. The suppliers of electricity in Korea consist of our six generation subsidiaries, which were split-off from us in April 2001, and independent power producers, which numbered ten (excluding renewable energy producers) as of December 31, 2015. We distribute electricity purchased through the Korea Power Exchange to end users.

Our Relationship with the Korea Power Exchange

The key features of our relationships with the Korea Power Exchange include the following: (i) we and our six generation subsidiaries are member corporations of the Korea Power Exchange and collectively own 100% of its share capital, (ii) three of the ten members of the board of directors of the Korea Power Exchange are currently our or our subsidiaries’ employees, and (iii) one of our employees is currently a member in three of the key committees of the Korea Power Exchange that are responsible for evaluating the costs of producing electricity, making rules for the Korea Power Exchange and gathering and disclosing information relating to the Korean electricity market.

Notwithstanding the foregoing relationships, however, we do not have control over the Korea Power Exchange or its policies since, among others, (i) the Korea Power Exchange, its personnel, policies, operations and finances are closely supervised and controlled by the Government, namely through the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, and are subject to a host of laws and regulations, including, among others, the Electricity Business Act and the Public Agencies Management Act, as well as the Articles of Incorporation of the Korea Power Exchange, (ii) we are entitled to elect no more than one-third of the Korea Power Exchange directors and our representatives represent only a minority of its board of directors and committees (with the other members being comprised of representatives of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, employees of the Korea Power Exchange, businesspersons and/or scholars), and (iii) the role of our representatives in the policy making process for the Korea Power Exchange is primarily advisory based on their technical expertise derived from their employment at us or our generation subsidiaries. Consistent with this view, the Finance Supervisory Service issued a ruling in 2005 that stated that we are not deemed to have significant influence or control over the decision-making process of the Korea Power Exchange relating to its business or financial affairs.

Pricing Factors

The price of electricity in the Korean electricity market is determined principally based on the cost of generating electricity using a system known as the “cost-based pool” system. Under the cost-based pool system,

the price of electricity has two principal components, namely the marginal price (representing in principle the variable cost of generating electricity) and the capacity price (representing in principle the fixed cost of generating electricity).

Under the merit order system, the electricity purchase allocation, the system marginal price (as described below) and the final allocation adjustment are automatically determined based on an objective formula. The variable cost (including the adjusted coefficient as described below) and the capacity price are determined in advance of trading by the Cost Evaluation Committee. Accordingly, a supplier of electricity cannot exercise control over the merit order system or its operations to such supplier’s strategic advantage.

Marginal Price

The primary purpose of the marginal price is to compensate the generation companies for fuel costs, which represents the principal component of the variable costs of generating electricity. We currently refer such marginal price as the “system marginal price.”

The system marginal price represents, in effect, the marginal price of electricity at a given hour at which the projected demand for electricity and the projected supply of electricity for such hour intersect, as determined by the merit order system, which is a system used by the Korea Power Exchange to allocate which generation units will supply electricity for which hour and at what price. To elaborate, the projected demand for electricity for a given hour is determined by the Korea Power Exchange based on a forecast made one day prior to trading, and such forecast takes into account, among others, historical statistics relating to demand for electricity nationwide by day and by hour, seasonality and on-peak-hour versus off-peak hour demand analysis. The projected supply of electricity at a given hour is determined as the aggregate of the available capacity of all generation units that have submitted bids to supply electricity for such hour. These bids are submitted to the Korea Power Exchange one day prior to trading.

Under the merit order system, the generation unit with the lowest variable cost of producing electricity among all the generation units that have submitted a bid for a given hour is first awarded a purchase order for electricity up to the available capacity of such unit as indicated in its bid. The generation unit with the next lowest variable cost is then awarded a purchase order up to its available capacity in its bid, and so forth, until the projected demand for electricity for such hour is met. We refer to the variable cost of the generation unit that is the last to receive the purchase order for such hour as the system marginal price, which also represents the highest price at which electricity can be supplied at a given hour based on the demand and supply for such hour. Generation units whose variable costs exceed the system marginal price for a given hour do not receive purchase orders to supply electricity for such hour. The variable cost of each generation unit is determined by the Cost Evaluation Committee (comprised of representatives from the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the Korea Power Exchange, generation companies, scholars and researchers as well as us) on a monthly basis and reflected in the following month based on the fuel costs two months prior to such determination. The purpose of the merit order system is to encourage generation units to reduce its electricity generation costs by making its generation process more efficient, sourcing fuels from most cost-effective sources or adopting other cost savings programs.

The final allocation of electricity supply is further adjusted on the basis of other factors, including the proximity of a generation unit to the geographical area to which power is being supplied, network and fuel constraints and the amount of power loss. This adjustment mechanism is designed to adjust for transmission losses in order to improve overall cost-efficiency in the transmission of electricity to end-users.

The price of electricity at which our generation subsidiaries sell electricity to us is determined using the following formula:

Variable cost + [System marginal price – Variable cost] * Adjusted coefficient

The adjusted coefficient is determined based on considerations of, among others, electricity tariff rates, the differential generation costs for different fuel types and the relative fair returns on investment in respect of us compared to our generation subsidiaries. The purpose of the adjusted coefficient is to prevent electricity trading from resulting in undue imbalances as to the relative financial results among generation subsidiaries as well as between us (as the purchaser of electricity) and our generation subsidiaries (as sellers of electricity). Such imbalances may arise from excessive profit taking by base load generators (on account of their inherently cheaper fuel cost structure compared to non-base load generators) as well as from fluctuations in fuel prices (it being the case that during times of rapid and substantial rises in fuel costs which are not offset by corresponding rises in electricity tariff rates charged by us to end-users, on a non-consolidated basis our profitability will decline compared to that our generation subsidiaries since our generation subsidiaries are entitled to sell electricity to us at cost plus a guaranteed margin).

The adjusted coefficient applies in principle to all generation units that use the same type of fuel, except for independent power producers that use LNG, oil, or by-product gas (for which the adjusted coefficient was replaced with the vesting contract system as further discussed below). The adjusted coefficient is currently set at the highest level for the marginal price of electricity generated using nuclear fuel, followed by coal, oil and LNG. The differentiated adjusted coefficients reflect the Government’s current energy policy objectives and have the effect of setting priorities in the fuel types to be used in electricity generation. The adjusted coefficient is determined by the Cost Evaluation Committee in principle on an annual basis, although in exceptional cases driven by external factors such as material developments in fuel costs and electricity tariff rates, the adjusted coefficient may be adjusted on a quarterly basis.

Under the vesting contract system which is currently being implemented in phases as to determining the price and quantity of electricity to be sold and purchased between the purchaser of electricity (namely, us) and the sellers of electricity (namely, our generation subsidiaries and independent power producers) pursuant to an amendment to the Electricity Business Act, effective November 21, 2014, the application of adjusted coefficient will gradually cease and will be replaced by the vesting contract system as further described below in “—Vesting Contract System.”

Capacity Price

In addition to payment in respect of the variable cost of generating electricity, generation units receive payment in the form of capacity price, the purpose of which is to compensate them for the costs of constructing generation facilities and to provide incentives for new construction. The capacity price is determined annually by the Cost Evaluation Committee based on the construction costs and maintenance costs of a standard generation unit and is paid to each generation company for the amount of available capacity indicated in the bids submitted the day before trading, subject to such capacity being actually available on the relevant day of trading. From time to time, the capacity price is adjusted in ways to soften the impact of changes in the marginal price over time based on the expected rate of return for our generational subsidiaries. Currently, the capacity price is Won 7.60 per kilowatt-hour and is applied equally to all generation units, regardless of fuel types used.

Under a regionally differentiated capacity price system, we are required to maintain a standard capacity reserve margin in the range of 12.0% to 20.0% in order to prevent excessive capacity build-up as well as induce optimal capacity investment at the regional level. The capacity reserve margin is the ratio of peak demand to the total available capacity. Under this system, generation units in a region where available capacity is insufficient to meet demand for electricity as evidenced by a failure to meet the standard capacity reserve margin receive increased capacity price. Conversely, generation units in a region where available capacity exceeds demand for electricity as evidenced by exceeding the standard capacity reserve margin receive reduced capacity price. The capacity price received by generation units is subject to hourly and seasonal adjustments in order to incentivize our generation subsidiaries to operate their generation facilities at full capacity during periods of highest demand. For example, the capacity price paid differs depending on whether the relevant hour is a “on-peak” hour, a “mid-peak” hour or an “off-peak” hour (it being highest for the on-peak hours and lowest for the off-peak hours)

and the capacity price paid is highest during the months of January, July and August when electricity usage is highest due to weather conditions. Other than subject to the aforementioned variations, the same capacity pricing mechanism applies to all generation units regardless of fuel types used.

Vesting Contract System

On May 20, 2014, the Electricity Business Act was amended, with effect from November 21, 2014, to introduce a vesting contract system in determining the price and quantity of electricity to be sold and purchased between the purchaser of electricity (namely, us) and the sellers of electricity (namely, our generation subsidiaries and independent power producers). The application of adjusted coefficient will gradually cease and will be replaced by the vesting contract system.

To elaborate, the net consideration that the seller of electricity at a particular generation unit is entitled to receive upon sale of the contracted quantity of electricity through the Korea Power Exchange at a given hour is determined using the following formula, assuming the system marginal price is higher than the contracted price:

Net consideration = Gross consideration – Settlement amount, where:

(A) Gross consideration equals the sum of:

(i)

System marginal price * quantity of electricity sold; and

(ii)

Capacity price (as discussed above), as applicable to the particular generation unit; and

(B) Settlement amount equals the sum of:

(i)

(System marginal price – contracted price) * contracted quantity; and

(ii)

Capacity price.

Accordingly, under this settlement mechanism, assuming sale of electricity in the contracted quantity and further assuming the system marginal price being higher than the contracted price, the consideration to be received by the seller of electricity net of the settlement amount will effectively amount to the product of the contracted quantity multiplied by the contracted price. If the seller sells a quantity of electricity exceeding the contracted quantity at a given hour, under the settlement mechanism and assuming the system marginal price being higher than the contracted price, the seller is entitled to an extra return (effectively, an incentive) equal to

the product of the excess quantity multiplied by the difference between the system marginal price and the contracted price. On the other hand, if the seller sells a quantity of electricity falling short of the contracted quantity at a given hour, under the settlement mechanism and assuming the system marginal price being higher than the contracted price, the seller is required to pay an amount (effectively, a penalty) equal to the product of the shortfall quantity multiplied by the difference between the system marginal price and the contracted price. The foregoing notions of incentive and penalty are intended to minimize the additional cost of purchasing electricity at the higher system marginal price in the event that the seller of electricity fails to deliver the contracted quantity of electricity.

Power Trading Results

The results of power trading, as effected through the Korea Power Exchange, for our generation subsidiaries and independent power producers for the year ended December 31, 2015 are as follows:


	Items	Volume (Gigawatt hours)		Percentage of Total Volume (%)		Sales to KEPCO (in billions of Won)		Percentage of Total Sales (%)		Unit Price (Won/kWh)
Generation Companies	KHNP		161,674		32.6		10,399		25.4		64.32
	KOSEP		67,116		13.5		4,744		11.6		70.69
	KOMIPO		43,876		8.9		3,828		9.3		87.24
	KOWEPO		46,136		9.3		4,117		10.0		89.24
	KOSPO		46,819		9.5		4,256		10.4		90.90
	EWP		46,961		9.5		3,980		9.7		84.75
	Others⁽¹⁾		82,807		16.7		9,648		23.6		116.55

	Total		495,389		100.0		40,972		100.0		82.71

Energy Sources	Nuclear		157,196		31.7		9,841		24.0		62.61
	Bituminous coal		194,288		39.2		13,278		32.4		68.34
	Anthracite coal		6,782		1.4		731		1.8		107.78
	Oil		9,394		1.9		1,408		3.4		149.90
	LNG		586		0.1		100		0.3		169.02
	Combined-cycle		105,917		21.4		13,351		32.6		126.05
	Hydro		1,511		0.3		179		0.4		118.47
	Pumped-storage		3,641		0.7		484		1.2		132.78
	Others		16,074		3.3		1,600		3.9		99.61

	Total		495,389		100.0		40,972		100.0		82.71

Load	Base load		353,608		71.4		23,380		57.1		66.12
	Non-base load		141,781		28.6		17,592		42.9		124.08

	Total		495,389		100.0		40,972		100.0		82.71

Note:

(1)	Others represent independent power producers that trade electricity through the cost-based pool system of power trading (excluding independent power producers that supply electricity under power purchase agreements with us).

Power Purchased from Independent Power Producers Under Power Purchase Agreements

In 2015, we purchased an aggregate of 8,715 gigawatt hours of electricity generated by independent power producers under existing power purchase agreements. These independent power producers had an aggregate generation capacity of 4,945 megawatts as of December 31, 2015.

Power Generation

As of December 31, 2015, we and our generation subsidiaries had a total of 618 generation units, including nuclear, thermal, hydroelectric and internal combustion units, representing total installed generation capacity of 73,282 megawatts. Our thermal units produce electricity using steam turbine generators fired by coal, oil and LNG. Our internal combustion units use oil or diesel-fired gas turbines and our combined-cycle units are primarily LNG-fired. We also purchase power from several generation plants not owned by our generation subsidiaries.

The table below sets forth as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015 the number of units, installed capacity and the average capacity factor for each type of generating facilities owned by our generation subsidiaries.


	Number of Units		Installed Capacity⁽¹⁾		Average Capacity Factor⁽²⁾
			(Megawatts)		(Percent)
Nuclear		24		21,716		85.0
Thermal:
Coal		53		26,274		88.5
Oil		11		2,950		26.5
LNG		2		388		16.7

Total thermal		66		29,612		81.4

Internal combustion		208		330		22.7
Combined-cycle		111		16,018		48.4
Hydro		74		5,345		12.8
Wind		42		109		18.0
Solar		82		89		14.8
Fuel cell		9		28		55.4
Biogas		2		35		62.1

Total		618		73,282		69.9

Notes:

(1)	Installed capacity represents the level of output that may be sustained continuously without significant risk of damage to plant and equipment.

(2)	Average capacity factor represents the total number of kilowatt hours of electricity generated in the indicated period divided by the total number of kilowatt hours that would have been generated if the generation units were continuously operated at installed capacity, expressed as a percentage.

The expected useful life of a unit, assuming no substantial renovation, is approximately as follows: nuclear, over 40 years; thermal, over 30 years; internal combustion, over 25 years; and hydroelectric, over 55 years. Substantial renovation can extend the useful life of thermal units by up to 20 years.

We seek to achieve efficient use of fuels and diversification of generation capacity by fuel type. In the past, we relied principally upon oil-fired thermal generation units for electricity generation. Since the oil shock in 1974, however, Korea’s power development plans have emphasized the construction of nuclear generation units. While nuclear units are more expensive to construct than thermal generation units of comparable capacity, nuclear fuel is less expensive than fossil fuels in terms of electricity output per unit cost. However, efficient operation of nuclear units requires that such plants be run continuously at relatively constant energy output levels. As it is impractical to store large quantities of electrical energy, we seek to maintain nuclear power production capacity at approximately the level at which demand for electricity is continuously stable. During those times when actual demand exceeds the usual level of electricity supply from nuclear power, we rely on units fired by fossil fuels and hydroelectric units, which can be started and shut down more quickly and efficiently than nuclear units, to meet the excess demand. Bituminous coal is currently the least expensive thermal fuel per kilowatt-hour of electricity produced, and therefore we seek to maximize the use of bituminous coal for generation needs in excess of the stable demand level, except for meeting short-term surges in demand which require rapid start-up and shutdown. Thermal units fired by LNG, hydroelectric units and internal combustion units are the most efficient types of units for rapid start-ups and shutdowns, and therefore we use such units principally to meet short-term surges in demand. Anthracite coal is a less efficient fuel source than bituminous coal in terms of electricity output per unit cost.

Our generation subsidiaries have constructed and recommissioned thermal and internal combustion units in order to help meet power demand. Subject to market conditions, our generation subsidiaries plan to continue to add additional thermal and internal combustion units. These units generally take less time to complete construction than nuclear units.

The high average age of our oil-fired thermal units is attributable to our reliance on oil-fired thermal units as the primary means of electricity generation until mid-1970s. Since then, we have diversified our fuel sources and constructed relatively few oil-fired thermal units compared to units of other fuel types.

The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the amount of electricity generated by facilities linked to our grid system and the amount of power used or lost in connection with transmission and distribution.


	2011		2012		2013		2014		2015		% of 2015 Gross Generation⁽¹⁾
	(in gigawatt hours, except percentages)
Electricity generated by us and our generation subsidiaries:
Nuclear		154,723		150,327		138,784		156,407		164,762		31.6
Coal		199,516		199,330		201,119		203,765		207,533		39.7
Oil		9,456		13,553		13,941		6,838		8,822		1.7
LNG		2,233		3,453		3,526		568		222		0.1
Internal combustion		821		752		741		656		633		0.1
Combined-cycle		71,668		75,751		84,561		68,134		45,923		8.8
Hydro		4,815		5,140		5,679		5,976		4,424		0.8
Wind		117		127		155		148		181		0.0
Solar and fuel cells		60		83		251		422		420		0.1

Total generation by us and our generation subsidiaries		443,409		448,516		448,757		442,914		432,920		82.9

Electricity generated by IPPs:
Thermal		42,240		48,043		55,923		63,088		72,316		13.9
Hydro and other renewable		11,244		13,015		12,468		15,968		17,106		3.2

Total generation by IPPs		53,484		61,058		68,391		79,056		89,422		17.1

Gross generation		496,893		509,574		517,148		521,970		522,343		100
Auxiliary use⁽²⁾		19,689		20,154		20,463		20,610		21,293		4.1
Pumped-storage⁽³⁾		4,257		4,789		5,408		6,644		4,824		0.9

Total net generation⁽⁴⁾		472,947		484,631		491,277		494,716		496,226		95.0

Transmission and distribution losses⁽⁵⁾		17,430		17,292		18,019		18,270		18,063		3.6

IPPs = Independent power producers

Notes:

(1)	Unless otherwise indicated, percentages are based on gross generation.

(2)	Auxiliary use represents electricity consumed by generation units in the course of generation.

(3)	Pumped-storage represents electricity consumed during low demand periods in order to store water which is utilized to generate hydroelectric power during peak demand periods.

(4)	Total net generation is gross generation minus auxiliary and pumped-storage use.

(5)	Total transmission and distribution losses divided by total net generation.

The table below sets forth our total capacity at the end of, and peak and average loads during, the indicated periods.


	2011		2012		2013		2014		2015
	(Megawatts)
Total capacity		76,649		81,806		82,296		93,216		94,102
Peak load		73,137		75,987		76,522		80,154		78,790
Average load		56,723		58,012		59,035		59,586		60,284

Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.

We commenced nuclear power generation activities in 1978 when our first nuclear generation unit, Kori #1, began commercial operation. On April 2, 2001, all of nuclear and hydroelectric power generation assets and liabilities of our thermal generation subsidiaries were transferred to KHNP.

KHNP owns and operates 24 nuclear generation units at four power plant complexes in Korea, located in Kori, Wolsong, Yonggwang (Hanbit) and Ulchin (Hanul), 51 hydroelectric generation units including 16 pumped storage hydro generation units as well as five solar generation units and one wind generation unit as of December 31, 2015.

The table below sets forth the number of units and installed capacity as of December 31, 2015 and the average capacity factor by types of generation units in 2015.


	Number of Units		Installed Capacity⁽¹⁾		Average Capacity Factor⁽²⁾
			(Megawatts)		(Percent)
Nuclear		24		21,716		85.3
Hydroelectric		51		5,306		9.2
Solar		5		16		15.6
Wind		1		1		6.1

Total		81		27,039

Notes:

(1)	Installed capacity represents the level of output that may be sustained continuously without significant risk of damage to plant and equipment.

(2)	Average capacity factor represents the total number of kilowatt hours of electricity generated in the indicated period divided by the total number of kilowatt hours that would have been generated if the generation units were continuously operated at installed capacity, expressed as a percentage.

KHNP commenced commercial operation of Shin-Wolsong #2, with a 1,000 megawatt capacity, in December 2015. KHNP is currently building four additional nuclear generation units, two each at the Shin-Kori and Shin-Hanul sites, each with a 1,400 megawatt capacity. KHNP expects to complete these units between 2016 and 2018. In addition, KHNP plans to build four additional nuclear units between 2021 and 2023, two each at the Shin-Kori and Shin-Hanul sites, each with a 1,400 megawatt capacity, and two additional nuclear units between 2026 and 2027 at the Chunji site, each with a 1,500 megawatt capacity. Under the Seventh Basic Plan, KHNP plans to build two additional nuclear units between 2028 and 2029, each with a 1,500 megawatt capacity, at sites which have yet to be determined. We plan to begin the decommissioning process of Kori #1 in June 2017.

Nuclear

The table below sets forth certain information with respect to the nuclear generation units of KHNP as of December 31, 2015.

Unit

Reactor
Type⁽¹⁾

Reactor Design⁽²⁾

Turbine and Generation⁽³⁾

Commencement
of Operations

Installed
Capacity

(Megawatts)

Kori #1

PWR

GEC, Hitachi, D

1978

587

Kori #2

PWR

GEC

1983

650

Kori #3

PWR

GEC, Hitachi

1985

950

Kori #4

PWR

GEC, Hitachi

1986

950

Shin-Kori #1

PWR

D, KEPCO E&C, W

D, GE

2011

1,000

Shin-Kori #2

PWR

D, KEPCO E&C, W

D, GE

2012

1,000

Wolsong #1

PHWR

AECL

1983

679

Wolsong #2

PHWR

AECL, H, K

H, GE

1997

700

Wolsong #3

PHWR

AECL, H

H, GE

1998

700

Wolsong #4

PHWR

AECL, H

H, GE

1999

700

Shin-Wolsong #1

PWR

D, KEPCO E&C, W

D, GE

2012

1,000

Shin-Wolsong #2

PWR

D, KEPCO E&C, W

D, GE

2015

1,000

Hanbit #1

PWR

W, D

1986

950

Hanbit #2

PWR

W, D

1987

950

Hanbit #3

PWR

H, CE, K

H, GE

1995

1,000

Hanbit #4

PWR

H, CE, K

H, GE

1996

1,000

Hanbit #5

PWR

D, CE, W, KOPEC

D, GE

2002

1,000

Hanbit #6

PWR

D, CE, W, KOPEC

D, GE

2002

1,000

Hanul #1

PWR

1988

950

Hanul #2

PWR

1989

950

Hanul #3

PWR

H, CE, K

H, GE

1998

1,000

Hanul #4

PWR

H, CE, K

H, GE

1999

1,000

Hanul #5

PWR

D, KEPCO E&C, W

D, GE

2004

1,000

Hanul #6

PWR

D, KEPCO E&C, W

D, GE

2005

1,000

Total nuclear

21,716

Notes:

(1)	“PWR” means pressurized light water reactor; “PHWR” means pressurized heavy water reactor.

(2)

“W” means Westinghouse Electric Company (U.S.A.); “AECL” means Atomic Energy Canada Limited (Canada); “F” means Framatome (France); “H” means Hanjung; “CE” means Combustion Engineering (U.S.A.); “D” means Doosan Heavy Industries; “K” means Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute; “KEPCO E&C” means KEPCO Engineering & Construction.

(3)	“GEC” means General Electric Company (U.K.); “P” means Parsons (Canada and U.K.); “W” means Westinghouse Electric Company (U.S.A.); “A” means Alstom (France); “H” means Hanjung; “GE” means General Electric (U.S.A.); “D” means Doosan Heavy Industries; “Hitachi” means Hitachi Ltd. (Japan).

The table below sets forth the average capacity factor and average fuel cost per kilowatt for 2015 with respect to each nuclear generation unit of KHNP.


Unit	Average Capacity Factor		Average Fuel Cost Per kWh
	(Percent)		(Won)
Kori #1		82.8		6.6
Kori #2		79.0		8.1
Kori #3		81.3		7.2
Kori #4		96.9		6.7
Shin-Kori #1		87.4		5.3
Shin-Kori #2		86.8		5.5
Wolsong #1		96.7		9.9
Wolsong #2		90.4		9.0
Wolsong #3		94.9		8.9
Wolsong #4		87.2		9.6
Shin-Wolsong #1		72.6		5.5
Shin-Wolsong #2		100		7.1
Hanbit #1		83.2		7.3
Hanbit #2		92.0		6.1
Hanbit #3		58.5		7.4
Hanbit #4		63.8		7.6
Hanbit #5		81.3		6.1
Hanbit #6		92.7		5.8
Hanul #1		88.4		6.4
Hanul #2		100.0		6.5
Hanul #3		100.0		6.3
Hanul #4		84.6		5.9
Hanul #5		99.8		6.3
Hanul #6		74.7		6.6

Total nuclear		85.9		6.8

Under extended-cycle operations, nuclear units can be run continuously for periods longer than the conventional 12-month period between scheduled shutdowns for refueling and maintenance. Since 1987, we have adopted the mode of extended-cycle operations for all of our pressurized light water reactor units and plan to use it for our newly constructed units. The duration of shutdown for fuel replacement and maintenance was 71.3 days per unit in 2015. In addition, KHNP’s nuclear units experienced an average of 0.1 unplanned shutdowns per unit in 2015. In the ordinary course of operations, KHNP’s nuclear units routinely experience damage and wear and tear, which are repaired during routine shutdown periods or during unplanned temporary suspensions of operations. No significant damage has occurred in any of KHNP’s nuclear reactors, and no significant nuclear exposure or release incidents have occurred at any of KHNP’s nuclear facilities since the first nuclear plant commenced operation in 1978.

Hydroelectric

Effective January 1, 2011, pursuant to the Government’s Proposal for Improvements in the Structure of the Electric Power Industry announced in August 2010, our five thermal generation subsidiaries transferred all of the assets and liabilities relating to their pumped-storage and hydroelectric business units to KHNP. The table below sets forth certain information, including the installed capacity as of December 31, 2015 and the average capacity factor in 2015.


Location of Unit	Number of Units		Classification	Year Built		Installed Capacity		Average Capacity Factor
						(Megawatts)		(%)
Hwacheon		4	Dam waterway		1944		108.0		9.5
Chuncheon		2	Dam		1965		62.3		11.6
Euiam		2	Dam		1967		48.0		16.6
Cheongpyung		4	Dam		1943		140.1		10.8
Paldang		4	Dam		1973		120.0		16.2
Seomjingang		3	Basin deviation		1945		34.8		27.1
Boseonggang		2	Basin deviation		1937		4.5		52.7
Kwoesan		2	Dam		1957		2.6		31.4
Anheung		3	Dam waterway		1978		0.4		25.3
Kangreung		2	Basin deviation		1991		82.0		14.4
Topyeong		1	Dam		2011		0.04		—
Muju⁽¹⁾		1	Dam		2003		0.4		9.5
Sancheong⁽¹⁾		2	Dam		2001		1.0		8.7
Yangyang⁽¹⁾		2	Dam		2005		1.4		22.7
Yecheon⁽¹⁾		1	Dam		2011		0.9		4.5
Cheongpeoung⁽¹⁾		2	Pumped Storage		1980		400.0		6.1
Samrangjin⁽¹⁾		2	Pumped Storage		1985		600.0		7.6
Muju⁽¹⁾		2	Pumped Storage		1995		600.0		10.4
Sancheong⁽¹⁾		2	Pumped Storage		2001		700.0		10.7
Yangyang⁽¹⁾		4	Pumped Storage		2006		1,000.0		9.6
Cheongsong⁽¹⁾		2	Pumped Storage		2006		600.0		10.3
Yecheon⁽¹⁾		2	Pumped Storage		2011		800.0		6.5

Total		51					5,306		9.2

Note:

(1)	Indicates facilities that have been transferred from our five thermal generation companies to KHNP as of January 1, 2011.

Solar/Wind

The table below sets forth certain information, including the installed capacity as of December 31, 2015 and the average capacity factor in 2015, regarding each solar and wind power unit of KHNP.


Location of Unit	Classification	Year Built		Installed Capacity		Average Capacity Factor
				(Megawatts)		(Percent)
Yonggwang	Solar		2008		13.9		15.3
Yecheon	Solar		2012		2.0		15.6
Kori	Wind		2008		0.8		6.1

Total					16.7

Korea Water Resources Corporation, which is a Government-owned entity, assumes full control of multi-purpose dams, while KHNP maintains the dams used for power generation. Existing hydroelectric power units have exploited most of the water resources in Korea available for commercially viable hydroelectric power generation. Consequently, we expect that no new major hydroelectric power plants will be built in the foreseeable future. Due to the ease of its start-up and shut-down mechanism, hydroelectric power generation is reserved for peak demand periods.

Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.

The table below sets forth, by fuel type, the weighted average age and installed capacity as of December 31, 2015 and the average capacity factor and average fuel cost per kilowatt in 2015 based upon the net amount of electricity generated, of KOSEP.


	Weighted Average Age of Units		Installed Capacity		Average Capacity Factor		Average Fuel Cost per kWh
	(Years)		(Megawatts)		(Percent)		(Won)
Bituminous:
Samchunpo #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6		24.2		3,240		88.6		41.3
Yong Hung #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6		6.7		5,080		88.7		38.5
Yosu #2		4.3		329		66.8		59.2
Anthracite:
Yongdong #1, 2		39.4		325		83.5		61.3
Combined cycle and internal Combustion:
Bundang gas turbine #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; steam turbine #1, 2		22.1		922		23.5		149
Hydro, Solar and other renewable energy		—		85		—		—

Total		19.6		9,981		81.2		43.9

Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.


	Weighted Average Age of Units		Installed Capacity		Average Capacity Factor		Average Fuel Cost per kWh
	(Years)		(Megawatts)		(Percent)		(Won)
Bituminous:
Boryeong #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8		20.9		4,000		92.2		37.4
Anthracite:
Seocheon #1, 2		32.5		400		72.1		67.1
Oil-fired:
Jeju #2, 3		15.5		150		60.6		154.6
LNG-fired:
Seoul #4, 5		46.8		387.5		6.6		207.6
Combined-cycle and internal combustion:
Boryeong gas turbine #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; steam turbine #1, 2, 3,		16.8		1,350		4.6		137.7
Incheon gas turbine #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; steam turbine #1, 2, 3		10.8		1,462.7		50.4		106.6
Sejong gas turbine #1, 2; steam turbine #1		2.1		530.4		61.1		104.2
Jeju Gas Turbine #3		38.1		55		0.4		734.0
Jeju Internal Combustion Engine #1, 2		8.6		80		56.5		111.8
Yangyang #1, 2		9.5		3.0		12.9		13.2
Combined heat and power:
Wonju #1		0.6		10		11.0		96.6
Hydroelectric:
Boryeong		6.8		7.5		19.6		—
Photovoltaic (“PV”) power and fuel cell generation:
Boryeong (PV) site		7.6		0.6		12.9		—
Seocheon (PV) site		7.9		1.2		14.8		—
Jeju (PV) site		4.4		2.3		13.6		—
Seoul (PV) site		4.3		1.3		15.1		—
Yeosu (PV) site		3.8		2.2		15.6		—
Incheon (PV) site		4.0		0.3		14.0		—
Boryeong (fuel cell) site		7.3		0.3		39.6		—

Total		17.1		8,444		62.3		57.6

Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.


	Weighted Average Age of Units		Installed Capacity		Average Capacity Factor		Average Fuel Cost per kWh
	(Years)		(Megawatts)		(Percent)		(Won)
Bituminous:
Taean #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8		15.4		4,000		92.6		41.1
Oil-fired:
Pyeongtaek #1, 2, 3, 4		34.1		1,400		29.2		102.8
Combined cycle:
Pyeongtaek #1, 2		9.2		1,348.5		46.1		101.6
Gunsan		5.6		718.4		43.9		110.7
West Incheon		23.5		1,800		23.5		113.8
Hydroelectric:
Taean		8.3		2.2		23.0		—
Solar:
Taean		10.4		0.1		12.6		—
Taean 2		3.9		0.6		14.4		—
Gunsan		5.5		0.3		14.0		—
Samryangjin		8.1		3.0		12.2		—
Sejong City		3.5		4.9		14.3		—
Gyeonggi-do		2.7		2.5		14.7		—
Yeongam		2.8		13.3		15.0		—
Pyeongtaek		1.1		0.4		13.5		—
Fuel Cell:
West Incheon		1.3		11.2		83.5		—
Wind Power
Hwasung		0.1		16		14.7		—

Total		18.0		9,321		59.0		62.7

Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.


	Weighted Average Age of Units		Installed Capacity		Average Capacity Factor		Average Fuel Cost per kWh
	(Years)		(Megawatts)		(Percent)		(Won)
Bituminous:
Hadong #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8		14.3		4,000		100		39.8
Oil-fired:
Nam Jeju #3, 4		9.0		200		81.8		150.8
Combined cycle:
Shin Incheon #1, 2, 3, 4		19.2		1,800		40.6		109.3
Busan #1, 2, 3, 4		12.2		1,800		42.3		107.1
Yeongwol #1		5.6		848		16.8		112.1
Hallim		19.5		105		7.3		188.7
Andong #1		2.3		362		72.1		99.5
Wind power:
Hankyung		9.2		21		25.4		—
Seongsan		6.2		20		24.9		—
Solar		5.2		6		12.7		—

Total		13.4		9,162		66.2		64.4

Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.


	Weighted Average Age of Units		Installed Capacity		Average Capacity Factor		Average Fuel Cost per kWh
	(Years)		(Megawatts)		(Percent)		(Won)
Bituminous:
Dangjin #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7,8		12.6		4,000		90.6		59.1
Honam #1, 2		43.0		500		86.1		76.3
Anthracite:
Donghae #1, 2		17.0		400		72.3		95.0
Oil-fired:
Ulsan #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6		35.7		1,200		29.6		131.8
Combined cycle:
Ulsan gas turbine #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; steam turbine #1, 2, 3		13.2		2,072		32.5		140.4
Ilsan gas turbine #1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; steam turbine #1, 2		22.1		900		12.3		247.5
Mini hydro:
Dangjin		2.0		8.1		36.7		183.8
Photovoltaic:
Dangjin		5.6		1.0		14.5		—
Ulsan		5.1		0.6		12.4		—
Kwangyang		4.3		2.3		11.2		—
Dangjin Storage Facility		3.3		14.8		14.7		—
Dangjin Waste Treatment Facility		4.3		1.3		11.9		—
Donghae		9.6		1.0		12.5		—
Fuel cell:
Ilsan #1		6.6		2.4		66.0		—
Ilsan #2		5.1		2.8		55.9		—
Wind Power:
YeongGwang Jisan		3.5		3.0		0.5		—
Biomass:
Donghae		2.7		30.0		66.7		—

Total		18.5		9,139		60.4		82.0

Power Plant Remodeling and Recommissioning

Our generation subsidiaries supplement power generation capacity through remodeling or recommissioning of thermal units. Recommissioning includes installation of anti-pollution devices, modification of control systems and overall rehabilitation of existing equipment. The following table shows recent remodeling and recommissioning initiatives by our generation subsidiaries.


Power Plant	Capacity	Completed (Year)	Extension	Company
Taean #1-8	4,000 MW (500 MW×8)	EP⁽¹⁾ upgrade (#4, 2011) EP⁽¹⁾ upgrade (#1, 2012)	Anti-pollution	KOWEPO
Pyeongtaek #1-4	1,400 MW (350 MW×4)	Steam turbine upgrade (#1, 4, 2013/#2, 3, 2014)	10-year performance- improvement	KOWEPO
Boryeong #1-8	4,000 MW (500 MW×8)	Control System upgrade (#6, 2011, #3,5, 2012)	Performance- improvement	KOMIPO
Incheon CC #2	509 MW (gas turbines 164 MW×2) (steam turbines 181 MW×1)	SCR⁽²⁾ : 2012	Anti-pollution	KOMIPO
Yosu #2	328.6 MW	Boiler Type Change (CFBC⁽³⁾:2011)	30 years	KOSEP
Samcheonpo #1-2	1,120 MW (560 MW×2)	Boiler, EP, Draft System Upgrade (#1,2: 2012)	10 years Refurbishing- modernization	KOSEP

Notes:

(1)	“EP” means an electrostatic precipitation system.

(2)	“SCR” means a selective catalytic reduction system.

(3)	“CFBC” means a circulating fluidized bed combustion system.

Transmission and Distribution

We currently transmit and distribute substantially all of the electricity in Korea.

As of December 31, 2015, our transmission system consisted of 33,316 circuit kilometers of lines of 765 kilovolts and others including high-voltage direct current lines, and we had 822 substations with aggregate installed transformer capacity of 298,294 megavolt-amperes.

As of December 31, 2015, our distribution system consisted of 110,082 megavolt-amperes of transformer capacity and 8,960,818 units of support with a total line length of 465,278 circuit kilometers.

We make substantial investments in our transmission and distribution systems to minimize power interruptions and improve efficiency. Our current projects principally focus on increasing capabilities of the existing power networks and reducing our transmission and distribution loss, which was 3.6% of our gross generation in 2015. To cope with increasing damages to large-scale transmission and distribution facilities, we plan to reinforce stability of our transmission and distribution facilities through stricter design and material specifications. In addition, we also plan to expand underground transmission and distribution facilities to meet customer demand for more environment-friendly facilities. In order to reduce the interruption time in power distribution, which is an indicator of the quality of electricity transmission, we are also continuing to invest in automation of electricity transmission and development of new transmission technologies, among others.

In particular, as part of our overall business strategy, we are currently developing and implementing smart grids based on advanced information technology, in order to promote more efficient allocation and use of electricity by consumers. We expect that such technology will improve efficiency and reduce electricity loss over the course of electricity transmission and distribution. In July 2012, the Government implemented a master plan to build out a smart grid, which includes the Advanced Metering Infrastructure (“AMI”) roadmap. In accordance with such plan, we are in the process of installing “smart meters” and related communication networks and operating systems for 22 million households for target completion by 2020 as part of the “smart grid” initiative in an effort to enhance efficiency in the power electricity industry and alleviate growing energy shortage concerns. Smart meters refer to digital meters that record, on a real-time basis, electricity consumption within a household and the effective tariff rate at the time of electricity usage so that consumers will have a price-based incentive to enhance efficiency in their electricity usage. On the other hand, smart grids refer to next-generation networks for electricity distribution that integrate information technology into existing power grids with the aim of enabling two-way real time exchange of information between electricity suppliers and consumers for optimal efficiency in electricity use. The smart grid project is scheduled to be completed in 2030, and the AMI project is currently scheduled to be completed in 2020. We expect that the smart grid initiative will significantly increase efficient energy consumption by providing real-time data to customers, which would in turn help to reduce greenhouse gas emission and decrease Korea’s reliance on foreign energy sources. As of December 31, 2015, we have installed 2.5 million smart meter units, and plan to install an additional 2.0 million units in 2016. The AMI project is expected to cost Won 1.7 trillion through 2020.

Some of the facilities we own and use in our distribution system use rights of way and other concessions granted by municipal and local authorities in areas where our facilities are located. These concessions are generally renewed upon expiration.

Fuel

Nuclear

Uranium, the principal fuel source for nuclear power, accounted for 30.9%, 35.3% and 38.1% of our fuel requirements for electricity generation in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

All uranium ore concentrates are imported from, and conversion and enrichment of such concentrates are provided by, sources outside Korea and are paid for with currencies other than Won, primarily U.S. dollars.

In order to ensure stable supply, KHNP enters into long-term and medium-term contracts with various suppliers and supplements such supplies with purchases in spot markets. In 2015, KHNP purchased 100%, or approximately 2,500 tons, of its uranium concentrate requirement under both long-term and spot supply contracts with suppliers in the United Kingdom, Kazakhstan, France, Germany, Niger, Canada and Japan. Under the long-term supply contracts, the purchase prices of uranium concentrates are adjusted annually based on base prices and spot market prices prevailing at the time of actual delivery. The conversion and enrichment services of uranium concentrates are provided by suppliers in Canada, France, Germany, Japan, China, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States. A Korean supplier typically provides fabrication of fuel assemblies. Except for certain fixed contract prices, contract prices for processing of uranium are adjusted annually in accordance with the general rate of inflation. KHNP intends to obtain its uranium requirements in the future, in part, through purchases under medium- to long-term contracts and, in part, through spot market purchases.

Coal

Bituminous coal accounted for 43.0%, 44.1% and 46.2% of our fuel requirements for electricity generation in 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively, and anthracite coal accounted for 1.8%, 1.9% and 1.7% of our fuel requirements for electricity generation in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

In 2015, our generation subsidiaries purchased approximately 80 million tons of bituminous coal, of which approximately 46%, 36%, 12%, 5% and 1% were imported from Australia, Indonesia, Russia, the United States

and others, respectively. Approximately 79% of the bituminous coal requirements of our generation subsidiaries in 2015 were purchased under long-term contracts with the remaining 21% purchased in the spot market. Some of our long-term contracts relate to specific generating plants and extend through the end of the projected useful lives of such plants, subject in some cases to periodic renewal. Pursuant to the terms of our long-term supply contracts, prices are adjusted periodically based on market conditions. The average cost of bituminous coal per ton purchased under such contracts amounted to Won 94,217, Won 92,206 and Won 90,902 in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

In 2015, our generation subsidiaries purchased approximately 1.4 million tons of anthracite coal. The prices for anthracite coal under such contracts are set by the Government. The average cost of anthracite coal per ton purchased under such contracts was Won 126,425, Won 108,118 and Won 108,346 in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Oil

Oil accounted for 3.3%, 1.7% and 2.2% of our fuel requirements for electricity generation in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

In 2015, our generation subsidiaries purchased approximately 13.5 million barrels of fuel oil, substantially all of which was purchased from domestic refiners through competitive open bidding. Purchase prices are based on the spot market price in Singapore. The average cost per barrel was Won 123,402, Won 117,692 and Won 67,517 in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

LNG

LNG accounted for 19.7%, 15.5% and 10.7% of our fuel requirements for electricity generation in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. In 2015, for use in electricity generation we purchased approximately 5.9 million tons of LNG from Korea Gas Corporation, a Government-controlled entity in which we currently own a 20.5% equity interest. In 2015, we purchased a substantial portion of our LNG requirements for use in power generation from Korea Gas Corporation. Under the terms of the LNG contract with Korea Gas Corporation, all of our five thermal generation subsidiaries jointly and severally agreed to purchase a total of 6.0 million tons of LNG in 2015, subject to an automatic price adjustment annually based on a pre-determined formula if the actual purchased amount exceeds or falls short of the contracted amount. We believe the quantities of LNG provided under such contract will be adequate to meet the needs of our generation subsidiaries for LNG for the next several years. The LNG supply contracts between our generation subsidiaries and Korea Gas Corporation generally have a term of 20 years and provide for minimum purchase requirements for our generation subsidiaries, the specific terms of which are subject to negotiation between Korea Gas Corporation and our generation subsidiaries and approval by the Government. The average cost per ton of LNG under our contract with Korea Gas Corporation was Won 1,002,323, Won 1,059,640 and Won 775,663 in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Hydroelectric

Hydroelectric power generation accounted for 1.3%, 1.3% and 1.0% of our fuel requirements for electricity generation in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. The availability of water for hydroelectric power depends on rainfall and competing uses for available water supplies, including residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural consumption. Pumped storage enables us to increase the available supply of water for use during periods of peak electricity demand.

Sales and Customers

Our sales depend principally on the level of demand for electricity in Korea and the rates we charge for the electricity we sell to the end-users.

Demand for electricity in Korea grew at a compounded average rate of 2.2% per annum for the five years ended December 31, 2015. According to the Bank of Korea, the compounded growth rate for GDP was approximately 2.8% for the same period. The GDP growth rate was approximately 2.9%, 3.3% and 2.6% during 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively.

The table below sets forth, for the periods indicated, the annual rate of growth in Korea’s GDP and the annual rate of growth in electricity demand (measured by total annual electricity consumption) on a year-on-year basis.


	2011			2012			2013			2014			2015
Growth in GDP		3.7	%		2.3	%		2.9	%		3.3	%		2.6	%
Growth in electricity consumption		4.8	%		2.5	%		1.8	%		0.6	%		1.3	%

Electricity demand in Korea varies within each year for a variety of reasons other than the general growth in GDP demand. Electricity demand tends to be higher during daylight hours due to heightened commercial and industrial activities and electronic appliance use. Due to the use of air conditioning during the summer and heating during the winter, electricity demand is higher during these two seasons than the spring or the fall. Variation in weather conditions may also cause significant variation in electricity demand.

We do not use any marketing channels, including any special sales methods, to sell electricity to our customers, other than to install electricity meters on-site and take monthly readings of such meters, based upon which invoices are sent to our customers.

Demand by the Type of Usage

The table below sets forth consumption of electric power, and growth of such consumption on a year-on-year basis, by the type of usage (in gigawatt hours) for the periods indicated.


	2011 (GWh)		YoY growth (%)			2012 (GWh)		YoY growth (%)			2013 (GWh)		YoY growth (%)			2014 (GWh)		YoY growth (%)			2015 (GWh)		YoY growth (%)			% of Total 2015
Residential		63,524		0.5			65,484		3.1			65,815		0.5			64,457		(2.1	)		65,619		1.8			13.6
Commercial		99,504		2.1			101,593		2.1			102,196		0.6			100,761		(1.4	)		103,679		2.9			21.4
Educational		7,568		1.5			7,860		3.9			7,947		1.1			7,438		(6.4	)		7,691		3.4			1.6
Industrial		251,491		8.1			258,102		2.6			265,373		2.8			272,552		2.7			273,548		0.4			56.6
Agricultural		11,232		5.4			12,776		13.8			13,866		8.5			14,505		4.6			15,702		8.3			3.2
Street lighting		3,145		2.1			3,158		0.4			3,156		(0.1	)		3,221		2.1			3,341		3.7			0.7
Overnight Power		18,606		(5.5	)		17,620		(5.3	)		16,496		(6.4	)		14,658		(11.1	)		14,075		(4.0	)		2.9

Total		455,070		4.8			466,593		2.5			474,849		1.8			477,592		0.6			483,655		1.3			100.0

The industrial sector represents the largest segment of electricity consumption in Korea. Demand for electricity from the industrial sector was 273,548 gigawatt hours in 2015, representing a 0.4% increase from 2014, largely due to the continued export-led growth of the Korean economy. Demand for electricity from the commercial sector has increased in recent years, largely due to increased commercial activities in Korea and the rapid expansion of the service sector of the Korean economy, which has resulted in increased office building construction, office automation and use of air conditioners. Demand for electricity from the commercial sector increased to 103,679 gigawatt hours in 2015, representing a 2.9% increase from 2014 largely due to the recovery of market demand as a result of various government policies to boost the economy. In 2015, we distributed electricity to approximately 22 million households, which represent substantially all of the households in Korea. Demand for electricity from the residential sector is largely dependent on population growth and use of heaters,

air conditioners and other electronic appliances. Demand for electricity from the residential sector increased to 65,619 gigawatt hours in 2015, representing a 1.8% increase compared to 2014, largely due to an increase in household electricity usage for air conditioning and heating.

Demand Management

Our ability to provide adequate supply of electricity is principally measured by the facility reserve margin and the supply reserve margin. The facility reserve margin represents the difference between the peak usage during a year and the installed capacity at the time of such peak usage, expressed as a percentage of such installed capacity. The supply reserve margin represents the difference between the peak usage in a year and the average available capacity at the time of such peak usage, expressed as a percentage of such peak usage. The following table sets forth our facility reserve margin and supply reserve margin for the periods indicated.


	2011			2012			2013			2014			2015
Facility reserve margin		4.8	%		7.7	%		7.5	%		16.3	%		19.4	%
Supply reserve margin		5.5	%		5.2	%		5.5	%		11.5	%		11.6	%

While we seek to meet the growing demand for electricity in Korea primarily by continuing to expand our generation capacity, we have also implemented several measures to curtail electricity consumption, especially during peak periods. We apply time-of-use and seasonality tariff, which are structured so that higher tariffs are charged at the time and months of peak demand to select types of customers, and we also apply a progressive rate structure for the residential use of electricity. We have several demand management programs to control demand and induce power conservation during peak hours and peak seasons such as providing incentives for reducing power consumption during peak hours.

Electricity Rates

The Electricity Business Act and the Price Stabilization Act of 1975, each as amended from time to time, prescribe the procedures for the approval and establishment of rates charged for the electricity we sell. We submit our proposals for revisions of rates or changes in the rate structure to the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. The Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy then reviews these proposals and, following consultation with the Ministry of Strategy and Finance and review by the Korea Electricity Commission, makes the final decision.

Under the Electricity Business Act and the Price Stabilization Act, electricity rates are established at levels that would enable us to recover our operating costs attributable to our basic electricity generation, transmission and distribution operations as well as receive a fair investment return on capital used in those operations.

In May 2014, in order to make conforming changes to the standards for determining the public utility rates and to further bolster the reasonableness of cost determination, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy amended the standards for determining the electricity tariff rates. The main amendments include (i) recording as our cost of electricity (which forms part of our operating costs) the pretax income of our six generation subsidiaries (which was previously deducted from our operating costs), (ii) excluding from our rate base our equity interests in our six generation subsidiaries (which were previously included in the rate base discussed below), and (iii) when determining working capital, considering the actual time of our cost recovery (namely, the accounts receivable collection period and the accounts payable payment period).

For the purposes of rate approval, operating costs are defined as the sum of our operating expenses (which principally consists of cost of sales and selling and administrative expenses) and our adjusted income taxes.

Fair investment return represents an amount equal to the rate base multiplied by the rate of return.

Following the amendments to its computation methods in May 2014 as described above, the rate base is currently equal to the sum of:

•

net utility plant in service (which is equal to utility plant minus accumulated depreciation minus revaluation reserve);

•

the portion of working capital which is equal to the appropriate level of operating costs minus depreciation and other non-cash charges while taking into account the actual time of cost recovery; and

•

the portion of construction-in-progress which is charged from our retained earnings.

The amounts used for the variables in the rates are those projected by us for the periods to be covered by the rate approval.

For the purpose of determining the fair rate of return, the rate base is divided into two components in proportion to our total shareholders’ equity and our total debt. The rate of return permitted in relation to the debt component of the rate base is set at a level designed to approximate the weighted average interest cost on all types of borrowing for the periods covered by the rate approval. The rate of return permitted in relation to the equity component of the rate base is set by applying the capital asset pricing model which takes account of the risk-free rate, the return on the Korea Stock Price Index, KOSPI, a Korean equity market index, and the correlation of the stock price of our company with KOSPI. In 2013, the approved rate of return on the debt component of the rate base was 1.72% while the approved rate of return on the equity component of the rate base was 2.87%. As a result of such approved rates of returns, the fair rate of return in 2013 was determined to be 4.60%. The fair rates of return for 2014 and 2015 have not yet been determined.

The Electricity Business Act and the Price Stabilization Act do not specify a basis for determining the reasonableness of our operating expenses or any other items (other than the level of the fair investment return) for the purposes of the rate calculation. However, the Government exercises substantial control over our budgeting and other financial and operating decisions.

In addition to the calculations described above, a variety of other factors are considered in setting overall tariff levels. These other factors include consumer welfare, our projected capital requirements, the effect of electricity tariff on inflation in Korea and the effect of tariff on demand for electricity.

From time to time, our actual rate of return on invested capital may differ significantly from the fair rate of return on invested capital assumed for the purposes of electricity tariff approvals, for reasons, among others, related to movements in fuel prices, exchange rates and demand for electricity that differ from what is assumed for determining our fair rate of return. For example, between 1987 and 1990, the actual rate of return was above the fair rate of return due to declining fuel costs and rising demand for electricity at a rate not anticipated for purposes of determining our fair rate of return. Similarly, depreciation of the Won against the U.S. dollar accounted for our actual rates of return being lower than the fair rate of return for the period from 1996 to 2000. For the period since 2006, our actual rates of return have been lower than the fair rate of return largely due to a general increase in fuel costs and additional facility investment costs incurred, the effects of which were not offset by timely increases in our tariff rates. Partly in response to the variance between our actual rates of return and the fair rates of return, the Government from time to time increases the electricity tariff rates, but there typically is a significant time lag for the tariff increases as such increases requires a series of deliberative processes and administrative procedures and the Government also has to consider other policy considerations, such as the inflationary effect of overall tariff increases and the efficiency of energy use from sector-specific tariff increases.

Recent increases to the electricity tariff rates by the Government involve the following, which were made principally in response to the rising fuel prices which hurt our profitability as well as to encourage a more efficient use of electricity by the different sectors:

•

effective August 6, 2012, a 4.9% overall increase in our average tariff rate, consisting of increases in the residential, commercial, educational, industrial, street lighting, agricultural and overnight power usage tariff rates by 2.7%, 4.4%, 3.0%, 6.0%, 4.9%, 3.0% and 4.9%, respectively.

•

effective January 14, 2013, a 4.0% overall increase in our average tariff rate, consisting of increases in the residential, commercial, industrial, educational, agricultural, street lighting and overnight power usage tariff rates by 2.0%, 4.6%, 4.4%, 3.5%, 3.0%, 5.0% and 5.0%, respectively.

•

effective November 21, 2013, a 5.4% overall increase in our average tariff rate, consisting of increases in the residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, street lighting and overnight power usage tariff rates by 2.7%, 5.8%, 6.4%, 3.0%, 5.4% and 5.4%, respectively, while making no change to the educational tariff.

The tariff rates we charge for electricity vary among the different classes of consumers, which principally consist of industrial, commercial, residential, educational and agricultural consumers. The tariff also varies depending upon the voltage used, the season, the time of usage, the rate option selected by the user and, in the residential sector, the amount of electricity used per household, as well as other factors. For example, we adjust for seasonal tariff variations by applying higher rates when demand tends to rise such as during the months of June, July and August (when the demand tends to rise due to increased use of air conditioning) and November, December, January and February (when demand tends to rise due to increased use of heating), which reflects the policy of the Korean government to cope with the rise in electricity demand during peak seasons by encouraging a more efficient use of electricity by customers. In addition, we provide discounts on tariff rates to certain users such as low income households.

Our current tariff schedule, which became effective as of November 21, 2013, is summarized below by the type of usage:

•

Industrial. The basic charge varies from Won 5,550 per kilowatt to Won 9,810 per kilowatt depending on the type of contract, the voltage used and the rate option. The energy usage charge varies from Won 53.7 per kilowatt-hour to Won 196.6 per kilowatt-hour depending on the type of contract, the voltage used, the season, the time of day and the rate option.

•

Commercial. The basic charge varies from Won 6,160 per kilowatt to Won 9,810 per kilowatt depending on the type of contract, the voltage used and the rate option. The energy usage charge varies from Won 53.7 per kilowatt-hour to Won 196.6 per kilowatt-hour depending on the type of contract, the voltage used, the season, the time of day and the rate option.

•

Residential. Residential tariff includes a basic charge ranging from Won 410 for electricity usage of less than 100 kilowatt hours to Won 12,940 for electricity usage in excess of 500 kilowatt hours. Residential tariff also includes an energy usage charge ranging from Won 60.7 to Won 709.5 per kilowatt-hour for electricity usage depending on the amount of usage and voltage.

•

Educational. The basic charge varies from Won 5,230 per kilowatt to Won 6,980 per kilowatt depending on the voltage used and the rate option. The energy usage charge varies from Won 43.8 per kilowatt-hour to Won 160.4 per kilowatt-hour depending on the voltage used, the season and the rate option.

•

Agricultural. The basic charge varies from Won 360 per kilowatt to Won 1,210 per kilowatt depending on the type of usage. The energy usage charge varies from Won 21.6 per kilowatt-hour to Won 41.9 per kilowatt-hour depending on the type of contract, the voltage used and the season.

•

Street-lighting. The basic charge is Won 6,290 per kilowatt and the energy usage charge is Won 85.9 per kilowatt-hour. For electricity capacity of less than 1 kilowatt or for places where the installation of the electricity meter is difficult, a fixed rate of Won 37.5 per watt applies, with the minimum charge per month of Won 1,220.

In 2001, as part of implementing the Restructuring Plan, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy established the Electric Power Industry Basis Fund to enable the Government to take over certain public services previously performed by us. In 2015, 3.7% of the tariff we collected from our customers was transferred to this fund prior to recognizing our sales revenue.

Power Development Strategy

We and our generation subsidiaries make plans for expanding or upgrading our generation capacity based on the Basic Plan, which is generally revised and announced every two years by the Government. In July 2015, the Government announced the Seventh Basic Plan relating to the future supply and demand of electricity. The Seventh Basic Plan, which is effective for the period from 2015 to 2029, focuses on, among other things, (i) ensuring a stable supply of electricity, (ii) increasing the portion of low carbon electricity supply sources, (iii) active consumer demand management, (iv) permanent closing of operations of the Kori #1 nuclear power unit, and (v) diversifying electricity supply sources by utilizing renewable energy sources.

Capital Investment Program

The table below sets forth, for each of the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, the amounts of capital expenditures for the construction of generation, transmission and distribution facilities.


2013	2014		2015
(In billions of Won)
￦15,831	￦	16,629	￦	15,750

The table below sets forth the currently estimated installed capacity for new or expanded generation units to be completed by our generation subsidiaries in each year from 2016 to 2019 based on the Seventh Basic Plan.


Year	Number of Units		Type of Units	Total Installed Capacity
				(Megawatts)
2016		1	Nuclear power		1,400
		8	Coal-fired		7,534
2017		2	Nuclear power		2,800
		1	Coal-fired		1,000
		3	LNG-combined		1,270
2018		1	Nuclear power		1,400
		1	LNG-combined		200
2019		1	Coal-fired		1,000

For the period from 2020 to 2029, our generation subsidiaries currently plan to complete eight additional nuclear units with an aggregate installed capacity of 11,600 megawatts.

As part of our capital investment program, we also intend to add new transmission lines and substations, continue to replace overhead lines with underground cables and improve the existing transmission and distribution systems.

The actual number and capacity of generation units and transmission and distribution facilities we construct and the timing of such construction are subject to change depending upon a variety of factors, including, among others, changes in the Basic Plan, demand growth projections, availability and cost of financing, changes in fuel prices and availability of fuel, ability to acquire necessary plant sites, environmental considerations and community opposition.

The table below sets forth, for the period from 2016 to 2019, the budgeted amounts of capital expenditures for the construction of generation, transmission and distribution facilities pursuant to our capital investment program. The budgeted amounts may vary from the actual amounts of capital expenditures for a variety of reasons, including, among others, the implementation of the Seventh Basic Plan, changes in the number of units to be constructed, the actual timing of such construction, changes in rates of exchange between the Won and foreign currencies and changes in interest rates.


	2016		2017		2018		2019		Total
	(in billions of Won)
Generation⁽¹⁾:
Nuclear	￦	3,874	￦	4,867	￦	4,956	￦	5,675	￦	19,372
Thermal		3,948		2,776		2,825		2,127		11,676

Sub-total		7,822		7,643		7,781		7,802		31,048

Transmission and Distribution:
Transmission		3,058		2,774		2,313		2,640		10,785
Distribution		2,866		2,320		2,125		1,955		9,266

Sub-total		5,924		5,094		4,438		4,595		20,051

Others⁽²⁾		1,871		1,570		1,623		2,458		7,522

Total	￦	15,617	￦	14,307	￦	13,842	￦	14,855	￦	58,621

Notes:

(1)	The budgeted amounts for our generation facilities are based on the Seventh Basic Plan.

(2)	Principally consists of investments in renewable energy generation, among others.

In January 2016, the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy announced an initiative to promote the new energy industry. According to the Government’s plan, we will create a Won 2 trillion new energy industry fund by 2017, contributing Won 1 trillion in each of 2016 and 2017, and invest an additional amount of approximately Won 5.4 trillion in 2016 to expand new energy related businesses. Our actual budget for such projects will be decided after internal evaluation and discussions with the Government. Although the exact amount has yet to be decided, we expect that our capital expenditure relating to new energy industry projects may eventually lead to a significant increase in our capital expenditure in 2016 and thereafter. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Recent Developments—New Energy Industry Projects.”

We have financed, and plan to finance in the future, our capital investment programs primarily through net cash provided by our operating activities and financing in the form of debt securities and loans from domestic financial institutions, and to a lesser extent, borrowings from overseas financial institutions. In addition, in order to prepare for potential liquidity shortage, we and our generation subsidiaries maintain several credit facilities with domestic financial institutions in the aggregate amounts of Won 2,815 billion and US$4,412 million, the full amount of which was available as of December 31, 2015. We, KHNP and KOWEPO also maintain global medium-term note programs in the aggregate amount of US$10 billion, of which approximately US$3.6 billion remains currently available for future drawdown. KOSEP also maintains an A$2 billion Australian dollar medium-term note program, of which approximately A$1.7 billion remains current available for future drawdown. See also Item 5.B. “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Capital Resources.”

Environmental Programs

The Environmental Policy Basic Act, the Air Quality Preservation Act, the Water Quality Preservation Act, the Marine Pollution Prevention Act and the Waste Management Act, collectively referred in this annual report as the Environmental Acts, are the major laws of Korea that regulate atmospheric emissions, waste water, noise and other emissions from our facilities, including power generators and transmission and distribution units. Our existing facilities are currently in material compliance with the requirements of these environmental laws and international agreements, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. In order to foster coordination among us and our generation subsidiaries in respect of climate change and development of renewable energy sources, we and our generation subsidiaries formed the Committee on Climate Change and the Committee on Renewable Energy in 2005.

We continuously endeavor to contribute to sustainable growth (whether as an economy, a society or an ecosystem) by actively taking actions that befit our social responsibility as a corporate citizen in the energy industry. For example, in 2005, we became the first public company in Korea to join the United Nations Global Compact, an international voluntary initiative designed to hold a forum for corporations, United Nations agencies, labor and civic groups to promote reforms in economic, environmental and social policies. As part of our involvement with such initiative, we issue an annual report named the “Sustainability Report” to disclose our activities from the perspectives of economy, environment and society, in accordance with the reporting guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative, the official collaborating center of the United Nations Environment Program that works in cooperation with United Nations Secretary General. In recognition of our efforts and achievements to reduce carbon emissions in response to global climate change, in May 2013, we obtained the Carbon Trust Standard certification issued by Carbon Trust, a British nonprofit organization with the goal of establishing a sustainable, low carbon economy. In 2015, we obtained recertification from Carbon Trust by satisfying even more rigorous evaluation criteria. We are also a participant of the Carbon Disclosure Project, an international organization that promotes transparency in informational disclosure of carbon management process, and in 2014 we were recognized by the Carbon Disclosure Project for scoring the highest in the energy and utility

sector in relation to climate change response. In 2014 and 2015 we were selected as the best company in the global electricity utility sector in the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices, which measures management performance in terms of contribution to sustainability. We aim to become a global leader in carbon management and reduction.

The table below sets forth the number of emission control equipment installed at thermal power plants by our generation subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015.


	KOSEP		KOMIPO		KOWEPO		KOSPO		EWP
Flue Gas Desulphurization System		13		12		12		12		13
Selective Non-catalytic Reduction System		—		2		—		—		3
Selective Catalytic Reduction System		11		17		14		11		16
Electrostatic Precipitation System		15		14		12		12		16
Low NO2 Combustion System		14		30		28		29		28

Total		53		75		66		64		76

The table below sets forth the amount of annual emission from all generating facilities of our generation subsidiaries for the periods indicated. The amount of CO2 emissions may increase in the near future due to the construction of additional coal thermal power plants but is expected to decrease in the long-term, principally due to an increased use of nuclear power and renewable energy.


Year	Sox (g/MWh)		NOx (g/MWh)		Dust (g/MWh)		CO2 (kg/MWh)
2013		178		317		8		487
2014		170		291		8		471
2015		164		266		8		455

In order to comply with the current and expected environmental standards and address related legal and social concerns, we intend to continue to install additional equipment, make related capital expenditures and undertake several environment-friendly measures to foster community goodwill. For example, under the Persistent Organic Pollutants Management Act enacted in 2007, we are required to remove polychlorinated biphenyl, or PCB, a toxin, from the insulating oil of our transformers by 2025. In addition, when constructing certain large new transmission and distribution facilities, we assess and disclose their environmental impact at the planning stage of such construction, as well as consult with local residents, environmental groups and technical experts to generate community support for such projects. We exercise additional caution in cases where such facilities are constructed near ecologically sensitive areas such as wetlands or preservation areas. We also make reasonable efforts to minimize any negative environmental impact, for example, by using more environment-friendly technology and hardware. In addition, we also undertake measures to minimize losses during the transmission and distribution process by making our power distribution network more energy-efficient in terms of loss of power, as well as to lower consumption of energy, water and other natural resources. In addition, we and our subsidiaries acquired the ISO 14000 certification, an environmental management system widely adopted internationally, in 2013 and have made it a high priority to make our electricity generation and distribution more environmentally friendly. In addition to the ISO 14000 certification, we further reinforced our environmental management system by acquiring the ISO 14001 certification as well as a domestic “GMS (Green Management System), KS I 7001/7002” certification, which relates to the management of resources, energy, green house effects and social responsibilities, in 2013. Recently, we were awarded the 2014 presidential award for environmental contributions as a corporate citizen, after scoring the highest among 102 corporations that competed for the award. In order to encourage the implementation of environment-friendly measures by other corporations and enhance environmental awareness at a social level, we have been disclosing our environment-related activities and achievements to the public through the Environment Information System managed by the Ministry of Environment since 2012.

Our environmental measures, including the use of environment-friendly but more expensive parts and equipment and allocation of capital expenditures for the installation of such facilities, may result in increased operating costs and liquidity requirement. The actual cost of installation and operation of such equipment and related liquidity requirement will depend on a variety of factors which may be beyond our control. There is no assurance that we will continue to be in material compliance with legal or social standards or requirements in the future in relation to the environment.

As part of our long-term strategic initiatives, we plan to take other measures designed to promote the generation and use of environmentally friendly, or green, energy. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Strategy.”

Some of our generation facilities are powered by renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, wind power and hydraulic power. While such facilities are currently insignificant as a proportion of our total generation capacity or generation volume of our generation subsidiaries, we expect that the portion will increase in the future, especially since we are required to comply with the Renewable Portfolio Standard program as described below.

The following table sets forth the generation capacity and generation volume in 2015 of our generation facilities that are powered by renewable energy sources.


	Generation Capacity (megawatts)			Generation Volume (gigawatt-hours)
Hydraulic Power		5,345			4,424
Wind Power		109			142
Solar Energy, Fuel Cells and Biogas		153			1,625

Subtotal		5,607			6,191
As percentage of total⁽¹⁾		7.7	%		1.4	%

Note:

(1)	As a percentage of the total generation capacity or total generation volume, as applicable, of us and our generation subsidiaries.

In order to deal with shortage of fuel and other resources and also to comply with various environmental standards, in 2012 the Government adopted the Renewable Portfolio Standard program, which replaced the Renewable Portfolio Agreement which had been in effect from 2006 to 2011. Under the Renewable Portfolio Standard program, each generation subsidiary is required to generate a specified percentage of total electricity to be generated by such generation subsidiary in a given year in the form of renewable energy, with the target percentage being 3.0% in 2014 and 2015 and incrementally increasing to 10.0% by 2024. Fines are to be levied on any subsidiary that fails to do so in the prescribed timeline. In 2014, all six of our generation subsidiaries met the target. Compliance by our generation subsidiaries of the 2015 target is currently under evaluation, and if our generation subsidiaries are found to have failed to meet the target for 2015 or for subsequent years, our generation subsidiaries may become subject to fines or other penalties. We expect that any additional capital expenditure required for implementation of the Renewable Portfolio Standard program will be covered by a corresponding increase in electricity tariff. However, there is no assurance that the Government will in fact raise the electricity tariff to a level sufficient to fully cover such additional capital expenditures or at all.

As to how we plan to finance our capital expenditures related to our environmental programs, see “—Capital Investment Program.”

Community Programs

Building goodwill with local communities is important to us in light of concerns among the local residents and civic groups in Korea regarding construction and operation of generation units, particularly nuclear generation units.

The Act for Supporting the Communities Surrounding Power Plants requires that the generation companies and the affected local governments carry out various activities up to a certain amount annually to address neighboring community concerns. Pursuant to this Act, we and our generation subsidiaries, in conjunction with the affected local and municipal governments, undertake various programs, including scholarships and financial assistance to low-income residents.

Under the Act for Supporting the Communities Surrounding Power Plants, activities required to be undertaken under the Act are funded partly by the Electric Power Industry Basis Fund (see “—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates”) and partly by KHNP as part of its budget. KHNP is required to make annual contributions to the affected local communities in an amount equal to Won 0.25 per kilowatt-hour of electricity generated by its nuclear generation units during the one-year period before the immediately preceding fiscal year, Won 5 million per thousand kilowatts of hydroelectric generation capacity and Won 0.5 million per thousand kilowatts of pumped-storage generation capacity. In addition, under Korean tax law, KHNP is currently required to pay local tax levied on its nuclear generation units in an amount equal to Won 1 (effective January 1, 2015 reflecting an increase from Won 0.5 previously) per kilowatt-hour of their generation volume in the affected areas and Won 2 per 10 cubic meters of water used for hydroelectric generation.

Prior to the construction of a generation unit, our generation subsidiaries perform an environmental impact assessment which is designed to evaluate public hazards, damage to the environment and concerns of local residents. A report reflecting this evaluation and proposing measures to address the problems identified must be submitted to and approved by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy following agreement with related administrative bodies, including the Ministry of Environment prior to the construction of the unit. Our generation subsidiaries are then required to implement the measures reflected in the approved report. Despite these activities, civic community groups may still oppose the construction and operation of generation units (including nuclear units), and such opposition could adversely impact our construction plans for generation units (including nuclear units) and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flow.

Nuclear Safety

KHNP takes nuclear safety as its top priority and continues to focus on ensuring the safe and reliable operation of nuclear power plants. KHNP also focuses on enhancing corporate ethics and transparency in the operation of its plants.

KHNP has a corporate code of ethics and is firmly committed to enhancing nuclear safety, developing new technologies and improving transparency. KHNP has also established the “Statement of Safety Policy for Nuclear Power Plants” to ensure the highest level of nuclear safety. Furthermore, KHNP invests approximately 5% of its total annual sales into research and development for the enhancement of nuclear safety and operational performance.

KHNP implements comprehensive programs to monitor, ensure and improve safety of nuclear power plants. In order to enhance nuclear safety through risk-informed assessment, KHNP conducts probabilistic safety assessments, including for low power-shutdown states, for all its nuclear power plants. In order to systematically verify nuclear safety and identify the potential areas for safety improvements, KHNP performs periodic safety reviews on a 10-year frequency basis for all its operating units. These reviews have been completed for Kori #1, 2, 3 and 4, Hanbit #1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, Hanul #1, 2, 3 and 4 and Wolsong #1, 2, 3 and 4. Reviews for Hanul #5 and 6 are in progress. In order to enhance nuclear safety and plant performance, KHNP has established a maintenance effectiveness monitoring program based on the maintenance rules issued by the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which covers all of KHNP’s nuclear power plants in commercial operation.

KHNP has developed the Risk Monitoring System for operating nuclear power plants, which it implements in all of its nuclear power plants. The Risk Monitoring System is intended to help ensure nuclear plant safety. In

addition, KHNP has developed and implemented the Severe Accident Management Guidelines and is developing the Severe Accident Management Guidelines for Low Power-Shutdown States in order to manage severe accidents for all of its nuclear power plants.

KHNP conducts various activities to enhance nuclear safety such as quality assurance audits and reviews by the KHNP Nuclear Review. KHNP maintains a close relationship with international nuclear organizations in order to enhance nuclear safety. In particular, KHNP invites international safety review teams such as the World Association of Nuclear Operators (“WANO”) Peer Review Team and the Expert Mission Team to its nuclear plants for purposes of meeting international standards for independent review of its facilities. KHNP actively exchanges relevant operational information and technical expertise with its peers in other countries. For example, KHNP conducted five WANO Peer Reviews for Kori #1, 2, 3 and 4, Hanbit #1, 2, 3 and 4 and Shin-Wolsong #1 and 2 in 2015. KHNP also invited WANO Follow-up Peer Review Team at Kori #1 and 2, Hanbit #1 and 2 and the KHNP’s corporate headquarters in December 2015. The recommendations and findings from this event were shared with KHNP’s other nuclear plants to implement improvements at such plants.

The average level of radiation dose per unit amounted to a relatively low level of 0.37 man-Sv in 2015, which was substantially lower than the global average of 0.72 man-Sv/year in 2015 as reported in the WANO performance indicator report.

In response to the damage to the nuclear facilities in Japan as a result of the tsunami and earthquake in March 2011, the Government conducted additional safety inspections on nuclear power plants by a group of experts from governmental authorities, civic groups and academia. As a result of such inspections, the Government required KHNP to perform 50 comprehensive safety improvement measures. The Government also established the Nuclear Safety & Security Commission in October 2011 for neutral and independent safety appraisals. KHNP developed ten additional measures through benchmarking of overseas cases and internal analysis of current operations. As of December 31, 2015, KHNP has completed implementation of all such measures.

Low and intermediate level waste, or LILW, and spent fuels are stored in temporary storage facilities at each nuclear site of KHNP. The temporary LILW storage facilities at the nuclear sites had been sufficient to accommodate all LILWs produced up to 2015. Korea Radioactive Waste Agency (“KORAD”) completed the construction of a LILW disposal facility in the city of Gyeongju, and government approval for its operations was obtained in December 2014. Starting from December 2010, LILW stored in temporary storage facilities at Hanul and Wolsong was transferred to a disposal facility in the city of Gyeongju.

In order to increase the storage capacity of temporary storage facilities for spent fuels, KHNP has been pursuing various projects, such as installing high-density racks in spent fuel pools and building dry storage facilities. Through these activities, we expect that the storage capacity for spent fuels in all nuclear sites will be sufficient to accommodate all the spent fuels produced by 2016. The policy for spent fuel management options is currently under development.

In 2009, the Radioactive Waste Management Act (“RWMA”) was enacted in an effort to centralize management of the disposal of spent fuel and LILW and enhance the security and efficiency of related management processes. The RWMA designates KORAD to manage the disposal of spent fuels and LILW. Pursuant to the RWMA, the Government has established the Radioactive Waste Management Fund. The management expense for LILW is paid when LILW is transferred to KORAD, and the charge for spent fuel is paid based on the quantity generated every quarter. LILW-related management costs and charges for spent fuel are reviewed by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy every two years. In December 2014, such costs and charges were increased by a committee composed of Government officials, KHNP, Korea Radioactive Waste Management Corporation and experts in finance and accounting. This may result in an increase in future expenses that KHNP may incur in relation to radioactive waste.

All of KHNP’s nuclear plants are currently in compliance with Korean law and regulations and the safety standards of the IAEA in all material respects. For a description of certain past incidents relating to quality assurance in respect of KHNP, see Item 3.D. “Risk Factors—Findings of falsified testing results and bribery and the subsequent prolonged shutdowns of certain of our nuclear generation units may adversely hurt our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.”

Decommissioning

Decommissioning of a nuclear power unit is the process whereby the unit is shut down at the end of its life, the fuel is removed and the unit is eventually dismantled. KHNP implements a dismantling policy under which dismantling would take place five to ten years after the unit’s closure. KHNP renewed the operating license of Kori #1, the first nuclear power plant constructed in Korea, which commenced operation in 1978, for an additional ten years in 2007. At the recommendation of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, KHNP has decided not to renew the operating license of Kori #1. Therefore decommissioning of Kori #1 will begin upon expiration of the operating license in June 2017. In February 2015, KHNP also renewed the operation license of Wolsong #1 (which originally expired in November 2012) for an additional ten years until 2022. In June 2015, reactivation of Wolsong #1 was approved by the NSSC after periodic inspection. Decommissioning of KHNP’s nuclear power generation units is not expected to commence during 2016. KHNP retains full financial and operational responsibility for decommissioning its units.

KHNP has accumulated decommissioning costs as a liability since 1983. The decommissioning costs of nuclear facilities are defined by the Radioactive-Waste Management Act, which requires KHNP to credit annual appropriations separately. These costs are estimated based on studies conducted by the relevant committees, and are reviewed by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy every two years. In December 2012, estimated decommissioning costs were increased in consideration of overseas cases of decommissioning, inflation rate assumptions, changes in the operating environment and other criteria. As a result, KHNP was required to accrue additional provisions due to increased future decommissioning costs, and as of December 31, 2015, KHNP accrued Won 12,463 billion for the cost of dismantling and decontaminating existing nuclear power plants, which consisted of dismantling costs of nuclear plants of Won 9,684 billion and dismantling costs of spent fuel and radioactive waste of Won 2,779 billion. For accounting treatment of decommissioning costs, see Item 5.A. “Operating Results—Critical Accounting Policies—Decommissioning Costs.”

Overseas Activities

We are engaged in a number of overseas activities. We believe that such activities help us diversify our revenue streams by leveraging the operational experience of us and our subsidiaries gathered from providing a full range of services, such as power plant construction and specialized engineering and maintenance services in Korea, as well as establishing strategic relationships with countries that are or may become providers of fuels.

Throughout the years, we have sought to diversify the geographic focus of our operations from Asia to the rest of the world, including the resource-rich Middle East, Australia and Africa, as well as expand our project portfolio to include the construction and operation of conventional thermal generation units, nuclear generation units and renewable energy power plants and mining and development of fuel sources. While strategically important, we believe that our overseas activities, as currently being conducted, are not in the aggregate significant in terms of scope or amount compared to our domestic activities. In addition, a number of the overseas contracts currently being pursued are based on non-binding memoranda of understanding and the details of such projects may significantly change during the course of negotiating the definitive agreements.

Below is a description of our major overseas projects.

Generation projects

We are currently engaged in three major power projects in the Philippines: (i) a “build, operate and transfer” of a 1,200-megawatt combined-cycle power plant project in Ilijan, construction of which began in November 1997 and was completed in June 2002 and which is being operated by us until 2022 (the project cost of the Ilijan project was US$721 million, for which project finance on a limited recourse basis was provided), (ii) ownership of a 40% equity interest in SPC Power Corporation, an independent power producer which owns a 107.8-megawatt diesel power plant and a 40% equity interest in two distribution companies in the Philippines, and (iii) a “build, operate and own” of a 200-megawatt CFBC coal power plant in Cebu for which construction began in February 2008 and was completed in May 2011, followed by operation thereof until 2036. The project cost of the Cebu project was US$451 million, for which project financing on a limited recourse basis was provided.

In April 2007, we formed a limited partnership with Shanxi International Electricity Group and Deutsche Bank in China to develop and operate power projects and coal mines in Shanxi province, China, which was approved by the Chinese government. As of December 31, 2015, total capital investment in these projects amounted to US$1.33 billion, of which KEPCO’s capital investment was US$450 million. We are expected to participate in the operation of the project for a period of 50 years ending 2056. As of December 31, 2015, the total installed capacity was 6,021 megawatts and capacity under construction was 738 megawatts, and our equity interest in the partnership was 34%.

In December 2008, we formed a consortium with ACWA Power International of Saudi Arabia and submitted a bid for the 1,204 megawatt oil-fired power project in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia. In March 2009, we were selected as the preferred bidder, and in July 2009, we entered into a power purchase agreement with Saudi Electricity Company. Construction of the project was completed in April 2013, and we will participate in the operation of the plant for 20 years. This project has an estimated project cost of US$2.5 billion. We currently hold a 40.0% equity interest in the joint venture entity, Rabigh Electricity Company, which will oversee the project.

In December 2009, following an international open bidding process, we entered into a prime contract with the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (the “ENEC”), a state-owned nuclear energy provider of the United Arab Emirates (“UAE”), to design and construct four civil nuclear power generation units to be located in Barakah, a region approximately 270 kilometers from Abu Dhabi, for the UAE’s peaceful nuclear energy program. Under the contract, we and our subcontractors, some of which are our subsidiaries, are to perform various duties including, among others, designing and constructing four nuclear power generation units each with a capacity of 1,400 megawatts, supplying nuclear fuel for three fuel cycles including initial loading, with each cycle currently projected to last for approximately 18 months, and providing technical support, training and education related to plant operation. The contract amount for the project is US$18.6 billion, with the term of the contract to last from December 27, 2009 to May 1, 2020. The target completion dates for the four units are set for May 2017, May 2018, May 2019 and May 2020. In addition, in order to foster a long-term strategic partnership and stable management of the units post-construction, we currently plan to make an equity investment in a project company established by ENEC. Details of such investment, including its size and structure, remain subject to further negotiation at this time, and we plan to make further disclosures regarding such investment in due course and as appropriate.

In October 2010, a consortium including us was selected by Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Authority (“ADWEA”), a state-run utilities provider in the UAE, as the preferred bidder in an international bidding for the construction and operation of the combined-cycle natural gas-fired electricity generation facilities in Shuweihat, UAE with aggregate capacity of 1,600 megawatts. Construction was completed in July 2014 and we will participate in the operation of the plant until 2039. The total project cost is estimated to be US$1.5 billion, of which approximately 20% will be financed through equity investments by the consortium members and the

remaining 80% through project financing. Equity interests in the consortium are owned by ADWEA (60.0%), Sumitomo (20.4%) and us (19.6%). The total amount of our equity investment in the project is expected to be approximately US$56 million.

In March 2013, a consortium consisting of us and Marubeni, a Japanese corporation, was selected by the Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam for the construction and operation of a 1,200 megawatt coal-fired power plant in Thanh Hoa province, Vietnam. We will commence construction in December 2016 with target completion by December 2020, followed by operation for 25 years. Total project cost is expected to be US$2.34 billion, of which 25% will be funded by capital contribution and the remaining 75% by debt financing. The share capital of the special purpose entity that will be in charge of this project will be US$574 million, and KEPCO and Marubeni will each hold 50% equity interest in such entity.

Exploration and Production Projects

We pursue exploration and production projects to help us secure a more reliable supply of fuel for power generation and hedge against fluctuations in fuel prices. We have purchased shares and assets of coal mines in countries such as Indonesia, Australia and Canada.

In November 2007, we and EWP entered into a share subscription agreement with Cockatoo Coal Limited (“Cockatoo”), a coal exploration and mining company in Australia. We and EWP currently hold a 0.07% equity interest, in aggregate, in Cockatoo. In January 2008, a consortium consisting of us, four of our wholly owned generation subsidiaries, namely, KOSEP, KOMIPO, KOWEPO, and KOSPO, Korea Resources Corporation and Hanwha Corporation acquired a 10% equity interest in the Moolarben coal mines located in Western Coal Fields, Australia, for a purchase price of A$90 million, of which we and our four generation subsidiaries own a 5% equity interest. Hanwha Corporation sold its shares in 2015, and the equity interest of the consortium was lowered to 9%. Our four generation subsidiaries have coal off-take agreements for a total of 2.5 million tons of coal per annum. In 2015, Moolarben produced 6.9 million tons of coal.

In July 2009, we and KOSEP purchased a 1.5% equity interest in PT Adaro Energy Tbk (“Adaro”) for an aggregate purchase price of US$57 million. Adaro is one of the largest coal producers in Indonesia, and has produced a total of 52 million tons of coal in 2015. As part of this investment, we are entitled to an annual coal procurement of 3 million tons per year.

In July 2010, KEPCO Australia Pty Ltd., our wholly-owned subsidiary, acquired 100% of the equity interest in Anglo Coal (Bylong) Pty Ltd. for a purchase price of A$403 million. In July 2015, we submitted an environmental impact statement in order to obtain environmental approval from the New South Wales government and plan to begin commercial production in 2018.

In August 2010, we purchased a 20% equity interest in PT Bayan Resources Tbk (“Bayan”), an Indonesian mining company, for a purchase price of US$518 million. As part of this investment, we were entitled to an annual coal procurement of 2 million tons per year between 2012 and 2014 and are entitled to 7 million tons per year beginning in 2015.

We are also pursuing development projects for procurements of uranium in countries including Canada, the United States and Niger.

Renewable Energy Projects

Our overseas renewable energy projects include the generation of electricity through renewable energy sources. In September 2005 and April 2006, we and China Datang Corporation of the People’s Republic of China formed joint ventures to build four wind powered generation projects in Gansu, Inner Mongolia and Liaoning province in China. As of December 2015, we are conducting 25 wind power generation projects in the aforementioned areas in China, of which 20 projects with a total capacity of 919 megawatts are currently in operation and five projects are in the preparation stage. The joint ventures were capitalized with RMB 271 million

for the Gansu projects, RMB 3,297 million for the Inner Mongolia projects and RMB 678 million for the Liaoning projects. One-third of the investment was funded with equity contribution and the remaining two-thirds with debt. We and China Datang Corporation hold 40% and 60% of equity interests, respectively, in each of the aforementioned joint ventures.

In December 2015, we entered into an agreement with the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of Jordan to build, own and operate a wind farm with installed capacity of 89.1 megawatts in Fujeij, which is located 150 kilometers south of Amman, Jordan. Construction is expected to begin in November 2016 with commercial operations expected to commence in October 2018. Total project cost is approximately US$176 million, of which 43% will be financed through equity investments by us and the remaining 57% through debt financing. We believe that this project will help us to further diversify our business portfolio in the Middle East from the existing focus on nuclear and thermal power plants to expand to renewable energy facilities.

Although such renewable energy projects are currently insignificant as a proportion of our total overseas activities and our generation activities, we expect the portion of renewable energy projects to increase in the future as we seek to penetrate the overseas renewable energy market, diversify our businesses and actively address climate change. We expect to further diversify our business in the renewable energy sector to also include smart transmission and distribution facilities, smart grids and utilization of new energy related technologies.

North Korea

Kaesong Complex

Since 2005, we have provided electricity to the industrial complex located in Kaesong, North Korea, which was established pursuant to an agreement made during the summit meeting of the two Koreas in June 2000. The Kaesong complex is the largest economic project between the two Koreas and is designed to combine the Republic’s capital and entrepreneurial expertise with the availability of land and labor of North Korea. In March 2005, we built a 22.9 kilovolt distribution line from Munsan substation in Paju, Gyeonggi Province to the Kaesong complex and became the first to supply electricity to pilot zones such as ShinWon Ebenezer. In April 2006, we started to construct a 154 kilovolt, 16 kilometer transmission line connecting Munsan substation to the Kaesong complex as well as Pyunghwa substation in the complex and began operations in May 2007.

As of December 31, 2015, we supplied electricity to 254 units, including administrative agencies, support facilities and resident corporations, using a tariff structure identical to that of South Korea. However, we suspended power transmission to the Kaesong Industrial Complex since February 11, 2016 following the Government’s decision to halt operations of the industrial complex to impede North Korea’s utilization of funds from the industrial complex to finance its nuclear and missile programs. No assurance can be given that we will not experience any material losses as a result of the suspension of this project or failure of the project as a result of a breakdown or escalation of hostilities in the relationship between the Republic and North Korea. See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Korea and the Global Economy—Tensions with North Korea could have an adverse effect on us and the market value of our shares.”

Insurance

We and our generation subsidiaries carry insurance covering against certain risks, including fire, in respect of key assets, including buildings, equipment, machinery, construction-in-progress and procurement in transit, as well as, in the case of KEPCO, directors’ and officers’ liability insurance. We and our generation subsidiaries maintain casualty and liability insurance against risks related to our business to the extent we consider appropriate. Other than KHNP, neither we nor our generation subsidiaries separately insure against terrorist attacks. These insurance and

indemnity policies, however, cover only a portion of the assets that we own and operate and do not cover all types or amounts of loss that could arise in connection with the ownership and operation of these assets.

Substantial liability may result from the operations of our nuclear generation units, the use and handling of nuclear fuel and possible radioactive emissions associated with such nuclear fuel. KHNP maintains property and liability insurance against risks of its business to the extent required by the related law and regulations or considered as appropriate and otherwise self-insures against such risks. KHNP carries insurance for its generation units against certain risks, including property damage, nuclear fuel transportation and liability insurance for personal injury and property damage. KHNP carries property damage insurance covering up to US$1 billion per accident for all properties within its plant complexes, which includes property insurance coverage for acts of terrorism up to US$300 million and for breakdown of machinery up to US$300 million. In addition to the insurance on operating nuclear power generation units, KHNP has construction insurance for Shin-Kori #3 and #4 and Shin-Hanul #1 and #2. KHNP maintains nuclear liability insurance for personal injury and third-party property damage for coverage of up to 300 million Special Drawing Rights, or SDRs, which amounts to approximately US$416 million, at the rate of 1 SDR = US$1.387590 as posted on the Internet homepage of the International Monetary Fund on January 4, 2016 per plant complex, for a total coverage of 1.5 billion SDRs. KHNP is also the beneficiary of a Government indemnity with respect to such risks for damage claims of up to Won 300 million SDRs per nuclear plant complex, for a total coverage of 1.5 billion SDRs. Under the Nuclear Damage Compensation Act of 1969, as amended, KHNP is liable only up to 300 million SDRs, per single accident per plant complex; provided that such limitation will not apply where KHNP intentionally causes harm or knowingly fails to prevent the harm from occurring. KHNP will receive the Government’s support, subject to the approval of the National Assembly, if (i) the damages exceed the insurance coverage amount of 300 million SDRs and (ii) the Government deems such support to be necessary for the purposes of protecting damaged persons and supporting the development of nuclear energy business. KHNP carries insurance for its generation units and nuclear fuel transportation, and we believe that the level of insurance is generally adequate and is in compliance with relevant laws and regulations. In addition, KHNP is the beneficiary of Government indemnity which covers a portion of liability in excess of the insurance. However, such insurance is limited in terms of amount and scope of coverage and does not cover all types or amounts of losses which could arise in connection with the ownership and operation of nuclear plants. Accordingly, material adverse financial consequences could result from a serious accident or a natural disaster to the extent it is neither insured nor covered by the government indemnity. See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to KEPCO—The amount and scope of coverage of our insurance are limited.”

Competition

additional generation capacity (whether coal-fired or not), our market share in Korea may decrease, which may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, under the Community Energy System adopted by the Government in 2004, a minimal amount of electricity is supplied directly to consumers on a localized basis by independent power producers without having to undergo the cost-based pool system used by our generation subsidiaries and most independent power producers to distribute electricity nationwide. The purpose of this system is to geographically decentralize electricity supply and thereby reduce transmission losses and improve the efficiency of energy use. These entities do not supply electricity on a national level but are licensed to supply electricity on a limited basis to their respective districts under the Community Energy System. As of March 31, 2016, the aggregate generation capacity of suppliers participating in the Community Energy System amounted to less than 1% of that of our generation subsidiaries in the aggregate. We currently do not expect the Community Energy System to be widely adopted, especially in light of the significant level of capital expenditure required for such direct supply. However, if the Community Energy System is widely adopted, it may erode our currently dominant market position in the generation and distribution of electricity in Korea and may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The electric power industry, which began its liberalization process with the establishment of our power generation subsidiaries in April 2001, may become further liberalized in accordance with the Restructuring Plan. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Restructuring of the Electric Power Industry in Korea.”

In the residential sector, consumers may use natural gas, oil and coal for space and water heating and cooking. However, currently there is no practical substitute for electricity for lighting and other household appliances, which is available on commercially affordable terms.

In the commercial sector, electricity is the dominant energy source for lighting, office equipment and air conditioning. For its other uses, such as space and water heating, natural gas and, to a lesser extent, oil, provide competitive alternatives to electricity.

In the industrial sector, electricity is the dominant energy source for a number of industrial applications, including lighting and power for many types of industrial machinery and processes that are available on commercially affordable terms. For other uses, such as heating, electricity competes with oil and natural gas and potentially with gas-fired combined heating and power plants.

Regulation

We are a statutory juridical corporation established under the KEPCO Act for the purpose of ensuring a stable supply of electric power and further contributing toward the sound development of the national economy through facilitating development of electric power resources and carrying out proper and effective operation of the electricity business. The KEPCO Act (including the amendment thereto) prescribes that we engage in the following activities:

development of electric power resources;

generation, transmission, transformation and distribution of electricity and other related business activities;

research and development of technology related to the businesses mentioned in items 1 and 2;

overseas businesses related to the businesses mentioned in items 1 through 3;

investments or contributions related to the businesses mentioned in items 1 through 4;

businesses incidental to items 1 through 5;

Development and operation of certain real estate held by us to the extent that:

it is necessary to develop certain real estate held by us due to external factors, such as relocation, consolidation, conversion to indoor or underground facilities or deterioration of our substation or office; or

it is necessary to develop certain real estate held by us to accommodate development of relevant real estate due to such real estate being incorporated into or being adjacent to an area under planned urban development; and

other activities entrusted by the Government.

The KEPCO Act currently requires that our profits be applied in the following order of priority:

•

first, to make up any accumulated deficit;

•

second, to set aside 20.0% or more of profits as a legal reserve until the accumulated reserve reaches one-half of our capital;

•

third, to pay dividends to shareholders;

•

fourth, to set aside a reserve for expansion of our business;

•

fifth, to set aside a voluntary reserve for the equalization of dividends; and

•

sixth, to carry forward surplus profit.

As of December 31, 2015, the legal reserve was Won 1,605 billion and the voluntary reserve was Won 23,720 billion, which consisted of reserve for business expansion of Won 17,903 billion, reserve for investment in social overhead capital of Won 5,277 billion, reserve for research and human development of Won 330 billion and reserve for equalizing dividends of Won 210 billion.

We are under the supervision of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, which has principal responsibility with respect to director and management appointments and rate approval.

Because the Government owns part of our capital stock, the Government’s Board of Audit and Inspection may audit our books.

The Electricity Business Act requires that licenses be obtained in relation to generation, transmission, distribution and sales of electricity, with limited exceptions. We hold the license to generate, transmit, distribute and sell electricity. Each of our six generation subsidiaries holds an electricity generation license. The Electricity Business Act governs the formulation and approval of electricity rates in Korea. See “—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates” above.

On January 28, 2014, the Act for Supporting the Communities Surrounding Transmission and Distribution Lines was enacted, with effect from January 29, 2014, which prescribes measures to be taken by power generation or transmission companies to the communities surrounding transmission and distribution lines. Under this Act, those who own land or houses in the vicinity of transmission and distribution lines may claim compensation for damages or compel purchase of such properties by the power generation or transmission companies which are legally obligated in principle to pay for such damages or purchase such properties. See “—Community Programs” above.

Our operations are subject to various laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and safety. See “—Community Programs” above.

Debt Reduction Program and Related Activities

In 2014, in light of the general policy guideline of the Government for public institutions (including us and our generation subsidiaries) to reduce their respective overall debt levels, we and our generation subsidiaries

have, in consultation with the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and as approved by the Committee for Management of Public Institutions in June 2014, set target debt-to-equity levels and undertaken various programs to reduce debt and improve the overall financial health, including through rationalizing and applying stricter review to (from a profitability and efficiency perspective) various aspects of our operations (both domestic and overseas), inviting private sector investments, disposing of non-core assets (such as non-core or loss-generating overseas operations and real property unrelated to operations), reducing costs, exploring alternative ways to generate additional revenue and developing contingency plans for further cost savings.

In July 2015, the Committee for Management of Public Institutions adjusted the target debt-to-equity levels of us and some of our generation subsidiaries to reflect the change in market conditions relating to disposal of non-core assets.

The following table summarizes some of the actions that we and our generation subsidiaries have undertaken or plan to undertake as part of such debt reduction program.


Entity	Target Debt-to- Equity Level⁽¹⁾	Actual Debt-to-Equity Level⁽¹⁾	Other Related Activities
KEPCO	111% by 2017	129.9% as of December 31, 2014; 99.9% as of December 31, 2015	- Proposed sale of shares in KEPCO KPS - Sale of the properties in our previous headquarters
KHNP	136% by 2017	129% as of December 31, 2014; 117% as of December 31, 2015	- Stricter review of new nuclear generation construction - Rationalization of the procurement process and other budget reduction efforts
EWP	107% by 2017	135% as of December 31, 2014; 121% as of December 31, 2015	- Proposed sale of shares in GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd. and six other domestic and overseas companies
KOMIPO	170% by 2017	138% as of December 31, 2014; 149% as of December 31, 2015	- Proposed sale of Boryeong #6 turbine rotor stock reserve - Proposed sale of real properties in the Gunsan-Janghang Industrial Complex
KOSEP	129% by 2017	128% as of December 31, 2014; 111% as of December 31, 2015	- Cost savings and budget reduction efforts - Discovering new business profit models
KOSPO	143% by 2017	151% as of December 31, 2014; 150% as of December 31, 2015	- Proposed sale of real properties that yield no revenues
KOWEPO	149% by 2017	156% as of December 31, 2014; 164% as of December 31, 2015	- Proposed sale of equity interests in Dongducheon Dream Power - Obtaining private sector investment in Pyeongtaek combined cycle #3 - Accelerated construction of generation units

Note:

(1)	Computed on a separate basis for KEPCO, EWP, and KOSPO.

Despite our best efforts, however, for reasons beyond our control, including macroeconomic environments, government regulations and market forces (such as international market prices for our fuels), we cannot assure whether we or our generation subsidiaries will be able to successfully reduce debt burdens or otherwise improve our

financial health to a level contemplated by the Government or to a level that would be optimal for our capital structure. If we or our generation subsidiaries fail to do so or the measures taken by us or our generation subsidiaries to reduce debt levels or improve financial health have unintended adverse consequences, such developments may have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Proposed Sale of Certain Power Plants and Equity Interests

The following table summarizes our current plans for sale of certain of our assets. The consummation of these plans, however, is subject to, among others, related Government policies and market conditions.


Equity Holdings	Primary Business	Fair Value⁽¹⁾ as of December 31, 2015		Ownership Percentage as of December 31, 2015			Ownership Percentage to be Sold
		(in billions of Won)
KEPCO Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd.	Utility plant maintenance		2,102		52.5	%		1.5	%
KEPCO Engineering & Construction Co., Inc	Architectural engineering for utility plants		877		66.3	%		15.4	%
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.	Electricity metering		47		29.0	%		29.0	%

Note:

(1)	Fair value has been computed as the product of the closing share price on December 31, 2015 multiplied by the number of outstanding shares.

KEPCO Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd.

In December 2007, we completed the initial public offering of KEPCO KPS, formerly our wholly-owned subsidiary, by listing approximately 20.0% of its equity interest on the Korea Stock Exchange. Pursuant to the Public Institution Reform Plan, we sold through block sales to third party investors an aggregate of 27.5% shares in KEPCO KPS on various occasions during the period from December 2012 to April 2015. We currently hold a 52.5% equity interest in KEPCO KPS.

KEPCO Engineering & Construction Co., Inc.

Pursuant to the Third Phase of the Public Institution Reform Plan announced by the Government in August 2008, we conducted the initial public offering of Korea Engineering and Construction Co., Inc., or KEPCO E&C, formerly known as Korea Power Engineering Co., Ltd., in December 2009 for gross proceeds to us of Won 165 billion, following which we owned 77.9% of KEPCO E&C’s shares. In furtherance of the Public Institution Reform Plan and to improve our financial profile, we sold our equity interests representing 3.1%, 4.0% and 4.5% of KEPCO E&C shares in November 2011, December 2013 and December 2014, respectively, in each case to third party investors. We currently hold a 66.3% equity interest in KEPCO E&C.

Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.

In 2003, we privatized Korea Electric Power Industrial Development, or KEPID, formerly our wholly-owned subsidiary, by selling 51.0% of its equity interest to Korea Freedom Federation. Pursuant to the Fifth Phase of the Public Institution Reform Plan announced by the Government in 2009, we sold 20% of the KEPID shares through additional listing. We currently plan to sell the remaining 29.0% of KEPID’s equity interest based on, among others, considerations of economic and market conditions.

Item 4.C. Organizational Structure

As of December 31, 2015, we had 77 subsidiaries, 55 associates and 38 joint ventures (not including any special purpose entities).

Subsidiaries

Our wholly-owned six generation subsidiaries are KHNP, KOSEP, KOMIPO, KOWEPO, KOSPO and EWP. Our non-generation subsidiaries include KEPCO E&C, KEPCO KPS, KEPCO NF, and KEPCO KDN. For a full list of our subsidiaries, including foreign subsidiaries, and their respective jurisdiction of incorporation, please see Exhibit 8.1 attached to this annual report.

Associates and Joint Ventures

An associate is an entity over which we have significant influence and that is neither a subsidiary nor a joint venture. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but does not have control or joint control over those policies. According to IFRS 11, joint arrangements are classified as joint operations or joint ventures, depending on the rights and obligations of the parties to the arrangements. As a result of IFRS 11, we have changed our accounting policy for our interests in joint arrangements. Under IFRS 11, we have classified our interests in joint arrangements as either joint operations (if we have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to an arrangement) or joint ventures (if we have rights only to the net assets of an arrangement). When making this assessment, we considered the structure of the arrangements, the legal form of any separate vehicles, the contractual terms of the arrangements and other facts and circumstances. Previously, the structure of the arrangement was the sole focus of classification. We have re-evaluated our involvement in our only joint arrangement and have reclassified the investment from a jointly controlled entity to a joint venture. See Note 17 of the notes to our financial statements.

The table below sets forth for each of our principal associates and joint ventures the name and our percentage shareholdings and their principal activities as of December 31, 2015.


	Ownership (Percent)		Principal Activities
Associates:
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.		48	Power generation
Korea Gas Corporation⁽¹⁾		20	Importing and wholesaling LNG
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.		29	Electricity metering
YTN Co., Ltd.		21	Broadcasting
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.		44	Generating and distributing vapor and hot/cold water
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.⁽²⁾		15	Wind power generation
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.		29	Power generation
Korea Power Exchange⁽⁶⁾		100	Management of power market
AMEC Partners Korea⁽³⁾		19	Resources management
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.⁽⁹⁾		29	Power generation
Ecollite Co., Ltd.		36	Artificial light-weight aggregate
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.		25	Power generation
Muju Wind Power Co., Ltd.		25	Power generation
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.		25	Power generation
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.^(3)(10)		13	Power generation
JinanJangsu Wind Power Co., Ltd.		25	Power generation
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.		30	Power generation
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.		27	Power generation
SPC Power Corporation		38	Power generation
Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd.		34	Power generation


	Ownership (Percent)		Principal Activities
PT. Cirebon Electric Power		28	Power generation
KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd.⁽⁴⁾		15	Resources development
KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.⁽⁴⁾		15	Resources development
Dolphin Property Limited⁽⁴⁾		15	Rental company
PT Wampu Electric Power		46	Power generation
PT. Bayan Resources TBK		20	Resources development
S-Power Co., Ltd.		49	Power generation
Pioneer Gas Power Limited⁽⁸⁾		40	Power generation
Eurasia Energy Holdings		40	Power generation and resources development
Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.		25	Power generation
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.⁽³⁾		20	Power generation
Hadong Mineral Fiber Co., Ltd.		25	Recycling fly ashes
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.⁽¹¹⁾		14	Power generation
PT. Mutiara Jawa		29	Manufacturing and operating floating coal terminal
Samcheok Eco Material Co., Ltd.^(3)(12)		3	Recycling fly ashes
Noeul Green Energy Co., Ltd.		20	Power generation
Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd.		25	Power generation
Goseong Green Energy Co., Ltd.		3	Power generation
Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd.		4	Power generation
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.		40	Power generation
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.		28	Power generation
DS POWER Co., Ltd.⁽²⁾		11	Power generation
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.		34	Power generation
KS Solar Corp. Ltd.⁽³⁾		19	Power generation
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.⁽²⁾		10	Power generation
Jinbhuvish Power Generation⁽²⁾		5	Power generation
SE Green Energy Co., Ltd.		48	Power generation support
Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.		29	Power generation
Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.		40	Power generation
Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd.		29	Construction and service
Busan Green Energy Co., Ltd.		29	Power generation
Jungbu Bio Energy Co., Ltd.⁽²⁾		19	Power generation
Korea Electric Vehicle Charging Service		28	Electric vehicle charging service
Ulleungdo Natural Energy Co., Ltd.		30	Renewable power generation
Korea Nuclear Partners Co., Ltd.		29	Electric material agency

Joint Ventures:
KEPCO-Uhde Inc.⁽⁷⁾		53	Power generation
Eco Biomass Energy Sdn. Bhd.⁽⁷⁾		62	Power generation
Datang Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.		40	Power generation
Shuweihat Asia Power Investment B.V.		49	Holding company
Shuweihat Asia Operation & Maintenance Company⁽⁷⁾		55	Maintenance of utility plant
Waterbury Lake Uranium L.P.		40	Resources development
ASM-BG Investicii AD		50	Power generation
RES Technology AD		50	Power generation
KV Holdings, Inc.		40	Power generation
KEPCO SPC Power Corporation⁽⁷⁾		75	Construction and operation of utility plant
Canada Korea Uranium Limited Partnership⁽⁵⁾		13	Resources development
KEPCO Energy Resource Nigeria Limited		30	Holding company
Gansu Datang Yumen Wind Power Co., Ltd.		40	Power generation
Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.		40	Power generation


	Ownership (Percent)		Principal Activities
Datang KEPCO Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.		40	Power generation
Rabigh Electricity Company		40	Power generation
Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company		40	Maintenance of utility plant
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited		40	Power generation
KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd.		43	R&D
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.		25	Power generation
GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.		34	Power generation
Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd.		29	Exporting products and technology of small or medium business by proxy
Expressway Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd		29	Power generation
KODE NOVUS 1 LLC.		50	Power generation
KODE NOVUS 2 LLC.		49	Power generation
Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.		50	Power generation
Amman Asia Electric Power Company⁽⁷⁾		60	Power generation
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.⁽⁷⁾		51	R&D
Dangjin Eco Power Co., Ltd.		34	Power generation
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.		29	Power generation
Nepal Water & Energy Development Company Pty Ltd.⁽⁷⁾		53	Construction and operation of utility plant
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.		30	Power generation
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.⁽³⁾		15	Power generation
Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd.		50	Power generation
Kelar S.A.⁽⁷⁾		65	Power generation
PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia		35	Power generation
Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.		29	Power generation
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.		29	Integrated energy business

Notes:

(1)	The effective percentage of ownership is 21.57% considering the treasury stocks.

(2)	We can exercise significant influence by virtue of our contractual right to appoint directors to the board of directors of this entity, and by strict decision criteria of our financial and operating policy of the board of directors.

(3)	We can exercise significant influence by virtue of our contractual right to appoint a director to the board of directors of this entity.

(4)	We can exercise significant influence by virtue of our contractual right to appoint one out of four members of the steering committee of this entity. Moreover, we have significant financial transactions with this entity to the effect that we can exercise significant influence on this entity.

(5)	We have joint control on the associates by virtue of our contractual right to appoint directors to the board of directors of this entity, and by strict decision criteria of our financial and operating policy of the board of directors.

(6)

The Government regulates our ability to make operating and financial decisions over the entity, as the Government requires maintaining arms-length transactions between the Korea Power Exchange and our other subsidiaries. We can exercise significant influence by our right to nominate directors to the board of directors of this entity.

(7)	According to the shareholder agreement, all critical financial and operating decisions must be agreed to by all ownership parties. For these reasons, these entities are classified as joint ventures.

(8)	The reporting period of all associates and joint ventures ends in December 31, except for Pioneer Gas Power Limited whose reporting period ends on March 31.

(9)

As of December 31, 2015, 17.3% of ownership of Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd. was held by NH Power II Co., Ltd. and NH Bank. According to the shareholders’ agreement reached on March 2011, not only do we have a call option to acquire the investment in Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd. from NH Power II Co., Ltd. and NH Bank upon a certain rate of return, NH Power II Co., Ltd. and NH Bank also have put options to dispose of their investment to us. In connection with this agreement, we applied the equity method on our 46.3% equity investment in Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.

(10)	Following the merger of Daeryun Energy Co., Ltd. into Daeryun Power Co., Ltd., its parent, our effective percentage of ownership decreased to 19.45% after accounting for stock purchase options.

(11)	The effective percentage of ownership is less than 20%, but we can exercise significant influence by virtue of our contractual right to appoint a director to the board of directors of this entity and the fact that a dominant portion of the investee’s sales transactions is generated from us.

(12)	Our effective percentage of ownership (excluding the redeemable convertible preferred shares) is 25.54%.

Item 4.D. Property, Plant and Equipment

Our property consists mainly of power generation, transmission and distribution equipment and facilities in Korea. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Power Generation,” “—Transmission and Distribution” and “—Capital Investment Program.” In addition, we own our corporate headquarters building complex at 55 Jeollyeok-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58217, Korea. As of December 31, 2015, the net book value of our property, plant and equipment was Won 141,361 billion. As of December 31, 2015, investment property, which is accounted for separately from our property, plant and equipment, amounted to Won 270 billion. No significant amount of our properties is leased. There are no material encumbrances on our properties, including power generation, transmission and distribution equipment and facilities.

In connection with the recent relocation of our headquarters in December 2014 pursuant to a government plan, in September 2014 we entered into a definitive agreement with a consortium consisting of Hyundai Motor Company, Kia Motors Corporation and Hyundai Mobis for the sale of the properties in our previous headquarters for a sale price of Won 10,550 billion. The sale was made following an open bidding, and the assessment value for such properties was approximately Won 3,335 billion. Under the sales agreement, the purchaser made a deposit equal to 10% of the purchase price on the date of the agreement, paid the first installment equal to 30% of the purchase price on January 15, 2015 and paid the remaining proceeds in two equal installments on May 25 and September 25, 2015, and the title to the properties transferred on September 25, 2015, the date the full purchase price was paid.

On December 31, 2015, we completed the sales of 37 properties (including residential properties, storage spaces, and substation lots that are located in Korea) which are not directly related to our operations for an aggregate sale price of approximately Won 219 billion. The book value of such properties amounted to Won 145 billion, representing 1.8% of our total assets as of December 31, 2015. The foregoing sales reflect our plans to improve our financial soundness through debt reduction and enhance our management efficiency, selling noncore properties that have no direct relations to electricity facilities.

ITEM 4A.

UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

We do not have any unresolved comments from the SEC staff regarding our periodic reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).

ITEM 5.

OPERATING AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND PROSPECTS

You should read the following discussion on our operating and financial review and prospects together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes which appear elsewhere in this annual report. Our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows may materially change from time to time, for reasons

including various policy initiatives (including changes to the Restructuring Plan) by the Government in relation to the Korean electric power industry, and accordingly our historical performance may not be indicative of our future performance. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Restructuring of the Electric Power Industry in Korea” and Item 3.D. “Risk Factors—The Government may adopt policy measures to substantially restructure the Korean electric power industry or our operational structure, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and profitability.”

Item 5.A. Operating Results

Overview

We are a predominant market participant in the Korean electric power industry, and our business is heavily regulated by the Government, including with respect to the rates we charge to customers for the electricity we sell. In addition, our business requires a high level of capital expenditures for the construction of electricity generation, transmission and distribution facilities and is subject to a number of variable factors, including demand for electricity in Korea and fluctuations in fuel costs, which are in turn impacted by the movements in the exchange rates between the Won and other currencies.

Under the Electricity Business Act and the Price Stabilization Act, the Government generally establishes electricity rates at levels that are expected to permit us to recover our operating costs attributable to our basic electricity generation, transmission and distribution operations in addition to receiving a fair investment return on capital used in those operations. For a detailed description of the fair investment return, see Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates.” From 2008 to 2012, we had consecutive net losses and, from time to time, operating losses, due to substantial increases in fuel prices which have more than offset the effect from the increases in the electricity tariff rates we charge to our customers. From 2013 to 2015, largely due to increases in electricity tariff rates, the general decline of fuel prices, the sale of the properties in our previous headquarters and the greater use of coal relative to LNG (the former being a cheaper source of fuel) as a proportion of the fuels used to produce electricity, our gross profit, operating profit and net profit increased significantly.

If fuel prices were to rise substantially and rapidly in the future, such rise may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and profitability. In part to address these concerns, the Government from time to time increases the electricity tariff rates (most recently in January and November 2013). However, such increases may be insufficient to fully offset the adverse impact from the rise in fuel costs, and since such increases typically require lengthy public deliberations in order to be implemented, the tariff increases often occur with a significant time lag and as a result our results of operations and cash flows may suffer. On the other hand, if fuel prices decrease, substantial political pressure may lead the Government to lower the level of electricity tariff in a relatively shorter period of time due to the lack of public opposition, which could negatively affect our profit margins and in turn our financial condition and results of operations.

The results of our operations are largely affected by the following factors:

•

demand for electricity;

•

electricity rates we charge to our customers;

•

fuel costs; and

•

the exchange rates of Won against other foreign currencies, in particular the U.S. dollar.

Demand for Electricity

Our sales are largely dependent on the level of demand for electricity in Korea and the rates we charge for the electricity we sell.

Demand for electricity in Korea grew at a compounded average rate of 2.2% per annum for the five years ended December 31, 2015. According to the Bank of Korea, the compounded growth rate for real GDP was approximately 2.8% during the same period. The GDP increased, on a year-on-year basis, by 2.9% in 2013, by 3.3% in 2014 and by 2.6% in 2015.


	2011			2012			2013			2014			2015
Growth in GDP		3.7	%		2.3	%		2.9	%		3.3	%		2.6	%
Growth in electricity consumption		4.8	%		2.5	%		1.8	%		0.6	%		1.3	%

Demand for electricity may be categorized either by the type of its usage or by the type of customers. The following describes the demand for electricity by the type of its usage, namely, industrial, commercial and residential:

•

Demand for electricity from the commercial sector has increased in recent years, largely due to increased commercial activities in Korea and the rapid expansion of the service sector of the Korean economy, which has resulted in increased office building construction, office automation and use of air conditioners. Demand for electricity from the commercial sector increased to 103,679 gigawatt hours in 2015, representing a 2.9% increase from 2014 largely due to the recovery of market demand as a result of various government policies to boost the economy.

•

In 2015, we distributed electricity to approximately 22 million households, which represent substantially all of the households in Korea. Demand for electricity from the residential sector is largely dependent on population growth and use of heaters, air conditioners and other electronic appliances. Demand for electricity from the residential sector increased to 65,619 gigawatt hours in 2015, representing a 1.8% increase compared to 2014, largely due to an increase in household electricity usage for air conditioning and heating.

For a discussion on demand by the type of customers, see Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Demand by the Type of Usage.”

Since our inception, we have had the predominant market share in terms of electricity generated in Korea. As for electricity we purchase from the market for transmission and distribution to our end-users, our generation subsidiaries accounted for 89.4%, 86.2% and 83.3% in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively, while the remainder was accounted for by independent power producers. As for transmission and distribution of electricity, we have historically handled, expect to continue to handle, substantially all of such activities in Korea.

We expect that we will continue to have a dominant market share in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in Korea for the foreseeable future, absent any substantial changes to the Restructuring Plan or other policy initiatives by the Government in relation to the Korean electric power industry, or an unexpected level of market penetration by independent power producers or localized electricity suppliers under the Community Energy System. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Competition.”

Electricity Rates

Under the Electricity Business Act and the Price Stabilization Act, electricity rates are established at levels that will permit us to recover our operating costs attributable to our basic electricity generation, transmission and distribution operations in addition to receiving a fair investment return on capital used in those operations. For further discussion of fair investment return, see Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates.”

From time to time, our actual rate of return on invested capital may differ significantly from the fair rate of return on invested capital assumed for the purposes of electricity tariff approvals, for reasons, among others, related to movements in fuel prices, exchange rates and demand for electricity that differs from what is assumed for determining our fair rate of return. For example, between 1987 and 1990, the actual rate of return was above the fair rate of return due to declining fuel costs and rising demand for electricity. In contrast, depreciation of the Won against the U.S. dollar accounted for our actual rates of return being lower than the fair rate of return for the period from 1996 to 2000. Partly in response to the variance between our actual rates of return and the fair rate of return, the Government from time to time increases the electricity tariff rates, but there typically is a significant time lag for the tariff increase as such increase requires a series of deliberative processes and administrative procedures and the Government also has to consider other policy considerations, such as the inflationary effect of overall tariff increases and the efficiency of energy use through sector-specific tariff increases. For the period since 2006, our actual rate of return has been lower than the fair rate of return largely due to increases in fuel costs and additional facility investment costs, the effects of which were not offset by timely increases in the electricity tariff rates.

•

Fuel Costs

Our results of operations are also significantly affected by the cost of producing electricity, which is subject to a variety of factors, including, in particular, the cost of fuel.

Cost of fuel in any given year is a function of the volume of fuels consumed and the unit fuel cost for the various types of fuel used for generation of electricity which affects the cost structure for both our generation subsidiaries and independent power producers from whom we purchase electric power. A significant change in the unit fuel costs materially impacts the costs of electricity generated by our generation subsidiaries, which mainly comprise our fuel costs under the cost of sales, as well as, to our knowledge, the costs of electricity generated by the independent power producers that sell their electricity to us (see Item 4.A. “Purchase of Electricity—Cost-based Pool System”), which mainly comprise our purchased power costs under the cost of sales. We are however unable to provide a comparative analysis since the unit fuel cost information for independent power producers and their cost structures are proprietary information.

Fuel costs accounted for 45.1%, 36.1% and 25.9% of our sales and 47.8%, 41.4% and 33.3% of our cost of sales in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Substantially all of the fuel (except for anthracite coal) used by our generation subsidiaries is imported from outside of Korea at prices determined in part by prevailing market prices in currencies other than Won. In addition, our generation subsidiaries purchase a significant portion of their fuel requirements under contracts with limited quantity and duration. Pursuant to the terms of our long-term supply contracts, prices are adjusted from time to time subject to prevailing market conditions. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Fuel.”

Uranium accounted for 30.9%, 35.3% and 38.1% of our fuel requirements in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Coal accounted for 44.8%, 46.0% and 47.9% of our fuel requirements in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. LNG accounted for 19.7%, 15.5% and 10.7% of our fuel requirements in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Oil accounted for 3.3%, 1.7% and 2.2% of our fuel requirements in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. In each case, the fuel requirements are measured by the amount of electricity generated by us and our generation subsidiaries and do not include electricity purchased from independent power producers. In order to ensure stable supplies of fuel materials, our generation subsidiaries enter into long-term and medium-term contracts with various suppliers and supplement such supplies with fuel materials purchased on spot markets.

The price of bituminous coal, which represents our largest fuel requirement, fluctuates significantly from time to time. In 2015, approximately 79% of the bituminous coal requirements of our generation subsidiaries were purchased under long-term contracts and the remaining 21% purchased on the spot market. The average daily spot price of “free on board” Newcastle coal 6300 GAR published by Platts declined from US$70.3 per ton in 2014 to US$58.0 per ton in 2015 and was US$52.6 per ton as of April 15, 2016. If the price of bituminous coal were to sharply rise, our generation subsidiaries may not be able to secure their respective bituminous coal supplies at prices commercially acceptable to them. In addition, any significant interruption or delay in the supply of fuel, bituminous coal in particular, from any of their suppliers could cause our generation subsidiaries to purchase fuel on the spot market at prices higher than contracted, resulting in an increase in fuel cost.

In recent years, the prices of oil and LNG have fallen significantly. The prices of oil and LNG are substantially dependent on the price of crude oil, and according to Bloomberg (Bloomberg Ticker: PGCRDUBA), the average daily spot price of Dubai crude oil per barrel declined from US$105.4 in 2013 and US$96.6 in 2014 to US$51.1 in 2015 and was US$39.3 as of April 15, 2016.

Nuclear power has a stable and relatively low-cost structure and forms a significant portion of electricity supplied in Korea. Due to significantly lower unit fuel costs compared to those for thermal power plants, our nuclear power plants are generally operated at full capacity with only routine shutdowns for fuel replacement and maintenance, with limited exceptions. In case of shortage in electricity generation resulting from stoppages of the nuclear power plants, we seek to make up for such shortage with power generated by our thermal power plants.

Because the Government heavily regulates the rates we charge for the electricity we sell (see Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates”), our ability to pass on such cost increases to our customers is limited. For example, from 2008 to 2012 we had consecutive net losses and, from time to time, operating losses, largely due to sustained rises in fuel costs that were neither timely nor sufficiently offset by a corresponding rise in electricity tariff rates. If fuel prices substantially increase and the Government, out of concern for inflation or for other reasons, maintains the current level of electricity tariff and does not increase it to a level to sufficiently offset the impact of rising fuel prices, the price increases will negatively affect our profit margins or even cause us to suffer net losses and our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows would suffer.

Movements of the Won against the U.S. Dollar and Other Foreign Currencies

Korean Won has fluctuated significantly against major currencies from time to time. For fluctuations in exchange rates, see Item 3.A. “Selected Financial Data—Currency Translations and Exchange Rates.” In particular, Korean Won underwent substantial fluctuations during the recent global financial crisis, and remains subject to significant volatility. The Noon Buying Rate per one U.S. dollar fluctuated from Won 1,055.3 on December 31, 2013 to Won 1,090.9 on December 31, 2014 and to Won 1,169.3 on December 31, 2015 and was Won 1,144.8 on April 15, 2016. In 2015, the Won generally depreciated against U.S. dollar and other foreign currencies, and such depreciation may result in a significant increase in the cost of fuel materials and equipment purchased from overseas as well as the cost of servicing our foreign currency debt. As of December 31, 2015, approximately 21.2% of our long-term debt (including the current portion but excluding issue discounts and premium) before accounting for swap transactions was denominated in foreign currencies, principally U.S. dollars. The prices for substantially all of

the fuel materials and a significant portion of the equipment we purchase are stated in currencies other than Won, generally in U.S. dollars. Since a substantial portion of our revenues is denominated in Won, we must generally obtain foreign currencies through foreign currency-denominated financings or from foreign currency exchange markets to make such purchases or service such debt, fulfill our obligations under existing overseas investments and make new overseas investments. As a result, any significant depreciation of Won against U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies will have a material adverse effect on our profitability and results of operations. See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to KEPCO—The movement of Won against the U.S. dollar and other currencies may have a material adverse effect on us.”

Recent Accounting Changes

New Amendments Adopted

New amendments to IFRS and other accounting standards are set forth below. These amendments had no impact on our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

•

Amendments to IAS 19—Employee Benefits

See Note 2 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report for further related information.

New Standards and Amendments Not Yet Adopted

The following new standards and amendments to existing IFRS and other standards are effective for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2015; however, we have not adopted such amendments yet and are currently in the process of evaluating the impact on our consolidated financial statements upon the adoption of these amendments.

•

IFRS 9—Financial Instruments

•

IFRS 15—Revenue from contract with customers

•

Amendments to IAS 16—Property, Plant and Equipment

•

Amendments to IAS 38—Intangible Assets

•

Amendments to IFRS 11—Joint Arrangements

•

IFRS 16—Leases

•

Amendments to IAS 12—Income Taxes

See Note 2 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report for further related information.

Critical Accounting Policies

The following discussion and analysis are based on our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. The fundamental objective of financial reporting is to provide useful information that allows a reader to comprehend our business activities. To aid in that understanding, our management has identified “critical accounting policies.”

We make a number of estimates and judgments in preparing our consolidated financial statements. These estimates may differ from actual results and have a significant impact on our recorded assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We consider an estimate to be a critical

accounting estimate if it requires a high level of subjectivity or judgment and a significant change in the estimate would have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. Further discussion of these critical accounting estimates and policies is included in the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

The accounting policies set out below have been applied consistently by us and our subsidiaries to all periods presented in the consolidated annual financial statements, unless otherwise indicated.

Sale and Purchase of Electricity

The Government approves the rates we charge to customers. Our utility rates are designed to recover our reasonable costs plus a fair investment return. We purchase electricity principally from our generation subsidiaries based on a competitive bidding process though the Korea Power Exchange.

We recognize electricity sales revenue based on power sold (transferred to the customer) up to the reporting date. To determine the amount of power sold, we make reasonable estimates on daily power volumes for residential, commercial, industrial and other uses. The differences between the current month’s estimated amounts and actual (meter-read) amounts are adjusted (trued-up) during the next month period.

Derivative Instruments

We recognize rights and obligations arising from derivative instruments as assets and liabilities, which are stated at fair value. The gains and losses that result from the change in the fair value of derivative instruments are reported in current earnings. However, for derivative instruments designated as hedging the exposure of variable cash flows, the effective portions of the gains or losses on the hedging instruments are recorded as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and credited or charged to operations at the time the hedged transactions affect earnings, and the ineffective portions of the gains or losses are credited or charged immediately to operations.

Significant management judgment is involved in determining the fair value of estimated derivative instruments. The estimates and assumptions used by our management to determine fair value can be impacted by many factors, such as the estimated discount factor derived from observable market data, credit risk of the counterparty and the estimated cash flow based on settlement period, interest convention, and other contract information of the derivative instruments.

As of December 31, 2013, we had Won 614 billion of net amounts as liabilities, and as of December 31, 2014, we had Won 168 billion of net amounts as assets. As of December 31, 2015, we had Won 451 billion of net amounts as liabilities. Changes in the estimated discount factor or cash flow, or changes in the assumptions and judgments by management underlying these estimates, may cause material revisions to the estimated total gain or loss effect of derivative instruments, which could have a material effect on the recorded asset or liability.

Decommissioning Costs

We recognize the fair value of estimated decommissioning costs as a liability in the period in which we incur a legal obligation associated with retirement of long-lived assets that result from acquisition, construction, development and/or normal use of the assets. We also recognize a corresponding asset that is depreciated over the life of the asset. Accretion expense consists of period-to-period changes in the liability for decommissioning costs resulting from the passage of time and revisions to either the timing or the amount of the original estimate of undiscounted cash flows. Depreciation and accretion expenses are included in the cost of electric power in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Significant management judgment is involved in determining the fair value of estimated decommissioning costs. The estimates and assumptions used by our management to determine fair value can be impacted by many factors, such as the estimated decommissioning costs based on engineering studies commissioned and approved by the Korean government, and changes in assumed dates of decommissioning, inflation rate, discount rate, decommissioning technology, regulation and the general economy.

As of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, we had a liability for decommissioning costs in the amounts of Won 12,348 billion, Won 13,234 billion and Won 12,562, respectively. Changes in the estimated costs or timing of decommissioning, or changes in the assumptions and judgments by management underlying these estimates, may cause material revisions to the estimated total cost to decommission these facilities, which could have a material effect on the recorded liability. We used discount rates of 4.49%, 4.49% and 3.55% and inflation rates of 2.93%, 2.93% and 1.40% when calculating the decommissioning cost liability of nuclear plants recorded as of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively, and discount rate of 4.49% and inflation rate of 2.93% when calculating the decommissioning cost liability of spent fuel recorded as of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015. In addition, the following is a sensitivity analysis of the potential impact on decommissioning costs from a 0.10% increase or decrease in each of the inflation rate and the discount rate, assuming that all other aforementioned assumptions remain constant:

Sensitivity to inflation rate

Sensitivity to discount rate

+0.10%

-0.10%

+0.10%

-0.10%

(in billions of Won)

Increase (decrease) of liability for decommissioning costs

￦

276

￦

(268

)

￦

(254

)

￦

261

See Notes 26 and 45 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report for further related information.

Provision for Decontamination of Transformer

Under the Persistent Organic Pollutants Management Act which was enacted in 2007, we are required to remove PCB from our transformers’ insulating oil by 2025. We are also required to inspect the PCB levels in our transformers and dispose of any PCBs in excess of established safety standards.

As of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, we had liabilities of Won 220 billion, Won 200 billion and Won 182 billion, respectively, for inspection and disposal costs related to the decontamination of existing transformers.

The estimates and assumptions used by our management to determine fair value can be affected by many factors, such as the estimated costs of inspection and disposal, inflation rate, discount rate, regulations and the general economy.

Changes in the estimated costs or changes in the assumptions and judgments underlying these estimates may cause material revisions to the estimated total costs, which could have a material effect on our recorded liability. When calculating the provision for the decontamination of our transformers, we used a discount rate of 4.92% and an inflation rate of 3.10% as of December 31, 2013, a discount rate of 3.78% and an inflation rate of 2.79% as of December 31, 2014 and a discount rate of 3.21% and an inflation rate of 2.65% as of December 31, 2015.

Deferred Tax Assets

In assessing the realizability of the deferred tax assets, our management considers whether it is probable that a portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of our deferred tax assets is dependent on whether we are able to generate future taxable income in specific tax jurisdictions during the periods in which temporary differences become deductible. Our management has scheduled the expected future

reversals of the temporary differences and projected future taxable income in making this assessment. Based on these factors, our management believes that it is probable that we will realize the benefits of these temporary differences as of December 31, 2015. However, the amount of deferred tax assets that is realized may be different if we do not realize estimated future taxable income during the carry forward periods as originally expected.

In relation to the deferred tax assets recognized for tax loss, future taxable income is estimated considering the followings: (i) five-year mid-to long-term financial forecasts of earnings before tax approved by management and submitted to the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, and (ii) average amount of tax adjustments for the recent three years.

For tax credits carried forward, similar to deferred tax assets recognized for tax loss, our management estimates the probability timing of future taxable profits in determining the probability of utilization of tax credits carried forward. In addition, our management considers the possible carry forward period and available tax credit or deductible temporary differences within the tax laws of each country in which the tax credits originated.

Similarly, our management also estimates the probability of utilization of temporary differences considering the probability of generating future taxable profits in the periods that the deductible temporary differences reverse. We do not recognize deferred tax assets for certain temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates, and interests in joint ventures considering future dividends or disposals.

We recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax bases of assets and liabilities at each separate taxpaying entity. Under IFRS, a deferred tax asset is recognized for temporary difference that will result in deductible amounts in future years and for carry forwards. If, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely that some or the entire portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized, that portion is deducted directly from the deferred tax asset.

We believe that the accounting estimate related to the realizability of deferred tax asset is a “critical accounting estimate” because: (i) it requires management to make assessments about the timing of future events, including the probability of expected future taxable income and available tax planning opportunities, and (ii) the difference between these assessments and the actual performance could have a material impact on the realization of tax benefits as reported in our results of operations. Management’s assumptions require significant judgment because actual performance has fluctuated in the past and may continue to do so.

Useful Lives of Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, plant and equipment are initially measured at cost and after initial recognition, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. The cost of property, plant and equipment includes expenditures arising directly from the construction or acquisition of the asset, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management and the initial estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the item and restoring the site on which it is located.

Economic useful life is the duration of time the asset is expected to be productively employed by us, which may be less than its physical life. Management’s assumptions on the following factors, among others, affect the determination of estimated economic useful life: wear and tear, obsolescence, technical standards, changes in market demand and technological changes.

The estimated useful lives of our property, plant and equipment are as follows:


		Useful lives (years)
Buildings		8 ~ 40
Structures		8 ~ 50
Machinery		6 ~ 32
Vehicles		4
Loaded heavy water		30
Asset retirement costs		18, 30, 40
Finance lease assets		20
Ships		9
Others		4 ~ 9

A component that is significant compared to the total cost of property, plant and equipment is depreciated over its separate useful life. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each reporting date and adjusted, if appropriate.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

At the end of each reporting period, we review the carrying amounts of tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, we estimate the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Where a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment at least annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired. Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell or value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present values using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or a cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or the cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in income or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

In the event that an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, ensuring that such carrying amount increase does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or the cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in income or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

The assessment of impairment is a critical accounting estimate, because significant management judgment is required to determine: (i) whether an indicator of impairment has occurred, (ii) how assets should be grouped, and (iii) the recoverable amount of the asset or asset group in the case of an impairment. If management’s assumptions about these assets change as a result of events or circumstances, and management believes the assets may have declined in value, we may record impairment charges, resulting in lower profits. Our management uses

its best estimate in making these evaluations and considers various factors, including the future prices of energy, fuel costs and other operating costs. However, actual market prices and operating costs could vary from those used in the impairment evaluations, and the impact of such variations could be material. We performed impairment tests on individual assets of KOSEP and EWP, both of which are wholly owned subsidiaries, for the year ended December 31, 2015 and Garolim Tidal Power Plant Co., Ltd., a 49% owned subsidiary, for the year ended December 31, 2014. Accordingly, we recognized the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount as impairment loss on our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. See Note 18 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report for further information.

Accrual for Loss Contingencies for Legal Claims

We are involved in legal proceedings regarding matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In relation to these matters, as of December 31, 2015, we and our subsidiaries were engaged in 750 lawsuits as a defendant and 170 lawsuits as a plaintiff. The total amount claimed against us and our subsidiaries was Won 1,052 billion and the total amount claimed by us was Won 436 billion as of December 31, 2015. As of December 31, 2015, our provisions for these legal claims amounted to Won 168 billion. These provisions are adjusted when events or circumstances cause these judgments or estimates to change.

Actual amounts of our liabilities as determined upon settlement of legal claims or by final decisions of the courts in relation thereto may be substantially different from the amounts of provisions recognized or contingent liabilities disclosed. If the actual amounts are higher than the amounts of related provisions, the resulting additional liabilities would adversely impact our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.

Consolidated Results of Operations

2015 Compared to 2014

In 2015, our consolidated sales, which is principally derived from the sale of electric power, increased by 2.6% to Won 58,582 billion from Won 57,123 billion in 2014, reflecting primarily a 0.3% increase in our average electricity tariff rates in 2015 compared to 2014 and a 1.3% increase in the volume of electricity sold from 477,592 gigawatt hours in 2014 to 483,655 gigawatt hours in 2015. The overall increase in the volume of electricity sold was primarily attributable to a 0.4% increase in the volume of electricity sold to the industrial sector, which represents the largest segment of electricity consumption in Korea, from 272,552 gigawatt hours in 2014 to 273,548 gigawatt hours in 2015, a 2.9% increase in the volume of electricity sold to the commercial sector, which represents the second largest segment of electricity consumption in Korea, from 100,761 gigawatt hours in 2014 to 103,679 gigawatt hours in 2015, and a 1.8% increase in the volume of electricity sold to the residential sector from 64,457 gigawatt hours in 2014 to 65,619 gigawatt hours in 2015. The increase in the volume of electricity sold to the industrial sector was primarily due to the general increase in demand for electricity as a result of continued export-led growth of the Korean economy, which involved an increased industrial output and greater capacity utilization in industrial plants. The increase in the volume of electricity sold to the commercial sector was primarily due to the recovery of market demand as a result of various government policies to boost the economy. The increase in the volume of electricity sold to the residential sector was primarily due to an increase in household electricity usage for air conditioning and heating. Sales of construction services increased by 26.8% to Won 3,761 billion in 2015 from Won 2,965 billion primarily due to an increase in sales related to our nuclear complex construction projects in the UAE.

Our consolidated cost of sales, which is principally derived from the costs related to the purchase of fuels for generation of electricity and to a lesser extent, from the purchase of power from independent power producers, depreciation and salaries, decreased by 8.7% to Won 45,458 billion in 2015 from Won 49,763 billion in 2014, primarily due to a 26.4% decrease in fuel costs and a 9.3% decrease in purchased power, which was partially offset by a 5.7% increase in depreciation, a 12.5% increase in salaries and a 22.8% increase in other cost of sales.

Fuel costs, which accounted for 33.3% and 41.4% of our consolidated cost of sales in 2015 and 2014, respectively, decreased by 26.4% to Won 15,159 billion in 2015 from Won 20,595 billion in 2014 largely due to a 28.7% decrease in unit fuel cost mainly resulting from the general decline in international market prices for our main fuel types, as well as an increased use of less expensive fuel sources such as coal and nuclear power due to the operation commencement of one nuclear unit and two coal units, and the resumption of one nuclear unit in 2015. Purchased power, which accounted for 25.1% and 25.3% of our cost of sales in 2015 and 2014, respectively, decreased by 9.3% to Won 11,428 billion in 2015 from Won 12,602 billion in 2014, primarily due to a 22.7% decrease in the cost of power purchased, from Won 154.70 per kilowatt-hour in 2014 to Won 119.60 per kilowatt-hour in 2015, primarily due to a general decline in international market prices for our main fuel types. Depreciation expense, excluding Won 1,057 billion and Won 957 billion in 2015 and in 2014, respectively arising from amortization of nuclear fuel charged to fuel costs aforementioned, increased by 5.0% to Won 7,102 billion in 2015 from Won 6,763 billion in 2014 primarily due to an increase of additional property, plant and equipment related to the construction of new generation facilities pursuant to our capital investment program.

Salaries recorded as cost of sales increased by 12.5% to Won 2,962 billion in 2015 from Won 2,634 billion in 2014 primarily due to an increase in base salary in tandem with the inflation rate and increase in expenses to provision amounts for the ordinary wage litigation as described in Item 8.A. “Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.” Other cost of sales increased by 22.8% to Won 8,805 billion in 2015 from Won 7,169 billion in 2014 primarily due to an increase in costs related to our nuclear complex construction projects in the UAE.

As a cumulative result of the foregoing factors, our consolidated gross profit increased by 78.3% to Won 13,124 billion in 2015 from Won 7,360 billion in 2014, and our consolidated gross profit margin increased to 22.4% in 2015 from 12.9% in 2014. The increases in our consolidated gross profit and consolidated gross profit margin were largely attributable to the 2.6% increase in our consolidated sales (which was primarily due to the 0.3% increase in our average electricity tariff rates and the 1.3% increase in the volume of electricity sold, as well as the 26.8% overall increase in the sales of construction services) and the 8.7% decrease in our consolidated cost of sales (which was mainly due to the 26.4% decrease in fuel costs partially offset by the 22.8% increase in other cost of sales).

Our consolidated selling and administrative expenses increased by 11.9% to Won 2,153 billion in 2015 from Won 1,924 billion in 2014, largely due to an increase in salaries recorded as selling and administrative expenses, which was partially offset by a decrease in bad debt expense.

Our consolidated other income, net of expenses, increased by 5.0% to Won 699 billion in 2015 from Won 666 billion in 2014, mainly as a result of an increase in revenue related to the transfer of assets from customers, which were substantially offset by a decrease in gains on electricity infrastructure development fund.

Our consolidated net other gains increased significantly to Won 8,611 billion in 2015 from Won 107 billion in 2014, primarily as a result of an increase in gains on disposal of property, plant and equipment. Gains on disposal of property, plant and equipment increased largely due to the sale of the properties in our previous headquarters.

As a cumulative result of the foregoing factors, our consolidated operating profit increased more than threefold to Won 20,281 billion in 2015 from Won 6,209 billion in 2014, and our consolidated operating income margin increased to 34.6% in 2015 from 10.9% in 2014. These increases were mainly due to the 2.6% increase in our consolidated sales and the 8.7% decrease in our consolidated cost of sales as well as a significant increase in our consolidated net other gains primarily as a result of an increase in gains on disposal of property, plant and equipment due to the sale of the properties in our previous headquarters

Our consolidated finance expenses, net, decreased by 18.8% to Won 1,832 billion in 2015 from Won 2,255 billion in 2014, primarily as a result of a decrease in interest expense and an increase in net gains on valuation derivatives, which was partially offset by an increase in net losses on foreign currency translation.

Our consolidated profit of associates or joint ventures using equity method decreased by 24.7% to Won 207 billion in 2015 from Won 275 billion in 2014, primarily as a result of a decrease in profit of Korea Gas Corporation.

As a cumulative result of the foregoing factors, our consolidated income before income taxes increased to Won 18,656 billion in 2015 from Won 4,229 billion in 2014.

Our income tax expense increased to Won 5,239 billion in 2015 from Won 1,430 billion in 2014, largely as a result of an increase in our profit before income taxes. See Note 41 to our financial statements included in this annual report. Our effective tax expense (benefit) rate, which represents tax expense (benefit) as a percentage of profit (loss) before income taxes, decreased from 33.8% in 2014 to 28.1% in 2015 primarily due to an increase in profit which is not subject to deferred income tax. In 2015, the effective tax rate was higher than the statutory rate of 24.2%, primarily due to the recognition of deferred tax liabilities regarding our investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures primarily in connection with taxable temporary differences related to undistributed earnings.

As a cumulative result of the above factors, our consolidated profit increased to Won 13,416 billion in 2015 from Won 2,799 billion in 2014. Our consolidated net profit margin also increased to 22.9% in 2015 from 4.9% in 2014. Our profit attributable to the owners of the company was Won 13,289 billion in 2015 compared to Won 2,687 billion attributable to the owners of the company in 2014.

We had consolidated other comprehensive income of Won 34 billion in 2015 compared to consolidated other comprehensive loss of Won 358 billion in 2014, largely as a result of increased actuarial gains on retirement benefit obligations, net of tax (related to changes in future salary increases), valuation gains on available-for-sale securities (primarily Korea District Heating Corp. and Set Holding) and gains on valuation of derivatives using cash flow hedge accounting, share in other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures, net of tax.

As a cumulative result of the above factors, our consolidated total comprehensive income increased to Won 13,450 billion in 2015 from Won 2,441 billion in 2014.

2014 Compared to 2013

In 2014, our consolidated sales, which is principally derived from the sale of electric power, increased by 6.3% to Won 57,123 billion from Won 53,713 billion in 2013, reflecting primarily a 4.7% increase in our average electricity tariff rates in 2014 compared to 2013 and a 0.58% increase in the volume of electricity sold from 474,849 gigawatt hours in 2013 to 477,592 gigawatt hours in 2014. For a discussion of the increase in our electricity tariff rates which are regulated by the Government, see Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Sales and Customers—Electricity Rates.” The overall increase in the volume of electricity sold was primarily attributable to a 2.7% increase in the volume of electricity sold to the industrial sector, which represents the largest segment of electricity consumption in Korea, from 265,373 gigawatt hours in 2013 to 272,552 gigawatt hours in 2014, which was partially offset by a 1.4% decrease in the volume of electricity sold to the commercial sector from 102,196 gigawatt hours in 2013 to 100,761 gigawatt hours in 2014 and a 2.1% decrease in the volume of electricity sold to the residential sector from 65,815 gigawatt hours in 2013 to 64,457 gigawatt hours in 2014. The increase in the volume of electricity sold to the industrial sector was primarily due to the general increase in demand for electricity in this sector in Korea largely as a result of continued export-led growth of the Korean economy, which involved an increased industrial output and greater capacity utilization in industrial plants. The decreases in the volume of electricity sold to the commercial and residential sectors were largely due to weather conditions, including cooler summer and warmer winter in 2014 compared to 2013.

depreciation and salaries, decreased by 1.6% to Won 49,763 billion in 2014 from Won 50,596 billion in 2013, primarily due to a 14.9% decrease in fuel costs, which was partially offset by a 11.2% increase in purchased power, a 6.8% increase in depreciation, a 2.0% increase in salaries and a 18.2% increase in other cost of sales.

Fuel costs, which accounted for 41.4% and 47.8% of our consolidated cost of sales in 2014 and 2013, respectively, decreased by 14.9% to Won 20,595 billion in 2014 from Won 24,200 billion in 2013 largely due to a 13.7% decrease in unit fuel cost mainly resulting from the general decline in international market prices for our main fuel types, as well as an increased use of less expensive fuel sources such as nuclear power due to the resumption of three nuclear units in 2014. Purchased power, which accounted for 25.3% and 22.4% of our cost of sales in 2014 and 2013, respectively, increased by 11.2% to Won 12,602 billion in 2014 from Won 11,329 billion in 2013, primarily due to a 16.1% increase in the volume of power purchased from independent power producers (who generate electricity primarily through LNG-fired power plants), from 67,676 gigawatt hours in 2013 to 78,551 gigawatt hours in 2014, primarily due to an increase in installed generation capacity (such as from the Yulchon combined cycle unit) of independent power producers. Depreciation expense, excluding Won 957 billion and Won 825 billion in 2014 and in 2013, respectively arising from amortization of nuclear fuel charged to fuel costs aforementioned, increased by 5.6% to Won 6,763 billion in 2014 from Won 6,403 billion in 2013 primarily due to an increase of additional property, plant and equipment related to the construction of new generation facilities pursuant to our capital investment program.

Salaries recorded as cost of sales increased by 2.0% to Won 2,633 billion in 2014 from Won 2,583 billion in 2013 primarily due to an increase in base salary in tandem with the inflation rate. Other cost of sales increased by 17.9% to Won 7,169 billion in 2014 from Won 6,080 billion in 2013 primarily due to an increase in costs related to our nuclear complex construction projects in the UAE.

As a cumulative result of the foregoing factors, our consolidated gross profit increased by 136.1% to Won 7,360 billion in 2014 from Won 3,117 billion in 2013, and our consolidated gross profit margin increased significantly to 12.9% in 2014 from 5.8% in 2013. The increases in our consolidated gross profit and consolidated gross profit margin were largely attributable to the 6.3% increase in our consolidated sales (which were primarily due to the 4.7% overall increase in the average electricity tariff rates) and the 1.7% decrease in our consolidated cost of sales (which was mainly due to the 14.9% decrease in fuel costs partially offset by the 11.2% increase in purchased power).

Our consolidated selling and administrative expenses slightly increased by 0.1% to Won 1,924 billion in 2014 from Won 1,923 billion in 2013, largely due to an increase in commission, which was substantially offset by a decrease in salaries recorded as selling and administrative expenses and a decrease in ordinary development expense.

Our consolidated other income, net of expenses, increased by 6.4% to Won 666 billion in 2014 from Won 626 billion in 2013, mainly as a result of an increase in compensation and reparation revenue and an increase in revenue related to the transfer of assets from customers, which were partially offset by a decrease in gains on electricity infrastructure development fund.

Our consolidated net other gains decreased by 17.1% to Won 107 billion in 2014 from Won 129 billion in 2013, primarily as a result of an increase of impairment loss on property, plant and equipment. Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment increased largely due to impairment related to Garolim Tidal Power Plant Co., Ltd., a 49% owned subsidiary.

As a cumulative result of the foregoing factors, our consolidated operating profit increased more than threefold to Won 6,209 billion in 2014 from Won 1,948 billion in 2013, and our consolidated operating income margin increased significantly to 10.9% in 2014 from 3.6% in 2013. These increases were mainly due to the 6.3% increase in our consolidated sales and the 1.6% decrease in our consolidated cost of sales.

Our consolidated finance expenses, net, decreased by 2.0% to Won 2,255 billion in 2014 from Won 2,302 billion in 2013, primarily as a result of net gain on valuation of derivatives in 2014 compared to net loss in 2013 and net gain on foreign currency transaction in 2014 compared to net loss in 2013 which more than offset recording net losses in foreign currency translation in 2014 compared to net gains in 2013, which were largely as a result of the depreciation of Korean Won against the U.S. dollar in 2014.

We had consolidated profit of associates or joint ventures using equity method of Won 275 billion in 2014, compared to consolidated loss of associates or joint ventures using equity method of Won 42 billion in 2013, primarily as a result of an increase in profit of Korea Gas Corporation.

As a cumulative result of the foregoing factors, our consolidated income before income taxes increased significantly to Won 4,229 billion in 2014 from consolidated loss before income taxes of Won 396 billion in 2013.

Our income tax expense increased significantly to Won 1,430 billion in 2014 from income tax benefit of Won 571 billion in 2013, largely as a result of an increase in our profit before income taxes, which was partially offset by an increase in adjustments related to unrealized deferred tax assets. See Note 41 to our financial statements included in this annual report. Our effective tax expense (benefit) rate, which represents tax expense (benefit) as a percentage of profit (loss) before income taxes, decreased from 144.0% in 2013 to 33.8% in 2014 primarily due to the effect of recognition of deferred tax assets in relation to amounts received from customers regarding installation and use of facilities required for electricity supply in 2013. In 2014, the effective tax rate was higher than the statutory rate of 24.2%, primarily due to the recognition of deferred tax liabilities regarding our investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures primarily in connection with taxable temporary differences related to undistributed earnings.

As a cumulative result of the above factors, our consolidated profit increased significantly to Won 2,799 billion in 2014 from Won 174 billion in 2013. Our consolidated net profit margin also increased significantly to 4.9% in 2014 from 0.3% in 2013. Our profit attributable to the owners of the company was Won 2,687 billion in 2014 from Won 60 billion attributable to the owners of the company in 2013.

We had consolidated other comprehensive loss of Won 358 billion in 2014 compared to consolidated other comprehensive income of Won 186 billion in 2013, largely as a result of decreased actuarial gains on retirement benefit obligations, net of tax (related to changes in future salary increases), valuation gains on available-for-sale securities (primarily Korea District Heating Corp.) and gains on valuation of derivatives using cash flow hedge accounting, share in other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures, net of tax.

As a cumulative result of the above factors, our consolidated total comprehensive income increased significantly Won 2,441 billion in 2014 from Won 360 billion in 2013.

Inflation

The effects of inflation in Korea on our financial condition and results of operations are reflected primarily in construction costs as well as in labor expenses. Inflation in Korea has not had a significant impact on our results of operations in recent years. It is possible that inflation in the future may have an adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Segment Results

We operate the following business segments: transmission and distribution, nuclear power generation and thermal power generation and all others. The transmission and distribution segment, which is operated by KEPCO, the parent company, consists of operations related to the transmission, distribution and sale to end-users of electricity purchased from our generation subsidiaries as well as from independent power producers. The

power generation segment, which is operated by our one nuclear generation subsidiary and five thermal generation subsidiaries, consists of operations related to the generation of electricity sold to KEPCO through the Korea Power Exchange. The transmission and distribution segment and the power generation segment together represent our electricity business. The remainder of our operation is categorized as “all others.” The all other segment consists primarily of operations related to the plant maintenance and engineering service, information services, and sales of nuclear fuel, communication line leasing, overseas businesses and others. In 2013, 2014 and 2015 the unaffiliated revenues of the power generation segment (representing the six generation subsidiaries) and all our other revenues in the aggregate amounted to only 2.6%, 2.8% and 2.8% of our consolidated revenues, respectively, and the results of operations for our business segments substantially mirror our consolidated results of operations. For further information, see Note 4 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

Item 5.B. Liquidity and Capital Resources

We expect that our capital requirements, capital resources and liquidity position may change in the course of implementing the Restructuring Plan. See Item 4.B. “—Business Overview—Restructuring of the Electric Power Industry in Korea” and Item 3.D. “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to KEPCO— The Government may adopt policy measures to substantially restructure the Korean electric power industry or our operational structure, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and profitability.”

Capital Requirements

We anticipate that the following represent the major sources of our capital requirements in the short-term to intermediate future:

•

capital expenditures pursuant to our capital investment program;

•

working capital requirements, the largest component of which is fuel purchases;

•

payment of principal and interest on our existing debt; and

•

overseas investments.

In addition, if there were to occur unanticipated material changes to the Restructuring Plan, the Basic Plan or other major policy initiatives of the Government relating to the electric power industry, or natural disasters, such developments may require a significant amount of additional capital requirements.

Capital Expenditures

We anticipate that capital expenditures will be the most significant use of our funds for the next several years. Our capital expenditures relate primarily to the construction of new generation units, maintenance of existing generation units and expansion of our transmission and distribution systems. Our capital expenditures generally follow budgets established under the Basic Plan, which contains projections relating to the supply and demand of electricity of Korea based on which we plan the construction of additional generation units and transmission systems.

Our total capital expenditures for the construction of generation, transmission and distribution facilities were Won 15,831 billion, Won 16,629 billion and Won 15,750 billion in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively, and under our current budgets, are estimated to be approximately Won 15,617 billion, Won 14,307 billion and Won 13,842 billion in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. We plan to finance our capital expenditures primarily through issuance of securities in the capital markets, borrowings from financial institutions and construction grants.

decided, we expect that our capital expenditure relating to new energy industry projects may eventually lead to a significant increase in our capital expenditure in 2016 and thereafter. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Capital Investment Program” for a further description of our capital investment program.

Fuel Purchases

We require significant funds to finance our operations, principally in relation to the purchase of fuels by our generation subsidiaries for generation of electricity. In 2013, 2014 and 2015, fuel costs accounted for 45.1%, 36.1% and 25.9% of our sales and 47.8%, 41.4% and 33.3% of our cost of sales, respectively. We plan to fund our fuel purchases primarily with net operating cash, although in cases of rapid increases in fuel prices as is the case from time to time, we may also rely on borrowings from financial institutions and issuance of debt securities in the capital markets.

Repayment of Existing Debt

Payments of principal and interest on indebtedness will require considerable resources. The table below sets forth the scheduled maturities of the outstanding interest-paying debt (excluding issue discounts and premium) before accounting for swap transactions of us and our six wholly-owned generation subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 for each year from 2016 to 2020 and thereafter. As of December 31, 2015, such debt represented 97.0% of our outstanding debt on a consolidated basis.


Year ended December 31,	Local Currency Borrowings		Foreign Currency Borrowings		Domestic Debentures		Foreign Debentures		Total
	(in billions of Won)
2016		995		14		5,730		975		7,714
2017		211		—		5,850		2,110		8,171
2018		37		—		5,290		3,007		8,334
2019		12		—		4,290		1,526		5,828
2020		12		—		4,790		863		5,665
Thereafter		67		11		18,630		2,721		21,429
Total		1,334		25		44,580		11,202		57,141

We and our six wholly-owned generation subsidiaries incurred interest charges (including capitalized interest) in relation to our interest-paying debt of Won 3,084 billion, Won 3,121 billion and Won 2,846 billion in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. We anticipate that interest charges will increase in future years because of, among other factors, anticipated increases in our long-term debt. See “—Capital Resources” below. The weighted average rates of interest on our and our six wholly-owned generation subsidiaries’ debt were 4.11%, 3.93% and 3.87% in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Overseas Investments

As part of our revenue diversification and fuel procurement strategy, we plan to continue to make overseas investments on a selective basis, which will be funded primarily through foreign currency-denominated borrowings and debt securities issuances as well as net operating cash from such projects.

Capital Resources

We have traditionally met our working capital and other capital requirements primarily from net cash provided by operating activities, issuance of debt securities and borrowings from financial institutions. Net cash provided by operating activities is primarily a function of electricity sales and fuel purchases and is also affected by increases and decreases in trade receivables, trade payables and inventory related to electricity sales and fuel

purchases. Net cash provided by operating activities was Won 6,884 billion, Won 12,046 billion and Won 16,943 billion in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

As of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, our long-term debt (excluding the current portion but including issue discounts and premium), before accounting for swap transactions, amounted to Won 52,801 billion, Won 55,720 billion and Won 50,907 billion, respectively, representing 102.6%, 101.6% and 74.9% of shareholders’ equity, respectively, as of such dates. As of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, the current portions of our long-term debt were Won 7,508 billion, Won 6,446 billion and Won 7,243 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, our short-term borrowings amounted to Won 579 billion, Won 659 billion and Won 604 billion, respectively. See Note 23 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report. Total long-term debt (including the current portion but excluding issue discounts and premium), before accounting for swap transactions, as of December 31, 2015 was Won 58,274 billion, of which Won 45,908 billion was denominated in Won and an equivalent of Won 12,366 billion was denominated in foreign currencies, primarily U.S. dollars. In addition, we, KHNP and KOWEPO also maintain U.S. dollar-denominated global medium-term note programs in the aggregate amount of US$10 billion, of which approximately US$3.6 billion remains currently available for future drawdown. KOSEP also maintains an A$2 billion Australian dollar medium-term note program, of which approximately A$1.7 billion remains current available for future drawdown.

Subject to the implementation of our capital expenditure plan and the sale of our interests in our generation subsidiaries and other subsidiaries, our long-term debt may increase or decrease in future years. Until recently, a significant portion of our long-term debt was raised through foreign currency-denominated borrowings. Our foreign currency-denominated long-term debt (including the current portion but excluding issue discounts and premium), before accounting for swap transactions, amounted to Won 12,782 billion and Won 12,366 billion as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

Our ability to incur long-term debt in the future is subject to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, the implementation of the Restructuring Plan and the amount of capital that other Korean entities may seek to raise in capital markets. Economic, political and other conditions in Korea may also affect investor demand for our securities and those of other Korean entities. In addition, our ability to incur debt will also be affected by the Government’s policies relating to foreign currency borrowings, the liquidity of the Korean capital markets and our operating results and financial condition. In case of adverse developments in Korea, the price at which such financing may be available may not be acceptable to us.

We incur our short-term borrowings primarily through commercial papers sold to domestic financial institutions. We have not had, and we do not expect to have, any material difficulties in obtaining short-term borrowings. In addition, in order to prepare for potential liquidity shortage, we maintain several credit facilities with domestic financial institutions amounting to Won 4,006 billion and US$771 million, the full amount of which was available as of December 31, 2015.

We may raise capital from time to time through the issuance of equity securities. However, there are certain restrictions on our ability to issue equity, including limitations on shareholdings by foreigners. In addition, without changes in the existing KEPCO Act which requires that the Government, directly or pursuant to the Korea Development Bank Act, through Korea Development Bank, own at least 51% of our capital stock, it may be difficult or impossible for us to undertake any equity financing other than sales of treasury stock without the participation of the Government. Even if we are able to conduct equity financing with the participation of the Government, prevailing market conditions may be such that we may not be able conduct equity financing on terms that are commercially acceptable to us. See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Korea and the Global Economy.”

Our total shareholders’ equity increased by 23.9% from Won 54,825 billion as of December 31, 2014 to Won 67,942 billion as of December 31, 2015, mainly as a result of an increase in total comprehensive income.

Liquidity

Our liquidity is substantially affected by our construction expenditures and fuel purchases. Construction in progress increased by 8.9% from Won 32,256 billion as of December 31, 2014 to Won 35,127 billion as of December 31, 2015. Fuel costs decreased by 26.4% from Won 20,595 billion in 2014 to Won 15,159 billion in 2015.

Our cash flows are also impacted by other factors. Our net cash provided by operating activities increased by 40.7% from Won 12,046 billion in 2014 to Won 16,943 billion in 2015. The increase in net cash provided by operating activities in 2015 compared to 2014 was mainly due to an increase in cash collected from our customers in tandem with increases in electricity tariff rates and the sales volume in 2015 compared to 2014 and the decrease in the unit cost of coal, LNG and oil in 2015 compared to 2014, which in turn led to a decrease in cash paid for fuels. Our cash flows from investing activities are affected by acquisitions of property, plant and equipment. Our net cash used in investing activities decreased from Won 14,460 billion in 2014 to Won 9,774 billion in 2015. Our cash flows from financing activities are mainly affected by borrowings and issuance of debt securities and repayment thereof, as well as dividends paid. We recorded net cash used in financing activities of Won 5,207 billion in 2015 compared to net cash from financing activities of Won 1,985 billion in 2014, largely due to a decrease in proceeds from long-term borrowings and debt securities.

Due to the capital-intensive nature of our business as well as significant volatility in fuel prices, from time to time we operate with working capital deficits, and we may have substantial working capital deficits in the future. As of December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, we had a working capital deficit of Won 4,945 billion, Won 4,780 billion and Won 686 billion, respectively. We have traditionally met our working capital and other capital requirements primarily with net cash provided by operating activities, issuance of debt securities, borrowings from financial institutions and construction grants. We also incur short-term borrowings primarily through commercial papers sold to domestic financial institutions. We have not had, and we do not expect to have, any material difficulties in obtaining short-term borrowings. See “—Capital Resources.”

We may face liquidity concerns in the case of sudden and sharp depreciation of the Won against major foreign currencies or depreciation over a sustained period of time. While substantially all of our revenues are denominated in Won, we pay for substantially all of our fuel purchases in foreign currencies and a substantial portion of our long-term debt is denominated in foreign currencies, and payment of principal and interest thereon is made in foreign currencies. In the past, we have incurred foreign currency debt principally due to the limited availability and the high cost of Won-denominated financing in Korea. However, in light of the increasing sophistication of the Korean capital markets and the recent increase in Won liquidity in the Korean financial markets, we plan to reduce the portion of our debt which is denominated in foreign currencies although we intend to continue to raise certain amounts of capital through long-term foreign currency debt for purposes of maintaining diversity in our funding sources as well as paying for overseas investments and fuel procurements in foreign currencies. As of December 31, 2015, approximately 21.2% of our long-term debt (including the current portion but excluding issue discounts and premium) before accounting for swap transactions was denominated in currencies other than Won.

We enter into currency swaps and other hedging arrangements with respect to our debt denominated in foreign currencies only to a limited extent due primarily to the limited size of the Korean market for such derivative arrangements. Such instruments include combined currency and interest rate swap agreements, interest rate swaps and foreign exchange agreements. We do not enter into derivative financial instruments in order to hedge market risk resulting from fluctuations in fuel costs. Our policy is to hold or issue derivative financial instruments for hedging purposes only. Our derivative financial instruments are entered into with major financial institutions, thereby minimizing the risk of credit loss. See Note 11 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

We paid dividends of Won 90 per share in respect of fiscal year 2013 and Won 500 per share in respect of fiscal year 2014. On April 20, 2016, we paid dividends of Won 3,100 per share in respect of fiscal year 2015.

Other

Our operations are materially affected by the policies and actions of the Government. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Regulation.”

Item 5.C. Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, etc.

Research and Development

Our research and development program is focused on developing advanced electric power, renewable energy, smart grid and customer-friendly electricity service technologies that will enable us to become a global leader in the energy industry. In order to achieve our corporate vision of becoming a “Smart Energy Creator” in 2014, we adopted the KEPCO Technology Strategy, which emphasizes enhanced technological convergence and customer service. As part of such strategy, we seek to develop (i) clean and smart energy technology, including in relation to low carbon emission in power generation, (ii) an efficient and intelligent power transmission and distribution grid system, (iii) technology that will enhance efficiency and responsiveness to consumer’s electricity consumption patterns, and (iv) improvements in information, communication and technology (“ICT”) for enhanced customer service.

In 2016, consistent with the Government guidelines, we plan to invest approximately 0.54% of our annual revenue in the research and development of green and smart technologies, particularly with a focus on the following ten areas: CCUS, offshore wind power, new power transmission technology, super conductor, smart grid, micro grid, new materials in electric power fields, ICT convergence, ICT integration and energy storage systems.

Our high-priority “green and smart energy” projects currently include the following:

•

acquiring integrated gasified process technology;

•

establishing high-tech smart grid and micro grid test beds in Jeju Island;

•

developing highly efficient absorbents for carbon capture;

•

commercializing offshore wind power plants;

•

obtaining high-voltage direct currents technology suitable for domestic operation; and

•

experimental testing of large-scale electricity storage systems with capacities ranging from four to eight megawatts.

Our research and development activities also focus on the following:

•

in the thermal power generation sector, reducing the greenhouse effect, enhancing efficiency and reducing cost in power plant construction and operation as well as in our plant maintenance, including through improvements in damage analysis and environment-friendly inspections;

•

in the renewable energy sector, enhancing efficiency, lowering costs of power generation, identifying new energy sources and exploring new business opportunities;

•

in the electric power system sector, enhancing the stability and reliability in the operation of our electric power grid as well as enhancing efficiency in electricity distribution, including through build-out of large-sized electricity storage facilities and superconducting transmission cable grids, introducing preventive maintenance measures for substations and developing technologies related to system automation, power utilization and power line communication;

•

in the customer service sector, developing technologies enabling a greater range of business opportunities and heightened customer service in anticipation of the upcoming rollout of the smart grid system; and

•

in the technological convergence sector, identifying new business opportunities through convergence among technologies and businesses and maximizing synergy from such convergence in tandem with the promotion of creative economy in Korea as well as globally.

In addition, we cooperate closely with several other electric utility companies and research institutes, both foreign and domestic, on various projects to diversify the scope and scale of our research and development activities.

We invested Won 640 billion, Won 638 billion and Won 660 billion in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively, and currently plan to invest Won 1,116 billion in 2016, on research and development. Our current focus in research and development is primarily in the area of ICT-based smart energy technological development. We had 1,258 employees engaged in research and development activities as of December 31, 2015. As a result of our research, we currently have 3,321 registered patents and 2,486 patent applications outstanding in Korea and abroad. In addition, we plan to establish a management infrastructure that will facilitate the development of high value-added intellectual properties. We also seek opportunities to market our technologies overseas.

Item 5.D. Trend Information

Trends, uncertainties and events which could have a material impact on our sales, liquidity and capital resources are discussed above in Item 5.A. “Operating Results” and Item 5.B. “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Item 5.E. Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We had no significant off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2015.

Item 5.F. Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations

The following summarizes certain of the contractual obligations of us and our six wholly-owned generation subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on liquidity and cash flow in future periods.


	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations⁽¹⁾	Total		Less than 1 year		1–3 years		3–5 years		After 5 years
	(in billions of Won)
Long-term debt⁽²⁾	￦	56,606	￦	7,193	￦	15,780	￦	12,212	￦	21,421
Short-term borrowings		535		535		—		—		—
Interest payments⁽³⁾		11,594		1,705		2,824		2,157		4,908

Total	￦	68,735	￦	9,433	￦	18,604	￦	14,369	￦	26,329

Notes:

(1)

We have several other contractual obligations, including finance lease agreements. We believe the remaining annual payments under capital and operating lease agreements as of December 31, 2015 were immaterial. Contractual obligations related to payment of debt of us and our six wholly-owned generation subsidiaries represented 97.0% of our outstanding debt as of December 31, 2015 on a consolidated basis.

(2)	Includes the current portion.

(3)	A portion of our debt carried a variable rate of interest. We used the interest rate in effect as of December 31, 2015 for the variable rate of interest in calculating the interest payments on debt for the periods indicated.

For a description of our commercial commitments and contingent liabilities, see Note 50 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

We entered into a power purchase agreement with GS EPS Co., Ltd. and three other independent power producers, under which we are required to purchase all electricity generated by these companies to the extent such electricity is traded through the Korea Power Exchange. The purchase prices for such electricity are predetermined under the power purchase agreements, subject to annual adjustments. We purchased power from these companies in the amounts of Won 2,897 billion, Won 1,980 billion and Won 1,049 billion in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

We have entered into contracts with domestic and foreign suppliers to purchase bituminous coal and anthracite coal. Although we meet our coal requirements primarily through purchases in spot markets, substantial amounts of such requirements are also met through purchases under long-term supply contracts. Under our long-term supply contracts, purchase prices are adjusted periodically based on prevailing market conditions. We purchase a substantial portion of our LNG requirements from Korea Gas Corporation, a related party. We have also entered into long-term transportation contracts with Hanjin Shipping Co., Ltd. and others.

We import all uranium ore concentrates from sources outside Korea (including the United Kingdom, Kazakhstan, France, Germany, Niger, Canada and Japan) through medium- to long-term contracts and pay for such concentrates with currencies other than Won, primarily U.S. dollars. Contract prices for processing of uranium are generally based on market prices. See Note 49 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for further details of these contracts.

Under the Long-term Transmission and Substation Plan approved by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, we are liable for the construction of all of our power transmission facilities and the maintenance and repair expenses for such facilities.

Payment guarantee and short-term credit facilities from financial institutions as of December 31, 2015 were as follows:

Payment guarantee


Description	Financial Institutions	Credit Lines
		(In millions of Won or thousands of USD, JPY, INR, GBP, SAR, NPR, AED and EUR)
Payment of import letter of credits	KEB Hana Bank		EUR	260
	KEB Hana Bank		GBP	61,169
	Woori Bank and others		USD	1,229,049
Inclusive credits	Shinhan Bank		INR	47,489
	KEB Hana Bank		Won	501,500
	HSBC and others		USD	774,510
Performance guarantees on guarantees	Kookmin Bank		EUR	14,833
	KEB Hana Bank		INR	236,443
	Seoul Guarantee Insurance and others		Won	264,538
	Bank of Kathmandu		NPR	32,633
	First Gulf Bank and others		USD	767,485
Guarantees for bid	The Export-Import Bank of Korea and others		USD	10,450
Warranty bond and others	KEB Hana Bank		INR	157,830
	KEB Hana Bank and others		NPR	36,309
	HSBC and others		USD	571,349
Trade finance	BNP Paribas and others		USD	800,000
Other guarantees	Shinhan Bank and others		JPY	2,245,843
	KEB Hana Bank		Won	57,300
	KEB Hana Bank		SAR	2,240
	HSBC and others		USD	1,085,305

Overdraft and Others


Description	Financial Institutions	Credit Lines
		(In millions of Won or thousands of USD)
Overdraft	Nonghyup Bank and others		Won	2,195,000
Commercial paper	Shinhan Bank and others		Won	800,000
Limit amount available for card	KEB Hana Bank and others		Won	55,578
	Banco de Oro		PHP	5,000
Loan limit	Kookmin Bank and others		Won	705,584
	BNP Paribas and others		USD	2,228,059
Repayment guarantees for foreign currency debentures	Korea Development Bank and others		USD	198,175

We provide a performance guarantee related to a construction contract to Kookmin Bank. Such guarantee is not recognized as a provision for financial guarantee because such performance guarantee does not meet the definition of a financial guarantee contract under IFRS.

We have borrowings of Won 22.5 billion from Long Lasting Value (“LLV”) as of December 31, 2015. LLV obtains loans from major stockholders, such as Samsung Life Insurance, and lends the money to other third parties. We guarantee secured payments to the major stockholders of LLV, such as payment of principal, tax, commissions, etc., with a limit of Won 23.9 billion.

In order to secure our status as a shareholder of Navanacom Electric Co., Ltd., we have signed a fund supplement contract. According to the contract, in case Navanacom Electric Co., Ltd. does not have sufficient funds for its operation or repayment of borrowings, we bear a payment obligation in proportion to our ownership.

We have outstanding borrowings with a limit of US$275.6 million from creditors such as International Finance Corporation. Regarding the borrowing contract, we have guaranteed capital contribution of US$69.8 million and additional contribution up to US$19 million for contingencies, if any. For one of the electricity purchasers, Central Power Purchasing Agency Guarantee Ltd., we have provided payment guarantee up to US$2,777 thousand, in case of a construction delay or insufficient contract volume after commencement of the construction.

Existing guarantees provided by us to our associates and joint ventures as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:

Primary Guarantor

(Providing Company)

Secondary Guarantor
(Provided Company)

Type of

Guarantees

Currency

Credit Limit

Guarantee (Final
Provided Company)

KEPCO

KEPCO SPC Power Corporation

Debt guarantees

USD

88,138

SMBC, The Export-import Bank of Korea and ADB

KEPCO

Shuweihat Asia O&M Co., Ltd.

Performance guarantees

USD

11,000

SAPCO

KEPCO

KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd. and KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.

Performance guarantees

USD

34,650

Korea National Oil Corporation (Nigerian government)

KEPCO

Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company

Performance guarantees

USD

1,387

Rabigh Electricity Company

KEPCO

Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd.

Bidding guarantees

USD

10,000

SMBC Ho Chi Minh

KOWEPO

Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

48,353

KEB Hana Bank and others

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

KOWEPO

Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.

Payment guarantees for business reserve

USD

2,500

Krung Thai Bank

Collateralized money invested

USD

29,357

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

Impounding bonus guarantees

USD

5,000

SK E&C

KOWEPO

Rabigh O&M Co., Ltd.

Performance guarantees

SAR

4,800

Saudi Arabia British Bank

KOWEPO

Deagu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

1,230

IBK

KOWEPO

Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.⁽²⁾

Collateralized money invested

KRW

111,134

Kookmin Bank

KOWEPO

PT. Mutiara Jawa

Collateralized money invested

USD

2,610

Shinhan Bank Singapore

Primary Guarantor

(Providing Company)

Secondary Guarantor
(Provided Company)

Type of

Guarantees

Currency

Credit Limit

Guarantee (Final
Provided Company)

KOWEPO

Heangbok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

194

Nonghyup Bank

KOWEPO

Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

Kookmin Bank

EWP

Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

2,100

KT Capital Co., Ltd.

EWP

Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

580

KEB Hana Bank and others

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

EWP

Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

32,868

Kookmin Bank and others

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

EWP

Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

3,480

Shinhan Bank and others

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

EWP

GS-Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

204,000

Korea Development Bank and others

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

EWP

Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

3,000

Hyundai Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. and others

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

EWP

PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia

Debt guarantees

USD

10,500

The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi

KOSPO

KNH Solar Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

1,296

Shinhan Bank and Kyobo Life Insurance Co., Ltd.

Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

KOSPO

Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

25,477

Korea Development Bank, Daewoo Securities Co., Ltd. and others

Primary Guarantor

(Providing Company)

Secondary Guarantor
(Provided Company)

Type of

Guarantees

Currency

Credit Limit

Guarantee (Final
Provided Company)

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

KOSPO

Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

3,801

Shinhan Bank and Woori Bank

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

KOSPO

Busan Solar Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

793

Consus Asset Management Co., Ltd

KOSPO

Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

76,193

KEB Hana Bank and Kookmin Bank

Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

KOSPO

KS Solar Corp. Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

637

Shinhan Capital Co., Ltd.

KOSPO

Kelar S.A.

Performance guarantees⁽¹⁾

—

KEB Hana Bank, SMBC and others

Debt guarantees

USD

132,600

SMBC, MIZUHO Bank and others

KOSPO

DS Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

2,900

Korea Development Bank, Daewoo Securities Co., Ltd.

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

KOSPO

Pyoungchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

3,875

Woori Bank, Shinhan Bank

Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

KOSPO

Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

Shinhan Bank and Cheju Bank

KEPCO E&C

DS Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

15,000

Korea Development Bank and Daewoo Securities Co., Ltd.

Primary Guarantor

(Providing Company)

Secondary Guarantor
(Provided Company)

Type of

Guarantees

Currency

Credit Limit

Guarantee (Final
Provided Company)

Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

KOMIPO

Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

87,003

Korea Development Bank and others

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

KOMIPO

PT. Cirebon Electric Power

Debt guarantees

USD

9,653

Nonghyup bank

KOMIPO

PT. Wampu Electric Power

Performance guarantees⁽¹⁾

—

KEB Hana Bank

KOMIPO

Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

7,410

IBK and others

KOSEP

Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

71,070

Korea Development Bank and others

Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

KOSEP

RES Technology AD

Collateralized money invested

KRW

15,595

Korea Development Bank and others

Debt guarantees

EUR

4,271

KOSEP

ASM-BG Investicii AD

Collateralized money invested

KRW

16,101

Korea Development Bank and others

Debt guarantees

EUR

4,175

KOSEP

Express Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd.

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

Woori Bank

KOSEP

S-Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

132,300

Korea Development Bank and others

Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

KOSEP USA, INC.

KODE NOVUS II LLC

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

Korea Development Bank and others

KOSEP USA, INC.

KODE NOVUS I LLC

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

The Export-Import Bank of Korea and others

Primary Guarantor

(Providing Company)

Secondary Guarantor
(Provided Company)

Type of

Guarantees

Currency

Credit Limit

Guarantee (Final
Provided Company)

KHNP

Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

1,400

Meritz Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd.

KEPCO KPS

Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.

Collateralized money invested

KRW

6,800

Shinhan Bank

Guarantees for supplemental funding⁽¹⁾

—

Notes:

(1)	We guarantee to provide supplemental funding for businesses with respect to excessive business expenses or insufficient repayment of borrowings.

(2)

Under the project financing agreement in relation to the Dongducheon Thermal power complex project, the shares in Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd. held by us following the date of such agreement (including any additional shares to be issued to us as part of additional equity injection by us) are provided as collateral to the lenders in the project financing.

Other than as described in this annual report and also in Notes 47 and 50 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report, we did not have any other material credit lines and guarantee commitments provided to any third parties as of December 31, 2015.

We are subject to legal proceedings. For a description of our legal proceedings, see Item 8.A. “Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information—Legal Proceedings.”

ITEM 6.

DIRECTORS, SENIOR MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYEES

Item 6.A. Directors and Senior Management

Board of Directors

Under the KEPCO Act, the Public Agencies Management Act and our Articles of Incorporation, our board of directors, which is required to consist of not more than 15 directors, including the president, is vested with the authority over our management.

Pursuant to our Articles of Incorporation and the Public Agencies Management Act, we have two types of directors: standing directors (sangim-isa in Korean) and non-standing directors (bisangim-isa in Korean). The standing directors refer to our directors who serve their positions in full-time capacity. Many of our standing directors concurrently hold executive positions with us or our subsidiaries. The non-standing directors refer to our directors who do not serve their positions in full-time capacity. The non-standing directors currently do not hold any executive positions with us or our subsidiaries.

Under our Articles of Incorporation, there may not be more than seven standing directors, including our president, and more than eight non-standing directors. The number of non-standing directors must exceed the number of standing directors, including our president. A senior non-standing director appointed by the Ministry of Strategy and Finance becomes our chairman of the board following the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee.

Our president is appointed by the President of the Republic upon the motion of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy following the nomination by our director nomination committee, the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee pursuant to the Public Agencies Management Act and an approval

at the general meeting of our shareholders. Our standing director who is a member of the audit committee is appointed by the President of the Republic upon the motion of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance following the nomination by our director nomination committee, the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee pursuant to the Public Agencies Management Act and an approval at the general meeting of our shareholders. Standing directors (other than (i) our president and (ii) standing director who is a member of the audit committee) are appointed by our president with the approval at the general meeting of our shareholders.

On January 24, 2011, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance changed the designation of our generation subsidiaries from “other public institutions” to “market-oriented public enterprises.” As “other public institutions” under the provisions of the Public Agencies Management Act, our generation subsidiaries were not subject to the same regulations applicable to us with regards to corporate governance matters such as the appointment and dismissal of directors and the composition of the boards of directors. However, as market-oriented public enterprises, our generation subsidiaries are currently subject to the same corporate governance rules applicable to us. All of our generation subsidiaries accordingly amended their respective articles of incorporation in 2011 and are currently generally subject to the same system of regulations applicable to us.

The non-standing directors must be appointed by the minister of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance following the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee from a pool of candidates recommended by the director nomination committee and must have ample knowledge and experience in business management. Government officials that are not part of the teaching staff in national and public schools are ineligible to become our non-standing directors. Our president serves as our chief executive officer and represents us and administers our day-to-day business in all matters and bears the responsibility for the management’s performance. The term of our president is three years, while that of our directors is two years. According to the Public Agencies Management Act, our president’s term cannot be terminated unless done so by the President of the Republic pursuant to the Public Agencies Management Act or upon an event as specified in our Articles of Incorporation.

Attendance by a majority of the board members constitutes a voting quorum for our board meetings, and resolutions can be passed by a majority of the board members. In the event the president acts in violation of law or the Articles of Incorporation, is negligent in his duties, or otherwise is deemed to be significantly impeded in performing his official duties as chief executive officer, the board of directors may by resolution request the minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy to dismiss or recommend the dismissal of the president.

Non-standing directors may request any information necessary to fulfill their duties from the chief executive officer, and except in special circumstances, the chief executive officer must comply with such request.

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The names, titles and outside occupations, if any, of the directors as of April 25, 2016 and the respective years in which they took office are set forth below.


Name	Age	Title	Outside Occupation	Position Held Since
Cho, Hwan-Eik	(66)	President, Chief Executive Officer and Standing Director	None	December 17, 2012
Ahn, Hong-Ryoul⁽¹⁾	(57)	Standing Director and Member of the Audit Committee	None	December 27, 2013
Kim, Si-Ho	(58)	Standing Director and Executive Vice President of Domestic Operations	None	August 27, 2015
Lyu, Hyang-Reol	(58)	Standing Director and Executive Vice President of Overseas Operations	None	December 10, 2015
Hyun, Sang-Kwon	(58)	Standing Director and Executive Vice President & Chief Strategy Officer	None	August 27, 2015
Park, Sung-Chul	(56)	Standing Director and Executive Vice President & Chief Technology Officer	None	August 27, 2015
Chang, Jae-Won	(57)	Standing Director and Executive Vice President & Chief Power Grid Officer	None	March 31, 2015
Cho, Jeon-Hyeok	(55)	Non-Standing Director and Member of the Audit Committee	None	February 14, 2014
Lee, Kang-Hee	(73)	Non-Standing Director	Member of the Incheon City Advisory Committee	February 14, 2014
Kim, Ju-Suen	(54)	Non-Standing Director	Representative of Kim, Ju-Suen Law Office	August 6, 2015
Koo, Ja-Yoon	(64)	Non-Standing Director	Chairman of Conseil International des Grands Reseaux Electriques Korea National Committee	September 2, 2014
Ahn, Choong-Yong	(74)	Non-Standing Director	Chaired Professor of Graduate School of International Studies, Chungang University	December 3, 2014
Ahn, Hyun-Ho⁽²⁾	(58)	Non-Standing Director	None	August 6, 2015
Sung, Tae-Hyun	(56)	Non-Standing Director and Member of the Audit Committee	Professor of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University	August 12, 2014
Choi, Ki-Ryun	(68)	Non-Standing Director	Professor of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University	August 12, 2014

Notes:

(1)

Ahn, Hong-Ryoul’s term expired on January 12, 2016. Under Korean law, Mr. Ahn retains the rights and is subject to obligations as a standing director and a member of the audit committee until his successor is appointed by the President of Korea. Following the expiry of Mr. Ahn’s term, Lee, Sung-Han was approved to replace Mr. Ahn as a standing director and a member of the audit committee at an extraordinary general

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meeting of the shareholders held on April 25, 2016. The appointment of Lee, Sung-Han as a standing director and a member of the audit committee is subject to approval by the President of Korea, which is expected in early May 2016. Mr. Lee currently serves as Chaired Professor of College of Social Sciences at Dongguk University. Prior to his current position, he served as Commissioner General of the Korean National Police Agency. Mr. Lee received a Ph. D. in police administration from Dongguk University.

(2)	Ahn, Hyun-Ho voluntarily resigned on March 17, 2016. Under Korean law, Mr. Ahn retains the rights and is subject to obligations as a non-standing director until his successor is appointed.

Cho, Hwan-Eik has been our President, Chief Executive Officer and Standing Director since December 17, 2012. Prior to his current position, he served as Chair-professor at Hanyang University, President of the Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency, CEO of Korea Export Insurance Corporation and Vice Minister of the Ministry of Commerce. Mr. Cho received a Ph.D. in business administration from Hanyang University.

Ahn, Hong-Ryoul was our Standing Director and member of the Audit Committee from December 27, 2013 until January 12, 2016. Mr. Ahn’s term expired on January 12, 2016. Under Korean law, Mr. Ahn retains the rights and is subject to obligations as a standing director and a member of the audit committee until his successor is appointed by the President of Korea. Mr. Ahn previously served as an attorney at Ahn, Hong-Ryoul Law Firm and public prosecutor at Busan District Public Prosecutor’s Office. Mr. Ahn received a B.A. in law from Seoul National University.

Kim, Si-Ho has been our Standing Director since August 27, 2015. Mr. Kim also currently serves as our Executive Vice President of Domestic Operations and previously served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Kim received a B.A. in law from Yeungnam University.

Lyu, Hyang-Reol has been our Standing Director since December 10, 2015. Mr. Lyu also currently serves as our Executive Vice President of Overseas Operations and previously served as our President of KEPCO Ilijan Corporation, Philippines. Mr. Lyu received master’s degrees in business administration from Yonsei University and Helsinki School of Economics.

Hyun, Sang-Kwon has been our Standing Director since August 27, 2015. Mr. Hyun also currently serves as our Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer and previously served as our Vice President of Project Strategy & Planning. Mr. Hyun received an M.A. in public administration from Yonsei University Graduate School.

Park, Sung-Chul has been our Standing Director since August 27, 2015. Mr. Park also currently serves as our Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer and previously served as Vice President of Seongnam District Division. Mr. Park received an M.A. in electrical engineering from Yonsei University Graduate School.

Chang, Jae-Won has been our Standing Director since March 31, 2015. Mr. Chang also currently serves as our Executive Vice President and Chief Power Grid Officer and previously served as our Vice President of Transmission & Substation Construction, Vice President of Incheon District Division and Vice President of Transmission & Substation Operation Department. Mr. Chang received a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

Cho, Jeon-Hyeok has been our Non-Standing Director since February 14, 2014. Mr. Cho is currently Professor of Economics at College of Liberal Arts, Myungji University. Mr. Cho previously served as a Professor of the Department of Economics, National University of Incheon and Chief Executive Officer of Naeil Venture Capital. Mr. Cho received a Ph.D. in economic theory and financial economics from University of Wisconsin at Madison.

Lee, Kang-Hee has been our Non-Standing Director since February 14, 2014. Mr. Lee is currently a member of the Incheon City Advisory Committee. Mr. Lee previously served as a member of the National Assembly for two terms and a member of the Advisory Board on Democratic Peaceful Unification.

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Kim, Ju-Suen has been our Non-Standing Director since August 6, 2015. Mr. Kim is currently an attorney-at-law at Kim, Ju-Suen Law Firm. Mr. Kim previously served as Chief Public Prosecutor at the Daejeon Prosecutor’s Office Cheonan branch. Mr. Kim received a B.A. and LL.B in law from Dankook University.

Koo, Ja-Yoon has been our Non-Standing Director since September 2, 2014. Mr. Koo is currently Chairman of Conseil International des Grands Reseaux Electriques Korea National Committee and previously served as Professor of Electronics & System Engineering at Hanyang University. Mr. Koo received a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Seoul National University and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from ENSIEG.

Ahn, Choong-Yong has been our Non-Standing Director since December 2, 2014. Mr. Ahn is currently Chaired Professor of Graduate School of International Studies at Chungang University and previously served as the foreign investment ombudsman for Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency (KOTRA). Mr. Ahn received a B.A. in Economics from Kyoungpook National University and a Ph.D. in Economics from Ohio State University.

Ahn, Hyun-Ho was our Non-Standing Director from August 6, 2015 until March 17, 2016. Mr. Ahn voluntarily resigned on March 17, 2016. Under Korean law, Mr. Ahn retains the rights and is subject to obligations as a non-standing director until his successor is appointed. Mr. Ahn previously served as Vice President of Korea International Trade Association. Mr. Ahn received a B.A. in international trade from Seoul National University and an M.A. in Business and Economics from Korea Polytechnic University.

Sung, Tae-Hyun has been our Non-Standing Director since August 12, 2014. Mr. Sung is currently Professor of Electrical Engineering at Hanyang University and previously served as senior researcher at KEPCO Research Institute. Mr. Sung received a B.S. in Material Engineering from Hanyang University and a Ph.D. in Material Science and Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology.

Choi, Ki-Ryun has been our Non-Standing Director since August 12, 2014. Mr. Choi is currently Professor of Energy Systems Research at Ajou University and previously served as head of New & Renewable Energy Center of Korea Energy Management Corporation. Mr. Choi received a B.S. in Mining and Minerals Engineering from Seoul National University and a Ph.D. in Energy Economics from University of Grenoble.

The business address of our directors is 55 Jeollyeok-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, 58217, Korea.

Audit Committee

Under the Public Agencies Management Act, which took effect as of April 1, 2007, we are designated as a “market-oriented public enterprise” and, as such, are required to establish an audit committee in lieu of the pre-existing board of auditors upon expiration of the term of the last remaining member of the board of auditors. In September 2007, we amended our Articles of Incorporation to establish, in lieu of the pre-existing board of auditors, an audit committee meeting the requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Under the Public Agencies Management Act, the Korean Commercial Code and the amended Articles of Incorporation, we are required to maintain an audit committee consisting of three members, of which not less than two members are required to be non-standing directors. The roles and responsibilities of our audit committee members are to perform the functions of an audit committee meeting the requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our audit committee was established on December 8, 2008.

Ahn, Hong-Ryoul’s term as a standing director and a member of the audit committee expired on January 12, 2016. Under Korean law, Ahn, Hong-Ryoul retains the rights and is subject to obligations as a standing director and a member of the audit committee until his successor is appointed by the President of Korea. Following the expiry of Ahn, Hong-Ryoul’s term, Lee, Sung-Han was approved to replace Ahn, Hong-Ryoul as a standing director and a member of the audit committee at an extraordinary general meeting of the shareholders held on April 25, 2016. Subject to approval by the President of Korea of Lee, Sung-Han’s appointment which is expected in early May 2016, our audit committee will consist of Lee, Sung-Han, a standing director, and Cho, Jeon-Hyeok and Sung, Tae-Hyun, both non-standing directors. All such members of the audit committee are independent within the meaning of the Korea Stock Exchange listing standards, the regulations promulgated under the Korean Commercial Code and the New York Stock Exchange listing standards.

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Item 6.B. Compensation

In 2015, the aggregate amount of remuneration paid to our directors and executive officers in the aggregate was Won 1,271 million. The aggregate amount accrued in 2015 to provide retirement and severance benefits for our directors and executive officers was Won 59 million.

Item 6.C. Board Practices

Under the Public Agencies Management Act and our Articles of Incorporation, the term of office for our directors and executive officers appointed after April 1, 2007 is three years for the president and two years for other executive officers. The officers and the directors may be reappointed for an additional term of one year. In order to be reappointed, the president must be evaluated on the basis of his management performance; a standing director, on the basis of the performance of the duties for which he was elected to perform, or if the standing director has executed an incentive bonus contract, on the basis of his performance under the contract; and a non-standing director, on the basis of his performance of the duties for which he was elected to perform.

Our board currently does not maintain a compensation committee. See Item 16G. “Corporate Governance.” However, we currently maintain an audit committee meeting the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to perform the roles and responsibilities of the compensation committee. Prior to the establishment of the audit committee on December 8, 2008 pursuant to the Public Agencies Management Act, we maintained a board of auditors, which performed the roles and responsibilities required of an audit committee under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the supervision of the financial and accounting audit by the independent registered public accountants.

The president’s management contract includes benefits upon termination of his employment. The amount for termination benefits payable equals the average value of compensation for one month times the number of years the president is employed by us, provided that the president is only eligible for termination benefits after more than one year of continuous service.

The termination benefits for standing directors are determined in accordance with our internal regulations for executive compensation. Standing directors are only eligible for benefits upon termination of employment or death following one year of continuous service.

See also Item 16G. “Corporate Governance” for a further description of our board practices.

Item 6.D. Employees

As of December 31, 2015, we and our generation subsidiaries had a total of 41,949 regular employees, almost all of whom are employed within Korea. Approximately 9.5% of our regular employees (including employees of our generation subsidiaries) are located at our head office.

The following table sets forth the number of and other information relating to our regular employees, not including directors or senior management, as of December 31, 2015.


	KEPCO			KHNP			KOSEP			KOMIPO			KOWEPO			KOSPO			EWP			Total
Regular Employees
Administrative		4,719			1,012			255			299			263			249			212			7,009
Engineers		9,922			8,606			1,766			2,014			1,690			1,693			1,811			27,502
Others		5,555			1,218			156			143			120			117			129			7,438

Total		20,196			10,836			2,177			2,456			2,073			2,059			2,152			41,949

Head Office Employees		1,510			1,081			278			285			260			257			279			3,950
% of total		7.5	%		10.0	%		12.8	%		11.6	%		12.5	%		12.5	%		13.0	%		9.4	%
Members of Labor Union		14,992			6,805			1,508			1,562			1,435			1,349			1,501			29,152
% of total		74.2	%		62.8	%		69.3	%		63.6	%		69.2	%		65.5	%		69.7	%		69.5	%

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We and each of our generation subsidiaries have separate labor unions. Approximately 69.5% of our and our generation subsidiaries’ employees in the aggregate are members of these labor unions, each of which negotiates a collective bargaining agreement for its members each year. Under applicable Korean law, an employee-employer cooperation committee comprised of an equal number of representatives of management and labor (which shall be no less than three and no more than ten representatives from each of management and labor) is required to be established. Accordingly, an employee-employer cooperation committee composed of eight representatives of management and eight representatives of labor has been established at the holding company and at each of our generation subsidiaries. The committee meets periodically to discuss various labor issues.

Since our formation in 1981, our businesses had not been interrupted by any work stoppages or strikes except in early 2002, when employees belonging to our five thermal generation subsidiaries went on strike for six weeks to protest the Government’s decision to privatize such thermal generation subsidiaries according to the Restructuring Plan, which privatization plan has since been suspended indefinitely. See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to KEPCO—The Government may adopt policy measures to substantially restructure the Korean electric power industry or our operational structure, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations and profitability.”

We believe our relations with our employees are generally good.

Item 6.E. Share Ownership

None of our directors and members of our administrative, supervisory or management bodies own more than 0.1% of our common stock.

ITEM 7.

MAJOR SHAREHOLDERS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Item 7.A. Major Shareholders

The following table sets forth certain information relating to certain owners of our capital stock as of March 8, 2016, the date we last closed our shareholders’ registry:


Title of Class	Identity of Person or Group	Shares Owned		Percentage of Class⁽¹⁾ (%)
Common stock	Government		116,841,794		18.2
	Korea Development Bank⁽²⁾		211,235,264		32.9

	Subtotal		328,087,058		51.1
	National Pension Corporation		44,276,581		6.9
	Employee Stock Ownership Association		—		—
	Directors and executive officers as a group		—		—
	Public (non-Koreans)		205,032,783		31.9
	Common shares		168,832,936		26.3
	American depositary shares		36,199,847		5.6
	Public (Koreans)		64,577,655		10.1

	Total		641,964,077		100.0

Notes:

(1)	Percentages are based on issued shares of common stock.

(2)	Korea Development Bank is a Government-controlled entity.

All of our shareholders have equal voting rights. See Item 10.B. “Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation—Description of Capital Stock—Voting Rights.”

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Item 7.B. Related Party Transactions

We are engaged in a variety of transactions with our affiliates. We have related party transactions with Government-controlled entities such as Korea Gas Corporation, our consolidated subsidiaries and our equity investees. In addition, we engage in related party transactions with Korea Development Bank, one of our major shareholders. See Note 47 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report for a description of transaction and balances with our related parties.

In the past three years, our related party transactions principally consisted of purchases of LNG from Korea Gas Corporation, sales of electricity to Korea District Heating Co., Ltd., and long-term borrowings from Korea Development Bank. In 2013, 2014 and 2015, we and our generation subsidiaries purchased LNG from Korea Gas Corporation in the aggregate amount of Won 12,450 billion, Won 10,135 billion and Won 4,599 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2015, we had long-term borrowings from Korea Development Bank in the aggregate amount of Won 280 billion.

We also engage in extensive transactions with our consolidated generation subsidiaries, including the purchase of electricity from them through Korea Power Exchange, sales of electricity to them, payment and receipt of commissions for services and receivables and payables transactions. These are eliminated in the consolidation process. We also provide guarantees for certain of our affiliates. See Item 5.F. “Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations—Overdraft and Others.” We also have certain relationships with the Korea Power Exchange. See Item 4.B. “Business Overview—Purchase of Electricity—Cost-based Pool System.”

For a further description of our transactions with our affiliates, see Note 47 of the Notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.

Item 7.C. Interests of Experts and Counsel

Not Applicable

ITEM 8.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 8.A. Consolidated Statements and Other Financial Information

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in compliance with requirements under Item 18. “Financial Statements.”

Legal Proceedings

As of December 31, 2015, we and our subsidiaries were engaged in 750 lawsuits as a defendant and 170 lawsuits as a plaintiff. As of the same date, the total amount of damages claimed against us and our subsidiaries was Won 1,052 billion, for which we have made a provision of Won 168 billion as of December 31, 2015, and the total amount claimed by us and our subsidiaries was Won 436 billion as of December 31, 2015. While the outcome of any of these lawsuits cannot presently be determined with certainty, our management currently believes that the final results from these lawsuits will not have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, financial position or results of operations.

The following are potentially significant claims pertaining to us and our subsidiaries.

In September 2013, Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd., SK Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. and GS Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. filed a lawsuit against KHNP seeking from KHNP extra contractual payments in the total amount of Won 204 billion on grounds of design change under the construction contract relating to New Hanwool #1 and #2 units. Due to inherent uncertainties relating to this lawsuit, we are

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unable to reliably estimate the amount of compensation, if any, and timing thereof, payable to the plaintiff. Consequently, we are unable to make a reasonable estimate of the economic impact from the ultimate resolution of this lawsuit and have not made any provision in relation thereto.

During 2014 and 2015, certain residential customers filed lawsuits against us based on the claim that electricity tariffs, determined under the progressive rate structure, were excessive. As of December 31, 2015, we were subject to seven such lawsuits brought by 613 plaintiffs with an aggregate claim amount of Won 277 million.

In January 2015, a lawsuit was filed against KHNP by its employees regarding claims for unpaid bonuses relating to amendments to remuneration regulations and bylaws regarding basic bonuses adopted by KHNP. Such employees claim that they are entitled to unpaid bonuses, which are based on different interpretations of the remuneration regulations and bylaws as applied to the three-month working period from September to December 2011. The claimed amount was Won 11.8 billion. In addition, our generation subsidiaries, currently and from time to time, are involved in lawsuits incidental to the conduct of their business. A significant number of such lawsuits are based on the claim that the construction and operation of the electricity generation units owned by our generation subsidiaries have impaired neighboring fish farms. Our generation subsidiaries normally pay compensation to the members of fishery associations near our power plant complex for expected losses and damages arising from the construction and operation of their power plants in advance. Despite such compensation paid by us, a claim may still be filed against our generation subsidiaries challenging the compensation paid by us.

We do not believe such claims or proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, have had or will have a material adverse effect on us and our generation subsidiaries. However, we cannot assure you that this will be the case in the future, given the possibility that we may become subject to more litigation and lawsuits arising from changes in the environmental laws and regulations applicable to us and our generation subsidiaries and people’s growing demand for more compensation.

Dividend Policy

For our dividend policy, see Item 10.B. “Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation—Description of Capital Stock—Dividend Rights.” For a description of the tax consequences of dividends paid to our shareholders, see Item 10.E. “Taxation—Korean Taxes—Shares or ADSs—Dividends on the Shares of Common

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Stock or ADSs” and Item 10.E. “Taxation—U.S. Federal Income and Estate Tax Consideration for U.S. Persons—Tax Consequences with Respect to Common Stock and ADSs—Distributions on Common Stock or ADSs.”

Item 8.B. Significant Changes

Not Applicable

ITEM 9.

THE OFFER AND LISTING

Item 9.A. Offer and Listing Details

Notes

We have issued the following registered notes and debentures, which are traded principally in the over-the-counter market:

•

7.95% Zero-To-Full Debentures, due April 1, 2096 (the “7.95% Debentures”);

•

6% Debentures due December 1, 2026, (the “6% Debentures”);

•

7% Debentures due February 1, 2027 (the “7% Debentures”); and

•

6-3/4% Debentures due August 1, 2027 (the “6-3/4% Debentures,” and together with the 7.40% Debentures, the 7.95% Debentures, the 6% Debentures and the 7% Debentures, the “Registered Debt Securities”).

Sales prices for the Registered Debt Securities are not regularly reported on any United States securities exchange or other United States securities quotation service.

Share Capital

The principal trading market for our common stock is the Korea Exchange. Our common stock is also listed on the New York Stock Exchange in the form of ADSs. The ADSs have been issued by Citibank, N.A. as depositary and are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “KEP.” One ADS represents one-half of one share of our common stock. As of March 8, 2016, the date we last closed our shareholders’ registry, 72,399,694 ADSs representing 5.6% shares of our common stock were outstanding.

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Common Stock

Shares of our common stock are listed on the KRX KOSPI Market of the Korea Exchange. The table below shows the high and low closing prices on the KRX KOSPI Market of the Korea Exchange for our common stock since 2011.


	Closing Price per Common Stock
Period	High		Low
	(In Won)
2011
First Quarter		30,050		25,800
Second Quarter		30,000		25,600
Third Quarter		28,400		20,450
Fourth Quarter		27,150		20,650
2012
First Quarter		27,900		22,250
Second Quarter		25,850		21,450
Third Quarter		27,900		23,750
Fourth Quarter		30,450		26,200
2013
First Quarter		34,850		29,000
Second Quarter		32,600		24,850
Third Quarter		30,700		26,350
Fourth Quarter		34,750		27,250
2014
First Quarter		37,800		33,400
Second Quarter		41,900		37,050
Third Quarter		48,200		36,800
Fourth Quarter		49,450		40,350
2015
First Quarter		46,000		39,150
Second Quarter		48,500		42,450
Third Quarter		52,200		46,300
Fourth Quarter		53,300		47,500
October		53,300		48,250
November		53,300		48,950
December		50,300		47,500
2016
First Quarter (through April 15)		60,600		49,800
January		52,700		49,800
February		60,600		52,200
March		60,200		55,900
April (through April 15)		59,500		58,000

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ADSs

The table below shows the high and low closing prices on the New York Stock Exchange for the outstanding ADSs since 2011. Each ADS represents one-half of one share of our common stock.


	Closing Price per ADS
Period	High		Low
	(In US$)
2011
First Quarter		13.48		11.39
Second Quarter		13.74		11.86
Third Quarter		13.35		8.50
Fourth Quarter		11.55		8.25
2012
First Quarter		12.45		9.73
Second Quarter		11.18		9.36
Third Quarter		12.42		10.37
Fourth Quarter		13.97		11.65
2013
First Quarter		16.35		13.04
Second Quarter		14.70		10.70
Third Quarter		14.59		11.45
Fourth Quarter		16.61		12.77
2014
First Quarter		17.75		15.51
Second Quarter		20.56		17.66
Third Quarter		22.44		18.17
Fourth Quarter		22.87		18.90
2015
First Quarter		21.01		18.26
Second Quarter		22.53		19.29
Third Quarter		22.13		19.45
Fourth Quarter		23.31		20.28
October		23.31		20.63
November		23.20		21.16
December		21.68		20.28
2016
First Quarter (through April 15)		25.83		20.66
January		21.80		20.66
February		23.80		21.49
March		25.77		23.08
April (through April 15)		25.83		24.67

Item 9.B. Plan of Distribution

Not Applicable

Item 9.C. Markets

The Korea Exchange

The Korea Exchange began its operations in 1956, originally under the name of the Korea Stock Exchange. On January 27, 2005, pursuant to the Korea Securities and Futures Exchange Act, the Korea Exchange was

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officially created through the consolidation of the Korea Stock Exchange, the Korea Futures Exchange, the KOSDAQ Stock Market, Inc., or KOSDAQ, and the KOSDAQ Committee within the Korea Securities Dealers Association, which was in charge of the management of the KOSDAQ. The KRX KOSPI Market of the Korea Exchange, formerly the Korea Stock Exchange, has a single trading floor located in Seoul. The Korea Exchange is a limited liability company, the shares of which are held by (i) securities companies and futures companies that were the members of the Korea Stock Exchange or the Korea Futures Exchange and (ii) the shareholders of the KOSDAQ.

As of March 31, 2016 the aggregate market value of equity securities listed on the KOSPI of the Korea Exchange was approximately Won 1,265,002 billion. The average daily trading volume of equity securities for the first quarter of 2016 was approximately 354 million shares with an average transaction value of Won 4,597 billion.

The Korea Exchange has the power in some circumstances to suspend trading of shares of a given company or to de-list a security. The Korea Exchange also restricts share price movements. All listed companies are required to file accounting reports annually, semi-annually and quarterly and to release immediately all information that may affect trading in a security.

The Government has in the past exerted, and continues to exert, substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector business community which can have the intention or effect of depressing or boosting the market. In the past, the Government has informally both encouraged and restricted the declaration and payment of dividends, induced mergers to reduce what it considers excess capacity in a particular industry and induced private companies to publicly offer their securities.

The Korea Exchange publishes the Korea Composite Stock Price Index, or KOSPI, every ten seconds, which is an index of all equity securities listed on the KRX KOSPI Market of the Korea Exchange. On January 1, 1983, the method of computing KOSPI was changed from the Dow Jones method to the aggregate value method. In the new method, the market capitalizations of all listed companies are aggregated, subject to certain adjustments, and this aggregate is expressed as a percentage of the aggregate market capitalization of all listed companies as of the base date, January 4, 1980.

Movements in KOSPI in the past five years are set out in the following table:


	Opening		High		Low		Closing
2011		2,070.1		2,228.9		1,706.2		1,825.7
2012		1,826.4		2,049.3		1,769.3		1,982.3
2013		2,031.1		2,059.6		1,780.6		2,011.3
2014		1,967.2		2,082.6		1,886.9		1,915.6
2015		1,926.4		2,173.4		1,829.8		1,961.3
2016 (through April 15)		1,918.8		2,015.9		1,835.3		2,014.7

Source: The Korea Exchange

Shares are quoted “ex-dividend” on the first trading day of the relevant company’s accounting period; since the calendar year is the accounting period for the majority of listed companies, this may account for the drop in KOSPI between its closing level at the end of one calendar year and its opening level at the beginning of the following calendar year.

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With certain exceptions, principally to take account of a share being quoted “ex-dividend” and “ex-rights,” upward and downward movements in share prices of any category of shares on any day are limited under the rules of the Korea Exchange to 30% of the previous day’s closing price of the shares, rounded down as set out below:


Previous Day’s Closing Price (Won)	Rounded Down to (Won)
less than 5,000	￦	5
5,000 to less than 10,000		10
10,000 to less than 50,000		50
50,000 to less than 100,000		100
100,000 to less than 500,000		500
500,000 or more		1,000

As a consequence, if a particular closing price is the same as the price set by the fluctuation limit, the closing price may not reflect the price at which persons would have been prepared, or would be prepared to continue, if so permitted, to buy and sell shares. Orders are executed on an auction system with priority rules to deal with competing bids and offers.

Due to deregulation of restrictions on brokerage commission rates, the brokerage commission rate on equity securities transactions may be determined by the parties, subject to commission schedules being filed with the Korea Exchange by the securities companies. In addition, a securities transaction tax will generally be imposed on the transfer of shares or certain securities representing rights to subscribe for shares. A special agricultural and fishery tax of 0.15% of the sales prices will also be imposed on transfer of these shares and securities on the Korea Exchange. See Item 10.E. “Taxation—Korean Taxes.”

The number of companies listed on the KRX KOSPI Market of the Korea Exchange since 2011, the corresponding total market capitalization at the end of the periods indicated and the average daily trading volume for those periods are set forth in the following table:


Year	Number of Listed Companies		Total Market Capitalization on the Last Day for Each Period				Average Daily Trading Volume, Value
Year	Number of Listed Companies		(Millions of Won)		(Thousands of U.S. dollars)⁽¹⁾		(Thousands of Shares)		(Millions of Won)		(Thousands of U.S. dollars)⁽¹⁾
2011		791		1,041,999,162		903,493,594		353,759		6,883,146		5,968,218
2012		784		1,154,294,166		1,077,671,708		486,480		4,823,643		4,503,448
2013		777		1,185,973,724		1,123,826,138		328,325		3,993,422		3,784,158
2014		773		1,192,252,867		1,084,655,082		319,661		3,891,322		3,540,140
2015		770		1,242,832,089		1,060,436,936		455,256		5,351,734		4,566,326
2016 (through April 15)		769		1,276,212,676		1,106,478,824		358,751		4,594,243		3,983,217

Source: The Korea Exchange

Note:

(1)	Converted at the Concentration Base Rate of the Bank of Korea or the market average exchange rate as announced by Seoul Money Brokerage Services, Ltd. in Seoul, as the case may be, at the end of the periods indicated.

The Korean securities markets are principally regulated by the Financial Services Commission and the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act. The law imposes restrictions on insider trading and price manipulation, requires specified information to be made available by listed companies to investors and establishes rules regarding margin trading, proxy solicitation, takeover bids, acquisition of treasury shares and reporting requirements for shareholders holding substantial interests.

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Protection of Customer’s Interest in Case of Insolvency of Financial Investment Companies with a Brokerage License

Under Korean law, the relationship between a customer and a financial investment company with a brokerage license in connection with a securities sell or buy order is deemed to be consignment, and the securities acquired by a consignment agent (i.e., the financial investment company with a brokerage license) through such sell or buy order are regarded as belonging to the customer insofar as the customer and the consignment agent’s creditors are concerned. Therefore, in the event of bankruptcy or reorganization procedures involving a financial investment company with a brokerage license, the customer of such financial investment company is entitled to the proceeds of the securities sold by such financial investment company.

When a customer places a sell order with a financial investment company with a brokerage license which is not a member of the Korea Exchange and this financial investment company places a sell order with another financial investment company with a brokerage license which is a member of the Korea Exchange, the customer is still entitled to the proceeds of the securities sold received by the non-member company from the member company regardless of the bankruptcy or reorganization of the non-member company.

Likewise, when a customer places a buy order with a non-member company and the non-member company places a buy order with a member company, the customer has the legal right to the securities received by the non-member company from the member company because the purchased securities are regarded as belonging to the customer insofar as the customer and the non-member company’s creditors are concerned.

Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, the Korea Exchange is obliged to indemnify any loss or damage incurred by a counterparty as a result of a breach by its members. If a financial investment company with a brokerage license which is a member of the Korea Exchange breaches its obligation in connection with a buy order, the Korea Exchange is obliged to pay the purchase price on behalf of the breaching member.

As the cash deposited with a financial investment company with a brokerage license is regarded as belonging to such financial investment company, which is liable to return the same at the request of its customer, the customer cannot take back deposited cash from the financial investment company with a brokerage license if a bankruptcy or reorganization procedure is instituted against such financial investment company and, therefore, can suffer from loss or damage as a result. However, the Depositor Protection Act provides that Korean Deposit Insurance Corporation will, upon the request of the investors, pay investors up to Won 50 million per depositor per financial institution in case of the such financial investment company’s bankruptcy, liquidation, cancellation of securities business license or other insolvency events (collectively, the “Insolvency Events”). Pursuant to the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, subject to certain exceptions, financial investment companies with a brokerage license are required to deposit the cash received from their customers with the Korea Securities Finance Corporation, a special entity established pursuant to the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act. Set-off or attachment of cash deposits by financial investment companies with a brokerage license is prohibited. The premiums related to this insurance under the Depositor Protection Act are paid by financial investment companies with a brokerage license.

Item 9.D. Selling Shareholders

Not Applicable

Item 9.E. Dilution

Not Applicable

Item 9.F. Expenses of the Issue

Not Applicable

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ITEM 10. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Item 10.A. Share Capital

Not Applicable

Item 10.B. Memorandum and Articles of Incorporation

Set forth below is information relating to our capital stock, including brief summaries of material provisions of our Articles of Incorporation, the KEPCO Act, the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, the Korean Commercial Code and certain related laws of Korea, all currently in effect. The following summaries are qualified in their entirety by reference to our Articles of Incorporation and the applicable provisions of the KEPCO Act, Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, the Korean Commercial Code, the Public Agencies Management Act and certain related laws of Korea. In November 2013 we amended our Articles of Incorporation to reflect the amendments to a regulation promulgated under the Public Agencies Management Act.

Objects and Purposes

We are a statutory juridical corporation established under the KEPCO Act for the purpose of ensuring “stabilization of the supply and demand of electric power, and further contributing toward the sound development of the national economy through expediting development of electric power resources and carrying out proper and effective operation of the electricity business.” The KEPCO Act and our Articles of Incorporation contemplate that we engage in the following activities:

development of electric power resources;

generation, transmission, transformation and distribution of electricity and other related business activities;

research and development of technology related to the businesses mentioned in items 1 and 2;

overseas businesses related to the businesses mentioned in items 1 through 3;

investments or contributions related to the businesses mentioned in items 1 through 4;

businesses incidental to items 1 through 5;

Development and operation of certain real estate held by us to the extent that:

other activities entrusted by the Government.

Our registered name is “Hankook Chollryuk Kongsa” in Korean and “Korea Electric Power Corporation” in English. Our registration number in the commercial registry office is 114671-0001456.

Directors

Under the KEPCO Act and our Articles of Incorporation, our board of directors consists of our president, standing directors and non-standing directors. A majority of the board members constitutes a voting quorum, and resolutions will be passed by a majority of the board members. Directors who have an interest in certain agenda proposed to the board may not vote on such issues.

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The standards of remuneration for our officers, including directors, shall be determined by a resolution of the board of directors, provided that the maximum amount of remuneration to be paid to our officers shall be determined by shareholder resolution and provided that the remuneration standards for the president and standing directors shall be determined by board resolution in accordance with the guideline thereon established by the minister of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance through review and resolution of our management committee. Directors who have an interest may not participate in the meeting of the board of directors for determining the remuneration for officers.

Neither the KEPCO Act nor our Articles of Incorporation have provisions relating to (i) borrowing powers exercisable by the directors and how such borrowing powers can be varied, (ii) retirement or non-retirement of directors under an age limit requirement, or (iii) the number of shares required for a director’s qualification.

Share Capital

Currently, our authorized share capital is 1,200,000,000 shares, which consists of shares of common stock and shares of non-voting preferred stock, par value Won 5,000 per share. Under our Articles of Incorporation, we are authorized to issue up to 150,000,000 non-voting preferred shares. As of March 8, 2016, the last day on which our shareholders’ registry was closed for purposes of identifying shareholders of record, 641,964,077 common shares were issued and no non-voting preferred shares have been issued. All of the issued and outstanding common shares are fully-paid and non-assessable and are in registered form. Share certificates are issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000 and 10,000 shares.

Description of Capital Stock

Dividend Rights

Under the KEPCO Act, we are authorized to pay preferential dividends on our shares held by public shareholders as opposed to those held by the Government. Dividends to public shareholders are distributed in proportion to the number of shares of the relevant class of capital stock owned by each public shareholder following approval by the shareholders at a general meeting of shareholders. Korea Development Bank may receive dividends in proportion to the numbers of our shares held by them. Under the Korean Commercial Code and our Articles of Incorporation, we will pay full annual dividends on newly issued shares.

Under our Articles of Incorporation, holders of non-voting preferred shares (of which there are currently none) are entitled to receive an amount not less than 8% of their par value as determined by a resolution of the board of directors at the time of their issuance. However, if the dividends on our common shares exceed the dividends on our non-voting preferred shares, the holders of non-voting preferred shares will be entitled to participate in the distribution of such excess amount with the holders of the common shares at an equal rate.

We declare our dividend annually at the annual general meeting of shareholders which is held within three months after the end of the fiscal year. The annual dividend is paid to the shareholders on record as of the end of the fiscal year preceding the annual shareholders’ meeting. Annual dividends may be distributed either in cash or in our shares. However, a dividend of shares must be distributed at par value, and dividends in shares may not exceed one-half of the annual dividend.

Under the Korean Commercial Code and our Articles of Incorporation, we do not have an obligation to pay any annual dividend unclaimed for five years from the payment date.

The KEPCO Act provides that we shall not pay an annual dividend unless we have made up any accumulated deficit and set aside as a legal reserve an amount equal to 20.0% or more of our net profit until our accumulated reserve reaches one-half of our stated capital.

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Distribution of Free Shares

In addition to dividends in the form of shares to be paid out of retained or current earnings, the Korean Commercial Code permits us to distribute to our shareholders an amount transferred from our capital surplus or legal reserve to stated capital in the form of free shares.

Voting Rights

Holders of our common shares are entitled to one vote for each common share, except that voting rights with respect to any common shares held by us or by a corporate shareholder, more than one-tenth of whose outstanding capital stock is directly or indirectly owned by us, may not be exercised. Any person (with certain exceptions) who holds more than 3% of our issued and outstanding shares cannot exercise voting rights with respect to the shares in excess of this 3% limit. See “—Limitation on Shareholdings.” Pursuant to the Korean Commercial Code, cumulative voting is permissible in relation to the appointment of directors. Under the Korean Commercial Code, a cumulative vote can be requested by the shareholders of a corporation representing at least 1% of the total voting shares of such corporation if the relevant shareholders’ meeting is intended to elect more than two seats of the board of directors and the request for cumulative voting is made to the management of the corporation in writing at least six weeks in advance of the shareholders’ meeting. Under this new voting method, each shareholder will have multiple voting rights corresponding to the number of directors to be appointed in such voting and may exercise all such voting rights to elect one director. Shareholders are entitled to vote cumulatively unless the Articles of Incorporation expressly prohibit cumulative voting. Our current Articles of Incorporation do not prohibit cumulative voting. Except as otherwise provided by law or our Articles of Incorporation, a resolution can be adopted at a general meeting of shareholders by affirmative majority vote of the voting shares of the shareholders present or represented at a meeting, which must also represent at least one-fourth of the voting shares then issued and outstanding. The holders of our non-voting preferred shares (other than enfranchised preferred shares (as described below)) are not entitled to vote on any resolution or to receive notice of any general meeting of shareholders unless the agenda of the meeting includes consideration of a resolution on which such holders are entitled to vote. If we are unable to pay any dividend to holders of non-voting preferred shares as provided in our Articles of Incorporation, the holders of non-voting preferred shares will become enfranchised and will be entitled to exercise voting rights until such dividends are paid. The holders of these “enfranchised preferred shares” have the same rights as holders of our common shares to request, receive notice of, attend and vote at a general meeting of shareholders. Pursuant to the KEPCO Act and our Articles of Incorporation, the appointment of standing directors, the president and standing statutory auditor are subject to shareholder approval.

Under the Korean Commercial Code, for the purpose of electing our statutory auditor, a shareholder (together with certain related persons) holding more than 3% of the total shares having voting rights may not exercise voting rights with respect to shares in excess of such 3% limit.

The Korean Commercial Code provides that the approval by holders of at least two-thirds of those shares having voting rights present or represented at a meeting, where such shares also represent at least one-third of the total issued and outstanding shares having voting rights, is required in order to, among other things:

•

amend our Articles of Incorporation;

•

remove a director or statutory auditor;

•

effect any dissolution, merger, consolidation or spin-off of us;

•

transfer the whole or any significant part of our business;

•

effect the acquisition by us of all of the business of any other company;

•

effect the acquisition by us of the business of another company that may have a material effect on our business;

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•

reduce capital; or

•

issue any new shares at a price lower than their par value.

Under our Articles of Incorporation, an approval by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy is required in order to amend the Articles of Incorporation. Any change to our authorized share capital requires an amendment to our Articles of Incorporation.

In addition, in the case of amendments to our Articles of Incorporation or any merger or consolidation of us or in certain other cases which affect the rights or interests of the non-voting preferred shares a resolution must be adopted by a meeting of the holders of non-voting preferred shares approving such event. This resolution may be adopted if approval is obtained from holders of at least two-thirds of those non-voting preferred shares present or represented at such meeting and such non-voting preferred shares also represent at least one-third of our total issued and outstanding non-voting preferred shares.

A shareholder may exercise his voting rights by proxy. The proxy shall present the power of attorney prior to the start of the general meeting of shareholders. Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act and our Articles of Incorporation, no one other than us may solicit a proxy from shareholders.

Subject to the provisions of the deposit agreement, holders of our American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) are entitled to instruct the depositary, whose agent is the record holder of the underlying common shares, how to exercise voting rights relating to those underlying common shares.

Preemptive Rights and Issuance of Additional Shares

Authorized but unissued shares may be issued at such times and, unless otherwise provided in the Korean Commercial Code, upon such terms as our board of directors may determine. The new shares must be offered on uniform terms to all our shareholders who have preemptive rights and who are listed on the shareholders’ register as of the record date. Subject to the limitations described under “—Limitation on Shareholdings” below and with certain other exceptions, all our shareholders are entitled to subscribe for any newly issued shares in proportion to their existing shareholdings. Under the Korean Commercial Code, we may vary, without shareholder approval, the terms of such preemptive rights for different classes of shares. Public notice of the preemptive rights to new shares and their transferability must be given not less than two weeks (excluding the period during which the shareholders’ register is closed) prior to the record date. Our board of directors may determine how to distribute shares for which preemptive rights have not been exercised or where fractions of shares occur.

Our Articles of Incorporation provide that new shares that are (1) publicly offered pursuant to the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, (2) issued to members of our employee stock ownership association, (3) represented by depositary receipts, (4) issued through offering to public investors, or (5) issued to investors in kind under the State Property Act may be issued pursuant to a resolution of the board of directors to persons other than existing shareholders, who in such circumstances will not have preemptive rights.

Under our Articles of Incorporation, we may issue convertible bonds or bonds with warrants each up to an aggregate principal amount of Won 2,000 billion and Won 1,000 billion, respectively, to persons other than existing shareholders. However, the aggregate principal amount of convertible bonds and bonds with warrants so issued to persons other than existing shareholders may not exceed Won 2,000 billion.

Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act and our Articles of Incorporation, members of our employee stock ownership association, whether or not they are our shareholders, have a preemptive right, subject to certain exceptions, to subscribe for up to 20.0% of any shares publicly offered pursuant to the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act. This right is exercisable only to the extent that the total number of shares so acquired and held by members of our employee stock ownership association does not exceed 20.0% of the total number of shares then outstanding.

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Liquidation Rights

In the event of our liquidation, the assets remaining after payment of all debts, liquidation expenses and taxes will be distributed among shareholders in proportion to the number of shares held. Holders of our non-voting preferred shares have no preference in liquidation.

Rights of Dissenting Shareholders

In certain limited circumstances (including, without limitation, the transfer of the whole or any significant part of our business or the merger, or consolidation upon a split-off of us with another company), dissenting holders of shares have the right to require us to purchase their shares. To exercise such right, shareholders must submit a written notice of their intention to dissent to us prior to the general meeting of shareholders or the class meeting of holders of non-voting preferred shares, as the case may be. Within 20 days after the date on which the relevant resolution is passed at such meeting, such dissenting shareholders must request us in writing to purchase their shares. We are obligated to purchase the shares of dissenting shareholders within one month after the expiration of such 20-day period. The purchase price for such shares must be determined through negotiation between the dissenting shareholders and us. Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, if we cannot agree on a price through negotiation, the purchase price will be the average of (1) the weighted average of the daily share price on the Korea Exchange for a two-month period before the date of adoption of the relevant board resolution, (2) the weighted average of the daily share price on the Korea Exchange for the one month period before such date and (3) the weighted average of the daily share price on the Korea Exchange for the one week period before such date. However, if we or dissenting shareholders who requested us to purchase their shares oppose such purchase price, the determination of a purchase price may be filed with a court. Holders of ADSs will not be able to exercise dissenter’s rights unless they have withdrawn the underlying Common Stock and become our direct shareholders.

Transfer of Shares

Under the Korean Commercial Code, the transfer of shares is effected by delivery of share certificates, but in order to assert shareholders’ rights against us, the transferee must have his name and address registered on our register of shareholders. For this purpose, shareholders are required to file one’s name, address and seal with our transfer agent. Under our Articles of Incorporation, non-resident shareholders must appoint an agent authorized to receive notices on their behalf in Korea and file a mailing address in Korea. These requirements do not apply to the holders of ADSs. Under current Korean regulations, the Korea Securities Depository, foreign exchange banks (including domestic branches of foreign banks), financial investment companies with a dealing, brokerage or collective investment license and internationally recognized foreign custodians are authorized to act as agents and provide related services for foreign shareholders. Our transfer agent is Kookmin Bank, located at 9-1, Namdaemun-ro, 2-ga, Chung-ku, Seoul, Korea. Certain foreign exchange controls and securities regulations apply to the transfer of our shares by non-residents of Korea or non-Koreans. See Item 9. “The Offer and Listing.”

Acquisition of Our Own Shares

Under the Korean Commercial Code, we may acquire our own shares through (1) purchases on a stock exchange or (2) purchase of the shares in proportion to the number of shares held by each shareholder on equal terms and conditions, by a resolution at a Shareholders’ meeting. The aggregate amount of the acquisition price shall not exceed the excess of our net assets, on a non-consolidated basis, over the sum of (1) our stated capital, (2) the total amount of our capital surplus reserve and earned surplus reserve which have accumulated up to the end of the previous fiscal year, (3) our earned surplus required to be accumulated for the then current fiscal year and (4) our net assets stated in the balance sheet as being increased as a result of the evaluation of the assets and liabilities in accordance with our accounting principles without being set off against any unrealized losses. In addition, under the Korean Commercial Code, we may not acquire our own shares if our net assets may fall short

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of the aggregate amount of the item (1) to (4) above, on a non-consolidated basis, as of the conclusion of the relevant business year of us. In general, our subsidiaries 50% or more of whose shares are owned by us may not acquire our shares.

General Meeting of Shareholders

The ordinary general meeting of our shareholders is held within three months after the end of each fiscal year, and subject to board resolution or court approval, an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders may be held as necessary or at the request of shareholders holding an aggregate of 1.5% or more of our outstanding common shares for at least six consecutive months. Under the Korean Commercial Code, an extraordinary general meeting of shareholders may be convened at the request of our audit committee, subject to a board resolution or court approval. Holders of non-voting preferred shares may only request a general meeting of shareholders once the non-voting preferred shares have become enfranchised as described under “—Description of Capital Stock—Voting Rights” above. Written notices setting forth the date, place and agenda of the meeting must be given to shareholders at least two weeks prior to the date of the general meeting of shareholders. However, pursuant to the Korean Commercial Code and our Articles of Incorporation, with respect to holders of less than 1% of the total number of our issued and outstanding shares which are entitled to vote, notice may be given by placing at least two public notices at least two weeks in advance of the meeting in at least two daily newspapers published in Seoul or by placing a public notice in the electrical disclosure system of the Financial Supervisory Service or the Korea Exchange, at least two weeks in advance of the meeting. Currently, for giving such notice, we use an electronic disclosure system available for access at a website maintained by the FSS (known as the Data Analysis, Retrieval and Transfer System, or DART). Shareholders not on the shareholders’ register as of the record date are not entitled to receive notice of the general meeting of shareholders or attend or vote at such meeting. Holders of the enfranchised preferred shares on the shareholders’ register as of the record date are entitled to receive notice of, and to attend and vote at, the general meetings. Otherwise, holders of non-voting preferred shares are not entitled to receive notice of general meetings of shareholders or vote at such meetings but may attend such meetings.

The general meeting of shareholders is held in Naju, Jeollanam-do.

Register of Shareholders and Record Dates

Our transfer agent, Kookmin Bank, maintains the register of our shareholders at its office in Seoul, Korea. It registers transfers of our shares on the register of shareholders upon presentation of the share certificates.

The record date for annual dividends is December 31. For the purpose of determining the holders of shares entitled to annual dividends, the register of shareholders may be closed from January 1 to January 31 of each year. Further, the Korean Commercial Code and our Articles of Incorporation permit us at least two weeks’ public notice to set a record date and/or close the register of shareholders for not more than three months for the purpose of determining the shareholders entitled to certain rights pertaining to our shares. The trading of our shares and the delivery of certificates in respect of them may continue while the register of shareholders is closed.

Annual Report

At least one week prior to the annual general meeting of shareholders, our annual report and audited consolidated financial statements must be made available for inspection at our principal office and at all branch offices. Copies of annual reports, the audited non-consolidated financial statements and any resolutions adopted at the general meeting of shareholders will be available to our shareholders.

Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, we must file with the Financial Services Commission and the Korea Exchange an annual report within 90 days after the end of our fiscal year, a half-year

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report within 45 days after the end of the first six months of our fiscal year and quarterly reports within 45 days after the end of the first three months and nine months of our fiscal year. Following our adoption of IFRS starting in January 1, 2011 pursuant to regulatory requirements for listed companies in Korea, we are required to file half-year and quarterly reports containing interim financial statements and notes thereto on a consolidated basis as well as on a separate basis.

Limitation on Shareholdings

No person other than the Government, our employee stock ownership association and persons who obtain an approval from the Financial Services Commission may hold for its account more than 3% of our total issued and outstanding shares. In calculating shareholdings for this purpose, shares held by your spouse and your certain relatives or by your certain affiliates (such spouses, relatives and affiliates are together referred to as “Affiliated Holders”) are deemed to be held by you. If you hold our shares in violation of this 3% limit, you are not entitled to exercise the voting rights or preemptive rights of our shares in excess of such 3% limit and the Financial Services Commission may order you to take necessary corrective action. In addition, the KEPCO Act currently requires that the Government, directly or through Korea Development Bank, own not less than 51% of our capital. For other restrictions on shareholdings, see Item 9. “The Offer and Listing.”

Change of Control

The KEPCO Act requires that the Government, directly or pursuant to the Korea Development Bank Act, through Korea Development Bank, own not less than 51% of our capital.

Disclosure of Share Ownership

Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, any person whose direct or beneficial ownership of a listed company’s shares with voting rights, equity-related debt securities including convertible bonds, bonds with warrants, exchangeable bonds, certificates representing the rights to subscribe for common shares, derivatives-linked securities and depository receipts of the aforementioned securities (collectively referred to as “Equity Securities”), together with the Equity Securities directly or beneficially owned by certain related persons or by any person acting in concert with the person, accounts for 5% or more of our total outstanding Equity Securities is required to report the status and purpose (in terms of whether the purpose of shareholding is to participate in the management of the issuer) of the holdings and the material contents of the agreements relating to the Equity Securities and other matters prescribed by the Presidential Decree under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act to the Financial Services Commission of Korea and the Korea Exchange within five business days after reaching the 5% ownership interest threshold.

In addition, any change (i) in the purpose of the shareholding or in the ownership, (ii) the major terms and conditions of agreements relating to Equity Securities owned (such as trust agreements and collateral agreements) to the extent the number of relevant Equity Securities is 1% or more of the total outstanding Equity Securities, or (iii) the type of ownership (direct ownership or holding) to the extent the number of relevant Equity Securities is 1% or more of the total outstanding Equity Securities, must be reported to the Financial Services Commission of Korea and the Korea Exchange within five business days from the date of such change (or by the tenth day of the month following the month in which the change occurs, in the case of a person with no intent to seek management control). Notwithstanding the foregoing, certain professional investors designated by the Financial Services Commission may report such matters to the Financial Services Commission and the Korea Exchange by the tenth day of the month immediately following the end of the quarter in which such 5.0% ownership interest is reached or the change occurs.

When filing a report to the Financial Services Commission and the Korea Exchange in accordance with the reporting requirements described above, a copy of such report must be sent to the relevant listed company. Violation of these reporting requirements may subject a person to sanctions such as prohibition on the exercise of

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voting rights with respect to the Equity Securities for which the reporting requirement was violated or fines or imprisonment. Furthermore, the Financial Services Commission may order the disposal of the Equity Securities for which the reporting requirement was violated or may impose administrative fine.

A person reporting to the Financial Services Commission and the Korea Exchange that his purpose of holding the Equity Securities is to participate in the management of the listed company is prohibited from acquiring additional Equity Securities of the listed company and exercising voting rights during the period commencing from the date on which the event triggering the reporting requirements occurs to the fifth day from the date on which the report is made.

Item 10.C. Material Contracts

None.

Item 10.D. Exchange Controls

General

The Foreign Exchange Transaction Act and the Presidential Decree and regulations under that Act and Decree, or collectively the Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws, regulate investment in Korean securities by non-residents and issuance of securities outside Korea by Korean companies. Non-residents may invest in Korean securities pursuant to the Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws. The Financial Services Commission has also adopted, pursuant to its authority under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, regulations that regulate investment by foreigners in Korean securities and issuance of securities outside Korea by Korean companies.

Subject to certain limitations, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance has the authority to take the following actions under the Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws: (i) if the Government deems it necessary on account of war, armed conflict, natural disaster or grave, sudden and significant changes in domestic or foreign economic circumstances or similar events or circumstances, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance may temporarily suspend performance under any or all foreign exchange transactions, in whole or in part, to which the Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws apply (including suspension of payment and receipt of foreign exchange) or impose an obligation to deposit, safe-keep or sell any instruments of payment to the Bank of Korea or certain other governmental agencies or financial institutions, and (ii) if the Government concludes that the international balance of payments and international financial markets are experiencing or are likely to experience significant disruption or that the movement of capital between Korea and other countries are likely to adversely affect the Korean Won, exchange rates or other macroeconomic policies, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance may take action to require any person who intends to effect or effects a capital transaction to deposit all or a portion of the instruments of payment acquired in such transactions with the Bank of Korea or certain other governmental agencies or financial institutions.

Government Review of Issuances of Debt Securities and ADSs and Report for Payments

In order for us to issue debt securities of any series outside of the Republic, we are required to file a report with our designated foreign exchange bank or the Ministry of Strategy and Finance on the issuance of such debt securities, depending on the issuance amount. The Ministry of Strategy and Finance may at its discretion direct us to take measures as necessary to avoid undue exchange rate fluctuations before it accepts such report. Furthermore, in order for us to make payments of principal of or interest on the debt securities of any series and other amounts as provided in an indenture and such debt securities, we are required to present relevant documents to the designated foreign exchange bank at the time of each actual payment. The purpose of such presentation is to ensure that the actual remittance is consistent with the terms of the transaction reported to our designated foreign exchange bank or the Ministry of Strategy and Finance.

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In order for us to offer for purchase shares of our common stock held in treasury in the form of ADSs or issue shares of our common stock represented by the ADSs, we are required to file a prior report of such offer or issuance with our designated foreign exchange bank or the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, depending on the offering amount. The Ministry of Strategy and Finance may at its discretion direct us to take measures as necessary to avoid undue exchange rate fluctuations before it accepts such report. No further Governmental approval is necessary for the initial offering and issuance of the ADSs.

In order for a depositary to acquire any existing shares of our common stock from holders of these shares of common stock (other than from us) for the purpose of issuance of depositary receipts representing these shares of common stock, the depositary would be required to obtain our consent for the number of shares to be deposited in any given proposed deposit which exceeds the difference between (1) the aggregate number of shares deposited by us or with our consent for the issuance of ADSs (including deposits in connection with the initial and all subsequent offerings of ADSs and stock dividends or other distributions related to these ADSs) and (2) the number of shares on deposit with the depositary at the time of such proposed deposit. We may not grant this consent for the deposit of shares of our common stock in the future, if our consent is required. Therefore, a holder of ADSs who surrenders ADSs and withdraws shares of our common stock may not be permitted subsequently to deposit such shares and obtain ADSs.

In addition, we are also required to notify the Ministry of Strategy and Finance upon receipt of the full proceeds from the offering of ADSs. No additional Governmental approval is necessary for the offering and issuance of ADSs.

Reporting Requirements for Holders of Substantial Interests

Under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, any person whose direct beneficial ownership of a listed company’s Equity Securities, together with the Equity Securities beneficially owned by certain related persons or by any person acting in concert with such person, accounts for 5% or more of our total outstanding Equity Securities is required to report the status and purpose (namely, whether the purposes of the share ownership is to participate in the management of the issuer) of the holdings and the material contents of the agreements relating to the Equity Securities and other matters prescribed by the Presidential Decree under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act to the Financial Services Commission and the Korea Exchange within five business days after reaching the 5% ownership interest and any change in ownership interest subsequent to the report which equals or exceeds 1.0% of the total outstanding Equity Securities is required to be reported to the Financial Services Commission and the Korea Exchange within five business days from the date of the change.

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imprisonment. Furthermore, the Financial Services Commission may order the disposal of the Equity Securities for which the reporting requirement was violated or may impose administrative fine.

In addition to the reporting requirements described above, any person whose direct or beneficial ownership of our voting stock and/or depository receipts for our voting stock accounts for 10.0% or more of the total issued and outstanding voting stock, whom we refer to as a major shareholder, must file a report to the Securities and Futures Commission and to the Korea Exchange within five business days after the date on which the person reached such shareholding limit. In addition, such person must file a report to the Securities and Futures Commission and to the Korea Exchange regarding any subsequent change in his/her shareholding. Such report on subsequent change in shareholding must be filed within five business days of the occurrence of any such change. Violation of these reporting requirements may subject a person to criminal sanctions such as fines and imprisonment.

Restrictions Applicable to ADSs

No Governmental approval is necessary for the sale and purchase of ADSs in the secondary market outside Korea or for the withdrawal of shares of our common stock underlying ADSs and the delivery inside Korea of the withdrawn shares. However, a foreigner who intends to acquire shares must obtain an Investment Registration Card from the Financial Supervisory Service as described below. The acquisition of shares by a foreigner must be reported by the foreigner or his standing proxy in Korea immediately to the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service.

Special Reporting Requirement for Companies Whose Securities Are Listed on Foreign Exchanges

Under the regulations of the Financial Services Commission and the Korean Exchange, (i) if a company listed on the Korea Exchange has submitted a public disclosure of material matters to a foreign financial investment supervisory authority pursuant to the laws of the foreign jurisdiction, then it must submit a copy of the public disclosure and a Korean translation thereof to the Financial Services Commission of Korea and the Korea Exchange, and (ii) if a company listed on the Korea Exchange is approved for listing on a foreign stock market or determined to be de-listed from the foreign stock market or actually listed on, or de-listed from, a foreign stock market, then it must submit a copy of any document, which it submitted to or received from the relevant foreign government, foreign financial investment supervisory authority or the foreign stock market, and a Korean translation thereof to the Financial Services Commission of Korea and the Korea Exchange.

Persons who have acquired shares of our common stock as a result of the withdrawal of shares of common stock underlying ADSs may exercise their preemptive rights for new shares, participate in free distributions and receive dividends on shares of our common stock without any further governmental approval.

Restrictions Applicable to Common Stock

Under the Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws and the Regulations on Financial Investment Business (together, the “Investment Rules”), foreigners are permitted to invest, subject to certain exceptions and procedural requirements, in all shares of Korean companies unless prohibited by specific laws. Foreign investors may trade shares listed on the Korea Exchange only through the Korea Exchange except for certain limited circumstances. These circumstances include, among others, (1) odd-lot trading of shares, (2) acquisition of shares by a foreign company as a result of a merger, (3) acquisition or disposal of shares in connection with a tender offer, (4) acquisition of shares by exercise of warrant, conversion right under convertible bonds, exchange right

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under exchangeable bonds or withdrawal right under depositary receipts issued outside of Korea by a Korean company, such shares being “Converted Shares,” (5) acquisition of shares through exercise of rights under securities issued outside of Korea, (6) acquisition of shares as a result of inheritance, donation, bequest or exercise of shareholders’ rights (including preemptive rights or rights to participate in free distributions and receive dividends), (7) over-the-counter transactions between foreigners of a class of shares for which a ceiling on aggregate acquisition by foreigners (as explained below) exists and has been reached or exceeded, (8) acquisition of shares by direct investment under the Foreign Investment Promotion Law, (9) acquisition and disposal of shares on an overseas stock exchange market, if such shares are simultaneously listed on the KRX KOSPI Market or the KRX KOSDAQ Market of the Korea Exchange and such overseas stock exchange, and (10) arm’s length transactions between foreigners in the event all such foreigners belong to an investment group managed by the same person. For over-the-counter transactions of shares listed on the Korea Exchange outside the Korea Exchange between foreigners of a class of shares for which a ceiling on aggregate acquisition by foreigners exists and has been reached or exceeded, a financial investment company with a brokerage license in Korea must act as an intermediary. Odd-lot trading of shares listed on the Korea Exchange outside the Korea Exchange must involve a financial investment company with a dealing license in Korea as the other party. Foreign investors are prohibited from engaging in margin transactions with respect to shares subject to a ceiling on acquisition by foreigners.

The Investment Rules require a foreign investor who wishes to invest in or dispose of shares on the Korea Exchange (including Converted Shares) to register his/her identity with the Financial Supervisory Service prior to making any such investment or disposal unless he/she had previously registered. However, such registration requirement does not apply to foreign investors who acquire Converted Shares with the intention of selling them within three months from the date they were acquired. Upon registration, the Financial Supervisory Service will issue to the foreign investor an Investment Registration Card which must be presented each time the foreign investor opens a brokerage account with a financial investment company or financial institution in Korea. Foreigners eligible to obtain an Investment Registration Card include any foreign nationals who are individuals (with residence abroad for six months or more), foreign governments, foreign municipal authorities, foreign public institutions, international financial institutions or similar international organizations, corporations incorporated under foreign laws and any person in any additional category designated by the Decree of the Financial Services and Capital Markets Act. All Korean branches of a foreign corporation as a group are treated as a separate foreigner from the head office of the foreign corporation. However, a foreign branch of a Korean securities company, a foreign corporation or a depositary issuing depositary receipts may obtain one or more Investment Registration Cards in its name in certain circumstances as described in the relevant regulations.

Upon a foreign investor’s purchase of shares through the Korea Exchange, no separate report by the investor is required because the Investment Registration Card system is designed to control and oversee foreign investment through a computer system. However, a foreign investor’s acquisition or sale of shares outside the Korea Exchange (as discussed above) must be reported by the foreign investor or his standing proxy to the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service at the time of each acquisition or sale. However, a foreign investor must ensure that any acquisition or sale by it of shares outside the Korea Exchange in the case of trades in connection with a tender offer, odd-lot trading of shares or trades of a class of shares for which the aggregate foreign ownership limit has been reached or exceeded, is reported to the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service by the Korea Securities Depository, financial investment companies with a dealing or brokerage license or securities finance companies engaged to facilitate such transactions. In the event a foreign investor desires to acquire or sell shares outside the Korea Exchange and the circumstances in connection with such sale or acquisition do not fall within the exceptions made for certain limited circumstances described above, then the foreign investor must obtain the prior approval of the Governor. In addition, in the event a foreign investor acquires or sells shares outside the Korea Exchange, a prior report to the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service may also be required in certain circumstances. A foreign investor may appoint one or more standing proxies from among the Korea Securities Depository, foreign exchange banks (including domestic branches of foreign banks), financial investment companies with a dealing, brokerage or collective investment license and certain eligible foreign custodians which will exercise shareholders’ rights or perform any matters related to the

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foregoing activities if the foreign investor does not perform these activities himself. However, a foreign investor may be exempted from complying with these standing proxy rules with the approval of the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service in cases deemed inevitable by reason of conflict between the laws of Korea and those of the home country of the foreign investor.

Certificates evidencing shares of Korean companies must be kept in custody with an eligible custodian in Korea, the Korea Securities Depository, foreign exchange banks (including domestic branches of foreign banks), financial investment companies with a dealing, brokerage or collective investment license and certain eligible foreign custodians are eligible to be a custodian of shares for a non-resident or foreign investor. A foreign investor must ensure that his custodian deposits his shares with the Korea Securities Depository. Generally, a foreign investor may not permit any person, other than his/her standing proxy, to exercise rights relating to his shares or perform any tasks related thereto on his behalf. However, a foreign investor may be exempted from complying with this deposit requirement with the approval of the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service in circumstances where compliance is made impracticable, including cases where such compliance would contravene the laws of the home country of the foreign investor.

Under the Investment Rules, with certain exceptions, a foreign investor may acquire shares of a Korean company without being subject to any single or aggregate foreign investment ceiling. However, certain designated public corporations are subject to a 40.0% ceiling on acquisitions of shares by foreigners in the aggregate and a ceiling on acquisitions of shares by a single foreign investor provided in the Articles of Incorporation of such corporations. Of the Korean companies listed on the Korea Exchange, we are so designated. The Financial Services Commission may impose other restrictions as it deems necessary for the protection of investors and the stabilization of the Korean securities and derivatives market. Generally, the ownership of Converted Shares constitutes foreign ownership for purposes of such aggregate foreign ownership limit. However, the acquisition of Converted Shares is one of the exceptions under which foreign investors may acquire shares of designated corporations in excess of the 40.0% ceiling.

In addition to the aggregate foreign investment ceiling set by the Financial Services Commission under authority of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, our Articles of Incorporation set a 3% ceiling on acquisition by a single investor (whether domestic or foreign) of the shares of our common stock. Any person (with certain exceptions) who holds more than 3% of our issued and outstanding shares cannot exercise voting rights with respect to our shares in excess of this 3% limit.

The ceiling on aggregate investment by foreigners applicable to us may be exceeded in certain limited circumstances, including as a result of acquisition of:

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shares by a depositary issuing depositary receipts representing such shares (whether newly issued shares or outstanding shares);

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Converted Shares;

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shares from the exercise of shareholders’ rights; or

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shares by gift, inheritance or bequest.

A foreigner who has acquired shares in excess of any ceiling described above may not exercise his voting rights with respect to the shares exceeding such limit and the Financial Services Commission may take necessary corrective action against him.

Under the Foreign Exchange Transaction Laws, a foreign investor who intends to acquire shares must designate a foreign exchange bank at which he must open a foreign currency account and a Won account exclusively for stock investments. No approval is required for remittance into Korea and deposit of foreign currency funds in the foreign currency account. Foreign currency funds may be transferred from the foreign currency account at the time required to place a deposit for, or settle the purchase price of, a stock purchase

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transaction to a Won account opened at a securities company. Funds in the foreign currency account may be remitted abroad without any governmental approval.

Dividends on shares of our common stock are paid in Won. No governmental approval is required for foreign investors to receive dividends on, or the Won proceeds of the sale of, any shares to be paid, received and retained in Korea. Dividends paid on, and the Won proceeds of the sale of, any shares held by a non-resident of Korea must be deposited either in a Won account with the investor’s securities company or the investor’s Won account. Funds in the investor’s Won account may be transferred to his foreign currency account or withdrawn for local living expenses, provided that any withdrawal of local living expenses in excess of a certain amount should be reported to the Governor of the Financial Supervisory Service. Funds in the investor’s Won account may also be used for future investment in shares or for payment of the subscription price of new shares obtained through the exercise of preemptive rights.

Financial investment companies with a securities dealing, brokerage or collective investment license are allowed to open foreign currency accounts with foreign exchange banks exclusively for accommodating foreign investors’ stock investments in Korea. Through these accounts, these securities companies and asset management companies may enter into foreign exchange transactions on a limited basis, such as conversion of foreign currency funds and Won funds, either as a counterparty to or on behalf of foreign investors without the foreign investors having to open their own accounts with foreign exchange banks.

Item 10.E. Taxation

Korean Taxes

The following summary describes the material Korean tax consequences of ownership of the Registered Debt Securities and ADSs. Persons considering the purchase of the Registered Debt Securities or ADSs should consult their own tax advisors with regard to the application of the Korean income tax laws to their particular situations as well as any tax consequences arising under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction. Reference is also made to a tax treaty between the Republic and the United States entitled “Convention Between the Government of the Republic of Korea and the Government of the United States of America for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with Respect to Taxes on Income and the Encouragement of International Trade and Investment,” signed on June 4, 1976 and entered into force on October 20, 1979.

The following summary of Korean tax considerations applies to you so long as you are not:

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a resident of Korea;

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a corporation having its head office, principal place of business or place of effective management in Korea; or

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engaged in a trade or business in Korea through a permanent establishment or a fixed base to which the relevant income is attributable or with which the relevant income is effectively connected.

Registered Debt Securities

Taxation of Interest

Pursuant to the Special Tax Treatment Control Law (“STTCL”), when we make payments of interest to you on the Registered Debt Securities, no amount will be withheld from such payments for, or on account of, any income taxes of any kind imposed, levied, withheld or assessed by Korea or any political subdivision or taxing authority thereof or therein, provided that Registered Debt Securities are deemed to be foreign currency-denominated bonds issued outside of Korea for the purpose of the STTCL.

If the tax exemption under the STTCL referred to above were to cease to be in effect, the rate of income tax or corporation tax applicable to the interest on the Registered Debt Securities would be 14% of income for a

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non-resident without a permanent establishment in Korea. In addition, local income tax would be imposed at the rate of 10.0% of the income tax or corporation tax (which would increase the total tax rate to 15.4%), unless reduction is available under an applicable income tax treaty. If you are a qualified resident in a country that has entered into a tax treaty with Korea, you may qualify for an exemption or a reduced rate of Korean withholding tax. See the discussion under “—Shares or ADSs—Tax Treaties” below for an additional explanation on treaty benefits.

In order to obtain the benefits of an exemption or a reduced withholding tax rate under a tax treaty, you must submit to us, prior to the interest payment date, such evidence of tax residence as may be required by the Korean tax authorities in order to establish your entitlement to the benefits of the applicable tax treaty.

Furthermore, Korean tax laws require the beneficial owner to submit an application for entitlement to a preferential tax rate together with evidence of tax residence (including a certificate of tax residence of the beneficial owner issued by a competent authority of the country of tax residence of the beneficial owner) to a withholding obligor paying Korean source income in order to benefit from the available reduced tax rate pursuant to the relevant tax treaty. Under Korean tax laws and subject to certain exceptions, an overseas investment vehicle (which is defined as an organization established in a foreign jurisdiction that manages funds collected through investment solicitation by acquiring, disposing or otherwise investing in proprietary targets and then distributes the proceeds thereof to investors) (the “Overseas Investment Vehicle”) must obtain an application for a preferential tax rate from the beneficial owner and forward it to the withholding obligor along with an overseas investment vehicle report (prepared by the Overseas Investment Vehicle) which includes a detailed statement on the beneficial owner.

Taxation of Capital Gains

Korean tax laws currently exclude from Korean taxation gains made by a non-resident without permanent establishment in Korea from the sale of a Registered Debt Security to another non-resident (except where a non-resident sells Registered Debt Securities to another non-resident who has permanent establishments in Korea, if any). In addition, capital gains realized from the transfer of Registered Debt Securities outside Korea by non-residents with or without permanent establishments in Korea are currently exempt from taxation by virtue of the STTCL, provided that the issuance of such Registered Debt Securities is deemed to be an overseas issuance of foreign currency-denominated bonds under the STTCL. If you sell or otherwise dispose of a Registered Debt Security through other ways than those mentioned above, any gain realized on the transaction will be taxable at ordinary Korean withholding tax rates (which is the lesser of 22.0% (including local income tax) of the net gain or 11.0% (including local income tax) of the gross sale proceeds, subject to the production of satisfactory evidence of the acquisition cost of such Registered Debt Securities and certain direct transaction costs attributable to the disposal of such Registered Debt Securities), unless an exemption is available under an applicable income tax treaty. See the discussion under “—Shares or ADSs—Tax Treaties” below for an additional explanation on treaty benefits.

Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax

If you die while you are the holder of Registered Debt Securities, the subsequent transfer of the Registered Debt Securities by way of succession will be subject to Korean inheritance tax. Similarly, if you transfer Registered Debt Securities as a gift, the donee will be subject to Korean gift tax and you may be required to pay the gift tax if the donee fails to do so.

At present, Korea has not entered into any tax treaty relating to inheritance or gift taxes.

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Shares or ADSs

Dividends on the Shares of Common Stock or ADSs

We will deduct Korean withholding tax from dividends (whether in cash or in shares) paid to you at a rate of 22% (inclusive of local income tax). If you are a qualified resident in a country that has entered into a tax treaty with Korea, you may qualify for a reduced rate of Korean withholding tax. See the discussion under “—Tax Treaties” below for an additional explanation on treaty benefits.

In order to obtain the benefits of a reduced withholding tax rate under a tax treaty, you must submit to us, prior to the dividend payment date, such evidence of tax residence as may be required by the Korean tax authorities in order to establish your entitlement to the benefits of the applicable tax treaty. Evidence of tax residence may be submitted to us through the ADS depositary. If we distribute to you free shares representing a transfer of certain capital reserves or asset revaluation reserves into paid-in capital, such distribution may be subject to Korean withholding tax.

Furthermore, Korean tax laws require the beneficial owner to submit an application for entitlement to a preferential tax rate together with evidence of tax residence (including a certificate of tax residence of the beneficial owner issued by a competent authority of the country of tax residence of the beneficial owner) to a withholding obligor paying Korean source income in order to benefit from the available reduced tax rate pursuant to the relevant tax treaty. Under Korean tax laws and subject to certain exceptions, the Overseas Investment Vehicle must obtain an application for entitlement to a preferential tax rate from the beneficial owner and forward it to the withholding obligor along with an overseas investment vehicle report (prepared by the Overseas Investment Vehicle) which includes a detailed statement on the beneficial owner.

If you hold common shares or ADSs and receive the dividend through an account at the Korea Securities Depository held by a foreign depositary settlement institute, you are not required to submit the application for entitlement to a preferential tax rate. However, evidence of tax residence may need to be submitted to us through such foreign depositary settlement institute.

Taxation of Capital Gains

As a general rule, capital gains earned by non-residents upon the transfer of the common shares or ADSs would be subject to Korean income tax at a rate equal to the lesser of (i) 11.0% (including local income tax) of the gross proceeds realized or (ii) 22.0% (including local income tax) of the net realized gain (subject to the production of satisfactory evidence of the acquisition costs and certain direct transaction costs arising out of the transfer of such common shares or ADSs), unless such non-resident is exempt from Korean income taxation under an applicable Korean tax treaty into which Korea has entered with the non-resident’s country of tax residence. Please see the discussion under “—Tax Treaties” below for an additional explanation on treaty benefits. Even if you do not qualify for any exemption under a tax treaty, you will not be subject to the foregoing income tax on capital gains if you qualify for the relevant Korean domestic tax law exemptions discussed in the following paragraphs.

You will not be subject to Korean income taxation on capital gains realized upon the transfer of our common stocks or ADSs through the Korea Exchange if you (i) have no permanent establishment in Korea and (ii) did not own or have not owned (together with any shares owned by any entity which you have a certain special relationship with and possibly including the shares represented by the ADSs) 25.0% or more of our total issued and outstanding shares at any time during the calendar year in which the sale occurs and during the five calendar years prior to the calendar year in which the sale occurs.

It should be noted that (i) capital gains earned by you (regardless of whether you have a permanent establishment in Korea) from the transfer of ADSs outside Korea will be exempted from Korean income taxation provided that ADSs are deemed to have been issued overseas under the STTCL, but (ii) if and when an owner of the underlying shares of stock transfers ADSs after conversion of the underlying shares into ADSs, the exemption described in (i) is not applicable.

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If you are subject to tax on capital gains with respect to the sale of ADSs, or of shares of common stock which you acquired as a result of a withdrawal, the purchaser or, in the case of the sale of shares of common stock on the Korea Exchange or through an investment dealer or investment broker under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, an investment dealer or investment broker is required to withhold Korean tax from the sales price in an amount equal to 11.0% (including local income tax) of the gross realization proceeds and to make payment of these amounts to the Korean tax authority, unless you establish your entitlement to an exemption under an applicable tax treaty or domestic tax law or produce satisfactory evidence of your acquisition cost and transaction costs for the shares of common stock or the ADSs.

However, if you transfer the ADSs following an exchange of the underlying shares of stock owned by you for ADSs to a purchaser who is a non-residents or a foreign company without permanent establishment in Korea, you are obligated to file an income tax return and pay tax on gain realized from such transfer unless exempt under an applicable tax treaty or domestic law. Further, if you transfer the shares of common stock outside of Korea (excluding a transfer on a foreign exchange) to non-residents or foreign companies without having permanent establishments in Korea, you are obligated to file an income tax return and pay income tax on capital gain realized from such transfer unless exempt under an applicable tax treaty or domestic law. If a purchaser or an investment dealer or investment broker, as the case may be, withholds and remits the tax on capital gains derived from transfer of shares of common stock or ADSs, your obligation to file an income tax return and pay income tax will be exempt.

In order to obtain the benefit of an exemption from tax pursuant to a tax treaty, you must submit to the purchaser or the investment dealer or the investment broker, or through the ADS depositary, as the case may be, prior to or at the time of payment, such evidence of your tax residence as the Korean tax authorities may require in support of your claim for treaty benefits. Please see the discussion under “—Tax Treaties” below for an additional explanation on claiming treaty benefits. Furthermore, Korean tax laws require the beneficial owner to submit an application for tax exemption together with evidence of tax residence (including a certificate of tax residence of the beneficial owner issued by a competent authority of the country of tax residence of the beneficial owner) to a withholding obligor paying Korean source income in order to benefit from the available exemption pursuant to the relevant tax treaty. Under Korean tax laws and subject to certain exceptions, the Overseas Investment Vehicle must obtain an application for tax exemption from the beneficial owner and forward it to the withholding obligor along with an overseas investment vehicle report (prepared by the Overseas Investment Vehicle) which includes a detailed statement on the beneficial owner.

Tax Treaties

Korea has entered into a number of income tax treaties with other countries (including the United States), which would reduce or exempt Korean withholding tax on dividends on, and capital gains on transfer of, shares of our common stock or ADSs. For example, under the Korea-United States income tax treaty, reduced rates of Korean withholding tax of 16.5% or 11.0% (respectively, including local income tax, depending on your shareholding ratio) on dividends and an exemption from Korean withholding tax on capital gains are available to residents of the United States that are beneficial owners of the relevant dividend income or capital gains. However, under Article 17 (Investment of Holding Companies) of the Korea-United States income tax treaty, such reduced rates and exemption do not apply if (i) you are a United States corporation, (ii) by reason of any special measures, the tax imposed on you by the United States with respect to such dividends or capital gains is substantially less than the tax generally imposed by the United States on corporate profits, and (iii) 25.0% or more of your capital is held of record or is otherwise determined, after consultation between competent authorities of the United States and Korea, to be owned directly or indirectly by one or more persons who are not individual residents of the United States. Also, under Article 16 (Capital Gains) of the Korea-United States income tax treaty, the exemption on capital gains does not apply if you are an individual, and (a) you maintain a fixed base in Korea for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year and your ADSs or shares of common stock giving rise to capital gains are effectively connected with such fixed base or (b) you are present in Korea for a period or periods of 183 days or more during the taxable year.

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You should inquire for yourself whether you are entitled to the benefit of an income tax treaty with Korea. It is the responsibility of the party claiming the benefits of an income tax treaty in respect of dividend payments or capital gains to submit to us, the purchaser or the investment dealer or the investment broker, as applicable, a certificate as to his tax residence. In the absence of sufficient proof, we, the purchaser or the investment dealer or the investment broker, as applicable, must withhold tax at the normal rates. Further, in order for you to obtain the benefit of a tax exemption on certain Korean source income (e.g., interest, dividends and capital gains) under an applicable tax treaty, Korean tax laws require you (or your agent) to submit an application for tax exemption (if there is no change in the content of such application, it is not required to submit such application again within a period of three years thereafter) along with a certificate of your tax residence issued by a competent authority of your country of tax residence. Under Korean tax laws and subject to certain exceptions, the Overseas Investment Vehicle must obtain an application for tax exemption from the beneficial owner and forward it to the withholding obligor along with an overseas investment vehicle report (prepared by the Overseas Investment Vehicle) which includes a detailed statement on the beneficial owner. The withholding obligor must submit the application and the report to the relevant tax office by the ninth day of the month following the date of the first payment of such income.

Furthermore, the Korean tax laws require the beneficial owner to submit an application for entitlement to a preferential tax rate (if there is no change in the content of such application, it is not required to submit such application again within a period of three years thereafter) together with evidence of tax residence (including a certificate of tax residence of the beneficial owner issued by a competent authority of the country of tax residence of the beneficial owner) to a withholding obligor paying Korean source income in order to benefit from the available reduced tax rate pursuant to the relevant tax treaty. If you hold the shares of common stock or ADSs and receive the dividend through an account at the Korea Securities Depository held by a foreign depositary settlement institute, you are not required to submit the application for entitlement to a preferential tax rate. However, evidence of tax residence may need to be submitted to us through such foreign depositary settlement institute.

Under Korean tax laws and subject to certain exceptions, the Overseas Investment Vehicle must obtain an application for a preferential tax rate from the beneficial owner and forward it to the withholding obligor along with an overseas investment vehicle report (prepared by the Overseas Investment Vehicle) which includes a detailed statement on the beneficial owner.

Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax

If you die while holding an ADS or donate an ADS, it is unclear whether, for Korean inheritance and gift tax purposes, you will be treated as the owner of the shares of common stock underlying the ADSs. If the tax authority interprets depositary receipts as the underlying share certificates, you may be treated as the owner of the shares of common stock and your heir or the donee (or in certain circumstances, you as the donor) will be subject to Korean inheritance or gift tax presently at the rate of 10.0% to 50.0%, depending on the value of the ADSs or shares of common stock.

If you die while holding a share of common stock or donate a share of common stock, your heir or donee (or in certain circumstances, you as the donor) will be subject to Korean inheritance or gift tax at the same rate as indicated above.

At present, Korea has not entered into any tax treaty relating to inheritance or gift taxes.

Securities Transaction Tax

If you transfer shares of common stock on the Stock Market of the Korea Exchange, you will be subject to securities transaction tax at the rate of 0.15% and an agriculture and fishery special surtax at the rate of 0.15% of the sale price of the shares of common stock. If your transfer of the shares of common stock is not made on the

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Stock Market of the Korea Exchange, subject to certain exceptions you will be subject to securities transaction tax at the rate of 0.5% and will not be subject to an agriculture and fishery special surtax.

Under the Securities Transaction Tax Law, depositary receipts (such as ADSs) constitute share certificates subject to the securities transaction tax. However, a transfer of depositary receipts listed on the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ National Market or other qualified foreign exchanges will be exempt from the securities transaction tax although depositary receipts, including ADSs, constitute share certificates subject to the securities transaction tax.

In principle, the securities transaction tax, if applicable, must be paid by the transferor of the shares or rights. When the transfer is effected through the Korea Securities Depository, the Korea Securities Depository is generally required to withhold and pay the tax to the tax authorities. When such transfer is made through an investment dealer or investment broker under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act only, such investment dealer or investment broker is required to withhold and pay the tax. Where the transfer is effected by a non-resident without a permanent establishment in Korea, other than through the Korea Securities Depository or an investment dealer or investment broker, the transferee is required to withhold the securities transaction tax for payment to the Korean tax authority.

U.S. Federal Income and Estate Tax Considerations for U.S. Persons

The following is a summary of certain U.S. Federal income and estate tax consequences for beneficial owners of the Registered Debt Securities, common stock and ADSs that are “U.S. Persons” (as defined below). For purposes of this summary, you are a “U.S. Person” if you are any of the following for U.S. Federal income tax purposes:

•

an individual citizen or resident of the United States;

•

a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia;

•

an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. Federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

•

a trust if (1) it is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more United States persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in effect under applicable United States Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

This summary is based on current law, which is subject to change (perhaps retroactively), is for general purposes only and should not be considered tax advice. This summary does not represent a detailed description of the U.S. Federal income and estate tax consequences and does not address the effects of the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income or foreign, state, local or other tax considerations that may be relevant to you in light of your particular circumstances. The discussion set forth below is applicable to you if (i) you are a resident of the United States for purposes of the current income tax treaty between the United States and Korea (the “Treaty”), (ii) your Registered Debt Securities, common stock or ADSs are not, for purposes of the Treaty, effectively connected with a permanent establishment in Korea and (iii) you otherwise qualify for the full benefits of the Treaty. Except where noted, this summary deals only with Registered Debt Securities, common stock or ADSs held as capital assets, and it does not represent a detailed description of the U.S. Federal income and estate tax consequences applicable to you if you are subject to special treatment under the U.S. Federal income tax laws (including if you are a dealer in securities or currencies, a financial institution, a regulated investment company, a real estate investment trust, an insurance company, a tax-exempt organization, a person holding the Registered Debt Securities, common stock or ADSs as part of a hedging, integrated or conversion transaction, constructive sale or straddle, a person owning 10.0% or more of our voting stock, a trader in securities that elects to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for your securities holdings, a person liable

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for the alternative minimum tax, an investor in a pass-through entity, or a U.S. Person whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar). We cannot assure you that a change in law will not alter significantly the tax considerations that we describe in this summary.

If a partnership holds the Registered Debt Securities, common stock or ADSs, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding our Registered Debt Securities, common stock, or ADSs, you should consult your tax advisor.

Because of the 100-year maturity of the One Hundred Year 7.95% Zero-to-Full Debentures, due April 1, 2096 (the “ZTF Debentures”), it is not certain whether the ZTF Debentures will be treated as debt for U.S. Federal income tax purposes. The discussion below assumes that the ZTF Debentures (as well as the other Registered Debt Securities) will be treated as debt, except that a summary of the consequences to you if the ZTF Debentures were not treated as debt is provided under “Tax Consequences with Respect to Registered Debt Securities Generally—ZTF Debentures Treated as Equity” below.

The discussion of the tax consequences of ownership of common stock and ADSs below is based, in part, upon representations made by the Depositary to us and assumes that the deposit agreement, and all other related agreements, will be performed in accordance with their terms.

You should consult your own tax advisor concerning the particular U.S. Federal income and estate tax consequences to you of the ownership of the Registered Debt Securities, common stock and ADSs, as well as the consequences to you arising under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction.

Tax Consequences with Respect to Registered Debt Securities Generally

Payments

Except as provided below with regard to original issue discount (as defined below) on the ZTF Debentures, interest on a Registered Debt Security will generally be taxable to you as ordinary income at the time it is paid or accrued in accordance with your method of accounting for tax purposes. Principal payments on an amortizing Registered Debt Security generally will constitute a tax-free return of capital to you.

Although interest payments to you are currently exempt from Korean taxation provided that Registered Debt Securities are deemed to be foreign currency-denominated bonds issued outside of Korea for the purpose of the STTCL (see—“Korean Taxes—Registered Debt Securities—Taxation of Interest,” above), if the Korean law providing for the exemption is repealed, then, in addition to interest payments on the Registered Debt Securities and original issue discount on the ZTF Debentures, you will be required to include in income any additional amounts paid and any Korean tax withheld from interest payments notwithstanding that you in fact did not receive such withheld tax. You may be entitled to deduct or credit such Korean tax (up to the Treaty rate), subject to applicable limitations in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Your election to deduct or credit foreign taxes will apply to all of your foreign taxes for a particular taxable year. Interest income on a Registered Debt Security (including additional amounts and any Korean taxes withheld in respect thereof) and original issue discount on a ZTF Debenture generally will constitute foreign source income and generally will be considered passive category income for purposes of computing the foreign tax credit. You will generally be denied a foreign tax credit for Korean taxes imposed with respect to the Registered Debt Securities where you do not meet a minimum holding period requirement during which you are not protected from risk of loss. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex. Investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances.

Original Issue Discount

The ZTF Debentures were issued with original issue discount (“OID”) for U.S. Federal income tax purposes equal to the difference between (i) the sum of all scheduled amounts payable on the ZTF Debentures (including

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the interest payable on such ZTF Debentures) and (ii) the “issue price” of the ZTF Debentures. The “issue price” of each ZTF Debenture is the first price at which a substantial amount of the ZTF Debentures was sold to the public (other than to an underwriter, broker, placement agent or wholesaler). If you hold ZTF Debentures, then (subject to the discussion in “—Bond Premium” below) you generally must include OID in gross income in advance of the receipt of cash attributable to that income, regardless of your method of accounting. However, you generally will not be required to include separately in income cash payments received on the ZTF Debentures, even if denominated as interest.

The amount of OID includible in income by the holder of a ZTF Debenture is the sum of the “daily portions” of OID with respect to the ZTF Debenture for each day during the taxable year or portion of the taxable year in which such holder held such ZTF Debenture, or accrued OID (for a discussion relevant to subsequent purchasers, see “—Market Discount” and “—Bond Premium,” below). The daily portion is determined by allocating to each day in any “accrual period” a pro rata portion of the OID allocable to that accrual period. The “accrual period” for a ZTF Debenture may be of any length and may vary in length over the term of the ZTF Debenture, provided that each accrual period is no longer than one year and each scheduled payment of principal or interest occurs on the first day or the final day of an accrual period. The amount of OID allocable to any accrual period other than the final accrual period is an amount equal to the product of the ZTF Debenture’s adjusted issue price at the beginning of such accrual period and its yield to maturity (determined on the basis of compounding at the close of each accrual period and properly adjusted for the length of the accrual period). OID allocable to a final accrual period is the difference between the amount payable at maturity and the adjusted issue price at the beginning of the final accrual period. The “adjusted issue price” of a ZTF Debenture at the beginning of any accrual period is equal to its issue price increased by the accrued OID for each prior accrual period (for subsequent purchasers, determined without regard to the amortization of any acquisition or bond premium, as described below) and reduced by any payments previously made on such ZTF Debenture. Under these rules, you will have to include in income increasingly greater amounts of OID in successive accrual periods. We are required to provide information returns stating the amount of OID accrued on ZTF Debentures held of record by persons other than corporations and other exempt holders.

As discussed above, although interest payments to you are currently exempt from Korean taxation provided that Registered Debt Securities are deemed to be foreign currency-denominated bonds issued outside of Korea for the purpose of the STTCL (see—“Korean Taxes—Registered Debt Securities—Taxation of Interest,” above), if the Korean law providing for the exemption is repealed, then Korean withholding tax may be imposed at times that differ from the times at which you are required to include interest or OID in income for U.S. Federal income tax purposes and this disparity may limit the amount of foreign tax credit available.

Market Discount

If you purchased a Registered Debt Security other than a ZTF Debenture for an amount that is less than its stated redemption price at maturity, or, in the case of a ZTF Debenture, its adjusted issue price, the amount of the difference will be treated as “market discount” for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, unless that difference is less than a specified de minimis amount. Under the market discount rules, you will be required to treat any payment, other than qualified stated interest (as defined in the Code), on, or any gain on the sale, exchange, retirement or other disposition of, a Registered Debt Security as ordinary income to the extent of the market discount that you have not previously included in income and are treated as having accrued on the Registered Debt Security at the time of its payment or disposition. In addition, you may be required to defer, until the maturity of the Registered Debt Security or its earlier disposition in a taxable transaction, the deduction of all or a portion of the interest expense on any indebtedness attributable to the Registered Debt Security.

Any market discount will be considered to accrue ratably during the period from the date of acquisition to the maturity date of the Registered Debt Security, unless you elect to accrue on a constant interest method. Your election to accrue market discount on a constant interest method is to be made for the taxable year in which you acquired the Registered Debt Security, applies only to that Registered Debt Security and cannot be revoked. You

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may elect to include market discount in income currently as it accrues, on either a ratable or constant interest method, in which case the rule described above regarding deferral of interest deductions will not apply. Your election to include market discount in income currently, once made, applies to all market discount obligations acquired by you on or after the first taxable year to which your election applies and may not be revoked without the consent of the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”). You should consult your own tax advisor before making this election.

Bond Premium

If you purchased a ZTF Debenture for an amount that is greater than its adjusted issue price but equal to or less than the sum of all amounts payable on the ZTF Debenture after the purchase date, you will be considered to have purchased that ZTF Debenture at an “acquisition premium.” Under the acquisition premium rules, the amount of OID that you must include in gross income with respect to a ZTF Debenture for any taxable year will be reduced by the portion of the acquisition premium properly allocable to that year.

If you purchased a Registered Debt Security for an amount in excess of the sum of all amounts payable on the Registered Debt Security after the purchase date other than qualified stated interest, you will be considered to have purchased the Registered Debt Security at a “premium” and, if such Registered Debt Security is a ZTF Debenture, you will not be required to include any OID in income. You generally may elect to amortize the premium over the remaining term of the Registered Debt Security on a constant yield method as an offset to interest when includible in income under your regular accounting method. In the case of instruments that provide for alternative payment schedules, bond premium is calculated by assuming that (a) you will exercise or not exercise options in a manner that maximizes your yield, and (b) we will exercise or not exercise options in a manner that minimizes your yield (except that we will be assumed to exercise call options in a manner that maximizes your yield). If you do not elect to amortize bond premium, that premium will decrease the gain or increase the loss you would otherwise recognize on disposition of a Registered Debt Security. Your election to amortize premium on a constant yield method will also apply to all debt obligations held or subsequently acquired by you on or after the first day of the first taxable year to which the election applies. You may not revoke the election without the consent of the IRS. You should consult your own tax advisor before making this election.

Sale, Exchange and Retirement of Registered Debt Securities

When you sell, exchange or retire a Registered Debt Security, you will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount you receive (not including an amount equal to any accrued qualified stated interest, which will be taxable as ordinary income to the extent not previously included in income) and your adjusted tax basis in the Registered Debt Security. Your tax basis in a Registered Debt Security other than a ZTF Debenture will generally be your cost of obtaining the Registered Debt Security increased by any market discount included in income and reduced by payments of principal you receive and any bond premium that you elect to amortize. Your adjusted tax basis in a ZTF Debenture will, in general, be your cost therefor, increased by any market discount and OID previously included in income and reduced by any cash payments on the ZTF Debentures and any bond premium that you elect to amortize. Your gain or loss realized on selling, exchanging or retiring a Registered Debt Security will generally be treated as United States source income. Consequently, you may not be able to use the foreign tax credit arising from any Korean tax imposed on the disposition of Registered Debt Securities unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against tax due on other income treated as derived from foreign sources. Except as described above with respect to market discount, your gain or loss will be capital gain or loss and will generally be long-term capital gain or loss if, at the time of the sale, exchange or retirement of a Registered Debt Security, you have held the Registered Debt Security for more than one year. If you are an individual and the Registered Debt Security being sold, exchanged or retired is a capital asset that you held for more than one year, you may be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on any capital gain recognized. Your ability to deduct capital losses is subject to limitations.

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ZTF Debentures Treated as Equity

If the ZTF Debentures were treated as equity for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, amounts actually or deemed paid with respect to the ZTF Debentures would be deemed dividends for U.S. Federal income tax purposes to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined for U.S. Federal income tax purposes).

You would include the amounts actually or deemed paid by us on the ZTF Debentures (before reduction for Korean withholding tax, if any) as dividend income when actually or constructively paid by KEPCO. Section 305 of the Code, which would apply to the ZTF Debentures if they were treated as equity for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, requires current accrual of dividends under principles similar to the accrual of OID. Amounts treated as dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction generally allowed to U.S. corporations.

Tax Consequences with Respect to Common Stock and ADSs

In general, for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, holders of ADSs will be treated as the owners of the underlying common stock that is represented by such ADSs. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of common stock by holders of ADSs will not be subject to U.S. Federal income tax.

Distributions on Common Stock or ADSs

The gross amount of distributions (other than certain distributions of common stock or rights to subscribe for common stock) to holders of common stock or ADSs (including amounts withheld in respect of Korean withholding taxes) will be taxable dividends to such holders, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. Federal income tax principles. Such income (including withheld taxes) will be includable in the gross income of a holder as ordinary income on the day actually or constructively received by the holder, in the case of common stock, or by the Depositary, in the case of ADSs. Such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporations under the Code.

With respect to non-corporate U.S. Persons, certain dividends paid by a qualified foreign corporation and received by such holders may be subject to reduced rates of taxation. A qualified foreign corporation includes a foreign corporation that is eligible for the benefits of an income tax treaty with the United States, if such treaty contains an exchange of information provision and the United States Treasury Department had determined that the treaty is satisfactory for purposes of the legislation. The United States Treasury Department has determined that the Treaty, which contains an exchange of information provision, is (in the absence of additional guidance) satisfactory for these purposes. In addition, we believe we are eligible for the benefits of the Treaty. However, a foreign corporation is also treated as a qualified foreign corporation with respect to dividends paid by that corporation on shares (or ADSs backed by such shares) that are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. Shares of our common stock will generally not be considered readily tradable for these purposes. However, United States Treasury Department guidance indicates that our ADSs, which are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. There can be no assurance that our ADSs will be considered readily tradable on an established securities market in later years. Non-corporate U.S. Persons that do not meet a minimum holding period requirement during which they are not protected from a risk of loss or that elect to treat the dividend income as “investment income” pursuant to Section 163(d)(4) of the Code will not be eligible for the reduced rates of taxation regardless of our status as a qualified foreign corporation. In addition, the rate reduction will not apply to dividends if the recipient of a dividend is obligated to make related payments with respect to positions in substantially similar or related property. This disallowance applies even if the minimum holding period has been met. Holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the application of the foregoing rules to their particular circumstances.

The amount of any dividend paid in Won will equal the United States dollar value of the Won received calculated by reference to the exchange rate in effect on the date the dividend is received by the holder, in the case of common stock, or by the Depositary, in the case of ADSs, regardless of whether the Won are converted

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into U.S. dollars. If the Won received as a dividend are not converted into U.S. dollars on the date of receipt, a holder will have a basis in the Won equal to their U.S. dollar value on the date of receipt. Any gain or loss realized on a subsequent conversion or other disposition of the Won will be treated as United States source ordinary income or loss. The amount of any distribution of property other than cash will be the fair market value of such property on the date of distribution.

The maximum rate of withholding tax on dividends paid to you pursuant to the Treaty is 16.5%. You will be required to properly demonstrate to us and the Korean tax authorities your entitlement to the reduced rate of withholding under the Treaty. Subject to certain conditions and limitations, Korean withholding taxes (up to the Treaty rate) will be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against your U.S. Federal income tax liability. For purposes of calculating the foreign tax credit, dividends paid on the common stock or ADSs will be treated as foreign source income and will generally constitute passive category income. Further, in certain circumstances, if you have held common stock or ADSs for less than a specified minimum period during which you are not protected from risk of loss, or are obligated to make payments related to the dividends, you will not be allowed a foreign tax credit for foreign taxes imposed on dividends paid on common stock or ADSs. The rules governing the foreign tax credit are complex. Investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of the foreign tax credit under their particular circumstances including the possible adverse impact on creditability to the extent you are entitled to a refund of any Korean tax withheld or a reduced rate of withholding.

To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits for a taxable year, as determined under U.S. Federal income tax principles, the distribution will first be treated as a tax- free return of capital, causing a reduction in the adjusted basis of the common stock or ADSs (thereby increasing the amount of gain, or decreasing the amount of loss, to be recognized by the investor on a subsequent disposition of the common stock or ADSs), and the balance in excess of adjusted basis will be taxed as capital gain recognized on a sale or exchange of property. Consequently, such distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits would not give rise to foreign source income and you generally would not be able to use the foreign tax credit arising from any Korean withholding tax imposed on such distributions unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against U.S. tax due on other foreign source income in the appropriate category for foreign tax credit purposes. However, we do not expect to keep earnings and profits in accordance with U.S. Federal income tax principles. Therefore, you should expect that a distribution will generally be treated as a dividend (as discussed above).

Distributions of common stock or rights to subscribe for common stock that are received as part of a pro rata distribution to all of our shareholders generally will not be subject to U.S. Federal income tax. Consequently such distributions will not give rise to foreign source income and you generally will not be able to use the foreign tax credit arising from any Korean withholding tax unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against U.S. tax due on other income derived from foreign sources. The basis of the new common stock or rights so received will be determined by allocating your basis in the old common stock between the old common stock and the new common stock or rights received, based on their relative fair market value on the date of distribution. However, the basis of the rights will be zero if (i) the fair market value of the rights is less than 15% of the fair market value of the old common stock at the time of distribution, unless the taxpayer timely elects to determine the basis of the old common stock and of the rights by allocating between the old common stock and the rights the adjusted basis of the old common stock or (ii) the rights are not exercised and thus expire.

Sale, Exchange or Other Disposition of ADSs or Common Stock

Upon the sale, exchange or other disposition of ADSs or common stock, you generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference between the amount realized upon the sale, exchange or other disposition and your adjusted tax basis in the ADSs or common stock. The capital gain or loss will be long-term capital gain or loss if at the time of sale, exchange or other disposition, the ADSs or common stock have been held by you for more than one year. Under current law, long-term capital gains of individuals are, under certain circumstances, taxed at lower rates than items of ordinary income. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to

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limitations. Any gain or loss recognized by you will generally be treated as U.S. source gain or loss. Consequently, you may not be able to use the foreign tax credit arising from any Korean tax imposed on the disposition of ADSs or common stock unless such credit can be applied (subject to applicable limitations) against tax due on other income treated as derived from foreign sources.

You should note that any Korean securities transaction tax will not be treated as a creditable foreign tax for U.S. Federal income tax purposes, although you may be entitled to deduct such taxes, subject to applicable limitations under the Code.

Estate and Gift Taxation

As discussed above in “—Korean Taxes—Registered Debt Securities—Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax” and “—Korean Taxes—Shares or ADSs—Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax,” Korea may impose an inheritance tax on your heir who receives ADSs and will impose an inheritance tax on an heir who receives common stock or Registered Debt Securities. The amount of any inheritance tax paid to Korea may be eligible for credit against the amount of U.S. Federal estate tax imposed on your estate. Prospective purchasers should consult their personal tax advisors to determine whether and to what extent they may be entitled to such credit. Korea also imposes a gift tax on the donation of any property located within Korea. The Korean gift tax generally will not be treated as a creditable foreign tax for United States tax purposes.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

In general, information reporting requirements will apply to principal, interest, OID and premium payments on Registered Debt Securities and dividend payments in respect of the common stock or ADSs or the proceeds received on the sale, exchange or redemption of the Registered Debt Securities, common stock or ADSs paid within the United States (and in certain cases, outside of the United States) to holders other than certain exempt recipients, and a backup withholding tax may apply to such amounts if you fail to provide an accurate taxpayer identification number or to report interest and dividends required to be shown on your U.S. Federal income tax returns. The amount of any backup withholding from a payment to you will be allowed as a refund or a credit against your U.S. Federal income tax liability, provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Item 10.F. Dividends and Paying Agents

Not Applicable

Item 10.G. Statements by Experts

Not Applicable

Item 10.H. Documents on Display

We are subject to the information requirements of the Exchange Act, and, in accordance therewith, are required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. You may inspect and copy these materials, including this annual report and the exhibits thereto, at SEC’s Public Reference Room 100 Fifth Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the Commission at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference rooms. As a foreign private issuer, we are also required to make filings with the Commission by electronic means. Any filings we make electronically will be available to the public over the Internet at the Commission’s web site at http://www.sec.gov.

Item 10.I. Subsidiary Information

Not Applicable

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ITEM 11. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Our primary market risk exposures are to fluctuations in exchange rates, interest rates and fuel prices. We are exposed to foreign exchange risk related to foreign currency-denominated liabilities. As of December 31, 2015, approximately 21.2% of our long-term debt (including the current portion but excluding issue discounts and premium), before accounting for swap transactions, was denominated in foreign currencies, principally U.S. dollars. However, a substantial portion of our revenues is denominated in Won. As a result, changes in exchange rates, particularly between the Won and the U.S. dollar, significantly affect us due to our significant amounts of foreign currency-denominated debt and the effect of such changes on the amount of funds required by us to make interest and principal payments on such debt. In order to reduce the impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations on our results of operations, we have recently been reducing and plan to continue to reduce the proportion of our debt which is denominated in foreign currencies.

We are also exposed to foreign exchange risk related to our purchases of fuel since we obtain substantially all of our fuel materials (other than anthracite coal) directly or indirectly from sources outside Korea. Prices for such fuel materials are quoted based on prices stated in, and in many cases are paid for in, currencies other than Won. In 2015, fuel costs represented 25.9% of our sales.

We are exposed to interest rate risk due to significant amounts of debt. Upward fluctuations in interest rates increase the cost of additional debt and the interest cost of outstanding floating rate borrowings. We are also exposed to fluctuations in prices of fuel materials. In 2015, for electricity generation, uranium accounted for 38.1% of our fuel requirements, coal accounted for 47.9%, LNG accounted for 10.7% and oil accounted for 2.2%, measured in each case by the amount of electricity we generated. In 2014, measured on the same basis, uranium accounted for 35.3% of our fuel requirements, coal accounted for 46.0%, LNG accounted for 15.5% and oil accounted for 1.7%.

For additional discussions of our market risks, see Item 3.D. “Risk Factors” and Item 5.B. “Liquidity and Capital Resources—Liquidity.”

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We have entered into various swap contracts to hedge exchange rate risks arising from foreign currency-denominated debts. Details of currency swap contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


	Counterparty	Contract Year		Settlement Year		Contract amounts				Contract interest rate			Contract Exchange Rate
Type	Counterparty	Contract Year		Settlement Year		Pay		Receive		Pay		Receive	Contract Exchange Rate
						(KRW in millions, USD in thousands)
Trading	Deutsche Bank		2013		2018		KRW 110,412		JPY 10,000,000		6.21%	4.19%		11.04
	IBK		2013		2018		KRW 111,800		USD 100,000		3.16%	2.79%		1,118.00
	Bank of America		2013		2018		KRW 103,580		JPY 10,000,000		7.05%	4.19%		10.36
	Credit Suisse		2014		2019		KRW 118,632		CHF 100,000		2.98%	1.50%		1,186.32
	Standard Chartered		2014		2019		KRW 114,903		CHF 100,000		4.00%	1.50%		1,149.03
	Standard Chartered		2014		2029		KRW 102,470		USD 100,000		3.14%	3.57%		1,024.70
	Standard Chartered		2014		2017		KRW 51,215		USD 50,000		2.24%	3M Libor + 0.55%		1,024.30
	Societe Generale		2014		2024		KRW 105,017		USD 100,000		4.92%	5.13%		1,050.17
	KEB Hana Bank		2015		2024		KRW 107,970		USD 100,000		4.75%	5.13%		1,079.70
	Credit Agricole		2015		2024		KRW 94,219		USD 86,920		4.85%	5.13%		1,083.97
	Mizuho Bank		2014		2017		KRW 153,645		USD 150,000		2.35%	3M Libor + 0.65%		1,024.30
	Citibank		2012		2022		KRW 112,930		USD 100,000		2.79%	3.00%		1,129.30
	JP Morgan		2012		2022		KRW 112,930		USD 100,000		2.79%	3.00%		1,129.30
	Bank of America		2012		2022		KRW 112,930		USD 100,000		2.79%	3.00%		1,129.30
	Goldman Sachs		2012		2022		KRW 112,930		USD 100,000		2.79%	3.00%		1,129.30
	HSBC		2012		2022		KRW 111,770		USD 100,000		2.89%	3.00%		1,117.70
	KEB Hana Bank		2012		2022		KRW 111,770		USD 100,000		2.87%	3.00%		1,117.70
	Standard Chartered		2012		2022		KRW 111,770		USD 100,000		2.89%	3.00%		1,117.70
	Deutsche Bank		2012		2022		KRW 55,885		USD 50,000		2.79%	3.00%		1,117.70
	DBS		2013		2018		KRW 108,140		USD 100,000		2.63%	3M Libor + 0.84%		1,081.40
	DBS		2013		2018		KRW 108,140		USD 100,000		2.57%	3M Libor + 0.84%		1,081.40
	DBS		2013		2018		KRW 108,140		USD 100,000		2.57%	3M Libor + 0.84%		1,081.40
	HSBC		2013		2018		KRW 107,450		USD 100,000		3.41%	2.88%		1,074.50
	Standard Chartered		2013		2018		KRW 107,450		USD 100,000		3.44%	2.88%		1,074.50
	JP Morgan		2013		2018		KRW 107,450		USD 100,000		3.48%	2.88%		1,074.50
	Bank of America		2014		2018		KRW 107,450		USD 100,000		3.09%	2.88%		1,074.50
	Citibank		2014		2018		KRW 107,450		USD 100,000		3.09%	2.88%		1,074.50
	JP Morgan		2014		2017		KRW 102,670		USD 100,000		2.89%	3M Libor + 0.78%		1,026.70
	Deutsche Bank		2014		2017		KRW 102,670		USD 100,000		2.89%	3M Libor + 0.78%		1,026.70
	HSBC		2014		2019		KRW 105,260		USD 100,000		2.48%	2.38%		1,052.60
	Standard Chartered		2014		2019		KRW 105,260		USD 100,000		2.48%	2.38%		1,052.60
	RBS		2014		2019		KRW 105,260		USD 100,000		2.48%	2.38%		1,052.60
	Nomura		2015		2025		KRW 111,190		USD 100,000		2.60%	3.25%		1,111.90
	Korea Development Bank		2015		2025		KRW 111,190		USD 100,000		2.62%	3.25%		1,111.90
	KEB Hana Bank		2015		2025		KRW 55,595		USD 50,000		2.62%	3.25%		1,111.90
	Woori Bank		2015		2025		KRW 55,595		USD 50,000		2.62%	3.25%		1,111.90
Cash flow hedge	Citibank		2006		2016		KRW 113,200		USD 100,000		1.05%	6.00%		1,132.00
	Barclays Bank PLC		2006		2016		KRW 113,200		USD 100,000		1.05%	6.00%		1,132.00
	Credit Suisse		2006		2016		KRW 113,200		USD 100,000		1.05%	6.00%		1,132.00
	Goldman Sachs		2011		2017		KRW 105,260		USD 100,000		3.99%	3.63%		1,052.60
	Barclays Bank PLC		2011		2017		KRW 105,260		USD 100,000		3.99%	3.63%		1,052.60
	Citibank		2011		2017		KRW 105,260		USD 100,000		3.99%	3.63%		1,052.60

139


	Counterparty	Contract Year		Settlement Year		Contract amounts				Contract interest rate				Contract Exchange Rate
Type	Counterparty	Contract Year		Settlement Year		Pay		Receive		Pay			Receive	Contract Exchange Rate
						(KRW in millions, USD in thousands)
	Citibank		2013		2018		KRW 54,570		USD 50,000		2.90%		3M Libor + 1.01%		1,091.40
	Standard Chartered		2013		2018		KRW 54,570		USD 50,000		2.90%		3M Libor + 1.01%		1,091.40
	Credit Suisse		2013		2018		KRW 111,410		USD 100,000		3.22%		3M Libor + 1.50%		1,114.10
	HSBC		2014		2020		KRW 99,901		AUD 100,000		3.52%		5.75%		999.01
	HSBC		2014		2020		KRW 100,482		AUD 100,000		3.48%		5.75%		1,004.82
	Standard Chartered		2013		2020		USD 117,250		AUD 125,000		3M Libor +1.25%		5.75%		0.94
	Standard Chartered		2014		2020		KRW 126,032		USD 117,250		3.55%		3M Libor +1.25%		1,074.90
	UBS AG		2006		2016		KRW 98,100		USD 100,000		5.48%		5.50%		981.00
	Credit Suisse		2006		2016		KRW 98,100		USD 100,000		5.48%		5.50%		981.00
	JP Morgan		2014		2019		KRW 107,190		USD 100,000		3.25% +3%	*n/N	2.75%		1,071.90
	Morgan Stanley		2014		2019		KRW 107,190		USD 100,000		3.25% +3%	*n/N	2.75%		1,071.90
	Deutsche Bank		2014		2019		KRW 107,190		USD 100,000		3.25% +3%	*n/N	2.75%		1,071.90
	Barclays Bank PLC		2006		2016		KRW 71,888		USD 75,000		4.81%		5.50%		958.50
	Deutsche Bank AG		2006		2016		KRW 71,888		USD 75,000		4.81%		5.50%		958.50
	Barclays Bank PLC		2012		2017		KRW 142,500		USD 125,000		3.83%		3.13%		1,140.00
	Morgan Stanley		2012		2017		KRW 142,500		USD 125,000		3.83%		3.13%		1,140.00
	Credit Agricole		2012		2017		KRW 142,500		USD 125,000		3.83%		3.13%		1,140.00
	JP Morgan		2012		2017		KRW 142,500		USD 125,000		3.83%		3.13%		1,140.00
	Credit Agricole		2013		2019		KRW 118,343		CHF 100,000		3.47%		1.63%		1,183.43
	Barclays Bank PLC		2013		2019		KRW 59,172		CHF 50,000		3.47%		1.63%		1,183.43
	Nomura		2013		2019		KRW 59,172		CHF 50,000		3.47%		1.63%		1,183.43
	Barclays Bank PLC		2013		2018		KRW 107,360		USD 100,000		3.34%		2.88%		1,073.60
	Credit Agricole		2013		2018		KRW 107,360		USD 100,000		3.34%		2.88%		1,073.60
	JP Morgan		2013		2018		KRW 161,040		USD 150,000		3.34%		2.88%		1,073.60
	Standard Chartered		2013		2018		KRW 161,040		USD 150,000		3.34%		2.88%		1,073.60
	Standard Chartered		2014		2019		KRW 104,490		USD 100,000		2.77%		2.63%		1,044.90
	Credit Agricole		2014		2019		KRW 104,490		USD 100,000		2.77%		2.63%		1,044.90
	Barclays Bank PLC		2014		2019		KRW 104,490		USD 100,000		2.77%		2.63%		1,044.90
	Barclays Bank PLC		2013		2018		KRW 81,188		USD 75,000		2.65%		1.88%		1,082.50
	Credit Agricole		2013		2018		KRW 81,188		USD 75,000		2.65%		1.88%		1,082.50
	Deutsche Bank		2013		2018		KRW 81,188		USD 75,000		2.65%		1.88%		1,082.50
	Citibank		2013		2018		KRW 81,188		USD 75,000		2.65%		1.88%		1,082.50
	Standard Chartered		2014		2017		KRW 54,205		USD 50,000		2.93%		3M Libor +1.05%		1,084.10
	Credit Agricole		2014		2017		KRW 54,205		USD 50,000		2.93%		3M Libor +1.05%		1,084.10
	HSBC		2012		2017		KRW 115,140		USD 100,000		3.38%		2.50%		1,151.40
	BNP Paribas		2012		2017		KRW 115,140		USD 100,000		3.38%		2.50%		1,151.40
	KEB Hana Bank		2012		2017		KRW 115,140		USD 100,000		3.38%		2.50%		1,151.40
	Barclays Bank PLC		2012		2017		KRW 57,570		USD 50,000		3.38%		2.50%		1,151.40
	Standard Chartered		2012		2017		KRW 57,570		USD 50,000		3.38%		2.50%		1,151.40
	Nomura		2012		2017		KRW 57,570		USD 50,000		3.38%		2.50%		1,151.40
	Credit Agricole		2012		2017		KRW 57,570		USD 50,000		3.38%		2.50%		1,151.40
	Societe Generale		2013		2018		KRW 106,190		USD 100,000		3.48%		2.63%		1,061.90
	BNP Paribas		2013		2018		KRW 53,095		USD 50,000		3.48%		2.63%		1,061.90
	KEB Hana Bank		2013		2018		KRW 53,095		USD 50,000		3.48%		2.63%		1,061.90
	Standard Chartered		2013		2018		KRW 106,030		USD 100,000		3.48%		2.63%		1,060.30
	Barclays Bank PLC		2013		2018		KRW 53,015		USD 50,000		3.48%		2.63%		1,060.30
	KEB Hana Bank		2013		2018		KRW 31,809		USD 30,000		3.48%		2.63%		1,060.30

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	Counterparty	Contract Year		Settlement Year		Contract amounts				Contract interest rate			Contract Exchange Rate
Type	Counterparty	Contract Year		Settlement Year		Pay		Receive		Pay		Receive	Contract Exchange Rate
						(KRW in millions, USD in thousands)
	Societe Generale		2013		2018		KRW 21,206		USD 20,000		3.48%	2.63%		1,060.30
	HSBC		2013		2018		KRW 53,015		USD 50,000		3.47%	2.63%		1,060.30
	Nomura		2013		2018		KRW 53,015		USD 50,000		3.47%	2.63%		1,060.30
	Credit Agricole		2014		2020		KRW 110,680		USD 100,000		2.29%	2.50%		1,106.80
	Societe Generale		2014		2020		KRW 55,340		USD 50,000		2.16%	2.50%		1,106.80
	KEB Hana Bank		2014		2020		KRW 55,340		USD 50,000		2.16%	2.50%		1,106.80
	KEB Hana Bank		2014		2020		KRW 55,340		USD 50,000		2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80
	Standard Chartered		2014		2020		KRW 55,340		USD 50,000		2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80
	HSBC		2014		2020		KRW 55,340		USD 50,000		2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80
	Nomura		2014		2020		KRW 55,340		USD 50,000		2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80
	Barclays Bank PLC		2014		2020		KRW 55,340		USD 50,000		2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80
	HSBC		2014		2020		KRW 55,340		USD 50,000		2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80

Under these currency swap contracts, we recognized net valuation gain of Won 431,565 million in 2015.

Details of interest rate contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


	Counterparty	Contract Year		Settlement Year		Notional Amount		Contract Interest Rate Per Annum
Type	Counterparty	Contract Year		Settlement Year		Notional Amount		Pay		Receive
						(KRW in millions, USD in thousands)
Trading	Korea Development Bank		2012		2016		KRW 200,000		3.57%		3M CD + 0.26%
	Nonghyup Bank		2012		2016		KRW 100,000		3.49%		3M CD + 0.25%
	Korea Development Bank		2012		2016		KRW 50,000		3.49%		3M CD + 0.25%
	HSBC		2012		2016		KRW 50,000		3.49%		3M CD + 0.25%
	Standard Chartered		2012		2016		KRW 200,000		3.55%		3M CD + 0.26%
	Standard Chartered		2012		2017		KRW 160,000		3.57%		3M CD + 0.32%
	JP Morgan		2013		2018		KRW 150,000		3.58%		3M CD + 0.31%
	KEB Hana Bank		2013		2016		KRW 100,000		2.82%		3M CD + 0.04%
	KEB Hana Bank		2013		2016		KRW 200,000		2.57%		3M CD + 0.04%
	KEB Hana Bank		2013		2016		KRW 100,000		2.75%		3M CD + 0.03%
	Credit Suisse		2014		2018		KRW 200,000		2.98%		1Y CMT + 0.31%
	Korea Development Bank⁽¹⁾		2014		2029		KRW 40,000		3M CD –0.03%		4.65%
Cash flow hedge	BNP Paribas		2009		2027		USD 99,920		4.16%		6M USD Libor
	KFW		2009		2027		USD 99,920		4.16%		6M USD Libor
	CA-CIB (Credit Agricole)		2015		2033		USD 103,012		3.98% ~ 4.10%		6M USD Libor
	SMBC		2015		2033		USD 134,708		4.05% ~ 4.18%		6M USD Libor

Note:

(1)	This contract is an interest rate swap hedging on Electricity Bonds 885, and the bank would notify us of the early termination every year on the early termination nonfiction date (every year on April 28 from 2017 until 2028). The contract will be terminated if the early termination is notified.

Under these interest rate swap contracts, we recognized net valuation gain of Won 161,609 million in 2015.

141

We engage in transactions denominated in foreign currencies and consequently become exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates. The carrying amounts of our foreign currency-denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 were as follows:


	Assets				Liabilities
Type	2014		2015		2014		2015
	(In thousands of USD, EUR, GBP and other foreign currencies)
AUD		196		158		542,292		595,284
CAD		1		—		244		858
CNY		—		—		—		26,140
EUR		2,097		6,141		4,087		33,552
IDR		273,738		—		17,288		—
MXN		7,637		7,704		122		—
PHP		196,696		489,309		17,962		77,337
SAR		1,044		1,083		—		—
USD		1,211,513		1,260,094		7,415,050		9,331,854
INR		683,074		972,175		173,753		206,159
PKR		167,747		211,212		2,037		12,928
MGA		2,183,910		2,768,360		69,199		151,729
JPY		1,048,413		1,425,163		20,023,572		20,325,211
KZT		551,684		47,177		—		—
GBP		—		—		90		99
CHF		—		—		399,634		400,029
AED		3,965		1,481		1,136		1,705
SEK		—		—		196		—
JOD		1,080		2,972		1		—
BDT		47,167		43,332		314		889
CLP		—		—		—		—
ZAR		146		238		—		—
BWP		—		301		—		—
TWD		—		—		—		30

The following analysis sets forth the sensitivity of our consolidated net income before income taxes (our “pre-tax income”) to changes in exchange rates, interest rates, electricity rates and fuel costs. For purposes of this section, we and our related parties are deemed one entity. The range of changes in such risk categories represents our view of the changes that are reasonably possible over a one-year period, although it is difficult to predict such changes as a result of adverse economic developments in Korea. See Item 3.D. “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Korea and the Global Economy—Unfavorable financial and economic conditions in Korea and globally may have a material adverse impact on us.” The following discussion only addresses material market risks faced by us and does not discuss other risks which we face in the normal course of business, including country risk, credit risk and legal risk. Unless otherwise specified, all calculations are made under IFRS.

If Won depreciates against U.S. dollar and all other foreign currencies held by us by 10% and all other variables are held constant from their levels as of December 31, 2015, we estimate that our unrealized foreign exchange translation losses will increase by Won 1,063 billion in 2016. Such sensitivity analysis is conducted for monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies other than functional currency as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, before accounting for swap transactions. To manage our foreign currency risk related to foreign currency-denominated receivables and payables, we have a policy of entering into currency forward agreements. In addition, to manage our foreign currency risk related to foreign currency-denominated expected sales transactions and purchase transactions, we enter into cross-currency swap agreements.

142

We are exposed to interest rate risk due to our borrowings with floating interest rates. If interest rates increase by 1% on all of our borrowings and debentures bearing variable interest and all other variables are held constant as of December 31, 2015, we estimate that our income before income taxes will decrease by Won 41 billion (not reflecting the fact that a portion of such interest may be capitalized under IFRS) in 2016. Such sensitivity analysis does not take into consideration interest rate swap transactions. To manage our interest rate risks, we, in addition to maintaining an appropriate mix of fixed and floating rate loans, have entered into certain interest rate swap agreements.

We are exposed to electricity rates risk due to the rate regulation by the Government, which considers the effect of electricity rate changes on the national economy. If the electricity rate rises by 1% and all other variables are held constant as of December 31, 2015, we estimate that our income before income taxes will increase by Won 532.3 billion in 2016.

We are exposed to fuel price risks due to the heavy influence of fuel costs on our sales and cost of sales. If the fuel prices of anthracite and bituminous coal, oil, LNG and others used for generation by us and our generation subsidiaries rise by 1% and all other variables are held constant as of December 31, 2015, we estimate that our income before income taxes will decrease by Won 152 billion in 2016.

The above discussion and the estimated amounts generated from the sensitivity analyzes referred to above include “forward-looking statements,” which assume for analytical purposes that certain market conditions may occur. Accordingly, such forward-looking statements should not be considered projections by us of future events or losses.

See Note 45 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report for further related information.

ITEM 12.

DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES OTHER THAN EQUITY SECURITIES

Item 12.A. Debt Securities

Of the four debt securities issued by us that are registered under the Exchange Act as set forth in the cover page of this annual report, the One Hundred Year 7.95% Zero-to-Full Debentures due April 1, 2096, were guaranteed by Korea Development Bank. However, such guarantee expired on April 1, 2016 by reason of the expiration of a put option period applicable to such debentures in accordance with the terms of such debentures.

Korea Development Bank, a policy bank for the Korean government, is 100% beneficially owned by the Korean government. The voting rights in our equity interest held by Korea Development Bank are effectively exercised by the Korean government.

The guarantee by Korea Development Bank of our above-mentioned registered debt securities was itself a security registered under the Securities Act. Korea Development Bank is a Schedule B issuer and periodically files registration statements with the Commission. These registration statements typically include financial statements prepared in accordance with the applicable generally accepted accounting principles, currently the Korean International Financial Reporting Standards, and audited in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards in the Republic of Korea.

Item 12.B. Warrants and Rights

Not applicable.

Item 12.C. Other Securities

Not applicable.

143

Item 12.D. American Depositary Shares

Under the terms of the Deposit Agreement in respect of our ADSs, the holder and beneficiary owners of ADSs, any party depositing or withdrawing or surrendering ADSs or ADRs, whichever applicable, may be required to pay the following fees and charges to Citibank, N.A. acting as depositary for our ADSs:


Item	Services	Fees

1	Taxes and other governmental charges	As applicable

2	Registration of transfer of common shares generally on our shareholders’ register, any institution authorized under the applicable law to effect book-entry transfers of securities (including Korea Securities Depositary), or any entity that presently carries out the duties of registrar for the common shares, and applicable to transfers of common shares to the name of the Depositary or its nominee on the making of deposits or withdrawals	A fee of $1.50 or less per ADS

3	Cable, telex and facsimile transmission expenses	As applicable

4	Expenses incurred by the Depositary in the conversion of foreign currency	As applicable

5	Execution and delivery of ADRs and the surrender of ADRs	Fee of $0.05 or less per ADS

6	Cash distribution made by the Depositary or its agent	Fee of $0.02 or less per ADS

7	Fee for the distribution of proceeds of sales of securities or rights for distribution other than cash, common shares or rights to subscribe for shares, distribution in shares or distribution in rights to subscribe for shares	Lesser of (i) the fee for the execution and delivery of ADRs referred to above which would have been charged as a result of the deposit by the holders of securities or common shares received in exercise of rights distributed to them, but which securities or rights are instead sold by the Depositary and the net proceeds distributed and (ii) the amount of such proceeds

8	Depositary services performed in administering the ADRs (which fee shall be assessed against holders of ADSs as of the record date or dates and shall be payable at the sole discretion of the Depositary by billing such holders or by deducting such charge from one or more cash dividends or other cash distributions)	Fee of US$0.02 or less per ADS per calendar year

Depositary fees payable upon the issuance and cancellation of ADSs are typically paid to the depositary by the brokers (on behalf of their clients) receiving the newly-issued ADSs from the depositary and by the brokers (on behalf of their clients) delivering the ADSs to the depositary for cancellation. The brokers in turn charge these transaction fees to their clients.

Depositary fees payable in connection with distributions of cash or securities to ADS holders and the depositary services fee are charged by the depositary to the holders of record of ADSs as of the applicable ADS record date. The depositary fees payable for cash distributions are generally deducted from the cash being distributed. In the case of distributions other than cash (i.e., stock dividends, rights offerings), the depositary

144

charges the applicable fee to the ADS record date holders concurrent with the distribution. In the case of ADSs registered in the name of the investor (whether certificated or un-certificated in direct registration), the depositary sends invoices to the applicable record date ADS holders. In the case of ADSs held in brokerage and custodian accounts via the central clearing and settlement system, the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), the depositary generally collects its fees through the systems provided by DTC (whose nominee is the registered holder of the ADSs held in DTC) from the brokers and custodians holding ADSs in their DTC accounts. The brokers and custodians who hold their clients’ ADSs in DTC accounts in turn charge their clients’ accounts the amount of the fees paid to the depositary.

In the event of refusal to pay the depositary fees, the depositary may, under the terms of the Deposit Agreement, refuse the requested service until payment is received or may set-off the amount of the depositary fees from any distribution to be made to the ADS holder.

The fees and charges the ADS holders may be required to pay may vary over time and may be changed by us and by the depositary. The ADS holders will receive prior notice of such changes.

Depositary Payments for the Fiscal Year 2015

The following table sets forth our expenses incurred in 2015, which were reimbursed by Citibank, N.A. in the aggregate:


	(In thousands of U.S. dollars)
Reimbursement of legal fees		435
Reimbursement of accounting fees		265
Contributions towards our investor relations and other financing efforts (including investor conferences, non-deal roadshows and market information services)		1,025
Other		48

Total	US$	1,773

145

PART II

ITEM 13. DEFAULTS, DIVIDEND ARREARAGES AND DELINQUENCIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 14. MATERIAL MODIFICATIONS TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITY HOLDERS AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Not applicable.

ITEM 15. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Control

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2015. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Based upon our evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2015 were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decision regarding required disclosure.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, for our company. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 based on the framework established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of a company’s assets, (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that a company’s receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of a company’s management and directors, and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of a company’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to consolidated financial statement preparation and presentation and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

146

Following the overhaul in May 2013 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway (“COSO”) of the COSO Framework relating to internal controls and adoption of the 2013 Integrated Framework of the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO Framework (2013)”), we have, effective January 1, 2014, adopted the COSO Framework (2013) and incorporated it into our internal control system for us and our subsidiaries in order to comply with the Sarbanes Oxley Act and to standardize our internal control system. As required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and related rules as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission, management assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015 using criteria established by the COSO Framework (2013). Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2015 based on the criteria established by the COSO Framework (2013).

Audit Report of the Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp. has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, which is included elsewhere in this annual report.

Changes in Internal Controls

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2015 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Our adoption of the COSO Framework (2013) did not have, and is not reasonably likely to have, any material effect on our internal control over financial reporting.

We operate an integrated ERP system for a transparent and efficient management of the core ERP components, including personnel, accounting, procurement, construction and facilities maintenance. In addition, we also operate a strategic enterprise management system that includes business warehouse, management information and business planning and simulation systems. We continue to upgrade and improve the ERP system, which is being used as our core information infrastructure.

ITEM 16.

[RESERVED]

ITEM 16A.

AUDIT COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

Our board of directors has determined that we have at least one “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined by the regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission issued pursuant to Section 407 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Our audit committee financial expert is Cho, Jeon-Hyeok. Such member currently remains a member of the audit committee and is independent within the meaning of the Korea Stock Exchange listing standards, the regulations promulgated under the Enforcement Decree of the Korean Commercial Code and the New York Stock Exchange listing standards. For biographic information of our audit committee financial expert, Cho, Jeon-Hyeok, see Item 6.A. “Directors and Senior Management.”

ITEM 16B.

CODE OF ETHICS

We have adopted a code of ethics for our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions as required under Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, together with an insider reporting system in compliance with Section 301 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The code of ethics is available on our website www.kepco.co.kr. We have not granted any waiver, including an implicit waiver, from a provision of the code of ethics to any of the above-mentioned officers during our most recently completed fiscal year.

ITEM 16C.

PRINCIPAL AUDITOR FEES AND SERVICES

The following table sets forth the aggregate fees billed for each of the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 for professional services rendered by our principal auditors for such year, for various types of services and

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a brief description of the nature of such services. KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp., a Korean independent registered public accounting firm, was our principal auditors for the year ended December 31, 2015 and we currently expect KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp. to serve as our principal auditors for the year ended December 31, 2016.


	Aggregate Fees Billed During
Type of Services	2014		2015		Nature of Services
	(In millions of Won)
Audit Fees		￦3,044		￦3,004	Audit service for KEPCO and its subsidiaries.
Audit-Related Fees		155		98	Accounting advisory service.
Tax Fees		12		12	Tax return and consulting advisory service.
All Other Fees		—		—	All other services which do not meet the three categories above.

Total		￦3,211		￦3,114

United States law and regulations in effect since May 6, 2003 generally require all service of the principal auditors to be pre-approved by an independent audit committee or, if no such committee exists with respect to an issuer, by the entire board of directors. We have adopted the following policies and procedures for consideration and approval of requests to engage our principal auditors to perform audit and non-audit services. If the request relates to services that would impair the independence of our principal auditors, the request must be rejected. If the service request relates to audit and permitted non-audit services for us and our subsidiaries, it must be forwarded to our audit committee and receive pre-approval.

In addition, United States law and regulations permit the pre-approval requirement to be waived with respect to engagements for non-audit services aggregating no more than five percent of the total amount of revenues we paid to our principal auditors, if such engagements were not recognized by us at the time of engagement and were promptly brought to the attention of our audit committee or a designated member thereof and approved prior to the completion of the audit.

ITEM 16D. EXEMPTIONS FROM THE LISTING STANDARDS FOR AUDIT COMMITTEE

Not applicable.

ITEM 16E. PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES BY THE ISSUER AND AFFILIATED PURCHASERS

Neither we nor any “affiliated purchaser,” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) of the Exchange Act, purchased any of our equity securities during the period covered by this annual report.

ITEM 16F. CHANGE IN REGISTRANT’S CERTIFYING ACCOUNTANT

Not applicable.

ITEM 16G. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

We are committed to high standards of corporate governance. We are in compliance with the corporate governance provisions of the KEPCO Act, the Public Agencies Management Act, the Korean Commercial Code, the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act of Korea and the Listing Rules of the Korea Exchange. We, like all other companies in Korea, must comply with the corporate governance provisions under

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the Korean Commercial Code, except to the extent the KEPCO Act and the Public Agencies Management Act otherwise require. In addition, as a listed company, we are subject to the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act of Korea, unless the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act of Korea otherwise provides.

The Public Agencies Management Act

On April 1, 2007, the Government-invested Enterprise Management Basic Act, which was enacted in 1984, was abolished and the Public Agencies Management Act took effect. Unless stated otherwise, the Public Agencies Management Act takes precedence over any other laws and regulations in the event of inconsistency. Under this Act, the minister of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance designated us as a “market-oriented public enterprise,” as defined under this Act, on April 2, 2007, and we became subject to this Act accordingly.

The Public Agencies Management Act requires a number of changes in the appointment process for our executive officers, which we have incorporated in our amendment to our Articles of Incorporation in September 2007. A senior non-standing director appointed by the minister of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance becomes our chairman of the board following the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee. Our president is appointed by the President of the Republic upon the motion of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy following the nomination by our director nomination committee, the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee pursuant to the Public Agencies Management Act and an approval at the general meeting of our shareholders. Standing directors other than our president must be appointed by our president with the approval at the general meeting of our shareholders from a pool of candidates recommended by our director nomination committee. Prior to the enactment of the Act, standing directors were appointed directly by the minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. The non-standing directors must be appointed by the minister of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance following the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee from a pool of candidates recommended by the director nomination committee and must have ample knowledge and experience in business management. Government officials that are not part of the teaching staff in national and public schools are ineligible to become our non-standing directors.

Under the Public Agencies Management Act and our Articles of Incorporation, the term of office for directors is three years for the president and two years for other directors. The directors may be reappointed for an additional term of one year. In order to be reappointed, the president must be evaluated on the basis of his management performance; a standing director, on the basis of the performance of the duties for which he was elected to perform, or if the standing director has executed an incentive bonus contract, on the basis of his performance under the contract; and a non-standing director, on the basis of his performance of the duties for which he was elected to perform.

Under the Public Agencies Management Act and our Articles of Incorporation, a recommendation from the director nomination committee is required for the appointment of our executive officers, except in the case of reappointments. The director nomination committee consists of five to fifteen members, including private-sector members appointed by the board of directors. Non-standing directors must comprise at least a majority of the director nomination committee. One of the private-sector members must be able to represent our opinion and must not be currently employed by us. As required under the Public Agencies Management Act, we established an audit committee. At least two-thirds of the audit committee members must be non-standing directors, and at least one committee member must be an expert in finance or accounting. According to the Public Agencies Management Act, our president’s term cannot be terminated unless done so by the President of the Republic pursuant to the Public Agencies Management Act or upon an event as specified in our Articles of Incorporation.

As required under Public Agencies Management Act, we submit to the Government by October 31 every year a report on our medium- to long-term management goals. Under the Public Agencies Management Act, we are also required to give separate public notice of important management matters, such as our budget and financial statements, status of directors and annual reports. In addition, for purposes of providing a comparison of

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the management performances of government agencies, we are required to post on a designated website a notice on a standard form detailing our management performance. Following consultation with the minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and the review and resolution of the operating committee, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance must examine the adequacy and competency of government agencies and establish plans on merger, abolishment, restructuring and privatization of public agencies. In such case, the minister of the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy must execute these plans and submit a performance report to the Ministry of Strategy and Finance.

On January 24, 2011, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance changed the designation of our generation subsidiaries from “other public institutions” to “market-oriented public enterprises.” As “other public institutions” under the provisions of the Public Agencies Management Act, our generation subsidiaries were not subject to the same regulations applicable to us with regards to corporate governance matters such as the appointment and dismissal of directors and the composition of the boards of directors. However, as market-oriented public enterprises, our generation subsidiaries are currently subject to the same corporate governance rules applicable to us. All of our generation subsidiaries accordingly amended their respective articles of incorporation in 2011 and are subject to the same system of regulations applicable to us.

Differences in Korean/New York Stock Exchange Corporate Governance Practices

We are a “foreign private issuer” (as such term is defined in Rule 3b-4 under the Exchange Act), and our ADSs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE. Under Section 303A of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, NYSE-listed companies that are foreign private issuers are permitted to follow home country practice in lieu of the corporate governance provisions specified by the NYSE with limited exceptions. Under the NYSE Listed Company Manual, we as a foreign private issuer are required to disclose significant differences between NYSE’s corporate governance standards and those we follow under Korean law. The following summarizes some significant ways in which our corporate governance practices differ from those followed by U.S. companies listed on the NYSE under the listing rules of the NYSE.

Majority of Independent Directors on the Board

Under the NYSE listing rules, U.S. companies listed on the NYSE must have a board, the majority of which is comprised of independent directors satisfying the requirements of “independence” as set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. No director qualifies as “independent” unless the board of directors affirmatively determines that the director has no material relationship with the listed company (either directly or as a partner, shareholder or officer of an organization that has a relationship with us). The NYSE rules include detailed tests for determining director independence. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from this requirement. Under the Public Agencies Management Act, more than one-half of our directors must be non-standing directors. For a discussion on qualifications of non-standing directors, see Item 6.A. “Directors and Senior Management—Board of Directors.” The Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act of Korea deems a non-standing director nominated pursuant to other applicable laws (such as the Public Agencies Management Act) as an “outside” or “non-executive” director. Under the Public Agencies Management Act, a non-standing director is appointed by the Ministry of Strategy and Finance following the review and resolution of the Public Agencies Operating Committee from a pool of candidates recommended by the director nomination committee and must have ample knowledge and experience in business management. Government officials that are not part of the teaching staff in national and public schools are ineligible to become our non-standing directors.

Executive Session

Under the NYSE listing rules, non-management directors of U.S. companies listed on the NYSE are required to meet on a regular basis without management present and independent directors must meet separately

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at least once per year. While no such requirement currently exists under applicable Korean law, listing standards or our Articles of Incorporation, executive sessions were held quarterly in 2015 in order to promote the exchange of diverse opinions by non-standing directors.

Audit Committee

Under the NYSE listing rules, listed companies must have an audit committee that has a minimum of three members, and all audit committee members must satisfy the requirements of independence set forth in Section 303A.02 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. Our audit committee members meet the requirements of independence set forth in Section 303A.02 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual and Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act. The audit committee must be directly responsible for the appointment, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the independent registered public accountants. Our audit committee performs the roles and responsibilities required of an audit committee under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the supervision of the audit by the independent registered public accountants. Under the Korea Exchange listing rules and the Korean Commercial Code, a large listed company must also establish an audit committee of which at least two-thirds of its members must be non-standing directors and whose chairman must be a non-standing director. Under the Public Agencies Management Act, the Korean Commercial Code, the amended Articles of Incorporation and the Korea Exchange listing rules, we are required to maintain an audit committee consisting of three members, of which not less than two members are required to be non-standing directors. Our audit committee is in compliance with the foregoing requirements under the Public Agencies Management Act, the Korean Commercial Code, the amended Articles of Incorporation and the Korea Exchange listing rules.

Nomination/Corporate Governance Committee

Under the NYSE listing rules, U.S. companies listed on the NYSE must have a nomination/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors. In addition to identifying individuals qualified to become board members, this committee must develop and recommend to the board a set of corporate governance principles. Under the Public Agencies Management Act, we are required to have a director nomination committee which consists of non-standing directors and ad hoc members appointed by our Board of Directors. Our standing directors and executives as well as governmental officials that are not part of the teaching staff in national and public schools are ineligible to become a member of our director nomination committee. There is no requirement to establish a corporate governance committee under applicable Korean law.

Pursuant to the NYSE listing standards, non-management directors must meet on a regular basis without management present and independent directors must meet separately at least once per year. No such requirement currently exists under applicable Korean law.

Compensation Committee

Under the NYSE listing rules, U.S. companies listed on the NYSE are required to have a compensation committee which is composed entirely of independent directors. In January 2013, the SEC approved amendments to the listing rules of NYSE and NASDAQ regarding the independence of compensation committee members and the appointment, payment and oversight of compensation consultants. The listing rules were adopted as required by Section 952 of the Dodd-Frank Act and rule 10C-1 of the Exchange Act, which direct the national securities exchanges to prohibit the listing of any equity security of a company that is not in compliance with the rule’s compensation committee director and advisor independence requirements. Certain elements of the listing rules became effective on July 1, 2013 and companies listed on the NYSE must comply with such listing rules by the earlier of the company’s first annual meeting after January 15 or October 31, 2014.

No such requirement currently exists under applicable Korean law or listing standards, and we currently do not have a compensation committee.

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Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Under the NYSE listing rules, U.S. companies listed on the NYSE are required to establish corporate governance guidelines and to adopt a code of business conduct and ethics for directors, officers and employees, and promptly disclose any waivers of the code for directors or executive officers. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from this requirement. Pursuant to the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we have adopted a code of ethics applicable to our President & Chief Executive Officer and all other directors and executive officers including the Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Accounting Officer, as well as all financial, accounting and other officers that are involved in the preparation and disclosure of our consolidated financial statements and internal control of financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We have also adopted an insider reporting system in compliance with Section 301 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The code of ethics applicable to our executive officers and financial officers are available on www.kepco.co.kr.

Shareholder Approval of Equity Compensation Plans

Under the NYSE listing rules, shareholders of U.S. companies listed on the NYSE are required to approve all equity compensation plans. Under Korean law and regulations, stock options can be granted to employees to the extent expressly permitted by the articles of incorporation. We currently do not have any equity compensation plans.

Annual Certification of Compliance

Under the NYSE listing rules, a chief executive officer of a U.S. company listed on the NYSE must annually certify that he or she is not aware of any violation by the company of NYSE corporate governance standards. As a foreign private issuer, we are not subject to this requirement. However, in accordance with rules applicable to both U.S. companies and foreign private issuers, we are required to promptly notify the NYSE in writing if any executive officer becomes aware of any material noncompliance with the NYSE corporate governance standards applicable to us. In addition, foreign private issuers, including us, are required to submit to the NYSE an annual written affirmation relating to compliance with Sections 303A.06 and 303A.11 of the NYSE listed company manual, which are the NYSE corporate governance standards applicable to foreign private issuers. All written affirmations must be executed in the form provided by the NYSE, without modification. An annual written affirmation is required to be submitted to the NYSE within 30 days of filing with the SEC our annual report on Form 20-F. We have been in compliance with this requirement in all material respects and plan to submit such affirmation within the prescribed time line.

Whistle Blower Protection

On May 25, 2011, the SEC adopted final rules to implement whistleblower provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act, which are applicable to foreign private issuers with securities registered under the U.S. securities laws. The final rules provide that any eligible whistleblower who voluntarily provides the SEC with original information that leads to the successful enforcement of an action brought by the SEC under U.S. securities laws must receive an award of between 10 and 30 percent of the total monetary sanctions collected if the sanctions exceed $1,000,000. An eligible whistleblower is defined as someone who provides information about a possible violation of the securities laws that he or she reasonably believes has occurred, is ongoing, or is about to occur. The possible violation does not need to be material, probably or even likely, but the information must have a “facially plausible relationship to some securities law violation”; frivolous submissions would not qualify. The final rules also prohibit retaliation against the whistleblower. While the final rules do not require employees to first report allegations of wrongdoing through a company’s corporate compliance system, they do seek to incentivize whistleblowers to utilize internal corporate compliance first by, among other things, (i) giving employees who first report information internally the benefit of the internal reporting date for purposes of the SEC program so long as the whistleblower submits the same information to the SEC within 120 days of the initial disclosure; (ii) clarifying that the SEC will consider, as part of the criteria for determining the amount of a

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whistleblower’s award, whether the whistleblower effectively utilized the company’s corporate compliance program or hindered the function of the program; and (iii) crediting a whistleblower who reports internally first and whose company passes the information along to the SEC, which would mean the whistleblower could receive a potentially higher award for information gathered in an internal investigation initiated as a result of the whistleblower’s internal report.

In addition, the final rules address concerns that the whistleblower rules incentivize officers, directors and those with legal, audit, compliance or similar responsibilities to abuse these positions by making whistleblower complaints to the SEC with respect to information they obtained in these roles by generally providing that information obtained through a communication subject to attorney-client privilege or as a result of legal representation would not be eligible for a whistleblower award unless disclosure would be permitted by attorney conduct rules. Accordingly, officers and directors, auditors and compliance personnel and other persons in similar roles would not be eligible to receive awards for information received in these positions unless (x) they have a reasonable basis to believe that (1) disclosure of the information is necessary to prevent the entity from engaging in conduct that is likely to cause substantial injury to the financial interests of the entity or investors; or (2) the entity is engaging in conduct that will impede an investigation of the misconduct, for example, destroying documents or improperly influencing witnesses; or (y) 120 days have passed since the whistleblower provided the information to senior responsible persons at the entity or 120 days have passed since the whistleblower received the information at a time when these people were already aware of the information.

In Korea, under the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act, anyone may provide or furnish the Financial Services Commission or the Securities and Futures Commission with information on unfair trading or any other violation of the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act. The Financial Services Commission shall keep the identity of the whistleblower confidential, and any institution, organization or company to which the whistleblower belongs may not treat the whistleblower unfavorably, directly or indirectly. In addition, the Financial Services Commission may also reward the whistleblower within the limit of the budget of the Financial Services Commission.

ITEM 16H. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

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PART III

ITEM 17. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 18. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Reference is made to Item 19. “Exhibits” for a list of all financial statements filed as part of this annual report.

ITEM 19. EXHIBITS

(a) Financial Statements filed as part of this Annual Report

See Index to Financial Statements on page F-1 of this annual report.

(b) Exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report

See Index of Exhibits beginning on page E-1 of this annual report.

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SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this Annual Report on its behalf.


KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION
By:		/s/ Cho, Hwan-Eik
Name:		Cho, Hwan-Eik
Title:		President and Chief Executive Officer
Date:		April 29, 2016

155

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp. on Consolidated Financial Statements (Korea Electric Power Corporation)		F-2

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp. on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (Korea Electric Power Corporation)		F-3

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm Ernst & Young Han Young (Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.)		F-4

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position as of December 31, 2014 and 2015		F-5

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015		F-7

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015		F-9

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015		F-12

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements		F-14

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC

ACCOUNTING FIRM ON CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

Korea Electric Power Corporation:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Korea Electric Power Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows, for the years then ended. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We did not audit the financial statements of Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd., a consolidated subsidiary, whose financial statements comprise 5.90 percent of consolidated revenue (prior to inter-company eliminations) for the year ended December 31, 2013. Those financial statements were audited by other auditors whose report has been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd., is based solely on the report of the other auditors.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits and the report of the other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Korea Electric Power Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 and of their consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated April 27, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp.

KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp.

Seoul, Korea

April 27, 2016

F-2

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON

INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of

Korea Electric Power Corporation:

We have audited Korea Electric Power Corporation and subsidiaries’ (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the group’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of the inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated statements of financial position of Korea Electric Power Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2015, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows, for the years then ended and our report dated April 27, 2016 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

/s/ KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp.

KPMG Samjong Accounting Corp.

Seoul, Korea

April 27, 2016

F-3

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

The Board of Directors and Stockholder of

Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.

We have audited the consolidated statement of financial position of Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries (the “Company”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Korea Electric Power Corporation, as of December 31, 2013, and the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2013. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and their consolidated results of operations, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

/s/ Ernst & Young Han Young

April 30, 2014

Seoul, Republic of Korea

F-4

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015


	Note			2014		2015
				In millions of won
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents		5,6,7,45	￦		1,796,300		3,783,065
Current financial assets, net		5,10,11,12,45			176,428		5,335,621
Trade and other receivables, net		5,8,14,20,45,46,47			7,697,862		7,473,548
Inventories, net		13			4,537,469		4,946,413
Income tax refund receivables					18,475		9,081
Current non-financial assets		15			502,511		397,950
Assets held-for-sale		42			2,090,810		79,647

Total current assets					16,819,855		22,025,325

Non-current assets
Non-current financial assets, net		5,6,9,10,11,12,45			2,040,921		2,495,554
Non-current trade and other receivables, net		5,8,14,45,46,47			1,724,357		1,798,419
Property, plant and equipment, net		18,27,49			135,812,499		141,361,351
Investment properties, net		19,27			317,264		269,910
Goodwill		16			2,582		2,582
Intangible assets other than goodwill, net		21,27,46			821,060		855,832
Investments in associates		4,17			4,341,830		4,405,668
Investments in joint ventures		4,17			1,166,894		1,287,862
Deferred tax assets		41			526,934		623,623
Non-current non-financial assets		15			134,093		131,233

Total non-current assets					146,888,434		153,232,034

Total Assets		4	￦		163,708,289		175,257,359

Liabilities
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables, net		5,22,24,45,47	￦		6,128,604		4,735,697
Current financial liabilities, net		5,11,23,45,47			7,162,372		7,857,198
Income tax payables		41			570,550		2,218,060
Current non-financial liabilities		20,28,29			6,464,356		6,320,711
Current provisions		26,45			1,274,186		1,579,176

Total current liabilities					21,600,068		22,710,842

Non-current liabilities
Non-current trade and other payables, net		5,22,24,45,47			3,806,735		3,718,435
Non-current financial liabilities, net		5,11,23,45,47			55,999,761		51,062,811
Non-current non-financial liabilities		28,29			6,946,410		7,092,252
Employee benefits liabilities, net		25,45			1,277,415		1,503,107
Deferred tax liabilities		41			5,723,880		8,362,683
Non-current provisions		26,45			13,529,010		12,864,754

Total non-current liabilities					87,283,211		84,604,042

Total Liabilities		4	￦		108,883,279		107,314,884

(Continued)

F-5

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position—(Continued)

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015


	Note			2014			2015
				In millions of won
Equity
Contributed capital		1,30,45
Share capital			￦		3,209,820			3,209,820
Share premium					843,758			843,758

					4,053,578			4,053,578
Retained earnings		31
Legal reserves					1,604,910			1,604,910
Voluntary reserves					22,999,359			23,720,167
Unappropriated retained earnings					10,699,378			22,862,164

					35,303,647			48,187,241

Other components of equity		34
Other capital surpluses					1,151,402			1,197,388
Accumulated other comprehensive loss					(202,269	)		(98,713	)
Other equity					13,294,973			13,294,973

					14,244,106			14,393,648

Equity attributable to owners of the Company					53,601,331			66,634,467

Non-controlling interests		16, 33			1,223,679			1,308,008

Total Equity			￦		54,825,010			67,942,475

Total Liabilities and Equity			￦		163,708,289			175,257,359

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-6

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015


	Note			2013			2014			2015
				In millions of won, except per share information
Sales		4,35,45,47
Sales of goods			￦		51,132,803			53,706,828			54,367,036
Sales of construction services		20			2,253,083			2,965,185			3,761,204
Sales of other services					326,619			451,013			453,487

					53,712,505			57,123,026			58,581,727

Cost of sales		13,25,43,47
Cost of sales of goods					(47,983,987	)		(46,509,555	)		(41,348,917	)
Cost of sales of construction services					(2,159,023	)		(2,752,610	)		(3,563,120	)
Cost of sales of other services					(452,628	)		(500,787	)		(545,692	)

					(50,595,638	)		(49,762,952	)		(45,457,729	)

Gross profit					3,116,867			7,360,074			13,123,998

Selling and administrative expenses		25,36,43,47			(1,923,192	)		(1,924,366	)		(2,153,261	)
Other income		37			725,457			754,186			808,214
Other expenses		37			(99,811	)		(88,220	)		(108,848	)
Other gains, net		38			128,514			107,396			8,610,773

Operating profit		4			1,947,835			6,209,070			20,280,876
Finance income		5,11,39			629,542			885,290			1,182,988
Finance expenses		5,11,40			(2,931,622	)		(3,140,038	)		(3,015,457	)
Equity method income (loss) of associates and joint ventures		4,17
Share in income of associates and joint ventures					170,399			319,506			280,794
Gain on disposal of investments in associates and joint ventures					266			47,072			4,731
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries					1,459			40,449			8,376
Share in loss of associates and joint ventures					(140,984	)		(78,493	)		(86,522	)
Loss on disposal of investments in associates and joint ventures					(45,178	)		(1,254	)		—
Impairment loss on investments in associates and joint ventures					(28,092	)		(52,279	)		—
Loss on disposal of subsidiaries					(113	)		(17	)		—

					(42,243	)		274,984			207,379

Profit (loss) before income tax					(396,488	)		4,229,306			18,655,786

Income tax (expense) benefit		41			570,794			(1,430,339	)		(5,239,413	)

Profit for the period			￦		174,306			2,798,967			13,416,373

(Continued)

F-7

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income—(Continued)

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015


	Note			2013			2014			2015
				In millions of won, except per share information
Other comprehensive income (loss)		5,11,25,31,34
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Remeasurements of defined benefit liability, net of tax		25,31	￦		132,457			(108,430	)		(87,861	)
Share in other comprehensive income (loss) of associates and joint ventures, net of tax		31			7,671			(1,899	)		(283	)
Items that are or may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Net change in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of tax		34			86,570			(97,251	)		9,648
Net change in the unrealized fair value of derivatives using cash flow hedge accounting, net of tax		5,11,34			29,332			(84,793	)		4,409
Foreign currency translation of foreign operations, net of tax		34			(108,625	)		(70,576	)		18,535
Share in other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures, net of tax		34			38,366			5,228			89,558

Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax					185,771			(357,721	)		34,006

Total comprehensive income for the period			￦		360,077			2,441,246			13,450,379

Profit or loss attributable to:
Owners of the Company		44	￦		60,011			2,686,873			13,289,127
Non-controlling interests					114,295			112,094			127,246

			￦		174,306			2,798,967			13,416,373

Total comprehensive income attributable to:
Owners of the Company			￦		245,384			2,335,827			13,308,132
Non-controlling interests					114,693			105,419			142,247

			￦		360,077			2,441,246			13,450,379

Earnings per share		44
Basic and diluted earnings per share			￦		96			4,290			20,701

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-8

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015


		Equity attributable to owners of the Company										Non- controlling Interests			Total equity
		Contributed capital		Retained earnings		Other components of equity			Subtotal			Non- controlling Interests			Total equity
		In millions of won
Balance at January 1, 2013	￦		4,053,578		32,564,283		13,270,906			49,888,767			1,175,435			51,064,202

Total comprehensive income for the period
Profit for the period			—		60,011		—			60,011			114,295			174,306
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Remeasurements of defined benefit liability, net of tax			—		134,121		—			134,121			(1,664	)		132,457
Share in other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures, net of tax			—		7,671		—			7,671			—			7,671
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Net changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of tax			—		—		86,543			86,543			27			86,570
Net change in the unrealized fair value of derivatives using cash flow hedge accounting, net of tax			—		—		18,907			18,907			10,425			29,332
Foreign currency translation of foreign operations, net of tax			—		—		(100,572	)		(100,572	)		(8,053	)		(108,625	)
Share in other comprehensive income (loss) of associates and joint ventures, net of tax			—		—		38,703			38,703			(337	)		38,366
Transactions with owners of the Company, recognized directly in equity
Dividends paid			—		—		—			—			(41,812	)		(41,812	)
Issuance of share capital by subsidiaries			—		—		(173	)		(173	)		31,229			31,056
Equity transaction in consolidated scope—other than issuance of share capital			—		—		135,914			135,914			43,128			179,042
Changes in consolidation scope			—		—		(10,224	)		(10,224	)		(115,991	)		(126,215	)
Dividends paid (hybrid securities)			—		—		—			—			(16,455	)		(16,455	)
Others			—		—		—			—			841			841

Balance at December 31, 2013	￦		4,053,578		32,766,086		13,440,004			50,259,668			1,191,068			51,450,736

(Continued)

F-9

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity—(Continued)

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015


		Equity attributable to owners of the Company											Non- controlling Interests			Total equity
		Contributed capital		Retained earnings			Other components of equity			Subtotal			Non- controlling Interests			Total equity
		In millions of won
Balance at January 1, 2014	￦		4,053,578		32,766,086			13,440,004			50,259,668			1,191,068			51,450,736

Total comprehensive income for the period
Profit for the period			—		2,686,873			—			2,686,873			112,094			2,798,967
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Remeasurements of defined benefit liability, net of tax			—		(91,340	)		—			(91,340	)		(17,090	)		(108,430	)
Share in other comprehensive loss of associates and joint ventures, net of tax			—		(1,899	)		—			(1,899	)		—			(1,899	)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Net changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of tax			—		—			(97,263	)		(97,263	)		12			(97,251	)
Net change in the unrealized fair value of derivatives using cash flow hedge accounting, net of tax			—		—			(80,218	)		(80,218	)		(4,575	)		(84,793	)
Foreign currency translation of foreign operations, net of tax			—		—			(84,962	)		(84,962	)		14,386			(70,576	)
Share in other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures, net of tax			—		—			4,636			4,636			592			5,228
Transactions with owners of the Company, recognized directly in equity
Dividends paid			—		(56,073	)		—			(56,073	)		(130,969	)		(187,042	)
Issuance of share capital by subsidiaries			—		—			(1,235	)		(1,235	)		7,453			6,218
Equity transaction in consolidated scope—other than issuance of share capital			—		—			237,159			237,159			72,452			309,611
Disposal of treasury stocks			—		—			825,985			825,985			—			825,985
Changes in consolidation scope			—		—			—			—			(5,281	)		(5,281	)
Dividends paid (hybrid securities)			—		—			—			—			(16,463	)		(16,463	)

Balance at December 31, 2014	￦		4,053,578		35,303,647			14,244,106			53,601,331			1,223,679			54,825,010

(Continued)

F-10

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity—(Continued)

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015


		Equity attributable to owners of the Company											Non- controlling Interests			Total equity
		Contributed capital		Retained earnings			Other components of equity			Subtotal			Non- controlling Interests			Total equity
		In millions of won
Balance at January 1, 2015	￦		4,053,578		35,303,647			14,244,106			53,601,331			1,223,679			54,825,010

Total comprehensive income for the period
Profit for the period			—		13,289,127			—			13,289,127			127,246			13,416,373
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Remeasurements of defined benefit liability, net of tax			—		(84,271	)		—			(84,271	)		(3,590	)		(87,861	)
Share in other comprehensive loss of associates and joint ventures, net of tax			—		(280	)		—			(280	)		(3	)		(283	)
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:
Net changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of tax			—		—			9,744			9,744			(96	)		9,648
Net change in the unrealized fair value of derivatives using cash flow hedge accounting, net of tax			—		—			3,157			3,157			1,252			4,409
Foreign currency translation of foreign operations, net of tax			—		—			1,179			1,179			17,356			18,535
Share in other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures, net of tax			—		—			89,476			89,476			82			89,558
Transactions with owners of the Company, recognized directly in equity
Dividends paid			—		(320,982	)		—			(320,982	)		(86,071	)		(407,053	)
Issuance of share capital by subsidiaries			—		—			2,536			2,536			12,329			14,865
Equity transaction in consolidated scope—other than issuance of share capital			—		—			44,166			44,166			9,046			53,212
Changes in consolidation scope			—		—			(716	)		(716	)		23,229			22,513
Dividends paid (hybrid securities)			—		—			—			—			(16,455	)		(16,455	)
Others, net			—		—			—			—			4			4

Balance at December 31, 2015	￦		4,053,578		48,187,241			14,393,648			66,634,467			1,308,008			67,942,475

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-11

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015


		2013			2014			2015
		In millions of won
Cash flows from operating activities
Profit for the period	￦		174,306			2,798,967			13,416,373

Adjustments for:
Income tax expense (benefit)			(570,794	)		1,430,339			5,239,413
Depreciation			7,303,996			7,797,046			8,269,118
Amortization			88,379			76,413			72,266
Employee benefit expense			384,323			121,406			314,692
Bad debt expense			49,110			54,999			18,350
Interest expense			2,381,900			2,351,624			2,015,684
Loss on sale of financial assets			4,202			2,700			3,008
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment			58,852			50,152			1,933
Loss on abandonment of property, plant, and equipment			295,627			309,451			365,056
Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment			24,612			38,107			30,344
Impairment loss on intangible assets			267			42			22
Loss on disposal of intangible assets			1			18			16
Accretion expense to provisions, net			663,621			1,295,150			1,602,724
Loss (gain) on foreign currency translation, net			(195,571	)		351,660			617,224
Valuation and transaction loss (gain) on derivative instruments, net			233,484			(143,239	)		(708,120	)
Share in income of associates and joint ventures, net			(29,414	)		(241,013	)		(194,272	)
Gain on sale of financial assets			(107	)		(98,065	)		(4	)
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment			(59,345	)		(85,775	)		(8,637,508	)
Gain on disposal of intangible assets			(4	)		(4	)		(32	)
Gain on disposal of investments in associates and joint ventures			(266	)		(47,072	)		(4,731	)
Loss on disposal of investments in associates and joint ventures			45,178			1,254			—
Gain on disposal of investments in subsidiaries			(1,459	)		(40,449	)		(8,376	)
Loss on disposal of investments in subsidiaries			113			17			—
Impairment loss on investments in associates and joint ventures			28,091			52,279			—
Interest income			(182,161	)		(191,456	)		(241,585	)
Dividends income			(9,870	)		(14,193	)		(14,069	)
Impairment loss on available-for-sale securities			12,592			79,618			84,370
Others, net			(64,089	)		(20,303	)		(35,107	)

			10,461,268			13,130,706			8,790,416

Changes in:
Trade receivables			(330,494	)		96,294			715,498
Non-trade receivables			20,853			9,063			(17,102	)
Accrued income			563			(207,155	)		17,051
Other receivables			(123	)		(906	)		(9,441	)
Other current assets			98,724			75,410			67,520
Inventories			(1,206,676	)		(1,146,221	)		(1,190,188	)
Other non-current assets			65,087			47,119			(31,465	)
Trade payables			(40,416	)		(257,614	)		(1,577,551	)
Non-trade payables			(195,191	)		(102,526	)		38,223
Accrued expenses			(240,901	)		(107,277	)		(410,744	)
Other payables			—			—			964
Other current liabilities			1,500,716			2,249,714			870,945
Other non-current liabilities			48,719			(317,437	)		377,617
Investments in associates and joint ventures			65,888			47,120			114,708
Provisions			(386,377	)		(675,569	)		(1,033,502	)
Payments of employee benefit obligations			(132,179	)		(860,179	)		(43,100	)
Plan assets			(101,720	)		(231,342	)		(214,449	)

			(833,527	)		(1,381,506	)		(2,325,016	)

(Continued)

F-12

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows—(Continued)

For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015


		2013			2014			2015
		In millions of won
Cash generated from operating activities
Dividends received	￦		14,114			13,518			38,565
Interest paid			(2,460,247	)		(2,460,457	)		(2,176,040	)
Interest received			160,830			167,269			133,875
Income taxes paid			(632,837	)		(222,805	)		(935,068	)

Net cash from operating activities			6,883,907			12,045,692			16,943,105

Cash flows from investing activities
Proceeds from disposals of associates and joint ventures			44			232,228			22,058
Acquisition of associates and joint ventures			(321,476	)		(248,223	)		(116,114	)
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment			119,464			111,260			9,843,796
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment			(14,259,050	)		(14,547,499	)		(14,049,887	)
Proceeds from disposals of intangible assets			39			1,819			467
Acquisition of intangible assets			(69,007	)		(68,624	)		(87,946	)
Proceeds from disposals of financial assets			610,847			1,060,117			242,856
Acquisition of financial assets			(545,992	)		(975,104	)		(5,326,151	)
Increase in loans			(196,607	)		(135,001	)		(153,570	)
Collection of loans			143,935			101,037			111,714
Increase in deposits			(55,594	)		(335,518	)		(352,669	)
Decrease in deposits			51,882			227,354			185,154
Receipt of government grants			92,000			108,681			52,696
Usage of government grants			(31,027	)		(36,464	)		(13,372	)
Net cash inflow (outflow) from business acquisitions			(41,809	)		44,319			(968	)
Other cash outflow from investing activities, net			(921	)		(715	)		(132,034	)

Net cash used in investing activities			(14,503,272	)		(14,460,333	)		(9,773,970	)

Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds (Repayment) from short-term borrowings, net			(107,748	)		59,421			(65,355	)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings and debt securities			15,233,428			9,566,625			4,178,454
Repayment of long-term borrowings and debt securities			(7,315,752	)		(8,119,325	)		(8,960,706	)
Payment of finance lease liabilities			(125,921	)		(115,532	)		(110,040	)
Settlement of derivative instruments, net			38,844			(444,243	)		73,348
Disposal of treasury stocks			—			852,962			—
Proceeds on disposal of partial interest in a subsidiary that does not involve loss of control			236,244			376,477			67,914
Change in non-controlling interest			47,019			12,595			36,105
Dividends paid (hybrid bond)			(16,455	)		(16,463	)		(16,455	)
Dividends paid			(41,812	)		(186,985	)		(409,884	)
Other cash outflow from financing activities, net			(14,715	)		(356	)		—

Net cash from (used in) financing activities			7,933,132			1,985,176			(5,206,619	)

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents before effect of exchange rate fluctuations			313,767			(429,465	)		1,962,516
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held			(36,403	)		(6,548	)		24,249

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents			277,364			(436,013	)		1,986,765
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1			1,954,949			2,232,313			1,796,300

Cash and cash equivalents at December 31	￦		2,232,313			1,796,300			3,783,065

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

F-13

KOREA ELECTRIC POWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2015

1.	Reporting Entity (Description of the controlling company)

Korea Electric Power Corporation (“KEPCO”) was incorporated on January 1, 1982 in accordance with the Korea Electric Power Corporation Act (the “KEPCO Act”) to engage in the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity and development of electric power resources in the Republic of Korea. KEPCO also provides power plant construction services. KEPCO’s stock was listed on the Korea Stock Exchange on August 10, 1989 and the Company listed its Depository Receipts (DR) on the New York Stock Exchange on October 27, 1994.

As of December 31, 2015, KEPCO’s share capital amounts to ￦3,209,820 million and KEPCO’s shareholders are as follows:


	Number of shares		Percentage of ownership
Government of the Republic of Korea		135,917,118		21.17	%
Korea Development Bank		192,170,340		29.94	%
Foreign investors		184,891,161		28.80	%
Other		128,985,458		20.09	%

		641,964,077		100.00	%

In accordance with the Restructuring Plan enacted on January 21, 1999 by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (the “MTIE”, formerly the Ministry of Knowledge Economy), KEPCO spun off its power generation divisions on April 2, 2001, resulting in the establishment of six power generation subsidiaries. KEPCO moved the headquarters to Naju, Jeollanam-do, in November 2014 as part of the government’s plan to relocate state-run companies for balanced national development.

2.	Basis of Preparation

The consolidated financial statements of Korea Electric Power Corporation and subsidiaries (the “Company”) were authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors on February 19, 2016, which were submitted for approval at the shareholders’ meeting held on March 22, 2016.

(1)

Statement of compliance

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (“IASB”).

(2)

Basis of measurement

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, except for the following material items in the consolidated statements of financial position:

•

derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value

•

available-for-sale financial assets are measured at fair value

•

liabilities for defined benefit plans are recognized at the net of the total present value of defined benefit obligations less the fair value of plan assets

(3)

Functional and presentation currency

These consolidated financial statements are presented in Korean won (“Won”), which is KEPCO’s functional and presentation currency.

F-14

(4)

Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected.

The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.

(i)

Unbilled revenue

Energy delivered but not metered nor billed are calculated at the reporting date based on consumption statistics and selling price estimates. Determination of the unbilled revenues at the end of the reporting period is sensitive to the estimated assumptions and prices based on statistics. Unbilled revenue recognized as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 is ￦1,793,589 million and ￦1,599,592 million, respectively.

Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes:

•

Note 17—Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures

•

Note 18—Property, plant and equipment

•

Note 45—Risk Management

Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next financial year is included in the following notes:

•

Note 41—Income taxes

•

Note 25—Employment benefits

(5)

Changes in accounting policies

(i)

IAS 19, ‘Employee Benefits’—Employee contributions

The Company has adopted amendments to IAS 19, ‘Employee Benefits’—Employee contributions, since July 1, 2014. Amendments to IAS 19 introduced a practical expedient to accounting for defined benefit plan, when employees or third parties pay contributions if certain criteria are met. According to the amendments, the entity is permitted to recognize those contributions as a reduction of the service cost in the period in which the related service is rendered, instead of forecast future contributions from employees or third parties and attribute them to periods or service as negative benefits.

Upon adoption of the amendments, there is no significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

(6)

New standards and amendments not yet adopted

The following new standards, interpretations and amendments to existing standards are effective for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2015, and the Company has not early adopted them yet. The management is in the process of evaluating the potential impact on the consolidated financial statements upon the adoption of the new standards, interpretations and the amendments.

(i)

IFRS 9, ‘Financial Instruments’

IFRS 9, published in July 2014, replaces the existing guidance in IAS 39, ‘Financial Instruments: recognition and Measurement’. IFRS 9 includes revised guidance on the classification and

F-15

measurement of financial instruments, including a new expected credit loss model for calculating impairment on financial assets, and the new general hedge accounting requirements. It also carries forward the guidance on recognition and derecognition of financial instruments from IAS 39. IFRS 9 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2018, with early adoption permitted.

(ii)

IFRS 15, ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’

IFRS 15 establishes a comprehensive framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is recognized. It replaces existing revenue recognition guidance, including IAS 18 ‘Revenue’, IAS 11 ‘Construction Contracts’ and IFRIC 13 ‘Customer Loyalty Programs’. IFRS 15 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted.

(iii)

IAS 16, ‘Property, Plant and Equipment’

Amendments to IAS 16, ‘Property, Plant and Equipment’ specify that the use of revenue-based methods to calculate the depreciation of an asset is not appropriate. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016.

(iv)

IAS 38, ‘Intangible Assets’

Amendments to IAS 38, ‘Intangible Assets’ introduce a rebuttable presumption that the use of revenue-based amortization methods for intangible assets is inappropriate. This presumption can be rebutted only when revenue and the consumption of the economic benefits of the intangible asset are highly correlated, or when the intangible asset is expressed as a measure of revenue. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016.

(v)

IFRS 11, ‘Joint Arrangement’

Amendments to IFRS 11, ‘Joint Arrangement’ require an investor to apply the principles of business combination accounting when it acquires an interest in a joint operation that constitutes a business as defined in IFRS 3, ‘Business Combinations’. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2016.

(vi)

IFRS 16, ‘Leases’

IFRS 16, published in January 2016, replaces existing guidance in IAS 17, ‘Leases’. It eliminates the current dual accounting model for lessees, which distinguishes between on-balance sheet finance leases and off-balance sheet operating leases. Instead, there is a single, on-balance sheet accounting model that is similar to current finance lease accounting. Lessor accounting remains similar to current practice (i.e. lessors continue to classify leases as finance and operating leases). IFRS 16 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted if IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ has also been applied.

(vii)

IAS 12, ‘Income Taxes’—Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealized Losses

Amendments to IAS 12, published in January 2016, clarify how to account for deferred tax assets related to debt instruments measured at fair value. These amendments clarify that the existence of a deductible temporary difference depends solely on a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset and its tax base at the end of the reporting period, and is not affected by possible future changes in the carrying amount or expected manner of recovery of the asset. Therefore, assuming that the tax base remains at the original cost of the debt instrument, there is a temporary difference. These amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2017, with early adoption permitted.

F-16

3.	Significant Accounting Policies

Except as described in note 2.(5), the Company applied the following significant accounting policies consistently for all periods presented.

(1)

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements are the financial statements of a group in which the assets, liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows of the parent and its subsidiaries are presented as those of a single economic entity. Subsidiaries are controlled by the Company. The Company controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity.

Income and expense of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income from the effective date of acquisition and up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. Total comprehensive income of subsidiaries is attributed to the owners of the Company and to the non-controlling interests even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.

When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those of the Company.

Transactions within the Company are eliminated during the consolidation.

Changes in the Company’s ownership interests in a subsidiary that do not result in the Company losing control over the subsidiary are accounted for as equity transactions. The carrying amounts of the Company’s interests and the non-controlling interests are adjusted to reflect the changes in their relative interests in the subsidiary. Any difference between the amount by which the non-controlling interests are adjusted and the fair value of the consideration paid or received is recognized directly in equity and attributed to owners of the Company.

When the Company loses control of a subsidiary, the income or loss on disposal is calculated as the difference between (i) the aggregate of the fair value of the consideration received and the fair value of any retained interest and (ii) the previous carrying amount of the assets (including goodwill), and liabilities of the subsidiary and any non-controlling interests. When assets of the subsidiary are carried at revalued amounts or fair values and the related cumulative gain or loss has been recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity, the amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are accounted for as if the Company had directly disposed of the relevant assets (i.e. reclassified to income or loss or transferred directly to retained earnings). The fair value of any investment retained in the former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is recognized as the fair value on initial recognition for subsequent accounting under IAS 39, ‘Financial Instruments’: Recognition and Measurement or, when applicable, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associate or a jointly controlled entity.

(2)

Business combinations

A business combination is accounted for by applying the acquisition method, unless it is a combination involving entities or businesses under common control.

The consideration transferred in a business combination is measured at fair value, which is calculated as the sum of the acquisition-date fair values of the assets transferred by the Company, liabilities incurred by the Company to the former owners of the acquiree and the equity interests issued by the Company in exchange for control of the acquiree. Acquisition-related costs are generally recognized in income or loss as incurred.

At the acquisition date, the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed are recognized at their fair value at the acquisition date, except that:

•

deferred tax assets or liabilities and liabilities or assets related to employee benefit arrangements are recognized and measured in accordance with IAS 12, ‘ Income Taxes’ and IAS 19, ‘ Employee Benefits’ respectively;

F-17

•

Assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as held for sale in accordance with IFRS 5, ‘Non-current Assets Held for Sale’ are measured in accordance with that standard.

Goodwill is measured as the excess of the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree, and the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree (if any) over the net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. If, after reassessment, net of the acquisition-date amounts of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed exceeds the sum of the consideration transferred, the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree and the fair value of the acquirer’s previously held interest in the acquiree (if any), the excess is recognized immediately in income or loss as a bargain purchase gain.

Non-controlling interest that is present on acquisition day and entitles the holder to a proportionate share of the entity’s net assets in an event of liquidation, may be initially measured either at fair value or at the non-controlling interest’s proportionate share of the recognized amounts of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. The choice of measurement can be elected on a transaction-by-transaction basis. Other types of non-controlling interests are measured at fair value or, when applicable, on the basis specified in other IFRSs. When the consideration transferred by the Company in a business combination includes assets or liabilities resulting from a contingent consideration arrangement, the contingent consideration is measured at its acquisition-date fair value and included as part of the consideration transferred in a business combination. Changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that qualify as measurement period adjustments are adjusted retrospectively, with corresponding adjustments against goodwill. Measurement period adjustments are adjustments that arise from additional information obtained during the ‘measurement period’ (which cannot exceed one year from the acquisition date) about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date.

The subsequent accounting for changes in the fair value of the contingent consideration that do not qualify as measurement period adjustments depends on how the contingent consideration is classified. Contingent consideration that is classified as equity is not re-measured at subsequent reporting dates and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. Contingent consideration that is classified as an asset or a liability is re-measured at subsequent reporting dates in accordance with IAS 39, ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’, or with IAS 37, ‘Provisions’, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, as appropriate, with the corresponding gain or loss being recognized in income or loss.

When a business combination is achieved in stages, the Company’s previously held equity interest in the acquiree is re-measured to fair value at the acquisition date (i.e. the date when the Company obtains control) and the resulting gain or loss, if any, is recognized in income or loss. Amounts arising from interests in the acquiree prior to the acquisition date that have previously been recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to income or loss where such treatment would be appropriate if that interest were disposed of.

If the initial accounting for a business combination is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which the combination occurs, the Company reports provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. Those provisional amounts are adjusted during the measurement period (see above), or additional assets or liabilities are recognized, to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date that, if known, would have affected the amounts recognized at that date.

The assets and liabilities acquired under business combinations under common control are recognized at the carrying amounts recognized previously in the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent. The difference between consideration transferred and carrying amounts of net assets acquired is recognized as part of share premium.

F-18

(3)

Investments in associates

An associate is an entity over which the Company has significant influence and that is neither a subsidiary nor an interest in a joint venture. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee but does not control or joint control over those policies.

The results and assets and liabilities of associates are incorporated in these consolidated financial statements using the equity method of accounting. If the investment is classified as held for sale, in which case it is accounted for in accordance with IFRS 5 ‘Non-current Assets Held for Sale’, any retained portion of an investment in associates that has not been classified as held for sale shall be accounted for using the equity method until disposal of the portion that is classified as held for sale takes place. If the Company holds 20% ~ 50% of the voting power of the investee, it is presumed that the Company has significant influence.

After the disposal takes place, the Company shall account for any retained interest in associates in accordance with IAS 39 ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’ unless the retained interest continues to be an associates, in which case the entity uses the equity method.

Under the equity method, an investment in an associate is initially recognized in the consolidated statement of financial position at cost and adjusted thereafter to recognize the Company’s share of the income or loss and other comprehensive income of the associate. When the Company’s share of losses of an associate exceeds the Company’s interest in that associate (which includes any long-term interests that, in substance, form part of the Company’s net investment in the associate), the Company discontinues recognizing its share of further losses. Additional losses are recognized only to the extent that the Company has incurred legal or constructive obligations or made payments on behalf of the associate.

Any excess of the cost of acquisition over the Company’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of an associate recognized at the date of acquisition is recognized as goodwill, which is included within the carrying amount of the investment. Any excess of the Company’s share of the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities over the cost of acquisition, after reassessment, is recognized immediately in income or loss. The requirements of IAS 39, ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’, are applied to determine whether it is necessary to recognize any impairment loss with respect to the Company’s investment in an associate. When necessary, the entire carrying amount of the investment (including goodwill) is tested for impairment in accordance with IAS 36 ‘Impairment of Assets’ as a single asset by comparing its recoverable amount (higher of value in use and fair value less costs to sell) with its carrying amount, any impairment loss recognized forms part of the carrying amount of the investment. Any reversal of that impairment loss is recognized in accordance with IAS 36 to the extent that the recoverable amount of the investment subsequently increases.

Upon disposal of an associate that results in the Company losing significant influence over that associate, any retained investment is measured at fair value at that date and the fair value is regarded as its fair value on initial recognition as a financial asset in accordance with IAS 39. The difference between the previous carrying amount of the associate attributable to the retained interest and its fair value is included in the determination of the gain or loss on disposal of the associate. In addition, the Company accounts for all amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income in relation to that associate on the same basis as would be required if that associate had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities. Therefore, if a gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income by that associate would be reclassified to income or loss on the disposal of the related assets or liabilities, the Company reclassifies the gain or loss from equity to income or loss (as a reclassification adjustment) when it loses significant influence over that associate.

When the Company transacts with its associate, incomes and losses resulting from the transactions with the associate are recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements only to the extent of interests in the associate that are not related to the Company.

F-19

(4)

Joint arrangements

A joint arrangement is an arrangement of which two or more parties have joint control. Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control. Joint arrangements are classified into two types—joint operations and joint ventures. A joint operation is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement (i.e. joint operators) have rights to the assets, and obligations for the liabilities, relating to the arrangement. A joint venture is a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement (i.e. joint ventures) have rights to the net assets of the arrangement.

If the Company is a joint operator, the Company is to recognize and measure the assets and liabilities (and recognize the related revenues and expenses) in relation to its interest in the arrangement in accordance with relevant IFRSs applicable to the particular assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. If the joint arrangement is a joint venture, the Company is to account for that investment using the equity method accounting in accordance with IAS 28, ‘Investment in Associates and Joint Ventures’ (see note 3 (3)), except when the Company is applicable to the IFRS 5, ‘Non-current Assets Held for Sale’.

(5)

Non-current assets held for sale

Non-current assets and disposal groups are classified as held for sale if their carrying amount will be recovered principally through a sale transaction rather than through continuing use. This condition is regarded as met only when the sale is highly probable and the non-current asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition. Management must be committed to the sale, which should be expected to qualify for recognition as a completed sale within one year from the date of classification.

When the Company is committed to a sale plan involving loss of control of a subsidiary, all of the assets and liabilities of that subsidiary are classified as held for sale when the criteria described above are met, regardless of whether the Company will retain a non-controlling interest in its former subsidiary after the sale.

Non-current assets (and disposal groups) classified as held for sale are measured at the lower of their previous carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell.

(6)

Goodwill

The Company measures goodwill which acquired in a business combination at the amount recognized at the date on which it obtains control of the acquiree (acquisition date) less any accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill acquired in a business combination is allocated to each CGU that is expected to benefit from the synergies arising from the goodwill acquired.

The Company assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that an asset may be impaired. An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or a CGU exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss.

Any impairment identified at the CGU level will first reduce the carrying value of goodwill and then be used to reduce the carrying amount of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis. Except for impairment losses in respect of goodwill which are never reversed, an impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.

(7)

Revenue recognition

Revenue from the sale of goods, rendering of services or use of the Company assets is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of returns, trade discounts and volume rebates, which

F-20

are recognized as a reduction of revenue. Revenue is recognized when the amount of revenue can be measured reliably and it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company.

(i)

Sales of goods

The Korean government approves the rates charged to customers by the Company’s power transmission and distribution division. The Company’s utility rates are designed to recover the Company’s reasonable costs plus a fair investment return. The Company’s power generation rates are determined in the market.

The Company recognizes electricity sales revenue based on power sold (transferred to the customer) up to the reporting date. To determine the amount of power sold, the Company estimates daily power volumes of electricity for residential, commercial, general and etc. The differences between the current month’s estimated amount and actual (meter-read) amount, is adjusted for (trued-up) during the next month period.

(ii)

Sales of other services

Revenue from services rendered is recognized in profit or loss in proportion to the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date. The stage of completion is assessed by reference to surveys of work performed or services performed to date as a percentage of total services to be performed or the proportion that costs incurred to date bear to the estimated total costs of the transaction or other methods that reliably measures the services performed.

(iii)

Dividend income and interest income

Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss on the date that the Company’s right to receive payment is established, which in the case of quoted securities is the ex-dividend date.

Interest income is recognized as it accrues in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and at the effective interest rate applicable, which is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected life of the financial asset to that asset’s net carrying amount on initial recognition.

(iv)

Rental income

The Company’s policy for recognition of revenue from operating leases is described in note 3 (9) below.

(v)

Deferral of revenue—Transfer of Assets from Customers

The Company recovers a substantial amount of the cost related to its electric power distribution facilities from customers through the transfer of assets, while the remaining portion is recovered through electricity sales from such customers in the future. As such, the Company believes there exists a continued service obligation to the customers in accordance with IFRIC 18, ‘Transfer of Assets from Customers’ when the Company receives an item of property, equipment, or cash for constructing or acquiring an item of property or equipment, in exchange for supplying electricity to customers. The Company defers the amounts received, which are then recognized as revenue over the estimated service period which does not exceed the transferred asset’s useful life.

(8)

Construction services revenue

The Company provides services related to the construction of power plants related to facilities of its customers, mostly in foreign countries.

When the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably, revenue and costs are recognized based on the stage of completion of the contract activity at the end of the reporting period, measured based

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on the proportion of contract costs incurred for work performed to date relative to the estimated total contract costs, except where this would not be representative of the stage of completion. Variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments are included to the extent that the amount can be measured reliably and its receipt is considered probable.

When the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognized to the extent of contract costs incurred when it is probable the revenue will be realized. Contract costs are recognized as expenses in the period in which they are incurred. When it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract revenue, the expected loss is recognized as an expense immediately.

When contract costs incurred to date plus recognized income less recognized losses exceed progress billings, the surplus is shown as amounts due from customers for contract work. For contracts where progress billings exceed contract costs incurred to date plus recognized income less recognized losses, the surplus is shown as the amounts due to customers for contract work. Amounts received before the related work is performed are included in the consolidated statements of financial position, as a liability, as advances received. Amounts billed for work performed but not yet paid by the customer are included in the consolidated statements of financial position as accounts and other receivables.

(9)

Leases

The Company classifies and accounts for leases as either a finance or operating lease, depending on the terms. Leases where the Company assumes substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

(i)

The Company as lessor

Amounts due from lessees under finance leases are recognized as receivables at the amount of the Company’s net investment in the leases. Finance lease income is allocated to accounting periods so as to reflect a constant periodic rate of return on the Company’s net investment outstanding in respect of the leases.

Rental income from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(ii)

The Company as lessee

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets held under finance leases are initially recognized as assets of the Company at their fair value at the inception of the lease or, if lower, at the present value of the minimum lease payments. The corresponding liability to the lessor is included in the statement of financial position as a finance lease obligation.

Lease payments are apportioned between finance expenses and reduction of the lease obligation so as to achieve a constant rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability. Finance expenses are recognized immediately in income or loss, unless they are directly attributable to qualifying assets, in which case they are capitalized in accordance with the Company’s general policy on borrowing costs. Contingent rentals are recognized as expenses in the periods in which they are incurred.

Operating lease payments are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term, except where another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed. Contingent rentals arising under operating leases are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

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In the event that lease incentives are received to enter into operating leases, such incentives are recognized as a liability. The aggregate benefit of incentives is recognized as a reduction of rental expense on a straight-line basis, except where another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.

(10)

Foreign currencies

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of the Company entities at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated to the functional currency using the reporting date’s exchange rate. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was determined.

Exchange differences are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise except for:

•

Exchange differences on foreign currency borrowings relating to assets under construction for future productive use, which are included in the cost of those assets when they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs on those foreign currency borrowings;

•

Exchange differences on transactions entered into in order to hedge certain foreign currency risks; and (see note 3 (23))

•

Exchange differences on monetary items receivable from or payable to a foreign operation for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur (therefore forming part of the net investment in the foreign operation), which are recognized initially in other comprehensive income and reclassified from equity to income or loss on disposal or partial disposal of the net investment.

For the purpose of presenting financial statements, the assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign operations are expressed in Korean won using exchange rates prevailing at the end of the reporting period. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period, unless exchange rates fluctuated significantly during that period, in which case the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions are used. Exchange differences arising, if any, are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity.

When a foreign operation is disposed of, the relevant amount in the translation is transferred to profit or loss as part of the profit or loss on disposal.

(11)

Borrowing costs

The Company capitalizes borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are recognized in expense as incurred. A qualifying asset is an asset that requires a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale.

Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalization.

All other borrowing costs are recognized in income or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

(12)

Government grants

Government grants are not recognized unless there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the grant’s conditions and that the grant will be received.

Benefit from a government loan at a below-market interest rate is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates.

F-23

(i)

If the Company received grants related to assets

Government grants whose primary condition is that the Company purchase, construct or otherwise acquire long-term assets are deducted in calculating the carrying amount of the asset. The grant is recognized in profit or loss over the life of a depreciable asset as a reduced depreciation expense.

(ii)

If the Company received grants related to income

Government grants which are intended to compensate the Company for expenses incurred are recognized as other income (government grants) in profit or loss over the periods in which the Company recognizes the related costs as expenses.

(13)

Employee benefits

When an employee has rendered service to the Company during a period, the Company recognizes the contribution payable to a defined contribution plan in exchange for that service as a liability (accrued expense).

For defined benefit pension plans and other post-employment benefits, the net periodic pension expense is actuarially determined by “Pension Actuarial System” developed by independent actuaries using the projected unit credit method. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is determined by discounting the estimated future cash outflows using interest rates of high-quality corporate bonds that are denominated in the currency in which the benefits will be paid and that have terms to maturity approximating the terms of the related pension liability. However, if there is not a deep market, market yields on government bonds are used.

Net defined benefit liability’s measurement is composed of actuarial gains and losses, return on plan assets excluding net interest on net defined benefit liability, and any change in the effect of the asset ceiling, excluding net interest, which are immediately recognized in other comprehensive income. The actuarial gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive income which will not be reclassified into net profit or loss for later periods are immediately recognized in retained earnings. Past service cost will be recognized as expenses upon the earlier of the date of change or reduction to the plan, or the date of recognizing termination benefits.

The retirement benefit obligation recognized in the statement of financial position represents the present value of the defined benefit obligation as adjusted for unrecognized actuarial gains and losses and unrecognized past service cost, and as reduced by the fair value of plan assets. Any asset resulting from this calculation is limited to unrecognized actuarial losses and past service cost, plus the present value of available refunds and reductions in future contributions to the plan.

(14)

Income taxes

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

(i)

Current tax

Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable profit or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. The taxable profit is different from the accounting profit for the period since the taxable profit is calculated excluding the temporary differences, which will be taxable or deductible in determining taxable profit (tax loss) of future periods, and non-taxable or non-deductible items from the accounting profit.

(ii)

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized, using the asset-liability method, in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts

F-24

used for taxation purposes. A deferred tax liability is recognized for all taxable temporary differences. A deferred tax asset is recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which they can be utilized. However, deferred tax is not recognized for the following temporary differences: taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill, or the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting profit or loss nor taxable income.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets or deferred tax liabilities on investment properties measured at fair value, unless any contrary evidence exists, are measured using the assumption that the carrying amount of the property will be recovered entirely through sale.

The Company recognizes a deferred tax liability for all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates, and interests in joint ventures, except to the extent that the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. The Company recognizes a deferred tax asset for all deductible temporary differences arising from investments in subsidiaries and associates, to the extent that it is probable that the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized.

The carrying amount of a deferred tax asset is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduces the carrying amount to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow the benefit of part or all of that deferred tax asset to be utilized.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset only if there is a legally enforceable right to offset the related current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to income taxes levied by the same tax authority and they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis.

(iii)

Current and deferred tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognized in income or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.

(15)

Property, plant and equipment

Subsequent costs are recognized in the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment at cost or, if appropriate, as separate items if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will

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flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Property, plant and equipment, except for land, are depreciated on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives that appropriately reflect the pattern in which the asset’s future economic benefits are expected to be consumed. For loaded nuclear fuel related to long-term raw materials and spent nuclear fuels related to asset retirement costs, the Company uses the production method to measure and recognizes as expense the economic benefits of the assets.

The estimated useful lives of the Company’s property, plant and equipment are as follows:


		Useful lives (years)
Buildings		8 ~ 40
Structures		8 ~ 50
Machinery		6 ~ 32
Vehicles		4
Loaded heavy water		30
Asset retirement costs		18,30,40
Finance lease assets		20
Ships		9
Others		4~9

Property, plant and equipment are derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of a property, plant and equipment, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, are recognized in income or loss when the asset is derecognized.

(16)

Investment property

Property held for the purpose of earning rentals or benefiting from capital appreciation is classified as investment property. Investment property is initially measured at its cost. Transaction costs are included in the initial measurement. Subsequently, investment property is carried at depreciated cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

Subsequent costs are recognized in the carrying amount of investment property at cost or, if appropriate, as separate items if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Investment property except for land, are depreciated on a straight-line basis over 8 ~ 40 years as estimated useful lives.

The estimated useful lives, residual values and depreciation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate accounted for on a prospective basis.

An investment property is derecognized upon disposal or when the investment property is permanently withdrawn from use and no future economic benefits are expected from the disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the property (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in income or loss in the period in which the property is derecognized.

F-26

(17)

Intangible assets

(i)

Intangible assets acquired separately

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses. Amortization is recognized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortization method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

(ii)

Research and development

Expenditure on research activities is recognized as an expense in the period in which it is incurred.

An internally-generated intangible asset arising from development (or from the development phase of an internal project) is recognized if, and only if, all of the following have been demonstrated:

•

The technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;

•

The intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it;

•

The ability to use or sell the intangible asset;

•

How the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits;

•

The availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and

•

The ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.

The amount initially recognized for internally-generated intangible assets is the sum of the expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria listed above. When the development expenditure does not meet the criteria listed above, an internally-generated intangible asset cannot be recognized and the expenditure is recognized in income or loss in the period in which it is incurred.

Internally-generated intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

The estimated useful lives and amortization methods of the Company’s intangible assets with finite useful lives are as follows:


	Useful lives (years)	Amortization methods
Usage rights for donated assets	4 ~ 30	Straight
Software	4,5	Straight
Industrial rights	5,10	Straight
Development expenses	5	Straight
Dam usage right	50	Straight
Mining right	—	Unit of production
Others	4~20, 50	Straight

(iii)

Intangible assets acquired in a business combination

Intangible assets that are acquired in a business combination are recognized separately from goodwill are initially recognized at their fair value at the acquisition date (which is regarded as their cost).

Subsequent to initial recognition, intangible assets acquired in a business combination are reported at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

F-27

(iv)

Derecognition of intangible assets

An intangible asset is derecognized on disposal, or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition of an intangible asset, measured as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset, and are recognized in income or loss when the asset is derecognized.

(18)

Greenhouse gas emissions rights (allowance) and obligations

With Enforcement of Allocation and Trading of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Allowances, the Company applies the following accounting policies for emissions rights and obligations.

(i)

Emissions rights

Greenhouse gas emissions rights consist of the allowances received free of charge from the government and the ones purchased. The cost of the emissions rights includes expenditures arising directly from the acquisition and any other costs incurred during normal course of the acquisition.

Emissions rights are held by the Company to fulfill the legal obligation and recorded as intangible assets. To the extent that the portion to be submitted to the government within one year from the end of reporting period, the emissions rights are classified as current assets. Emissions rights recorded as intangible assets are initially measured at cost and substantially remeasured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Greenhouse gas emission rights are derecognized on submission to the government or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal.

(ii)

Emissions obligations

Emissions obligations are the Company’s present legal obligation to submit the emissions allowances to the government and recognized when an outflow of resources is probable and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. Emissions obligations are measured as the sum of the carrying amount of the allocated rights that will be submitted to the government and the best estimate of expenditure required to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period for any excess emission.

(19)

Impairment of non-financial assets other than goodwill

At the end of each reporting period, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets with definite useful lives to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. Where a reasonable and consistent basis of allocation can be identified, corporate assets are also allocated to individual cash-generating units, or otherwise they are allocated to the smallest group of cash-generating units for which a reasonable and consistent allocation basis can be identified.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

F-28

amount. An impairment loss is recognized immediately in income or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

When an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or a cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognized immediately in income or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

(20)

Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost of inventories, except for those in transit, are measured under the weighted average method and consists of the purchase price, cost of conversion and other costs incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition.

Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less the estimated costs of completion and selling expenses. The amount of any write-down of inventories to net realizable value and all losses of inventories are recognized as an expense in the period the write-down or loss occurs. The amount of any reversal of any write-down of inventories, arising from an increase in net realizable value, are recognized as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognized as an expense in the period in which the reversal occurs.

(21)

Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The risks and uncertainties that inevitably surround many events and circumstances are taken into account in reaching the best estimate of a provision. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined at the present value of the expected future cash flows.

Where some or all of the expenditures required to settle a provision are expected to be reimbursed by another party, the reimbursement shall be recognized when, and only when, it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if the entity settles the obligation. The reimbursement shall be treated as a separate asset.

Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimates. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.

(i)

Provision for employment benefits

The Company determines the provision for employment benefits as the incentive payments based on the results of the individual performance evaluation or management assessment.

(ii)

Provision for decommissioning costs of nuclear power plants

The Company records the fair value of estimated decommissioning costs as a liability in the period in which the Company incurs a legal obligation associated with retirement of long-lived assets that result from acquisition, construction, development and/or normal use of the assets. Accretion expense consists of period-to-period changes in the liability for decommissioning costs resulting from the passage of time and revisions to either the timing or the amount of the original estimate of undiscounted cash flows.

F-29

(iii)

Provision for disposal of spent nuclear fuel

Under the Radioactive Waste Management Act, the Company is levied to pay the spent nuclear fuel fund for the management of spent nuclear fuel. The Company recognizes the provision of present value of the payments.

(iv)

Provision for low and intermediate radioactive wastes

Under the Radioactive Waste Management Act, the Company recognizes the provision for the disposal of low and intermediate radioactive wastes in best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation.

(v)

Provision for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (“PCBs”)

Under the regulation of Persistent Organic Pollutants Management Act, enacted in 2007, the Company is required to remove polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a toxin, from the insulating oil of its transformers by 2025. As a result of the enactments, the Company is required to inspect the PCBs contents of transformers and dispose of PCBs in excess of safety standards under the legally settled procedures. The Company’s estimates and assumptions used to determine fair value can be affected by many factors, such as the estimated costs of inspection and disposal, inflation rate, discount rate, regulations and the general economy.

(vi)

Provisions for power plant regional support program

Power plant regional support programs consist of scholarship programs to local students, local economy support programs, local culture support programs, environment development programs, and local welfare programs. The Company recognizes the provision in relation to power plant regional support program.

(vii)

Renewable portfolio standard (“RPS”) provisions

Renewable portfolio standard (“RPS”) program is required to generate a specified percentage of total electricity to be generated in the form of renewable energy and provisions are recognized for the governmental regulations to require the production of energies from renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and biomass.

(22)

Non-derivative financial assets

The Company recognizes and measures non-derivative financial assets by the following four categories: financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity investments, loans and receivables and available-for-sale financial assets. The Company recognizes financial assets in the statement of financial position when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Upon initial recognition, non-derivative financial assets are measured at their fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the asset’s acquisition or issuance.

A regular way purchase or sale of financial assets shall be recognized and derecognized, as applicable, using trade date accounting or settlement date accounting. A regular way purchase or sale is a purchase or sale of a financial asset under a contract whose terms require delivery of the asset within the time frame established generally by regulation or convention in the marketplace concerned.

(i)

Effective interest method

The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a debt instrument and of allocating interest income over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts (including all fees and points paid or received that form an integral part of the effective interest rate, transaction costs and other premiums or discounts) through

F-30

the expected life of the debt instrument, or, where appropriate, a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition. Income is recognized on an effective interest basis for debt instruments other than those financial assets classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

(ii)

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

A financial asset is classified as financial assets are classified at fair value through profit or loss if it is held for trading or is designated as such upon initial recognition. Upon initial recognition, transaction costs are recognized in profit or loss when incurred. A financial assets its acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term are classified as a short-term financial assets held for trading and also all the derivatives including an embedded derivate that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument are classified at the short-term trading financial asset as well. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss.

A financial asset is classified as held for trading if:

•

It has been acquired principally for the purpose of selling it in the near term; or

•

On initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short term profit taking; or

•

It is derivative, including an embedded derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.

A financial asset other than a financial asset held for trading may be designated as at financial assets at fair value through profit or loss upon initial recognition if:

•

Such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise; or

•

The financial asset forms part of a group of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its’ performance is evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with the Company’s documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or

•

It forms a part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and with IAS No. 39, Financial Instruments; Recognition and Measurement permits the entire combined contract (asset or liability) to be designated as at financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognized in income or loss. The net gain or loss recognized in income or loss incorporates any dividend or interest earned on the financial asset and is included in the ‘finance income and finance expenses’ line item in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

(iii)

Held-to-maturity investments

A non-derivative financial asset with a fixed or determinable payment and fixed maturity, for which the Company has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity, are classified as held-to-maturity investments. Subsequent to initial recognition, held-to-maturity investments are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

(iv)

Available-for-sale financial assets

Available-for-sale financial assets are those non-derivative financial assets that are designated as available-for-sale or are not classified as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, held-to-maturity investments or loans and receivables.

Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value are recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the valuation reserve. However, impairment losses, interest calculated using the

F-31

effective interest method, and foreign exchange gains and losses on monetary assets are recognized in income or loss. Unquoted equity investments which are not traded in an active market, whose fair value cannot be measured reliably are carried at cost.

When a financial asset is derecognized or impairment losses are recognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to profit or loss.

Dividends on an available-for-sale equity instrument are recognized in profit or loss when the Company’s right to receive payment is established.

The fair value of available-for-sale monetary assets denominated in a foreign currency is determined in that foreign currency and translated at the spot rate at the end of the reporting period. The foreign exchange gains and losses that are recognized in income or loss are determined based on the amortized cost of the monetary asset. Other foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in other comprehensive income.

(v)

Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. Subsequent to initial recognition, loans and receivables are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method except for loans and receivables of which the effect of discounting is immaterial.

(vi)

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets, other than those at financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period. Financial assets are considered to be impaired when there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of the investment have been affected.

For listed and unlisted equity investments classified as available-for-sale financial asset, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is considered to be objective evidence of impairment in addition to the criteria mentioned below.

For all other financial assets, objective evidence of impairment could include:

•

Significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty; or

•

Breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, or

•

It becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial re-organization; or

•

The disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties.

For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are, in addition, assessed for impairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the Company’s past experience of collecting payments, an increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period and, as well as observable changes in national or local economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables.

For financial assets recorded at amortized cost, the amount of the impairment loss recognized is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate.

For financial assets carried at cost, the amount of the impairment loss is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the current market rate of return for a similar financial asset. Such impairment loss will not be reversed in subsequent periods.

F-32

The carrying amount of the financial asset is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with the exception of trade receivables, where the carrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. When a trade receivable is considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited against the allowance account. Changes in the carrying amount of the allowance account are recognized in income or loss.

When an available-for-sale financial asset is considered to be impaired, cumulative gains or losses previously recognized in other comprehensive income are reclassified to income or loss in the period.

For financial assets measured at amortized cost, if, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognized, the previously recognized impairment loss is reversed through income or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the investment at the date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortized cost would have been had the impairment not been recognized.

In respect of available-for-sale equity securities, impairment losses previously recognized in income or loss are not reversed through income or loss. Any increase in fair value subsequent to an impairment loss is recognized in other comprehensive income. In respect of available-for-sale debt securities, impairment losses are subsequently reversed through income or loss if an increase in the fair value of the investment can be objectively related to an event occurring after the recognition of the impairment loss.

(vii)

De-recognition of financial assets

The Company derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows on the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred. Any interest in transferred financial assets that is created or retained by the Company is recognized as a separate asset or liability. If the Company retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the transferred financial assets, the Company continues to recognize the transferred financial assets and recognizes financial liabilities for the consideration received.

On de-recognition of a financial asset in its entirety, the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the sum of the consideration received and receivable and the cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity is recognized in income or loss.

On de-recognition of a financial asset other than in its entirety (e.g. when the Company retains an option to repurchase part of a transferred asset), the Company allocates the previous carrying amount of the financial asset between the part it continues to recognize under continuing involvement, and the part it no longer recognizes on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts on the date of the transfer. The difference between the carrying amount allocated to the part that is no longer recognized and the sum of the consideration received for the part no longer recognized and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to it that had been recognized in other comprehensive income is recognized in income or loss. A cumulative gain or loss that had been recognized in other comprehensive income is allocated between the part that continues to be recognized and the part that is no longer recognized on the basis of the relative fair values of those parts.

(23)

Non-derivative financial liabilities and equity instruments issued by the Company

(i)

Classification as debt or equity

Debt and equity instruments are classified as either financial liabilities or as equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement.

F-33

(ii)

Equity instruments

An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its liabilities. Equity instruments issued by the Company are recognized at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.

Repurchase of the Company’s own equity instruments is recognized and deducted directly in equity. No gain or loss is recognized in income or loss on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Company’s own equity instruments.

(iii)

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are recognized when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments. Financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction cost that are directly attributable to the issue of financial liabilities are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction cost directly attributable to acquisition of financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as either financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss or other financial liabilities.

(iv)

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL)

Financial liabilities are classified as at financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss when the financial liability is either held for trading or it is designated as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss.

A financial liability is classified as held for trading if:

•

It has been acquired principally for the purpose of repurchasing it in the near term; or

•

On initial recognition it is part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that the Company manages together and has a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking; or

•

It is a derivative that is not designated and effective as a hedging instrument.

A financial liability other than a financial liability held for trading may be designated as at FVTPL upon initial recognition if:

•

Such designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency that would otherwise arise; or

•

The financial liability forms part of a Company of financial assets or financial liabilities or both, which is managed and its performance is evaluated on a fair value basis, in accordance with the Company’s documented risk management or investment strategy, and information about the grouping is provided internally on that basis; or

•

It forms part of a contract containing one or more embedded derivatives, and IAS 39, ‘Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement’, permits the entire combined contract (asset or liability) to be designated as at FVTPL.

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are stated at fair value, with any gains or losses arising on re-measurement recognized in income or loss. The net gain or loss recognized in income or loss incorporates any interest paid on the financial liability and is included in ‘finance income and finance expenses’.

(v)

Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities, including borrowings, are initially measured at fair value, net of transaction costs.

F-34

Other financial liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, with interest expense recognized on an effective yield basis. The effective interest method is a method of calculating the amortized cost of a financial liability and of allocating interest expense over the relevant period. The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments through the expected life of the financial liability, or (where appropriate) a shorter period, to the net carrying amount on initial recognition.

(vi)

Financial guarantee contract liabilities

Financial guarantee contract liabilities are initially measured at their fair values and, if not designated as at FVTPL, are subsequently measured at the higher of: (a) the amount of the obligation under the contract, as determined in accordance with IAS 37, ‘Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets; or (b) the amount initially recognized less, cumulative amortization recognized in accordance with IAS 18, ‘Revenue’.

(vii)

De-recognition of financial liabilities

The Company derecognizes financial liabilities when, and only when, the Company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled or they expire. The difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability derecognized and the consideration paid and payable is recognized in income or loss.

(24)

Derivative financial instruments, including hedge accounting

The Company enters into a variety of derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to interest rate and foreign exchange rate risk, including foreign exchange forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps and others.

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value.

The resulting gain or loss is recognized in income or loss immediately unless the derivative is designated and effective as a hedging instrument, in such case the timing of the recognition in income or loss depends on the nature of the hedge relationship.

A derivative with a positive fair value is recognized as a financial asset; a derivative with a negative fair value is recognized as a financial liability. A derivative is presented as a non-current asset or a non-current liability if the remaining maturity of the instrument is more than 12 months and it is not expected to be realized or settled within 12 months. Other derivatives are presented as current assets or current liabilities.

(i)

Separable embedded derivatives

Derivatives embedded in other financial instruments or other host contracts are treated as separate derivatives when their risks and characteristics are not closely related to those of the host contracts and when the host contracts are not measured at FVTPL.

An embedded derivative is presented as a non-current asset or a non-current liability if the remaining maturity of the hybrid instrument to which the embedded derivative is part of, is more than 12 months and it is not expected to be realized or settled within 12 months. All other embedded derivatives are presented as current assets or current liabilities.

(ii)

Hedge accounting

The Company designates certain hedging instruments, which include derivatives, embedded derivatives and non-derivatives in respect of foreign currency risk, as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges. Hedges of foreign exchange risk on firm commitments are accounted for as cash flow hedges.

At the inception of the hedge relationship, the entity documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, along with its risk management objectives and its strategy for

F-35

undertaking various hedge transactions. Furthermore, at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, the Company documents whether the hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting changes in fair values or cash flows of the hedged item.

(iii)

Fair value hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recognized in income or loss immediately, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk. The changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument and the change in the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk relating to the hedged items are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the Company revokes the hedging relationship, when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or when it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. The fair value adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item arising from the hedged risk is amortized as income or loss as of that date.

(iv)

Cash flow hedges

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges is recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated under the heading of reverse for gains (loss) on valuation of derivatives. The gain or loss relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in income or loss, and is included in the ‘finance income and expense’.

Amounts previously recognized in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity are reclassified to income or loss in the periods when the hedged item is recognized in income or loss, in the same line of the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as the recognized hedged item. However, when the forecast transaction that is hedged results in the recognition of a non-financial asset or a non-financial liability, the gains and losses previously accumulated in equity are transferred from equity and included in the initial measurement of the cost of the non-financial asset or non-financial liability.

Hedge accounting is discontinued when the Company revokes the hedging relationship, when the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised, or it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting. Any gain or loss accumulated in equity at that time remains in equity and is recognized when the forecast transaction is ultimately recognized in income or loss. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the gain or loss accumulated in equity is recognized immediately in income or loss.

4.	Segment, Geographic and Other Information

(1)

Segment determination and explanation of the measurements

The Company’s operating segments are its business components that generate discrete financial information that is reported to and regularly reviewed by the Company’s the chief operating decision maker, the Chief Executive Officer, for the purpose of resource allocation and assessment of segment performance. The Company’s reportable segments are ‘Transmission and distribution’, ‘Electric power generation (Nuclear)’, ‘Electric power generation (Non-nuclear)’, ‘Plant maintenance & engineering service’ and ‘Others’; others mainly represent the business unit that manages the Company’s foreign operations.

Segment operating profit (loss) is determined the same way that consolidated operating profit is determined under IFRS without any adjustment for corporate allocations. The accounting policies used by each segment are consistent with the accounting policies used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. Segment assets and liabilities are determined based on separate financial statements of the entities instead of on a consolidated basis. There are various transactions between the reportable segments, including sales of property, plant and equipment and so on, that are conducted on an arms-length basis at

F-36

market prices that would be applicable to an independent third-party. For subsidiaries which are in a different segment from that of its immediate parent company, their carrying amount in separate financial statements is eliminated in the consolidating adjustments in the tables below. In addition, consolidation adjustments in the table below include adjustments of the amount of investment in associates and joint ventures from the cost basis amount reflected in segment assets to that determined using equity method in the consolidated financial statements.

(2)

Financial information of the segments for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively, are as follows:


		2013
Segment		Total segment revenue			Intersegment revenue			Revenue from external customers		Depreciation and amortization			Interest income			Interest expense			Income(loss) of associates and joint ventures			Employee benefit expense			Loss on abandonment of property, plant, and equipment		Accretion expense to provisions, net		Operating profit (loss)
		In millions of won
Transmission and distribution	￦		53,367,116			1,069,699			52,297,417		2,660,444			27,187			1,525,166			(2,521	)		206,279			273,785		253,153		549,929
Electric power generation (Nuclear)			6,378,280			6,369,715			8,565		2,724,629			20,994			557,621			(926	)		51,394			—		250,814		325,274
Electric power generation (Non-nuclear)			28,067,093			27,687,112			379,981		1,952,680			50,193			262,076			(40,976	)		73,710			21,842		154,285		735,546
Plant maintenance & engineering service			2,483,670			1,774,577			709,093		72,489			23,473			183			2,180			76,395			—		5,016		248,661
Others			365,968			48,519			317,449		14,086			75,653			50,266			—			1,498			—		32		110,841
Consolidation adjustments			(36,949,622	)		(36,949,622	)		—		(31,953	)		(15,339	)		(13,412	)		—			(24,953	)		—		321		(22,416	)

	￦		53,712,505			—			53,712,505		7,392,375			182,161			2,381,900			(42,243	)		384,323			295,627		663,621		1,947,835

Finance income																														629,542

Finance expense																														(2,931,622	)

Equity method income of associates joint ventures																														(42,243	)

Loss before income tax																													￦	(396,488	)


		2014
Segment		Total segment revenue			Intersegment revenue			Revenue from external customers		Depreciation and amortization			Interest income			Interest expense			Income of associates and joint ventures		Employee benefit expense			Loss on abandonment of property, plant, and equipment		Accretion expense to provisions, net			Operating profit (loss)
		In millions of won
Transmission and distribution	￦		56,982,583			1,445,914			55,536,669		2,717,040			28,798			1,394,131			231,502		8,408			309,442		290,444			2,050,726
Electric power generation (Nuclear)			9,379,564			9,364,451			15,113		2,905,115			21,995			582,353			1,227		42,667			—		719,794			2,544,378
Electric power generation (Non-nuclear)			25,067,653			24,680,221			387,432		2,189,202			30,528			308,731			40,260		38,417			—		147,892			1,385,687
Plant maintenance & engineering service			2,620,713			1,887,954			732,759		70,374			16,033			223			1,995		39,983			—		139,965			335,076
Others			537,578			86,525			451,053		26,983			109,427			79,175			—		1,026			9		33			95,803
Consolidation adjustments			(37,465,065	)		(37,465,065	)		—		(35,255	)		(15,325	)		(12,989	)		—		(9,095	)		—		(2,978	)		(202,600	)

	￦		57,123,026			—			57,123,026		7,873,459			191,456			2,351,624			274,984		121,406			309,451		1,295,150			6,209,070

Finance income																														885,290

Finance expense																														(3,140,038	)

Equity method income of associates joint ventures																														274,984

Loss before income tax																													￦	4,229,306

F-37


		2015
Segment		Total segment revenue			Intersegment revenue			Revenue from external customers		Depreciation and amortization			Interest income			Interest expense			Income(loss) of associates and joint ventures			Employee benefit expense			Loss on abandonment of property, plant, and equipment		Accretion expense to provisions, net		Operating profit (loss)
		In millions of won
Transmission and distribution	￦		58,164,394			1,230,975			56,933,419		2,859,037			132,809			1,092,594			220,406			135,261			359,521		872,096		13,319,310
Electric power generation (Nuclear)			10,642,352			10,596,189			46,163		3,070,828			24,612			532,490			(595	)		54,572			—		401,839		3,806,617
Electric power generation (Non-nuclear)			21,469,345			20,906,081			563,264		2,337,353			22,171			319,647			(10,686	)		74,007			5,305		148,053		2,704,260
Plant maintenance & engineering service			2,533,887			2,016,699			517,188		85,662			12,293			542			(1,746	)		74,542			—		174,912		332,531
Others			672,250			150,557			521,693		27,491			108,104			127,684			—			343			230		34		80,165
Consolidation adjustments			(34,900,501	)		(34,900,501	)		—		(38,987	)		(58,404	)		(57,273	)		—			(24,033	)		—		5,790		37,993

	￦		58,581,727			—			58,581,727		8,341,384			241,585			2,015,684			207,379			314,692			365,056		1,602,724		20,280,876

Finance income																														1,182,988

Finance expense																														(3,015,457	)

Equity method income of associates joint ventures																														207,379

Loss before income tax																													￦	18,655,786

(3)

Information related to segment assets and segment liabilities as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
Segment		Segment assets			Investments in associates and joint ventures		Acquisition of non-current assets			Segment liabilities
		In millions of won
Transmission and distribution	￦		99,719,106			4,173,139		4,979,968			56,338,038
Electric power generation (Nuclear)			49,237,136			1,929		2,211,783			27,588,281
Electric power generation (Non-nuclear)			41,413,556			1,274,761		7,071,376			24,185,126
Plant maintenance & engineering service			2,659,506			58,895		377,055			990,496
Others			5,681,070			—		120,667			2,098,115

Segment totals			198,710,374			5,508,724		14,760,849			111,200,056

Consolidation adjustments:
Elimination of inter-segment amounts			(35,819,662	)		—		(144,726	)		(5,229,275	)
Equity method adjustment			842,865			—		—			—
Deferred taxes			—			—		—			2,907,841
Others			(25,288	)		—		—			4,657

			(35,002,085	)		—		(144,726	)		(2,316,777	)

Consolidated totals	￦		163,708,289			5,508,724		14,616,123			108,883,279

F-38


		2015
Segment		Segment assets			Investments in associates and joint ventures		Acquisition of non- current assets		Segment liabilities
		In millions of won
Transmission and distribution	￦		106,306,250			4,338,888		5,885,919		53,125,589
Electric power generation (Nuclear)			51,043,890			16,385		2,647,304		27,386,113
Electric power generation (Non-nuclear)			44,453,545			1,283,432		5,063,195		25,587,071
Plant maintenance & engineering service			2,990,862			54,825		249,627		1,172,351
Others			5,962,546			—		144,846		2,312,658

Segment totals			210,757,093			5,693,530		13,990,891		109,583,782

Consolidation adjustments:
Elimination of inter-segment amounts			(36,505,833	)		—		146,942		1,339,753
Equity method adjustment			1,050,574			—		—		—
Deferred taxes			—			—		—		(3,603,808	)
Others			(44,475	)		—		—		(4,843	)

			(35,499,734	)		—		146,942		(2,268,898	)

Consolidated totals	￦		175,257,359			5,693,530		14,137,833		107,314,884

(4)

Geographic information

The following information on revenue from external customers and non-current assets is determined by the location of the customers and of the assets:


Geographical unit		Revenue from external customers						*Non-current assets(2)**
Geographical unit		2013		2014		2015		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Domestic	￦		51,314,639		53,893,877		54,351,076		131,876,535		136,053,940		143,788,043
Overseas(*1)			2,397,866		3,229,149		4,230,651		4,474,900		6,542,282		4,526,395

	￦		53,712,505		57,123,026		58,581,727		136,351,435		142,596,222		148,314,438

(*1)

Middle East and other Asian countries make up the majority of overseas revenue and non-current assets.

(*2)

Amount excludes financial assets and deferred tax assets.

(5)

Information on significant customers

There is no individual customer comprising more than 10% of the Company’s revenue for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015.

F-39

5.	Classification of Financial Instruments

(1)

Classification of financial assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		Loans and receivables		Available-for-sale financial assets		Held-to-maturity investments		Derivative assets (using hedge accounting)		Total
		In millions of won
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	￦		—		1,796,300		—		—		—		1,796,300
Current financial assets
Held-to-maturity investments			—		—		—		265		—		265
Derivative assets			6,812		—		—		—		1,409		8,221
Other financial assets			—		167,942		—		—		—		167,942
Trade and other receivables			—		7,697,862		—		—		—		7,697,862

			6,812		9,662,104		—		265		1,409		9,670,590

Non-current assets
Non-current financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets			—		—		715,151		—		—		715,151
Held-to-maturity investments			—		—		—		3,349		—		3,349
Derivative assets			59,037		—		—		—		102,867		161,904
Other financial assets			—		1,160,517		—		—		—		1,160,517
Trade and other receivables			—		1,724,357		—		—		—		1,724,357

			59,037		2,884,874		715,151		3,349		102,867		3,765,278

	￦		65,849		12,546,978		715,151		3,614		104,276		13,435,868

F-40


		2015
		Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss		Loans and receivables		Available-for-sale financial assets		Held-to-maturity investments		Derivative assets (using hedge accounting)		Total
		In millions of won
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	￦		—		3,783,065		—		—		—		3,783,065
Current financial assets
Held-to-maturity investments			—		—		—		381		—		381
Derivative assets			1,498		—		—		—		95,759		97,257
Other financial assets			—		5,237,983		—		—		—		5,237,983
Trade and other receivables			—		7,473,548		—		—		—		7,473,548

			1,498		16,494,596		—		381		95,759		16,592,234

Non-current assets
Non-current financial assets
Available-for-sale financial assets			—		—		584,479		—		—		584,479
Held-to-maturity investments			—		—		—		3,242		—		3,242
Derivative assets			253,510		—		—		—		266,383		519,893
Other financial assets			—		1,387,940		—		—		—		1,387,940
Trade and other receivables			—		1,798,419		—		—		—		1,798,419

			253,510		3,186,359		584,479		3,242		266,383		4,293,973

	￦		255,008		19,680,955		584,479		3,623		362,142		20,886,207

F-41

(2)

Classification of financial liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		Financial liabilities recognized at amortized cost		Derivative liabilities (using hedge accounting)		Total
		In millions of won
Current liabilities
Borrowings	￦		—		1,113,354		—		1,113,354
Debt securities			—		5,991,398		—		5,991,398
Derivative liabilities			56,296		—		1,324		57,620
Trade and other payables			—		6,128,604		—		6,128,604

			56,296		13,233,356		1,324		13,290,976

Non-current liabilities
Borrowings			—		3,475,206		—		3,475,206
Debt securities			—		52,244,369		—		52,244,369
Derivative liabilities			108,635		—		171,551		280,186
Trade and other payables			—		3,806,735		—		3,806,735

			108,635		59,526,310		171,551		59,806,496

	￦		164,931		72,759,666		172,875		73,097,472


		2015
		Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		Financial liabilities recognized at amortized cost		Derivative liabilities (using hedge accounting)		Total
		In millions of won
Current liabilities
Borrowings	￦		—		1,144,027		—		1,144,027
Debt securities			—		6,702,926		—		6,702,926
Derivative liabilities			9,487		—		758		10,245
Trade and other payables			—		4,735,697		—		4,735,697

			9,487		12,582,650		758		12,592,895

Non-current liabilities
Borrowings			—		1,932,259		—		1,932,259
Debt securities			—		48,974,287		—		48,974,287
Derivative liabilities			39,524		—		116,741		156,265
Trade and other payables			—		3,718,435		—		3,718,435

			39,524		54,624,981		116,741		54,781,246

	￦		49,011		67,207,631		117,499		67,374,141

F-42

(3)

Classification of comprehensive income (loss) from financial instruments for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


			2013			2014			2015
			In millions of won
Cash and cash equivalents	Interest income	￦		60,301			56,384			54,687
Available-for-sale financial assets	Dividends income			9,870			14,193			14,069
	Impairment loss on available-for-sale financial assets			(12,592	)		(79,618	)		(84,370	)
	Gain (loss) on disposal of financial assets			(4,202	)		95,365			(3,004	)
	Interest income			1,150			382			29
Held-to-maturity investments	Interest income			64			89			99
Loans and receivables	Interest income			42,418			29,507			28,586
Trade and other receivables	Interest income			60,237			99,680			100,771
Other financial assets	Interest income			1,082			—			—
Short-term financial instruments	Interest income			16,896			5,199			46,921
Long-term financial instruments	Interest income			13			215			10,492
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss	Gain (loss) on valuation of derivatives			335			59,164			220,285
	Gain (loss) on transaction of derivatives			26,889			(24,746	)		8,605
	Gain on disposal of financial assets			196			—			—
Derivative assets (using hedge accounting)	Gain (loss) on valuation of derivatives			(13,945	)		88,809			244,020
	Loss on valuation of derivatives (equity, before tax)(*)			(27,281	)		(60,284	)		(12,572	)
	Gain on transaction of derivatives			29,662			818			2,818
Financial liabilities carried at amortized cost	Interest expense of borrowings and debt securities			(1,715,373	)		(1,664,682	)		(1,392,477	)
	Loss on retirement of financial liabilities			—			(199	)		(33	)
	Interest expense of trade and other payables			(102,388	)		(98,407	)		(84,527	)
	Interest expense of others			(564,139	)		(588,535	)		(538,680	)
	Gain (loss) on foreign currency transactions and translations			133,638			(271,953	)		(708,178	)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss	Gain (loss) on valuation of derivatives			(167,485	)		10,494			35,312
	Loss on transaction of derivatives			(46,639	)		(38,909	)		107,454
Derivative liabilities (using hedge accounting)	Gain (loss) on valuation of derivatives			(65,755	)		51,788			93,914
	Gain (loss) on valuation of derivatives (equity, before tax)(*)			50,197			(76,013	)		9,728
	Gain (loss) on transaction of derivatives			3,454			(4,180	)		(4,288	)

(*)	Items are included in other comprehensive income or loss. All other income and gain amounts listed above are included in finance income, and all expense and loss amounts listed above are included in finance expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss.

F-43

6.	Restricted Deposits

Restricted deposits as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


			2014		2015
			In millions of won
Cash and cash equivalents	Escrow accounts	￦		100		4,828
	Deposits for government project			10,156		5,839
	Collateral provided for borrowings			12,926		6,839
	Collateral provided for lawsuit			367		641
	Deposits for transmission regional support program			—		204
	Pledge			—		740
Short-term financial instruments	Restriction on withdrawal related to ‘win-win growth program’ for small and medium enterprises			5,000		18,000
Long-term financial instruments	Guarantee deposits for checking account			3		2
	Guarantee deposits for banking accounts at oversea branches			312		333
	Pledge			740		—
	Decommissioning costs of nuclear power plants			603,306		652,700
	Collateral provided for borrowings			—		20
	Funds for developing small and medium enterprises(*1)			—		100,000

		￦		632,910		790,146

(*1)

Deposits for small and medium enterprise at IBK for construction of Bitgaram Energy Valley and support for the businesses as of December 31, 2015.

7.	Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Cash	￦		77		109
Cash equivalents			1,154,250		1,309,396
Short-term deposits classified as cash equivalents			340,119		374,575
Short-term investments classified as cash equivalents			301,854		2,098,985

	￦		1,796,300		3,783,065

F-44

8.	Trade and Other Receivables

(1)

Trade and other receivables as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Gross amount		Allowance for doubtful accounts			Present value discount			Book value
		In millions of won
Current assets
Trade receivables	￦		7,243,064		(80,644	)		(94	)		7,162,326
Other receivables			583,991		(46,245	)		(2,210	)		535,536

			7,827,055		(126,889	)		(2,304	)		7,697,862

Non-current assets
Trade receivables			412,222		—			(14	)		412,208
Other receivables			1,341,398		(21,687	)		(7,562	)		1,312,149

			1,753,620		(21,687	)		(7,576	)		1,724,357

	￦		9,580,675		(148,576	)		(9,880	)		9,422,219


		2015
		Gross amount		Allowance for doubtful accounts			Present value discount			Book value
		In millions of won
Current assets
Trade receivables	￦		6,862,762		(51,956	)		(14	)		6,810,792
Other receivables			718,717		(52,778	)		(3,183	)		662,756

			7,581,479		(104,734	)		(3,197	)		7,473,548

Non-current assets
Trade receivables			447,010		—			—			447,010
Other receivables			1,396,107		(38,968	)		(5,730	)		1,351,409

			1,843,117		(38,968	)		(5,730	)		1,798,419

	￦		9,424,596		(143,702	)		(8,927	)		9,271,967

F-45

(2)

Other receivables as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Gross amount		Allowance for doubtful accounts			Present value discount			Book value
		In millions of won
Current assets
Non-trade receivables	￦		257,260		(46,245	)		—			211,015
Accrued income			54,242		—			—			54,242
Deposits			196,537		—			(2,210	)		194,327
Finance lease receivables			8,275		—			—			8,275
Others			67,677		—			—			67,677

			583,991		(46,245	)		(2,210	)		535,536

Non-current assets
Non-trade receivables			117,604		(18,630	)		—			98,974
Accrued income			303		—			—			303
Deposits			267,397		—			(7,562	)		259,835
Finance lease receivables			877,479		—			—			877,479
Others			78,615		(3,057	)		—			75,558

			1,341,398		(21,687	)		(7,562	)		1,312,149

	￦		1,925,389		(67,932	)		(9,772	)		1,847,685


		2015
		Gross amount		Allowance for doubtful accounts			Present value discount			Book value
		In millions of won
Current assets
Non-trade receivables	￦		330,669		(52,778	)		—			277,891
Accrued income			88,256		—			—			88,256
Deposits			235,745		—			(3,183	)		232,562
Finance lease receivables			12,098		—			—			12,098
Others			51,949		—			—			51,949

			718,717		(52,778	)		(3,183	)		662,756

Non-current assets
Non-trade receivables			93,782		(31,829	)		—			61,953
Accrued income			582		—			—			582
Deposits			256,745		—			(5,730	)		251,015
Finance lease receivables			941,710		—			—			941,710
Others			103,288		(7,139	)		—			96,149

			1,396,107		(38,968	)		(5,730	)		1,351,409

	￦		2,114,824		(91,746	)		(8,913	)		2,014,165

Trade and other receivables are classified as loans and receivables, and are measured using the effective interest method. No interest is accrued for trade receivables related to electricity for the duration between the billing date and the payment due dates. But once trade receivables are overdue, the Company imposes a monthly interest rate of 2.0% on the overdue trade receivables. The Company holds deposits of three months’ expected electricity usage for customers requesting temporary usage and customers with past defaulted payments.

F-46

(3)

Aging analysis of trade receivables as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Trade receivables: (not overdue, not impaired)	￦		7,516,233			7,198,403

Trade receivables: (overdue, not impaired)			1,061			891

Less than 60 days			1,061			891

Trade receivables: (impairment reviewed)			137,992			110,478

60 ~ 90 days			31,438			31,973
90 ~ 120 days			12,045			11,010
120 days ~ 1 year			42,736			35,097
Over 1 year			51,773			32,398

			7,655,286			7,309,772

Less allowance for doubtful accounts			(80,644	)		(51,956	)
Less present value discount			(108	)		(14	)

	￦		7,574,534			7,257,802

The Company assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any objective evidence that trade receivables are impaired, and provides allowances for doubtful accounts which includes impairment for trade receivables that are individually significant.

The Company considers receivables as overdue if the receivables are outstanding 60 days after the maturity and sets an allowance based on past experience of collection.

(4)

Aging analysis of other receivables as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Other receivables: (not overdue, not impaired)	￦		1,729,808			1,918,132

Other receivables: (overdue, not impaired)			58,778			20,249

Less than 60 days			58,778			20,249

Other receivables: (impairment reviewed)			136,803			176,443

60 ~ 90 days			1,132			2,409
90 ~ 120 days			2,242			10,097
120 days ~ 1 year			18,857			21,433
Over 1 year			114,572			142,504

			1,925,389			2,114,824

Less allowance for doubtful accounts			(67,932	)		(91,746	)
Less present value discount			(9,772	)		(8,913	)

	￦		1,847,685			2,014,165

(5)

Changes in the allowance for doubtful accounts for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013						2014						2015
		Trade receivables			Other receivables			Trade receivables			Other receivables			Trade receivables			Other receivables
		In millions of won
Beginning balance	￦		47,312			225,078			65,024			69,887			80,644			67,932
Bad debt expense			40,446			8,665			39,018			15,981			1,308			18,473
Write-off			(22,734	)		(4,227	)		(23,398	)		(7,534	)		(28,978	)		(888	)
Reversal			—			—			—			(241	)		(1,018	)		(413	)
Others			—			(159,629	)		—			(10,161	)		—			6,642

Ending balance	￦		65,024			69,887			80,644			67,932			51,956			91,746

F-47

9.	Available-for-sale Financial Assets

(1)

Changes in available-for-sale financial assets for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal			Valuation			Impairment			Others			Ending Balance
	In millions of won
Listed:
Korea District Heating Corp.	￦		194,710		—		—			(67,469	)		(40,300	)		40,300			127,241
LG Uplus Corporation(*1)			412,901		—		(299,593	)		1,344			—			(114,652	)		—
Kwanglim Co., Ltd.			150		—		—			(22	)		(22	)		22			128
Ssangyong Motor Co., Ltd.			291		—		—			66			—			—			357
Sungjee Construction. Co., Ltd.			7		—		—			(2	)		(2	)		2			5
Korea Line Corp.			—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Namkwang Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.			5		—		—			(3	)		(11	)		11			2
Pumyang Construction Co., Ltd.			3		—		—			(2	)		—			(1	)		—
ELCOMTEC Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			(168	)		(168	)		384			48
PAN ocean Co., Ltd.			—		—					(9	)		(9	)		23			5
Borneo International Furniture Co., Ltd.			—		—					(1	)		—			5			4
TONGYANG Inc.			—		—		—			32			—			34			66
TONGYANG networks Inc.			—		—		—			—			—			3			3
PT Adaro Energy Tbk			45,204		—		—			(1,095	)		(27,449	)		27,449			44,109
Energy Fuels Inc.			10,307		—		—			1,617			—			(356	)		11,568
Cockatoo Coal Limited			1,875		—		—			(1,241	)		(977	)		971			628
Denison Mines Corp.			74,498		—		—			(8,892	)		—			(3,267	)		62,339
Fission 3.0			—		94		—			(45	)		—			12			61
Fission Uranium Corp.			848		—		—			(160	)		—			(37	)		651

			740,799		94		(299,593	)		(76,050	)		(68,938	)		(49,097	)		247,215

Unlisted:
Byucksan Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.			1		—		—			—			(1	)		—			—
Dongyang Engineering & Construction Corp.			5		—		—			—			(5	)		—			—
K&C—Gyeongnam youth job creation Investment Fund			1,340		—		—			—			—			—			1,340
Women’s Venture Fund(*1)			780		—		(780	)		—			—			—			—
Hanwha Electric Power Venture Fund			1,804		—		—			—			—			—			1,804
Korea Investment—Korea EXIM Bank CERs Private Special Asset Investment Trust I(*1)			6,803		—		(2,051	)		—			—			—			4,752
Troika Overseas Resource Development Private Equity Firm			10,664		2,676		—			—			—			—			13,340
IBK-AUCTUS Green Growth Private Equity Firm(*1)			6,054		—		(126	)		—			(3,603	)		—			2,325
Global Dynasty Overseas Resource Development Private Equity Firm			1,517		716		—			—			—			—			2,233
Intellectual Discovery, Ltd.			5,000		—		—			—			—			—			5,000
Hanwha-KOSEP New Renewable Energy Private Special Assets Investment Trust 1			—		498		—			—			—			—			498
Construction Guarantee			790		—		—			5			—			—			795

F-48


		2014
		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal			Valuation			Impairment			Others			Ending Balance
	In millions of won
Plant & Mechanical Contractors Financial Cooperative of Korea	￦		36		—		—			—			—			—			36
Fire Guarantee			20		—		—			—			—			—			20
Korea Software Financial Cooperative			301		—		—			—			—			—			301
Engineering Financial Cooperative			60		—		—			—			—			—			60
Electric Contractors Financial Cooperative			152		—		—			—			—			—			152
Korea Specialty Contractor Financial Cooperative			417		—		—			—			—			—			417
Information & Communication Financial Cooperative			10		—		—			—			—			—			10
Korea Electric Engineers Association(*1)			61		—		(21	)		—			—			—			40
Hwan Young Steel Co., Ltd.			97		—		—			—			—			—			97
Woobang ENC Co., Ltd			22		—		—			—			—			—			22
Dongnam Co., Ltd.			72		—		—			—			—			—			72
SAMBO AUTO. Co., Ltd.			38		—		—			—			—			—			38
Mobo Co., Ltd.			14		—		—			—			—			—			14
Poonglim Industrial Co., Ltd.			78		—		—			—			—			—			78
HANKOOK Silicon Co., Ltd.			7,513		—		—			—			—			—			7,513
Kun Young Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.			5		—		—			—			—			—			5
Pumyang Asset Management Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			3			3
Dae Kwang Semiconductor Co., Ltd.			6		—		—			—			—			—			6
Sanbon Department Store			124		—		—			—			—			—			124
Woori Ascon Co., Ltd.			10		—		—			—			—			—			10
Miju Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd.			51		—		—			—			—			—			51
Ginseng K Co., Ltd.			8		—		—			—			(8	)		—			—
BnB Sungwon Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			15			15
Hana Civil Engineering Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			1			1
KC Development Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			6			6
IMHWA Corp.			—		—		—			—			—			5			5
IXELON Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			23			23
DAIM Special Vehicle Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			10			10
ASA KIMJE Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			465			465
ASA JEONJU Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			697			697
KYUNGWON Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			14			14
Moonkyung Silica Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Yousung Remicon Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			4			4
Sungkwang Timber Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			4			4
Yongbo Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			3			3
Korea Bio Fuel Co., Ltd.(*1)			1,500		—		(1,500	)		—			—			—			—
3I Power			1,486		—		—			—			(1,482	)		(4	)		—
Areva nc Expansion			248,292		—		—			—			—			(20,416	)		227,876
Green & Sustainable Energy			13		—		—			—			(13	)		—			—
Kanan Hydroelectric			17		—		—			—			(17	)		—			—
Navanakorn Electric Co., Ltd.			16,163		—		—			—			—			673			16,836
PT. Kedap Saayq			18,540		—		—			—			(5,551	)		—			12,989
Set Holding			170,514		—		—			(2,682	)		—			—			167,832
Siam Solar Power(*1)			933		—		(933	)		—			—			—			—

			501,311		3,890		(5,411	)		(2,677	)		(10,680	)		(18,497	)		467,936

F-49


		2014
		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal			Valuation			Impairment			Others			Ending Balance
	In millions of won
Debt security:
Ambre Energy Limited(*1)	￦		14,655		—		(14,655	)		—			—			—			—

			14,655		—		(14,655	)		—			—			—			—

	￦		1,256,765		3,984		(319,659	)		(78,727	)		(79,618	)		(67,594	)		715,151

(*1)

The Company recognized gain and loss on disposal of available-for-sale financial assets amounting to ￦98,065 million and ￦2,700 million, respectively, from the sales of shares of LG Uplus Corp., Korea Investment—Korea EXIM Bank CERs Private Special Asset Investment Trust, Korea Bio Fuel Co., Ltd., Ambre Energy Limited and others and from the liquidation of Women’s Venture Fund for the year ended December 31, 2014.

F-50


		2015
		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal			Valuation			Impairment			Others			Ending Balance
		In millions of won
Listed:
Korea District Heating Corp.	￦		127,241		—		—			3,169			—			—			130,410
Kwanglim Co., Ltd.			128		—		—			134			—			—			262
Ssangyong Motor Co., Ltd.			357		—		—			(58	)		—			—			299
Sungjee Construction. Co., Ltd.			5		—		—			—			—			—			5
Korea Line Corp.			—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Namkwang Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.			2		—		—			(3	)		—			2			1
Pumyang Construction Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			—			—
ELCOMTEC Co., Ltd.			48		—		—			5			—			—			53
PAN ocean Co., Ltd.			5		—		—			1			—			—			6
Borneo International Furniture Co., Ltd.			4		—		—			7			—			92			103
TONGYANG Inc.			66		—		—			140			—			11			217
TONGYANG networks Inc.			3		—		—			3			—			—			6
Nexolon Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			59			—			3,137			3,196
PT Adaro Energy Tbk			44,109		—		—			(23,097	)		(23,206	)		23,206			21,012
Energy Fuels Inc.			11,568		—		—			(4,866	)		(9,391	)		8,615			5,926
Cockatoo Coal Limited			628		—		—			(572	)		(572	)		558			42
Denison Mines Corp.			62,339		—		—			(22,187	)		(20,154	)		14,459			34,457
Fission 3.0(*1)			61		—		(57	)		11			—			15			30
Fission Uranium Corp.			651		—		—			(28	)		—			(69	)		554

			247,215		—		(57	)		(47,282	)		(53,323	)		50,026			196,579

Unlisted:
K&C—Gyeongnam youth job creation Investment Fund(*1)			1,340		—		(133	)		—			—			—			1,207
Hanwha Electric Power Venture Fund(*1)			1,804		—		(1,804	)		—			—			—			—
Korea Investment—Korea EXIM Bank CERs Private Special Asset Investment Trust I(*1)			4,752		—		(3,000	)		—			(1,181	)		—			571
Troika Overseas Resource Development Private Equity Firm			13,340		—		—			—			(11,787	)		—			1,553
IBK-AUCTUS Green Growth Private Equity firm(*1)			2,325		—		(1,470	)		—			—			—			855
Global Dynasty Overseas Resource Development Private Equity Firm			2,233		—		—			—			—			—			2,233
Intellectual Discovery, Ltd.			5,000		—		—			—			(3,625	)		—			1,375
Hanwha-KOSEP New Renewable Energy Private Special Assets Investment Trust 1(*1)			498		802		(231	)		—			—			—			1,069
Construction Guarantee			795		—		—			10			—			—			805
Plant & Mechanical Contractors Financial Cooperative of Korea			36		—		—			—			—			—			36
Fire Guarantee			20		—		—			—			—			—			20
Korea Software Financial Cooperative			301		—		—			—			—			—			301
Engineering Financial Cooperative			60		—		—			—			—			—			60
Electric Contractors Financial Cooperative			152		—		—			—			—			—			152
Korea Specialty Contractor Financial Cooperative			417		—		—			—			—			—			417
Information & Communication Financial Cooperative			10		—		—			—			—			—			10

F-51


		2015
		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal		Valuation		Impairment			Others		Ending Balance
		In millions of won
Korea Electric Engineers Association	￦		40		—		—		—		—			—		40
Hwan Young Steel Co., Ltd.			97		—		—		—		—			—		97
Woobang ENC Co., Ltd			22		—		—		—		—			—		22
Dongnam Co., Ltd.			72		—		—		—		—			—		72
SAMBO AUTO. Co., Ltd.			38		—		—		—		—			—		38
Mobo Co., Ltd.			14		—		—		—		—			—		14
Poonglim Industrial Co., Ltd.			78		—		—		—		—			15		93
HANKOOK Silicon Co., Ltd.			7,513		—		—		—		—			—		7,513
Kun Young Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.			5		—		—		—		—			—		5
Pumyang Asset Management Co., Ltd.			3		—		—		—		—			—		3
Dae Kwang Semiconductor Co., Ltd.			6		—		—		—		—			—		6
Sanbon Department Store			124		—		—		—		(121	)		—		3
Woori Ascon Co., Ltd.			10		—		—		—		—			—		10
Miju Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd.			51		—		—		—		—			—		51
BnB Sungwon Co., Ltd.			15		—		—		—		—			—		15
Hana Civil Engineering Co., Ltd.			1		—		—		—		—			—		1
KC Development Co., Ltd.			6		—		—		—		—			—		6
IMHWA Corp.			5		—		—		—		—			—		5
IXELON Co., Ltd.			23		—		—		—		(23	)		—		—
DAIM Special Vehicle Co., Ltd.			10		—		—		—		—			—		10
ASA KIMJE Co., Ltd.			465		—		—		—		(465	)		—		—
ASA JEONJU Co., Ltd.			697		—		—		—		(628	)		—		69
KYUNGWON Co., Ltd.			14		—		—		—		—			—		14
Moonkyung Silica Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			—		—
Yousung Remicon Co., Ltd.			4		—		—		—		—			—		4
Sungkwang Timber Co., Ltd.			4		—		—		—		—			—		4
Yongbo Co., Ltd.			3		—		—		—		—			—		3
HJ Steel Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			2		2
Ildong Air Conditioning Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		(2	)		2		—
KS Remicon Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			3		3
Sewoong Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			40		40
SIN-E Steel Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			33		33
Joongang Platec Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			72		72
Hangjin Steel Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		(116	)		116		—
Pyungsan SI Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			9		9
Samgong Development Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			7		7
Joongang Development Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			8		8
AJS Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			32		32
SET&C Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			10		10
MSE Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			9		9
Ilrim Nano Tec Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			15		15
Kwang Myeong Electronics Technology Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			11		11
Youngjin Hi-Tech Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		(105	)		126		21
Dong Woo International Co., Ltd.											—			18		18
Bench Mark Construction Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			—		—
Buyoung Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			3		3
Ilsuk Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			10		10
Dongyang Telecom Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			11		11
Han Young Construction Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			3		3
Jongwon Remicon Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			13		13
Ace Heat Treating Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—		—			72		72

F-52


		2015
		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal			Valuation			Impairment			Others			Ending Balance
		In millions of won
Zyle Daewoo Motor Sales Co., Ltd.	￦		—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Daewoo Development Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Daewoo Songdo Development Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			(2	)		2			—
Seyang Inc.			—		—		—			—			—			27			27
Seungri Enterprise Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			3			3
Onggane Food Co., Ltd			—		—		—			—			—			1			1
Shin-E P&C Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			1			1
Montista Telecom Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			(3	)		3			—
Ejung Ad Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—						3			3
Solvus Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			3			3
Myung Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			2			2
Emotion Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			8			8
Youngdong Concrete Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			7			7
Shinil Engineering Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			3			3
Korea Castiron Industrial Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			22			22
FFG DMC Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			17			17
Daeseong Metal Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			47			47
Biwang Industry Co., Ltd			—		—		—			—			—			2			2
Huimun Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			4			4
Sunun IT F Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			8			8
Young Sung Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			27			27
Yuil Industrial Electronics Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			16			16
DN TEK Inc.			—		—		—			—			—			62			62
Daeyang FMS Corporation			—		—		—			—			—			3			3
Kwang Jin Structure Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			31			31
Woojin Industry Corporation			—		—		—			—			—			16			16
Kwang Sung Industry Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			7			7
Matsaeng Food Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			6			6
Futech Mold Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			14			14
Samcheonri Industrial Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			13			13
Woojoo Environment Ind. Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			13			13
Cheongatti Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			4			4
Hyungji Esquire Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			21			21
Kolmar Pharma Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			52			52
Morado Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			2			2
Myung Sung Tex Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			2			2
Areva nc Expansion			227,876		—		—			—			—			(57,758	)		170,118
Navanakorn Electric Co., Ltd.			16,836		—		—			—			—			1,115			17,951
PT. Kedap Saayq			12,989		—		—			—			(12,989	)		—			—
Set Holding			167,832		—		—			11,753			—			—			179,585
PT. Cirebon Energi Prasarana			—		635		—			—			—			—			635

			467,936		1,437		(6,638	)		11,763			(31,047	)		(55,551	)		387,900

	￦		715,151		1,437		(6,695	)		(35,519	)		(84,370	)		(5,525	)		584,479

(*1)

The Company recognized gain and loss on disposal of available-for-sale financial assets amounting to ￦4 million and ￦3,008 million, respectively, from the sales of shares of Fission 3.0, K&C—Gyeongnam Youth Job Creation Investment Fund, Korea Investment—Korea EXIM Bank CERs Private Special Asset Investment Trust 1, IBK-AUCTUS Green Growth Private Equity Firm and others and from the liquidation of Hanwha Electric Power Venture fund for the year ended December 31, 2015.

F-53

(2)

Available-for-sale financial assets of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


	2014
	Shares		Ownership				Historical cost		Book value		Fair value
	In millions of won
Listed
Korea District Heating Corp.		2,264,068		19.55	%	￦		173,201		127,241		127,241
Kwanglim Co., Ltd.		84,515		0.44	%			386		128		128
Ssangyong Motor Co., Ltd.		38,568		0.03	%			428		357		357
Sungjee Construction. Co., Ltd.		1,053		0.01	%			49		5		5
Korea Line Corp.		18		0.00	%			1		—		—
Namkwang Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.		559		0.01	%			12		2		2
Pumyang Construction Co., Ltd.		7		0.00	%			2		—		—
ELCOMTEC Co., Ltd.		32,875		0.04	%			217		48		48
PAN ocean Co., Ltd.		1,866		0.00	%			14		5		5
Borneo International Furniture Co., Ltd.		2,607		0.01	%			5		4		4
TONGYANG Inc.		73,364		0.03	%			33		66		66
TONGYANG networks Inc.		4,422		0.01	%			3		3		3
PT Adaro Energy Tbk		480,000,000		1.50	%			71,554		44,109		44,109
Energy Fuels Inc.		1,711,814		8.70	%			16,819		11,568		11,568
Cockatoo Coal Limited		49,881,423		1.10	%			18,445		628		628
Denison Mines Corp.		58,284,000		11.52	%			84,134		62,339		62,339
Fission 3.0		800,000		0.51	%			—		61		61
Fission Uranium Corp.		800,000		0.22	%			785		651		651

								366,088		247,215		247,215

*Unlisted(1)**
Byucksan Engineering & Construction Co.,Ltd.		272		0.00	%			5		—		—
Dongyang Engineering & Construction Corp.		1,276		0.01	%			5		—		—
K&C—Gyeongnam youth job creation Investment Fund		27		10.00	%			1,340		1,340		—
Hanwha Electric Power Venture Fund		2,196		16.40	%			1,804		1,804		—
Korea Investment—Korea EXIM Bank CERs Private Special Asset Investment Trust I		4,770,837,919		14.18	%			4,752		4,752		—
Troika Overseas Resource Development Private Equity Firm		13,340,012,100		3.66	%			13,340		13,340		—
IBK-AUCTUS Green Growth Private Equity firm		703		6.30	%			5,928		2,325		—
Global Dynasty Overseas Resource Development Private Equity Firm		2,233,407,439		7.46	%			2,233		2,233		—
Intellectual Discovery, Ltd.		1,000,000		8.81	%			5,000		5,000		—
Hanwha-KOSEP New Renewable Energy Private Special Assets Investment Trust 1		497,650,000		5.00	%			498		498		—
Construction Guarantee(*2)		571		0.02	%			601		795		795
Plant & Mechanical Contractors Financial Cooperative of Korea		50		0.01	%			36		36		—
Fire Guarantee		40		0.02	%			20		20		—
Korea Software Financial Cooperative		301		0.15	%			301		301		—
Engineering Financial Cooperative		528		0.10	%			60		60		—
Electric Contractors Financial Cooperative		800		0.03	%			152		152		—
Korea Specialty Contractor Financial Cooperative		476		0.01	%			417		417		—
Information & Communication Financial Cooperative		70		0.01	%			10		10		—

F-54


	2014
	Shares		Ownership			Historical cost		Book value		Fair value
	In millions of won
Korea Electric Engineers Association		400		0.26%	￦		40		40		—
Hwan Young Steel Co., Ltd.		10,916		0.14%			1,092		97		—
Woobang ENC Co., Ltd		14		0.00%			22		22		—
Dongnam Co., Ltd.		2,070		0.46%			72		72		—
SAMBO AUTO. Co., Ltd.		15,066		0.02%			38		38		—
Mobo Co., Ltd.		504		0.00%			14		14		—
Poonglim Industrial Co., Ltd.		1,555		0.01%			78		78		—
HANKOOK Silicon Co., Ltd.		7,513,022		10.44%			7,513		7,513		—
Kun Young Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.		100		0.00%			5		5		—
Pumyang Asset Management Co., Ltd.		13		0.00%			3		3		—
Dae Kwang Semiconductor Co., Ltd.		589		0.07%			6		6		—
Sanbon Department Store		828		0.01%			124		124		—
Woori Ascon Co., Ltd.		25		0.34%			10		10		—
Miju Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd.		99,804		0.23%			51		51		—
Ginseng K Co., Ltd.		7,415		0.00%			7		—		—
BnB Sungwon Co., Ltd.		589		0.01%			15		15		—
Hana Civil Engineering Co., Ltd.		23		0.00%			1		1		—
KC Development Co., Ltd.		839		0.02%			6		6		—
IMHWA Corp.		329		0.11%			5		5		—
IXELON Co., Ltd.		2,292		0.02%			23		23		—
DAIM Special Vehicle Co., Ltd.		58		0.08%			10		10		—
ASA KIMJE Co., Ltd.		23,245		1.11%			465		465		—
ASA JEONJU Co., Ltd.		34,846		1.34%			697		697		—
KYUNGWON Co., Ltd.		2,812		0.17%			14		14		—
Moonkyung Silica Co., Ltd.		42		0.56%			—		—		—
Yousung Remicon Co., Ltd.		8		0.26%			4		4		—
Sungkwang Timber Co., Ltd.		9		0.34%			4		4		—
Yongbo Co., Ltd.		61		0.20%			3		3		—
3I Power		448,501		15.00%			1,121		—		—
Areva nc Expansion		1,077,124		13.49%			288,443		227,876		—
Green & Sustainable Energy		550		0.00%			3		—		—
Kanan Hydroelectric		734		19.58%			5		—		—
Navanakorn Electric Co., Ltd.(*3)		4,442,800		29.00%			16,646		16,836		—
PT. Kedap Saayq		671		10.00%			18,540		12,989		—
Set Holding(*4)		1,100,220		2.50%			229,255		167,832		167,832

							600,837		467,936		168,627

					￦		966,925		715,151		415,842

(*1)	Book values of unlisted equity securities held by the Company were measured at cost as a quoted market price does not exist in an active market and its fair value cannot be measured reliably.

(*2)

The Company has estimated the fair value of the investment in Construction Guarantee based upon the price which would be applied when the investment is returned. The Company has recognized the difference between its fair value and book value as a gain or loss on valuation of available-for-sale financial assets in other comprehensive income or loss during the year ended December 31, 2014.

(*3)	Although the Company holds more than 20% of the equity shares of these investments, the Company cannot exercise significant influence.

(*4)

The Company has estimated the fair value of Set Holding by using the discounted cash flow method and has recognized the difference between its fair value and book value as gain or loss on valuation of available-for-sale financial assets in other comprehensive income or loss during the year ended December 31, 2014.

F-55


	2015
	Shares		Ownership				Historical cost		Book value		Fair value
	In millions of won
Listed
Korea District Heating Corp.		2,264,068		19.55	%	￦		173,201		130,410		130,410
Kwanglim Co., Ltd.		84,515		0.44	%			386		262		262
Ssangyong Motor Co., Ltd.		38,568		0.03	%			428		299		299
Sungjee Construction. Co., Ltd.		1,053		0.01	%			49		5		5
Korea Line Corp.		18		0.00	%			1		—		—
Namkwang Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.		232		0.00	%			15		1		1
Pumyang Construction Co., Ltd.		7		0.00	%			2		—		—
ELCOMTEC Co., Ltd.		32,875		0.04	%			217		53		53
PAN ocean Co., Ltd.		1,492		0.00	%			14		6		6
Borneo International Furniture Co., Ltd.		64,037		0.28	%			97		103		103
TONGYANG Inc.		78,511		0.03	%			45		217		217
TONGYANG networks Inc.		4,422		0.01	%			3		6		6
Nexolon Co., Ltd.		3,665,367		2.59	%			3,138		3,196		3,196
PT Adaro Energy Tbk		480,000,000		1.50	%			71,554		21,012		21,012
Energy Fuels Inc.		1,711,814		3.79	%			16,819		5,926		5,926
Cockatoo Coal Limited		49,881,423		0.07	%			18,445		42		42
Denison Mines Corp.		58,284,000		11.24	%			84,134		34,457		34,457
Fission 3.0		300,000		0.17	%			—		30		30
Fission Uranium Corp.		800,000		0.21	%			785		554		554

								369,333		196,579		196,579

*Unlisted (1)**
K&C—Gyeongnam youth job creation Investment Fund		24		10.00	%			1,207		1,207		—
Korea Investment—Korea EXIM Bank CERs Private Special Asset Investment Trust I		1,758,731,002		14.18	%			1,752		571		—
Troika Overseas Resource Development Private Equity Firm		13,340,012,100		3.66	%			13,340		1,553		—
IBK-AUCTUS Green Growth Private Equity firm		233		6.30	%			855		855		—
Global Dynasty Overseas Resource Development Private Equity Firm		2,233,407,439		7.46	%			2,233		2,233		—
Intellectual Discovery, Ltd.		1,000,000		8.81	%			5,000		1,375		—
Hanwha-KOSEP New Renewable Energy Private Special Assets Investment Trust 1		1,069,432,095		5.00	%			1,069		1,069		—
Construction Guarantee (*2)		571		0.02	%			601		805		805
Plant & Mechanical Contractors Financial Cooperative of Korea		50		0.01	%			36		36		—
Fire Guarantee		40		0.02	%			20		20		—
Korea Software Financial Cooperative		301		0.15	%			301		301		—
Engineering Financial Cooperative		528		0.10	%			60		60		—
Electric Contractors Financial Cooperative		800		0.03	%			152		152		—
Korea Specialty Contractor Financial Cooperative		476		0.01	%			417		417		—
Information & Communication Financial Cooperative		70		0.01	%			10		10		—
Korea Electric Engineers Association		400		0.26	%			40		40		—
Hwan Young Steel Co., Ltd.		10,916		0.14	%			1,092		97		—
Woobang ENC Co., Ltd		14		0.00	%			22		22		—
Dongnam Co., Ltd.		2,070		0.46	%			72		72		—
SAMBO AUTO. Co., Ltd.		15,066		0.02	%			38		38		—
Mobo Co., Ltd.		504		0.00	%			14		14		—
Poonglim Industrial Co., Ltd.		1,915		0.01	%			93		93		—
HANKOOK Silicon Co., Ltd.		7,513,022		10.44	%			7,513		7,513		—

F-56


	2015
	Shares		Ownership				Historical cost		Book value		Fair value
	In millions of won
Kun Young Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.		100		0.00	%	￦		5		5		—
Pumyang Asset Management Co., Ltd.		13		0.00	%			3		3		—
Dae Kwang Semiconductor Co., Ltd.		589		0.07	%			6		6		—
Sanbon Department Store		828		0.01	%			124		3		—
Woori Ascon Co., Ltd.		25		0.34	%			10		10		—
Miju Steel Mfg. Co., Ltd.		99,804		0.23	%			51		51		—
BnB Sungwon Co., Ltd.		589		0.07	%			15		15		—
Hana Civil Engineering Co., Ltd.		23		0.00	%			1		1		—
KC Development Co., Ltd.		839		0.02	%			6		6		—
IMHWA Corp.		329		0.11	%			5		5		—
IXELON Co., Ltd.		2,292		0.02	%			23		—		—
DAIM Special Vehicle Co., Ltd.		58		0.08	%			10		10		—
ASA KIMJE Co., Ltd.		23,245		1.11	%			465		—		—
ASA JEONJU Co., Ltd.		34,846		1.34	%			697		69		—
KYUNGWON Co., Ltd.		2,812		0.17	%			14		14		—
Moonkyung Silica Co., Ltd.		42		0.56	%			—		—		—
Yousung Remicon Co., Ltd.		8		0.26	%			4		4		—
Sungkwang Timber Co., Ltd.		9		0.34	%			4		4		—
Yongbo Co., Ltd.		61		0.20	%			3		3		—
HJ Steel Co., Ltd.		218		0.07	%			2		2		—
Ildong Air Conditioning Co., Ltd.		218		0.16	%			3		—		—
KS Remicon Co., Ltd.		12		0.04	%			3		3		—
Sewoong Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.		7,931		0.10	%			40		40		—
SIN-E Steel Co., Ltd.		109		0.08	%			33		33		—
Joongang Platec Co., Ltd.		3,591		0.75	%			72		72		—
Hangjin Steel Co., Ltd.		116		1.08	%			116		—		—
Pyungsan SI Ltd.		434		0.01	%			9		9		—
Samgong Development Co., Ltd.		12		0.01	%			7		7		—
Joongang Development Co., Ltd.		540		0.12	%			8		8		—
AJS Co., Ltd.		12,906		0.23	%			32		32		—
SET&C Co., Ltd.		119		0.13	%			10		10		—
MSE Co., Ltd.		429		0.13	%			9		9		—
Ilrim Nano Tec Co., Ltd.		1,520		0.07	%			15		15		—
Kwang Myeong Electronics Technology Co., Ltd.		113		0.37	%			11		11		—
Youngjin Hi-Tech Co., Ltd.		2,512		0.25	%			126		21		—
Dong Woo International Co., Ltd.		90		0.37	%			18		18		—
Bench Mark Construction Co., Ltd.		2		0.00	%			—		—		—
Buyoung Co., Ltd.		270		0.00	%			3		3		—
Ilsuk Co., Ltd.		152		0.17	%			10		10		—
Dongyang Telecom Co., Ltd.		1,760		0.01	%			11		11		—
Han Young Construction Co., Ltd.		35		0.03	%			3		3		—
Jongwon Remicon Co., Ltd.		31		0.18	%			13		13		—
Ace Heat Treating Co., Ltd.		477		1.43	%			72		72		—
Zyle Daewoo Motor Sales Co., Ltd.		22		0.00	%			—		—		—
Daewoo Development Co., Ltd.		8		0.00	%			—		—		—
Daewoo Songdo Development Co., Ltd.		301		0.00	%			2		—		—
Seyang Inc.		537		0.05	%			27		27		—
Seungri Enterprise Co., Ltd.		93		0.05	%			3		3		—
Onggane Food Co., Ltd		5		0.07	%			1		1		—
Shin-E P&C Co., Ltd.		12		0.00	%			1		1		—
Montista Telecom Co., Ltd.		5,409		0.00	%			3		—		—
Ejung Ad Co., Ltd.		132		0.09	%			3		3		—
Solvus Co., Ltd.		1,056		0.04	%			3		3		—
Myung Co., Ltd.		89		0.05	%			2		2		—

F-57


	2015
	Shares		Ownership				Historical cost		Book value		Fair value
	In millions of won
Emotion Co., Ltd.		167		0.61%	￦			8		8		—
Youngdong Concrete Co., Ltd.		32		0.32%				7		7		—
Shinil Engineering Co., Ltd.		887		0.06%				3		3		—
Korea Castiron Industrial Co., Ltd.		617		1.86%				22		22		—
FFG DMC Co., Ltd.		12		0.00%				17		17		—
Daeseong Metal Co., Ltd.		518		2.37%				47		47		—
Biwang Industry Co., Ltd		406		0.04%				2		2		—
Huimun Co., Ltd.		263		0.26%				4		4		—
Sunun IT F Co., Ltd.		133		0.52%				8		8		—
Young Sung Co., Ltd.		89		0.40%				27		27		—
Yuil Industrial Electronics Co., Ltd.		804		0.32%				16		16		—
DN TEK Inc.		12,401		0.29%				62		62		—
Daeyang FMS Corporation		84		0.05%				3		3		—
Kwang Jin Structure Co., Ltd.		3,072		0.60%				31		31		—
Woojin Industry Corporation		3		0.00%				16		16		—
Kwang Sung Industry Co., Ltd.		325		0.35%				7		7		—
Matsaeng Food Co., Ltd.		277		0.56%				6		6		—
Futech Mold Co., Ltd.		274		0.27%				14		14		—
Samcheonri Industrial Co., Ltd.		533		0.98%				13		13		—
Woojoo Environment Ind. Co., Ltd.		101		0.11%				13		13		—
Cheongatti Co., Ltd.		57		0.10%				4		4		—
Hyungji Esquire Co., Ltd.		52		0.02%				21		21		—
Kolmar Pharma Co., Ltd.		1,426		0.01%				52		52		—
Morado Co., Ltd.		209		0.04%				2		2		—
Myung Sung Tex Co., Ltd.		20		0.00%				2		2		—
Areva nc Expansion		1,077,124		13.49%				288,443		170,118		—
Navanakorn Electric Co., Ltd. (*3)		4,442,800		29.00%				16,646		17,951		—
PT. Kedap Saayq		671		10.00%				18,540		—		—
Set Holding (*4)		1,100,220		2.50%				229,255		179,585		179,585
PT. Cirebon Energi Prasarana		420		10.00%				635		635		—

								591,980		387,900		180,390

						￦		961,313		584,479		376,969

(*1)	Book values of unlisted equity securities held by the Company were measured at cost as a quoted market price does not exist in an active market and its fair value cannot be measured reliably.

(*2)

(*3)	Although the Company holds more than 20% of the equity shares of these investments, the Company cannot exercise significant influence.

(*4)

F-58

10.

Held-to-maturity Investments

Held-to-maturity investments as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal			Impairment		Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Government bonds	￦		2,268		2,351		(1,018	)		—		—			3,601
Municipal bonds			13		—		—			—		—			13

	￦		2,281		2,351		(1,018	)		—		—			3,614

Current	￦		168		—		(777	)		—		874			265
Non-current			2,113		2,351		(241	)		—		(874	)		3,349


		2015
		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal			Impairment		Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Government bonds	￦		3,601		432		(410	)		—		—			3,623
Municipal bonds			13		—		—			—		(13	)		—

	￦		3,614		432		(410	)		—		(13	)		3,623

Current	￦		265		—		(186	)		—		301			380
Non-current			3,349		432		(224	)		—		(314	)		3,243

11.

Derivatives

(1)

Derivatives as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014				2015
		Current		Non-current		Current		Non-current
		In millions of won
Derivative assets
Currency forward	￦		182		7,233		1,498		24,896
Currency swap			8,039		151,934		95,759		491,219
Interest rate swap			—		2,737		—		3,778

	￦		8,221		161,904		97,257		519,893

Derivative liabilities
Currency forward	￦		466		—		1,142		—
Currency swap			53,697		196,273		758		66,976
Interest rate swap			3,457		83,913		8,345		89,289

	￦		57,620		280,186		10,245		156,265

F-59

(2)

Currency forward contracts which are not designated as hedge instruments, as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


Counterparty	Contract Date		Maturity date	Contract amount					Contract exchange rate
Counterparty	Contract Date		Maturity date	Pay			Receive		Contract exchange rate
	In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
KEB Hana Bank		2014.04.10	2021.07.12	￦		55,120	USD	52,000		1,060.00
KEB Hana Bank		2014.04.28	2021.07.12			50,784	USD	48,000		1,058.00
KEB Hana Bank		2014.05.09	2021.07.12			104,600	USD	100,000		1,046.00
Bank of America		2014.04.29	2021.07.12			105,400	USD	100,000		1,054.00
Barclays Bank PLC		2015.12.17	2016.01.13			5,904	USD	5,000		1,180.78
Barclays Bank PLC		2015.12.28	2016.01.22			5,822	USD	5,000		1,164.30
Barclays Bank PLC		2015.12.29	2016.01.25			5,845	USD	5,000		1,168.90
Citibank		2015.12.28	2016.01.21			5,826	USD	5,000		1,165.15
HSBC		2015.12.11	2016.01.12			5,903	USD	5,000		1,180.59
Nova Scotia		2015.12.07	2016.01.11			2,332	USD	2,000		1,166.20
Nova Scotia		2015.12.07	2016.01.11			2,337	USD	2,000		1,168.70
Nova Scotia		2015.12.24	2016.01.20			5,856	USD	5,000		1,171.25
Nova Scotia		2015.12.30	2016.01.27			5,870	USD	5,000		1,173.98
Standard Chartered		2015.12.10	2016.01.08			5,913	USD	5,000		1,182.65
Standard Chartered		2015.12.24	2016.01.19			5,846	USD	5,000		1,169.12
Standard Chartered		2015.12.29	2016.01.26			5,841	USD	5,000		1,168.24
Nova Scotia		2015.11.20	2016.02.24			5,789	USD	5,000		1,157.86
Nova Scotia		2015.12.23	2016.01.28			1,171	USD	1,000		1,171.10
Nova Scotia		2015.12.18	2016.01.29			5,830	USD	5,000		1,166.00
Nova Scotia		2015.12.24	2016.01.04			7,653	USD	6,538		1,170.53
Standard Chartered		2015.11.10	2016.02.12			3,483	USD	3,000		1,160.90
Standard Chartered		2015.12.29	2016.01.05			13,042	USD	11,173		1,167.28
Barclays Bank PLC		2015.12.16	2016.03.18			3,527	USD	3,000		1,175.52
Barclays Bank PLC		2015.12.18	2016.03.22			3,562	USD	3,000		1,187.35
Societe Generale		2015.12.28	2016.01.29			5,823	USD	5,000		1,164.50
Societe Generale		2015.11.25	2016.02.29			5,746	USD	5,000		1,149.25
Societe Generale		2015.12.21	2016.02.29		USD	3,736		4,293		1,149.25
Societe Generale		2015.12.28	2016.02.29		USD	745		857		1,149.25
Societe Generale		2015.12.22	2016.03.24			5,885	USD	5,000		1,177.00
HSBC		2015.10.07	2016.01.13			5,795	USD	5,000		1,158.95
HSBC		2015.10.22	2016.01.13		USD	2,313		2,681		1,158.95
HSBC		2015.11.04	2016.02.11			11,358	USD	10,000		1,135.80
HSBC		2015.11.16	2016.02.19			2,346	USD	2,000		1,173.20
HSBC		2015.11.19	2016.01.13		USD	2,687		3,114		1,158.95
HSBC		2015.11.24	2016.02.11		USD	797		906		1,135.80
HSBC		2015.11.24	2016.02.11		USD	9,203		10,452		1,135.80
HSBC		2015.12.29	2016.01.04			8,396	USD	7,193		1,167.25
Mizuho Bank		2015.11.04	2016.02.11			5,665	USD	5,000		1,132.91
Mizuho Bank		2015.11.17	2016.02.11		USD	4,776		5,411		1,132.91
Mizuho Bank		2015.12.08	2016.02.11		USD	224		254		1,132.91
Mizuho Bank		2015.12.22	2016.01.25			3,524	USD	3,000		1,174.75
Mizuho Bank		2015.12.24	2016.01.29			5,853	USD	5,000		1,170.54
Mizuho Bank		2015.12.29	2016.01.29			5,849	USD	5,000		1,169.80
Credit Agricole		2015.10.07	2016.01.13			4,700	USD	4,000		1,174.90
Credit Agricole		2015.10.14	2016.01.19			3,460	USD	3,000		1,153.30
Credit Agricole		2015.10.29	2016.01.13		USD	752		878		1,167.43
Credit Agricole		2015.11.02	2016.01.13		USD	1,520		1,774		1,167.40
Credit Agricole		2015.12.10	2016.01.13		USD	1,728		2,017		1,167.40
Credit Agricole		2015.12.28	2016.03.30			5,833	USD	5,000		1,166.60
HSBC		2015.12.16	2016.01.04			3,654	USD	3,100		1,178.77
Nonghyup Bank		2015.12.16	2016.01.06			5,885	USD	5,000		1,176.92
KEB Hana Bank		2015.12.18	2016.01.06			7,462	USD	6,300		1,184.37
Nova Scotia		2015.12.21	2016.01.06			1,179	USD	1,000		1,178.50
Nova Scotia		2015.12.22	2016.01.06			6,470	USD	5,500		1,176.36
Standard Chartered		2015.12.23	2016.01.06			10,316	USD	8,800		1,172.31
Nova Scotia		2015.12.30	2016.01.08			7,627	USD	6,500		1,173.45
Nova Scotia		2015.12.28	2016.01.04			466	USD	400		1,165.76
Nova Scotia		2015.12.29	2016.01.08			7,706	USD	6,600		1,167.55
Societe Generale		2015.10.12	2016.01.13			754	USD	655		1,151.15
KEB Hana Bank		2015.08.26	2017.07.31			JPY 630,000		6,377		10.12

F-60

(3)

Currency swap contracts which are not designated as hedge instruments as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


Counterparty	Contract year			Contract amount				Contract interest rate		Contract exchange rate
Counterparty	Contract year			Pay		Receive		Pay (%)	Receive (%)	Contract exchange rate
	In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
Deutsche Bank		2013~2018	￦		110,412		JPY 10,000,000	6.21%	4.19%		11.04
IBK		2013~2018			111,800		USD 100,000	3.16%	2.79%		1,118.00
Bank of America		2013~2018			103,580		JPY 10,000,000	7.05%	4.19%		10.36
Credit Suisse		2014~2019			118,632		CHF 100,000	2.98%	1.50%		1,186.32
Standard Chartered		2014~2019			114,903		CHF 100,000	4.00%	1.50%		1,149.03
Standard Chartered		2014~2029			102,470		USD 100,000	3.14%	3.57%		1,024.70
Standard Chartered		2014~2017			51,215		USD 50,000	2.24%	3M Libor + 0.55%		1,024.30
Societe Generale		2014~2024			105,017		USD 100,000	4.92%	5.13%		1,050.17
KEB Hana Bank		2015~2024			107,970		USD 100,000	4.75%	5.13%		1,079.70
Credit Agricole		2015~2024			94,219		USD 86,920	4.85%	5.13%		1,083.97
Mizuho Bank		2014~2017			153,645		USD 150,000	2.35%	3M Libor + 0.65%		1,024.30
Citibank		2012~2022			112,930		USD 100,000	2.79%	3.00%		1,129.30
JP Morgan		2012~2022			112,930		USD 100,000	2.79%	3.00%		1,129.30
Bank of America		2012~2022			112,930		USD 100,000	2.79%	3.00%		1,129.30
Goldman Sachs		2012~2022			112,930		USD 100,000	2.79%	3.00%		1,129.30
HSBC		2012~2022			111,770		USD 100,000	2.89%	3.00%		1,117.70
KEB Hana Bank		2012~2022			111,770		USD 100,000	2.87%	3.00%		1,117.70
Standard Chartered		2012~2022			111,770		USD 100,000	2.89%	3.00%		1,117.70
Deutsche Bank		2012~2022			55,885		USD 50,000	2.79%	3.00%		1,117.70
DBS		2013~2018			108,140		USD 100,000	2.63%	3M Libor+0.84%		1,081.40
DBS		2013~2018			108,140		USD 100,000	2.57%	3M Libor+0.84%		1,081.40
DBS		2013~2018			108,140		USD 100,000	2.57%	3M Libor+0.84%		1,081.40
HSBC		2013~2018			107,450		USD 100,000	3.41%	2.88%		1,074.50
Standard Chartered		2013~2018			107,450		USD 100,000	3.44%	2.88%		1,074.50
JP Morgan		2013~2018			107,450		USD 100,000	3.48%	2.88%		1,074.50
Bank of America		2014~2018			107,450		USD 100,000	3.09%	2.88%		1,074.50
Citibank		2014~2018			107,450		USD 100,000	3.09%	2.88%		1,074.50
JP Morgan		2014~2017			102,670		USD 100,000	2.89%	3M Libor+0.78%		1,026.70
Deutsche Bank		2014~2017			102,670		USD 100,000	2.89%	3M Libor+0.78%		1,026.70
HSBC		2014~2019			105,260		USD 100,000	2.48%	2.38%		1,052.60
Standard Chartered		2014~2019			105,260		USD 100,000	2.48%	2.38%		1,052.60
RBS		2014~2019			105,260		USD 100,000	2.48%	2.38%		1,052.60
Nomura		2015~2025			111,190		USD 100,000	2.60%	3.25%		1,111.90
Korea Development Bank		2015~2025			111,190		USD 100,000	2.62%	3.25%		1,111.90
KEB Hana Bank		2015~2025			55,595		USD 50,000	2.62%	3.25%		1,111.90
Woori Bank		2015~2025			55,595		USD 50,000	2.62%	3.25%		1,111.90

F-61

(4)

Currency swap contracts which are designated as hedge instruments as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


	Contract year			Contract amount				Contract interest rate		Contract exchange rate
Counterparty	Contract year			Pay		Receive		Pay (%)	Receive (%)	Contract exchange rate
	In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
Citibank		2006~2016	￦		113,200		USD 100,000	1.05%	6.00%		1,132.00
Barclays Bank PLC		2006~2016			113,200		USD 100,000	1.05%	6.00%		1,132.00
Credit Suisse		2006~2016			113,200		USD 100,000	1.05%	6.00%		1,132.00
Goldman Sachs		2011~2017			105,260		USD 100,000	3.99%	3.63%		1,052.60
Barclays Bank PLC		2011~2017			105,260		USD 100,000	3.99%	3.63%		1,052.60
Citibank		2011~2017			105,260		USD 100,000	3.99%	3.63%		1,052.60
Citibank		2013~2018			54,570		USD 50,000	2.90%	3M Libor+1.01%		1,091.40
Standard Chartered		2013~2018			54,570		USD 50,000	2.90%	3M Libor+1.01%		1,091.40
Credit Suisse		2013~2018			111,410		USD 100,000	3.22%	3M Libor+1.50%		1,114.10
HSBC		2014~2020			99,901		AUD 100,000	3.52%	5.75%		999.01
HSBC		2014~2020			100,482		AUD 100,000	3.48%	5.75%		1,004.82
Standard Chartered		2013~2020			USD 117,250		AUD 125,000	3M Libor+1.25%	5.75%		0.94
Standard Chartered		2014~2020			126,032		USD 117,250	3.55%	3M Libor+1.25%		1,074.90
UBS AG		2006~2016			98,100		USD 100,000	5.48%	5.50%		981.00
Credit Suisse		2006~2016			98,100		USD 100,000	5.48%	5.50%		981.00
JP Morgan		2014~2019			107,190		USD 100,000	3.25%+3%*n/N	2.75%		1,071.90
Morgan Stanley		2014~2019			107,190		USD 100,000	3.25%+3%*n/N	2.75%		1,071.90
Deutsche Bank		2014~2019			107,190		USD 100,000	3.25%+3%*n/N	2.75%		1,071.90
Barclays Bank PLC		2006~2016			71,888		USD 75,000	4.81%	5.50%		958.50
Deutsche Bank AG		2006~2016			71,888		USD 75,000	4.81%	5.50%		958.50
Barclays Bank PLC		2012~2017			142,500		USD 125,000	3.83%	3.13%		1,140.00
Morgan Stanley		2012~2017			142,500		USD 125,000	3.83%	3.13%		1,140.00
Credit Agricole		2012~2017			142,500		USD 125,000	3.83%	3.13%		1,140.00
JP Morgan		2012~2017			142,500		USD 125,000	3.83%	3.13%		1,140.00
Credit Agricole		2013~2019			118,343		CHF 100,000	3.47%	1.63%		1,183.43
Barclays Bank PLC		2013~2019			59,172		CHF 50,000	3.47%	1.63%		1,183.43
Nomura		2013~2019			59,172		CHF 50,000	3.47%	1.63%		1,183.43
Barclays Bank PLC		2013~2018			107,360		USD 100,000	3.34%	2.88%		1,073.60
Credit Agricole		2013~2018			107,360		USD 100,000	3.34%	2.88%		1,073.60
JP Morgan		2013~2018			161,040		USD 150,000	3.34%	2.88%		1,073.60
Standard Chartered		2013~2018			161,040		USD 150,000	3.34%	2.88%		1,073.60
Standard Chartered		2014~2019			104,490		USD 100,000	2.77%	2.63%		1,044.90
Credit Agricole		2014~2019			104,490		USD 100,000	2.77%	2.63%		1,044.90
Barclays Bank PLC		2014~2019			104,490		USD 100,000	2.77%	2.63%		1,044.90
Barclays Bank PLC		2013~2018			81,188		USD 75,000	2.65%	1.88%		1,082.50
Credit Agricole		2013~2018			81,188		USD 75,000	2.65%	1.88%		1,082.50
Deutsche Bank		2013~2018			81,188		USD 75,000	2.65%	1.88%		1,082.50
Citibank		2013~2018			81,188		USD 75,000	2.65%	1.88%		1,082.50
Standard Chartered		2014~2017			54,205		USD 50,000	2.93%	3M Libor+1.05%		1,084.10
Credit Agricole		2014~2017			54,205		USD 50,000	2.93%	3M Libor+1.05%		1,084.10
HSBC		2012~2017			115,140		USD 100,000	3.38%	2.50%		1,151.40
BNP Paribas		2012~2017			115,140		USD 100,000	3.38%	2.50%		1,151.40
KEB Hana Bank		2012~2017			115,140		USD 100,000	3.38%	2.50%		1,151.40
Barclays Bank PLC		2012~2017			57,570		USD 50,000	3.38%	2.50%		1,151.40
Standard Chartered		2012~2017			57,570		USD 50,000	3.38%	2.50%		1,151.40
Nomura		2012~2017			57,570		USD 50,000	3.38%	2.50%		1,151.40
Credit Agricole		2012~2017			57,570		USD 50,000	3.38%	2.50%		1,151.40
Societe Generale		2013~2018			106,190		USD 100,000	3.48%	2.63%		1,061.90
BNP Paribas		2013~2018			53,095		USD 50,000	3.48%	2.63%		1,061.90
KEB Hana Bank		2013~2018			53,095		USD 50,000	3.48%	2.63%		1,061.90
Standard Chartered		2013~2018			106,030		USD 100,000	3.48%	2.63%		1,060.30
Barclays Bank PLC		2013~2018			53,015		USD 50,000	3.48%	2.63%		1,060.30
KEB Hana Bank		2013~2018			31,809		USD 30,000	3.48%	2.63%		1,060.30
Societe Generale		2013~2018			21,206		USD 20,000	3.48%	2.63%		1,060.30
HSBC		2013~2018			53,015		USD 50,000	3.47%	2.63%		1,060.30
Nomura		2013~2018			53,015		USD 50,000	3.47%	2.63%		1,060.30
Credit Agricole		2014~2020			110,680		USD 100,000	2.29%	2.50%		1,106.80
Societe Generale		2014~2020			55,340		USD 50,000	2.16%	2.50%		1,106.80
KEB Hana Bank		2014~2020			55,340		USD 50,000	2.16%	2.50%		1,106.80
KEB Hana Bank		2014~2020			55,340		USD 50,000	2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80
Standard Chartered		2014~2020			55,340		USD 50,000	2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80
HSBC		2014~2020			55,340		USD 50,000	2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80
Nomura		2014~2020			55,340		USD 50,000	2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80
Barclays Bank PLC		2014~2020			55,340		USD 50,000	2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80
HSBC		2014~2020			55,340		USD 50,000	2.21%	2.50%		1,106.80

F-62

(5)

Interest rate swap contracts which are not designated as hedge instruments as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


Counterparty	Contract year		Contract amount		Contract interest rate per annum
Counterparty	Contract year		Contract amount		Pay (%)	Receive (%)
	In millions of won
Korea Development Bank		2012~2016	￦	200,000	3.57%		3M CD + 0.26	%
Nonghyup Bank		2012~2016		100,000	3.49%		3M CD + 0.25	%
Korea Development Bank		2012~2016		50,000	3.49%		3M CD + 0.25	%
HSBC		2012~2016		50,000	3.49%		3M CD + 0.25	%
Standard Chartered		2012~2016		200,000	3.55%		3M CD + 0.26	%
Standard Chartered		2012~2017		160,000	3.57%		3M CD + 0.32	%
JP Morgan		2013~2018		150,000	3.58%		3M CD + 0.31	%
KEB Hana Bank		2013~2016		100,000	2.82%		3M CD + 0.04	%
KEB Hana Bank		2013~2016		200,000	2.57%		3M CD + 0.04	%
KEB Hana Bank		2013~2016		100,000	2.75%		3M CD + 0.03	%
Credit Suisse		2014~2018		200,000	2.98%		1Y CMT + 0.31	%
Korea Development Bank (*)		2014~2029		40,000	3M CD – 0.03%		4.65%

(*)

The contract is an interest rate swap hedging on Electricity Bonds 885, and the bank would notify the Company of the early termination every year on the early termination notification date (every year on April 28, from 2017 until 2028). The contract will be terminated if the early termination is notified.

(6)

Interest rate swap contracts which are designated as hedge instruments, as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:

Counterparty

Contract
year

Contract
amount

Contract interest rate per annum

Pay (%)

Receive (%)

In thousands of U.S. dollars

BNP Paribas

2009~2027

USD 99,920

4.16%

6M USD Libor

KFW

2009~2027

USD 99,920

4.16%

6M USD Libor

CA-CIB (Credit Agricole)

2015~2033

USD 103,012

3.98% ~ 4.10%

6M USD Libor

SMBC

2015~2033

USD 134,708

4.05% ~ 4.18%

6M USD Libor

(7)

Gain and loss on valuation and transaction of derivatives for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows and included in finance income and costs in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss):


		Net income effects of valuation gain (loss)					Net income effects of transaction gain (loss)					Accumulated other comprehensive *income (loss) ()**
		2014			2015		2014			2015		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Currency option	￦		—			—		16,535			—		—			—
Currency forward			58,068			357		321			8,523		(30,072	)		—
Currency swap			168,987			431,565		(79,484	)		75,752		(90,990	)		(6,926	)
Interest rate swap			(16,800	)		161,609		(3,680	)		30,314		(15,235	)		4,082
Other derivatives			—			—		(709	)		—		—			—

	￦		210,255			593,531		(67,017	)		114,589		(136,297	)		(2,844	)

(*)	As of December 31, 2015, the net gain on valuation of derivatives using cash flow hedge accounting of ￦4,409 million, net of tax, is included in other comprehensive income.

F-63

12.

Other Financial Assets

(1)

Other financial assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014						2015
		Current			Non-current			Current			Non-current
		In millions of won
Loans and receivables	￦		68,910			611,610			106,013			678,126
Present value discount			(1,067	)		(55,456	)		(859	)		(48,223	)
Long-term/short-term financial instruments			100,099			604,363			5,132,829			758,037

	￦		167,942			1,160,517			5,237,983			1,387,940

(2)

Loans and receivables as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Face value		Present value discount			Book value
		In millions of won
Short-term loans and receivables
Loans for tuition	￦		25,828		(1,067	)		24,761
Loans for housing			12,050		—			12,050
Fisheries loan			6,032		—			6,032
Other loans			25,000		—			25,000

			68,910		(1,067	)		67,843

Long-term loans and receivables
Loans for tuition			379,797		(54,569	)		325,228
Loans for housing			110,152		—			110,152
Loans for related parties			111,033		—			111,033
Fisheries loan			7,696		(887	)		6,809
Other loans			2,932		—			2,932

			611,610		(55,456	)		556,154

	￦		680,520		(56,523	)		623,997


		2015
		Face value		Present value discount			Book value
		In millions of won
Short-term loans and receivables
Loans for tuition	￦		29,209		(859	)		28,350
Loans for housing			11,170		—			11,170
Fisheries loan			6,032		—			6,032
Other loans			59,602		—			59,602

			106,013		(859	)		105,154

Long-term loans and receivables
Loans for tuition			390,738		(47,822	)		342,916
Loans for housing			132,239		—			132,239
Loans for related parties			99,768		—			99,768
Fisheries loan			1,664		(401	)		1,263
Other loans			53,717		—			53,717

			678,126		(48,223	)		629,903

	￦		784,139		(49,082	)		735,057

F-64

(3)

Long-term and short-term financial instruments as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014				2015
		Current		Non-current		Current		Non-current
		In millions of won
Time deposits	￦		90,088		742		2,131,089		3
Asset-Backed Commercial Paper			10,011		—		2,598,791		5,000
CP			—		—		48,350		—
CD			—		—		163,649		—
MMDA			—		300,000		—		—
RP			—		303,306		—		652,700
Others			—		315		190,950		100,334

	￦		100,099		604,363		5,132,829		758,037

13.

Inventories

Inventories as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Acquisition cost		Valuation allowance			Book value
		In millions of won
Raw materials	￦		3,039,422		(1,130	)		3,038,292
Merchandises			212		—			212
Work-in-progress			93,498		—			93,498
Finished goods			59,222		—			59,222
Supplies			840,463		(2,685	)		837,778
Inventories in transit			500,466		—			500,466
Other inventories			8,001		—			8,001

	￦		4,541,284		(3,815	)		4,537,469


		2015
		Acquisition cost		Valuation allowance			Book value
		In millions of won
Raw materials	￦		3,304,220		(1,238	)		3,302,982
Work-in-progress			133,226		—			133,226
Finished goods			51,073		—			51,073
Supplies			1,062,307		(4,428	)		1,057,879
Inventories in transit			392,340		—			392,340
Other inventories			8,913		—			8,913

	￦		4,952,079		(5,666	)		4,946,413

The reversal of the allowance for loss on inventory valuation due to increases in the net realizable value of inventory deducted from cost of sales were ￦687 million and ￦3,029 million for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2014, respectively. The allowance for loss on inventory valuation due to decreases in the net realizable value of inventory included in cost of sales was ￦533 million for the year ended December 31, 2015. The amounts of loss from inventory valuation included in other gains or losses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 were ￦261 million, ￦2,709 million and ￦1,318 million, respectively.

F-65

14.

Finance Lease Receivables

(1)

Finance lease contracts

The Company entered into a power purchase agreement (“PPA”) with Jordan Electric Power Company to provide a 373MW level Qatrana gas combined power plant over a 25 year lease term, and accounts for the PPA as a finance lease. Also, the Company has fly-ash pipe conduit finance leases with an average lease term of 7 years. In addition, the Company entered into a PPA with the Comision Federal de Electricidad in Mexico to provide for 25 years of all electricity generated from the power plant after completion of its construction and collect rates consisting of fixed costs (to recover the capital) and variable costs during the contracted period.

(2)

Finance lease receivables as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows and included in current and non-current trade and other receivables, net, in the consolidated statements of financial position:


		2014				2015
		Minimum lease payments		Present value of minimum lease payments		Minimum lease payments		Present value of minimum lease payments
		In millions of won
Less than 1 year	￦		88,698		8,275		98,488		12,098
1 ~ 5 years			378,703		237,062		407,426		203,699
More than 5 years			1,675,685		640,417		1,689,281		738,011

	￦		2,143,086		885,754		2,195,195		953,808

(3)

There are no impaired finance lease receivables as of December 31, 2014 and 2015.

15.

Non-Financial Assets

Non-financial assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014				2015
		Current		Non-current		Current		Non-current
		In millions of won
Advance payment	￦		109,112		12,516		102,842		25,172
Prepaid expenses			154,047		97,972		159,378		85,105
Others(*)			239,352		23,605		135,730		20,956

	￦		502,511		134,093		397,950		131,233

(*)

Details of others as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014				2015
		Current		Non-current		Current		Non-current
		In millions of won
Tax refund receivables	￦		182,564		1,037		39,158		2,658
Other quick assets and others			56,788		22,568		96,572		18,298

	￦		239,352		23,605		135,730		20,956

F-66

16.

Consolidated Subsidiaries

(1)

Consolidated subsidiaries as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

Percentage of ownership (%)

Subsidiaries

Key operation activities

Location

2014

2015

Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.

Power generation

KOREA

100.00%

Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.

Power generation

KOREA

100.00%

Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.

Power generation

KOREA

100.00%

Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.

Power generation

KOREA

100.00%

Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.

Power generation

KOREA

100.00%

Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.

Power generation

KOREA

100.00%

KEPCO Engineering & Construction Company, Inc.(*1)

Architectural engineering for utility plant and others

KOREA

66.32%

KEPCO Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd.

Utility plant maintenance and others

KOREA

54.00%

52.48%

KEPCO Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd.

Nuclear fuel

KOREA

96.36%

KEPCO KDN Co., Ltd.

Electric power information

technology and others

KOREA

100.00%

Garolim Tidal Power Plant Co., Ltd.(*2)

Power generation

KOREA

49.00%

KEPCO International HongKong Ltd.

Holding company

HONG KONG

100.00%

KEPCO International Philippines Inc.

Holding company

PHILIPPINES

100.00%

KEPCO Gansu International Ltd.

Holding company

HONG KONG

100.00%

KEPCO Philippines Holdings Inc.

Holding company

PHILIPPINES

100.00%

KEPCO Philippines Corporation

Operation of utility plant

PHILIPPINES

100.00%

KEPCO Ilijan Corporation

Utility plant rehabilitation and operation

PHILIPPINES

51.00%

KEPCO Lebanon SARL

Operation of utility plant

LEBANON

100.00%

KEPCO Neimenggu International Ltd.

Holding company

HONG KONG

100.00%

KEPCO Shanxi International Ltd.

Holding company

HONG KONG

100.00%

KOMIPO Global Pte Ltd.

Holding company

SINGAPORE

100.00%

KEPCO Canada Energy Ltd.

Resources development

CANADA

100.00%

KEPCO Netherlands B.V.

Holding company

NETHERLANDS

100.00%

KOREA Imouraren Uranium Investment Corp.

Uranium mine development

FRANCE

100.00%

KEPCO Australia Pty., Ltd.

Resources development

AUSTRALIA

100.00%

KOSEP Australia Pty., Ltd.

Resources development

AUSTRALIA

100.00%

KOMIPO Australia Pty., Ltd.

Resources development

AUSTRALIA

100.00%

KOWEPO Australia Pty., Ltd.

Resources development

AUSTRALIA

100.00%

KOSPO Australia Pty., Ltd.

Resources development

AUSTRALIA

100.00%

KEPCO Middle East Holding Company

Holding company

BAHRAIN

100.00%

Qatrana Electric Power Company

Construction and operation of utility plant

JORDAN

80.00%

KHNP Canada Energy Ltd.

Resources development

CANADA

100.00%

KEPCO Bylong Australia Pty., Ltd.

Resources development

AUSTRALIA

100.00%

Korea Waterbury Uranium Limited Partnership

Resources development

CANADA

79.64%

F-67

Percentage of ownership (%)

Subsidiaries

Key operation activities

Location

2014

2015

KEPCO Canada Uranium Investment Limited Partnership

Resources development

CANADA

100.00%

Korea Electric Power Nigeria Ltd.

Operation of utility plant

NIGERIA

100.00%

KEPCO Holdings de Mexico

Holding company

MEXICO

100.00%

KST Electric Power Company

Construction and operation of utility plant

MEXICO

56.00%

KEPCO Energy Service Company

Operation of utility plant

MEXICO

100.00%

KEPCO Netherlands S3 B.V.

Holding company

NETHERLANDS

100.00%

PT. KOMIPO Pembangkitan Jawa Bali

Operation of utility plant

INDONESIA

51.00%

PT. Cirebon Power Service(*2)

Operation of utility plant

INDONESIA

27.50%

KOWEPO International Corporation

Operation of utility plant

PHILIPPINES

99.99%

KOSPO Jordan LLC

Operation of utility plant

JORDAN

100.00%

EWP Philippines Corporation

Operation of utility plant

PHILIPPINES

100.00%

EWP America Inc.

Holding company

USA

100.00%

EWP Renewable Co.

Holding company

USA

100.00%

DG Fairhaven Power, LLC

Power generation

USA

100.00%

DG Kings Plaza, LLC

Power generation

USA

100.00%

DG Whitefield, LLC

Power generation

USA

100.00%

Springfield Power, LLC

Power generation

USA

100.00%

KNF Canada Energy Limited

Resources development

CANADA

96.36%

PT KEPCO Resource Indonesia

Resources development

INDONESIA

100.00%

EWP Barbados 1 SRL

Holding company

BARBADOS

100.00%

California Power Holdings, LLC

Power generation

USA

100.00%

Gyeonggi Green Energy Co., Ltd.

Power generation

KOREA

62.01%

PT. Tanggamus Electric Power

Power generation

INDONESIA

60.00%

52.50%

Gyeongju Wind Power Co., Ltd.

Power generation

KOREA

70.00%

KOMIPO America Inc.

Holding company

USA

100.00%

Boulder Solar Power, LLC

Solar photovoltaic power generation

USA

82.14%

—

EWPRC Biomass Holdings, LLC

Holding company

USA

100.00%

KOSEP USA, INC.

Power generation

USA

100.00%

PT. EWP Indonesia

Holding company

INDONESIA

100.00%

KOWEPO America LLC

Solar photovoltaic power generation

USA

100.00%

—

KEPCO Netherlands J3 B.V.

Holding company

NETHERLANDS

100.00%

Korea Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.

Power generation

KOREA

100.00%

Global One Pioneer B.V.

Holding company

NETHERLANDS

100.00%

Global Energy Pioneer B.V.

Holding company

NETHERLANDS

100.00%

Mira Power Limited(*3)

Power generation

PAKISTAN

76.00%

KOSEP Material Co., Ltd.(*4)

Power generation

KOREA

46.22%

Commerce and Industry Energy Co., Ltd.

Power generation

KOREA

59.03%

KEPCO Singapore Holdings Pte., Ltd.

Holding company

SINGAPORE

100.00%

KOWEPO India Private Limited

Holding company

INDIA

100.00%

KEPCO KPS Philippines Corp.

Utility plant maintenance and others

PHILIPPINES

54.00%

52.48%

KOSPO Chile SpA

Holding company

CHILE

100.00%

PT. KOWEPO Sumsel Operation and Maintenance Services

Utility plant maintenance and others

INDONESIA

95.00%

F-68

Percentage of ownership (%)

Subsidiaries

Key operation activities

Location

2014

2015

HeeMang Sunlight Power Co., Ltd.

Power generation

KOREA

—

100.00%

Fujeij Wind Power Company

Operation of utility plant

JORDAN

—

100.00%

KOSPO Youngnam Power
Co., Ltd .

Operation of utility plant

KOREA

—

50.00%

(*1)	Considering treasury stocks, the effective percentage of ownership is 66.62%.

(*2)	These subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements as the Company obtained the majority of the voting power through the shareholders’ agreement.

(*3)	As of reporting date, the reporting period of all subsidiaries is December 31, except for Mira Power Limited which is November 30.

(*4)

According to the shareholders’ agreement reached in April 2014, Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd. (“KOSEP”) signed a contract with Long Lasting Value(“LLV”) to guarantee the principal and certain rate of return on LLV’s shares in KOSEP Material Co., Ltd. Moreover, LLV has put options to sell their investment to KOSEP. Therefore, the Company accounted for this agreement as KOSEP acquiring the shares of KOSEP Material from LLV. As such, the effective percentage of ownership is 86.20% as of December 31, 2015.

(2)

Subsidiaries newly included in or excluded from consolidation for the year ended December 31, 2015 are as follows:

(i)

Subsidiaries newly included in consolidation


Subsidiary		Reason
HeeMang Sunlight Power Co., Ltd.		Newly Established
Fujeij Wind Power Company		Newly Established
KOSPO Youngnam Power Co., Ltd.		Newly Established

(ii)

Subsidiaries excluded from consolidation


Subsidiary		Reason
Boulder Solar Power, LLC		Disposed
KOWEPO America LLC		Liquidation

F-69

(3)

Summary of financial information of consolidated subsidiaries as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


2014
Subsidiaries		Total assets		Total liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
		In millions of won
Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.	￦		49,237,136		27,588,281		9,379,564		1,446,060
Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.			9,026,146		5,068,092		4,469,415		383,233
Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.			7,074,578		4,073,784		5,041,682		110,533
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.			8,245,105		5,008,954		4,840,007		151,662
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.			8,703,362		5,229,934		6,209,536		68,481
Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.			8,370,732		4,805,302		4,507,011		168,534
KEPCO Engineering & Construction Company, Inc.			777,612		370,482		841,917		54,759
KEPCO Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd.			922,843		226,774		1,078,526		166,847
KEPCO Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd.			568,370		257,899		241,310		32,588
KEPCO KDN Co., Ltd.			390,681		135,341		458,960		20,228
Garolim Tidal Power Plant Co., Ltd.			772		387		—		(39,856	)
KEPCO International HongKong Ltd.			182,703		—		—		6,221
KEPCO International Philippines Inc.			101,864		405		—		98,878
KEPCO Gansu International Ltd.			16,330		506		—		(11	)
KEPCO Philippines Holdings Inc.			124,418		40		—		5,987
KEPCO Philippines Corporation			13,670		139		—		(959	)
KEPCO Ilijan Corporation			585,190		53,212		127,871		76,627
KEPCO Lebanon SARL			6,990		9,832		—		(164	)
KEPCO Neimenggu International Ltd.			182,140		—		—		(172	)
KEPCO Shanxi International Ltd.			523,357		245,170		—		1,935
KOMIPO Global Pte Ltd.			157,441		3,636		—		9,470
KEPCO Canada Energy Ltd.			69,507		113		—		(18	)
KEPCO Netherlands B.V.			189,121		14		—		367
KOREA Imouraren Uranium Investment Corp.			227,897		207		—		(48	)
KEPCO Australia Pty., Ltd.			539,961		2,572		4,532		799
KOSEP Australia Pty., Ltd.			19,771		935		4,786		2,413
KOMIPO Australia Pty., Ltd.			18,779		542		4,786		1,786
KOWEPO Australia Pty., Ltd.			19,990		1,004		4,786		2,434
KOSPO Australia Pty., Ltd.			18,983		932		4,439		2,007
KEPCO Middle East Holding Company			116,615		133,338		—		(1,470	)
Qatrana Electric Power Company			553,134		462,329		17,079		15,724
KHNP Canada Energy Ltd.			47,982		58		—		(17	)
KEPCO Bylong Australia Pty., Ltd.			169,209		200,443		—		(20,958	)
Korea Waterbury Uranium Limited Partnership			22,058		35		—		(59	)
KEPCO Canada Uranium Investment Limited Partnership			70,778		25		—		(30	)
Korea Electric Power Nigeria Ltd.			1,112		786		23,863		204
KEPCO Holdings de Mexico			11		21		—		(12	)
KST Electric Power Company			512,793		496,780		16,668		13,496
KEPCO Energy Service Company			374		535		5,032		40
KEPCO Netherlands S3 B.V.			62,583		30		—		812
PT. KOMIPO Pembangkitan Jawa Bali			17,282		6,034		21,276		8,929
PT. Cirebon Power Service			1,630		402		6,694		354
KOWEPO International Corporation			—		—		—		(1,861	)
KOSPO Jordan, LLC.			10,270		1,742		29,682		2,512
EWP Philippines Corporation			6,570		283		—		(848	)
EWP America Inc. (*)			104,855		76,669		57,251		(21	)
KNF Canada Energy Limited			2,118		48		—		(65	)
PT KEPCO Resource Indonesia			1,366		13		—		(267	)
EWP Barbados 1 SRL			296,278		162		2,633		322
Gyeonggi Green Energy Co., Ltd.			334,074		264,278		124,181		(4,989	)
PT. Tanggamus Electric Power			24,120		8,339		20,089		(3,125	)

F-70


2014
Subsidiaries		Total assets		Total liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
		In millions of won
Gyeongju Wind Power Co., Ltd.	￦		48,570		30,225		7,871		2,590
KOMIPO America Inc.			10,118		7		—		—
Boulder Solar Power, LLC.			8,457		7		—		(712	)
KOSEP USA, INC.			35,062		1,581		2,315		(119	)
PT. EWP Indonesia			902		15		—		(278	)
KOWEPO America, LLC.			5,813		137		—		(1,006	)
KEPCO Netherlands J3 B.V.			113,818		44		—		(61	)
Korea Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.			11,762		2,287		—		(3,424	)
Global One Pioneer B.V.			40		24		—		(60	)
Global Energy Pioneer B.V.			42		29		—		(64	)
Mira Power Limited			32,977		221		—		(1,109	)
KOSEP Material Co., Ltd.			42,766		23,226		—		(2,463	)
Commerce and Industry Energy Co., Ltd.			103,346		87,047		23,645		(881	)
KEPCO Singapore Holdings Pte., Ltd.			1,012		—		—		(20	)
KOWEPO India Private Limited			997		11		—		(397	)
KEPCO KPS Philippines Corp.			5,147		2,150		9,263		1,912
KOSPO Chile SpA			3,143		4,354		—		(1,640	)
PT. KOWEPO Sumsel Operation and Maintenance Services			1,628		1,386		—		(408	)

(*)

Financial information of EWP America Inc. includes that of seven other subsidiaries, EWP Renewable Co., DG Fairhaven Power, LLC, DG Kings Plaza, LLC, DG Whitefield, LLC, Springfield Power, LLC, California Power Holdings, LLC, and EWPRC Biomass Holdings, LLC.

F-71


2015
Subsidiaries		Total assets		Total liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
		In millions of won
Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.	￦		51,043,890		27,386,113		10,642,352		2,465,244
Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.			9,326,835		4,859,827		4,961,711		601,204
Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.			7,857,199		4,648,144		3,927,443		226,244
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.			9,225,791		5,719,032		4,214,540		294,617
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.			9,216,084		5,525,865		4,317,995		224,757
Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.			8,828,603		4,836,904		4,047,655		454,942
KEPCO Engineering & Construction Company, Inc.			855,156		438,371		657,603		31,047
KEPCO Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd.			1,029,304		246,342		1,171,082		168,632
KEPCO Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd.			666,677		328,364		253,524		35,115
KEPCO KDN Co., Ltd.			439,725		159,275		451,678		33,578
Garolim Tidal Power Plant Co., Ltd.			655		346		—		(76	)
KEPCO International HongKong Ltd.			172,686		18		—		4,993
KEPCO International Philippines Inc.			115,594		1,542		—		38,541
KEPCO Gansu International Ltd.			17,405		540		—		(6	)
KEPCO Philippines Holdings Inc.			132,094		26		—		24,690
KEPCO Philippines Corporation			13,998		218		—		265
KEPCO Ilijan Corporation			603,865		58,572		126,234		54,596
KEPCO Lebanon SARL			741		10,182		—		(1,541	)
KEPCO Neimenggu International Ltd.			184,860		348		—		8,027
KEPCO Shanxi International Ltd.			562,652		242,270		—		22,949
KOMIPO Global Pte Ltd.			187,885		29		—		16,572
KEPCO Canada Energy Ltd.			55,945		23		—		(64	)
KEPCO Netherlands B.V.			169,496		61		—		1,409
KOREA Imouraren Uranium Investment Corp.			224,499		263		—		5,964
KEPCO Australia Pty., Ltd.			510,892		2,541		4,510		168
KOSEP Australia Pty., Ltd.			18,180		1,581		4,729		346
KOMIPO Australia Pty., Ltd.			17,397		559		4,729		349
KOWEPO Australia Pty., Ltd.			18,320		1,578		4,729		353
KOSPO Australia Pty., Ltd.			18,358		1,567		4,729		356
KEPCO Middle East Holding Company			147,618		150,798		—		14,142
Qatrana Electric Power Company			521,206		412,587		17,844		31,767
KHNP Canada Energy Ltd.			42,731		22		—		(123	)
KEPCO Bylong Australia Pty., Ltd.			183,468		236,545		—		(23,352	)
Korea Waterbury Uranium Limited Partnership			20,370		699		—		(48	)
KEPCO Canada Uranium Investment Limited Partnership			38,804		14		—		(26,171	)
Korea Electric Power Nigeria Ltd.			1,721		1,179		55,768		309
KEPCO Holdings de Mexico			39		34		—		(13	)
KST Electric Power Company			564,358		529,439		97,879		14,631
KEPCO Energy Service Company			1,435		604		6,034		875
KEPCO Netherlands S3 B.V.			66,251		189		—		716
PT. KOMIPO Pembangkitan Jawa Bali			16,536		6,170		20,143		8,047
PT. Cirebon Power Service			2,795		1,010		6,663		459
KOWEPO International Corporation			—		—		—		—
KOSPO Jordan LLC			12,998		1,117		9,840		2,693
EWP Philippines Corporation			2,664		1,592		—		258
EWP America Inc. (*)			115,562		82,167		59,124		3,227
KNF Canada Energy Limited			1,874		18		—		(66	)
PT KEPCO Resource Indonesia			1,210		—		—		(217	)
EWP Barbados 1 SRL			260,638		370		2,829		273
Gyeonggi Green Energy Co., Ltd.			315,299		249,608		104,674		(4,111	)
PT. Tanggamus Electric Power			106,892		91,416		60,044		(7,138	)
Gyeongju Wind Power Co., Ltd.			62,600		27,822		5,993		968
KOMIPO America Inc.			13,487		2,480		—		218

F-72


2015
Subsidiaries		Total assets		Total liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
		In millions of won
KOSEP USA, INC.	￦		40,035		4,178		4,975		153
PT. EWP Indonesia			1,039		15		—		(374	)
KEPCO Netherlands J3 B.V.			121,492		81		—		18,858
Korea Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.			7,579		2,317		—		(4,213	)
Global One Pioneer B.V.			40		20		—		(48	)
Global Energy Pioneer B.V.			42		20		—		(48	)
Mira Power Limited			110,918		66,963		—		(1,581	)
KOSEP Material Co., Ltd.			29,768		28,013		26,310		(17,665	)
Commerce and Industry Energy Co., Ltd.			99,638		86,727		24,774		(3,387	)
KEPCO Singapore Holdings Pte., Ltd.			1,817		—		—		(9	)
KOWEPO India Private Limited			911		10		—		(105	)
KEPCO KPS Philippines Corp.			5,688		953		14,278		1,677
KOSPO Chile SpA			133		4,642		—		(942	)
PT. KOWEPO Sumsel Operation and Maintenance Services			2,053		51		5,405		1,762
HeeMang Sunlight Power Co., Ltd.			4,711		—		—		(9	)
Fujeij Wind Power Company			83		—		—		—
KOSPO Youngnam Power Co., Ltd .			82,173		32,166		—		7

(*)

Financial information of EWP America Inc. includes that of seven other subsidiaries, EWP Renewable Co., DG Fairhaven Power, LLC, DG Kings Plaza, LLC, DG Whitefield, LLC, Springfield Power, LLC, and California Power Holdings, LLC, and EWPRC Biomass Holdings, LLC.

(4)

Significant restrictions on abilities to subsidiaries are as follows:


Company		Nature and extent of any significant restrictions
Gyeonggi Green Energy Co., Ltd.		Acquisition or disposal of assets of more than ￦35 billion, change in the capacity of cogeneration units (except for the change due to performance improvement of equipment, maintenance) will require unanimous consent of all directors..

KOSPO Youngnam Power Co., Ltd.		Dividends can only be paid when all conditions of the loan agreement are satisfied or prior written consent of financial institutions is obtained. Shares cannot be wholly or partially transferred without written consent of financial institutions.

F-73

(5)

Details of non-controlling interest prior to intra-group eliminations as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


2014
Description		KEPCO Ilijan Corporation			KEPCO Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd.			KEPCO Engineering & Construction Company, Inc.			Garolim Tidal Power Plant Co., Ltd.			Others			Total
		In millions of won
Percentage of ownership			49.00	%		46.00	%		33.37	%		51.00	%
Current assets	￦		143,229			461,750			355,292			729			605,778			1,566,778
Non-current assets			441,961			461,093			422,320			43			2,301,291			3,626,708
Current liabilities			(19,022	)		(181,871	)		(315,766	)		(387	)		(391,393	)		(908,439	)
Non-current liabilities			(34,190	)		(44,903	)		(54,716	)		—			(1,765,520	)		(1,899,329	)
Net assets			531,978			696,069			407,130			385			750,156			2,385,718
Book value of non-controlling interest			260,669			320,192			135,859			197			616,443			1,333,360
Sales			127,871			1,078,526			841,917			—			531,983			2,580,297
Profit (loss) for the period			76,627			166,847			54,759			(39,856	)		54,875			313,252
Profit (loss) for the period attributable to non-controlling interest			37,547			61,734			15,853			(20,326	)		24,014			118,822
Cash flows from operating activities			111,248			183,865			16,226			(4,818	)		53,990			360,511
Cash flows from investing activities			(3,221	)		(70,186	)		(14,066	)		(1,454	)		(64,720	)		(153,647	)
Cash flows from financing activities before dividends to non-controlling interest			(116,956	)		(43,092	)		(19,258	)		—			35,825			(143,481	)
Dividends to non-controlling interest			(96,533	)		(25,308	)		(4,905	)		—			(4,224	)		(130,970	)
Effect of exchange rate fluctuation			2,456			70			(147	)		69			5,858			8,306
Net increase (decrease) of cash and cash equivalents			(103,006	)		45,349			(22,150	)		(6,203	)		26,729			(59,281	)


2015
Description		KEPCO Ilijan Corporation			KEPCO Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd.			KEPCO Engineering & Construction Company, Inc.			Others			Total
		In millions of won
Percentage of ownership			49.00	%		47.52	%		33.37	%
Current assets	￦		161,855			547,152			341,559			631,442			1,682,008
Non-current assets			442,010			482,152			513,597			1,976,302			3,414,061
Current liabilities			(22,522	)		(195,030	)		(342,315	)		(296,152	)		(856,019	)
Non-current liabilities			(36,050	)		(51,312	)		(96,056	)		(1,566,200	)		(1,749,618	)
Net assets			545,293			782,962			416,785			745,392			2,490,432
Book value of non-controlling interest			267,194			372,064			139,081			644,787			1,423,126
Sales			126,234			1,171,082			657,603			637,544			2,592,463
Profit for the period			54,596			168,632			31,047			61,554			315,829
Profit for the period attributable to non-controlling interest			26,752			78,852			10,360			11,802			127,766
Cash flows from operating activities			83,697			140,625			11,280			(29,888	)		205,714
Cash flows from investing activities			(16,021	)		(104,477	)		(134,874	)		(178,241	)		(433,613	)
Cash flows from financing activities before dividends to non-controlling interest			(39,730	)		(40,581	)		69,955			226,976			216,620
Dividends to non-controlling interest			(36,080	)		(34,569	)		(7,300	)		(24,577	)		(102,526	)
Effect of exchange rate fluctuation			4,123			3			(51	)		6,399			10,474
Net increase (decrease) of cash and cash equivalents			(4,011	)		(38,999	)		(60,990	)		669			(103,331	)

F-74

(6)

Changes in goodwill

(i)

Details of goodwill as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Acquisition cost	￦		2,582		2,582
Accumulated impairment			—		—

Carrying book value	￦		2,582		2,582

(ii)

There are no changes in goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015

(7)

Disposals of subsidiaries

The Company disposed the shares of Boulder Solar Power, LLC and liquidated KOWEPO America LLC during the year ended December 31, 2015. The Company also disposed the shares of Korea Engineering & Power Services Co., Ltd. and liquidated EWP Philippine Holdings Corporation during the year ended December 31, 2014.

(i)

The fair value of sales price as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Consideration received in cash	￦		46,476		10,664
Deferred consideration on disposals included in other receivables			—		13,860

Total	￦		46,476		24,524

(ii)

The carrying value of assets and liabilities of subsidiaries as at the date the Company lost its control during the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	￦		2,187			10,071
Current financial assets, net			4,781			1,077
Trade and other receivables, net			5,460			—
Current non-financial assets			232			—

Non-current assets
Non-current financial assets, net			144			—
Non-current trade and other receivables, net			351			—
Property, plant and equipment, net			934			2,460
Other			50			2,893

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables, net			(1,655	)		—
Current non-financial liabilities			(161	)		(7	)

	￦		12,323			16,494

F-75

(iii)

Gain from disposals of subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
The fair value of sale price	￦		46,476			24,524
Net assets disposed			(12,323	)		(16,494	)
Non-controlling interests			5,765			—
Realization of unrealized gain			534			—
Other comprehensive income (loss) (*1)			(20	)		346

Gain from disposals of subsidiaries (*2)	￦		40,432			8,376

(*1)	This represents the amount reclassified from other comprehensive income or loss to profit or loss when the Company lost its control of the subsidiaries.

(*2)	Gain from disposals of subsidiaries is included in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

(iv)

Net cash flow from sales of subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Consideration received in cash	￦		46,476			10,664
Less: Cash in disposed subsidiaries			(2,187	)		(10,071	)

Net cash flow	￦		44,289			593

F-76

(8)

Cash dividends received from subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively are as follows:


Subsidiaries		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.	￦		63,035		—		446,399
Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.			89,569		34,800		57,485
Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.			66,153		12,244		16,580
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.			59,160		32,048		22,749
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.			51,680		30,800		10,272
Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.			82,200		8,100		25,280
KEPCO Engineering & Construction Company, Inc.			55,280		10,996		14,574
KEPCO Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd.			45,363		43,095		40,584
KEPCO Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd.			16,346		5,936		6,280
KEPCO KDN Co., Ltd.			2,043		3,424		4,046
Korea Engineering & Power Services Co., Ltd.			1,458		1,573		—
KEPCO International HongKong Ltd.			12,132		74,927		25,826
KEPCO International Philippines Inc.			—		100,122		32,891
KEPCO Philippines Corporation			1,986		—		—
KEPCO Ilijan Corporation			—		101,647		38,128
KEPCO Philippines Holdings Inc.			6,678		2,811		19,221
KEPCO Neimenggu International Ltd.			3,629		6,308		25,338
KEPCO Netherlands B.V.			8,923		—		—
Qatrana Electric Power Company			—		—		16,857
KOSPO Jordan LLC			129		446		—
EWP Philippines Corporation			—		—		5,586
KEPCO Netherlands S3 B.V.			—		—		1,382
PT. KOMIPO Pembangkitan Jawa Bali			1,663		2,827		3,169
KEPCO Netherlands J3 B.V.			—		—		19,254
Gyeongju Wind Power Co., Ltd.			—		651		1,294

	￦		567,427		472,755		833,195

17.

Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures

(1)

Investments in associates and joint ventures as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


2014
Investees	Key operation activities	Location	Percentage of ownership				Acquisition cost		Book value
							In millions of won
<Associates>
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		47.80	%	￦		76,193		71,387
Korea Gas Corporation(*1)	Importing and wholesaling LNG	KOREA		20.47	%			94,500		2,097,539
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.	Electricity metering	KOREA		29.00	%			4,727		21,622
YTN Co., Ltd.	Broadcasting	KOREA		21.43	%			59,000		39,889
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.	Generating and distributing vapor and hot/cold water	KOREA		43.90	%			49,607		28,771
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.(*2)	Wind power generation	KOREA		15.00	%			5,725		12,385
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.00	%			88,885		113,033
Korea Power Exchange(*6)	Management of power market	KOREA		100.00	%			127,839		198,021
AMEC Partners Korea Ltd.(*3)	Resources management	KOREA		19.00	%			707		200
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.(*9)	Power generation	KOREA		29.00	%			71,070		35,925

F-77


2014
Investees	Key operation activities	Location	Percentage of ownership				Acquisition cost		Book value
							In millions of won
Ecollite Co., Ltd.	Artificial light-weight aggregate	KOREA		36.10	%	￦		1,516		—
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		25.00	%			3,810		5,525
Muju Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		25.00	%			2,850		2,706
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		25.00	%			3,876		3,693
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.(*3, 10)	Power generation	KOREA		13.13	%			25,477		41,951
JinanJangsu Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		25.00	%			100		77
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		30.00	%			3,801		6,486
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		27.00	%			1,296		1,744
SPC Power Corporation	Power generation	PHILIPPINES		38.00	%			20,635		47,799
Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd.	Power generation	CHINA		34.00	%			413,153		667,578
PT. Cirebon Electric Power	Power generation	INDONESIA		27.50	%			40,365		43,335
KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd.(*4)	Resources development	NIGERIA		14.63	%			12		—
KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.(*4)	Resources development	NIGERIA		14.63	%			12		—
Dolphin Property Limited(*4)	Rental company	NIGERIA		15.00	%			12		61
PT Wampu Electric Power	Power generation	INDONESIA		46.00	%			18,935		16,071
PT. Bayan Resources TBK	Resources development	INDONESIA		20.00	%			615,860		540,011
S-Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		40.00	%			108,000		104,244
Pioneer Gas Power Limited(*8)	Power generation	INDIA		40.00	%			49,831		50,668
Eurasia Energy Holdings	Power generation and resources development	RUSSIA		40.00	%			461		—
Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	LAOS		25.00	%			23,474		22,152
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.(*3)	Power generation	KOREA		19.80	%			793		853
Hadong Mineral Fiber Co., Ltd.	Recycling fly ashes	KOREA		25.00	%			50		3
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		34.00	%			714		—
PT. Mutiara Jawa	Manufacturing and operating floating coal terminal	INDONESIA		29.00	%			2,978		818
Samcheok Eco Material Co., Ltd.(*3, 11)	Recycling fly ashes	KOREA		2.67	%			686		212
Noeul Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		20.00	%			200		189
Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		25.00	%			29,200		28,064
Goseong Green Energy Co., Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	KOREA		9.67	%			2,900		2,586
Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	KOREA		6.04	%			2,900		2,783
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		40.00	%			40		—
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		28.00	%			193		221
DS POWER Co., Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	KOREA		10.91	%			17,900		15,642
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		33.61	%			107,958		100,545
KS Solar Corp. Ltd.(*3)	Power generation	KOREA		19.00	%			637		325
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	KOREA		10.00	%			1,400		1,741
Jinbhuvish Power Generation Pvt. Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	INDIA		5.16	%			9,000		8,344
SE Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Power generation support	KOREA		47.76	%			3,821		3,623
Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.00	%			1,230		1,581
Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		40.00	%			800		93
Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd.	Construction and service	KOREA		29.00	%			290		1,334

								2,095,419		4,341,830

<Joint ventures>
KEPCO-Uhde Inc.(*7)	Power generation	KOREA		66.00	%			11,355		9,042
Eco Biomass Energy Sdn. Bhd.(*7)	Power generation	MALAYSIA		61.53	%			9,661		—
Datang Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	CHINA		40.00	%			27,660		27,514

F-78


2014
Investees	Key operation activities	Location	Percentage of ownership				Acquisition cost		Book value
							In millions of won
Shuweihat Asia Power Investment B.V.	Holding company	NETHERLANDS		49.00	%	￦		60,083		16,241
Shuweihat Asia Operation & Maintenance Company(*7)	Maintenance of utility plant	CAYMAN		55.00	%			30		345
Waterbury Lake Uranium L.P.	Resources development	CANADA		40.00	%			26,601		22,010
ASM-BG Investicii AD	Power generation	BULGARIA		50.00	%			16,101		19,608
RES Technology AD	Power generation	BULGARIA		50.00	%			15,595		14,725
KV Holdings, Inc.	Power generation	PHILIPPINES		40.00	%			2,103		1,902
KEPCO SPC Power Corporation(*7)	Construction and operation of utility plant	PHILIPPINES		75.20	%			94,579		190,519
Canada Korea Uranium Limited Partnership(*5)	Resources development	CANADA		12.50	%			5,404		—
KEPCO Energy Resource Nigeria Limited	Holding company	NIGERIA		30.00	%			8,463		—
Gansu Datang Yumen Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	CHINA		40.00	%			16,621		17,467
Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	CHINA		40.00	%			121,928		169,496
Datang KEPCO Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	CHINA		40.00	%			10,858		10,539
Rabigh Electricity Company	Power generation	SAUDI ARABIA		40.00	%			109,743		8,121
Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company	Maintenance of utility plant	SAUDI ARABIA		40.00	%			70		4,628
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited	Power generation	JAMAICA		40.00	%			301,910		226,892
KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd.	R&D	KOREA		43.36	%			833		2,899
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		25.00	%			2,100		3,284
GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		34.00	%			204,000		201,409
Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd.	Exporting products and technology of small or medium business by proxy	KOREA		29.00	%			290		343
Expressway Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.00	%			1,856		2,087
KODE NOVUS 1 LLC.	Power generation	USA		50.00	%			19,213		12,207
KODE NOVUS 2 LLC.	Power generation	USA		49.00	%			12,498		8,248
Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		49.90	%			4,990		3,711
Amman Asia Electric Power Company(*7)	Power generation	JORDAN		60.00	%			111,476		122,391
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.(*7)	R&D	KOREA		51.00	%			5,629		4,617
Dangjin Echo Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		33.10	%			40,000		37,837
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.00	%			3,600		3,555
Nepal Water & Energy Development Company Pty Ltd.(*7)	Construction and operation of utility plant	NEPAL		59.61	%			18,568		17,872
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.90	%			15		—
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.(*3)	Power generation	KOREA		15.00	%			3,000		2,962
Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd.	Power generation	VIETNAM		50.00	%			350		102
Kelar S.A(*7)	Power generation	CHILE		65.00	%			4,180		3,156
PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia	Power generation	INDONESIA		35.00	%			747		700
Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.00	%			461		465
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.	Integrated energy business	KOREA		34.00	%			680		—

								1,273,251		1,166,894

						￦		3,368,670		5,508,724

(*1)	The effective percentage of ownership is 21.57% considering treasury stocks.

F-79

(*2)	The Company can exercise significant influence by virtue of its contractual right to appoint directors to the board of directors of the entity, and by strict decision criteria of the Company’s financial and operating policy of the board of directors.

(*3)	The Company can exercise significant influence by virtue of its contractual right to appoint a director to the board of directors of the entity.

(*4)	The Company can exercise significant influence by virtue of its contractual right to appoint one out of four members of the steering committee of the entity. Moreover, the Company has significant financial transactions, which can affect its influence on the entity.

(*5)	The Company has joint control over the associates by virtue of its contractual right to appoint directors to the board of directors of the entity, and by strict decision criteria of the Company’s financial and operating policy of the board of directors.

(*6)

The Government regulates the Company’s ability to make operating and financial decisions over the entity, as the Government requires maintaining arms-length transactions between KPX and the Company’s other subsidiaries. The Company can exercise significant influence by its right to nominate directors to the board of directors of the entity.

(*7)	According to the shareholders’ agreement, all critical financial and operating decisions must be agreed to by all ownership parties. For these reasons, the entities are classified as joint ventures.

(*8)	As of reporting date, the reporting period of all associates and joint ventures ends in December 31, except for Pioneer Gas Power Limited whose reporting period ends on March 31.

(*9)

As of December 31, 2014, 17.3% of ownership of Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd. is held by NH Power ll Co., Ltd. and NH Bank. According to the shareholders’ agreement reached on March 2011, not only does the Company have a call option to acquire the investment in Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd. from NH Power ll Co., Ltd. and NH Bank with a certain rate of return, NH Power ll Co., Ltd. and NH Bank also have put options to dispose of their investment to the Company. In connection with this agreement, the Company applied the equity method on the investment in Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd. with 46.3% of ownership.

(*10)

The Company’s percentage of ownership has decreased due to the acquisitions of Daeryun Power Co., Ltd. and the effective percentage of ownership is 19.45% considering stock purchase options.

(*11)

The Company’s effective percentage of ownership excluding the redeemable convertible preferred stock is 25.54%.


2015
Investees	Key operation activities	Location	Percentage of ownership		Acquisition cost		Book value
					In millions of won
<Associates>
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA	47.80%	￦		76,193		80,267
Korea Gas Corporation(*1)	Importing and wholesaling LNG	KOREA	20.47%			94,500		2,102,813
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.	Electricity metering	KOREA	29.00%			4,727		18,994
YTN Co., Ltd.	Broadcasting	KOREA	21.43%			59,000		38,365
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.	Generating and distributing vapor and hot/cold water	KOREA	43.90%			49,607		19,490
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	KOREA	15.00%			5,725		12,890
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA	29.00%			88,885		113,664
Korea Power Exchange(*6)	Management of power market	KOREA	100.00%			127,839		208,735
AMEC Partners Korea Ltd.(*3)	Resources management	KOREA	19.00%			707		230
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.(*9)	Power generation	KOREA	29.00%			71,070		6,990
Ecollite Co., Ltd.	Artificial light-weight aggregate	KOREA	36.10%			1,516		—
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA	25.00%			3,810		4,956
Muju Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA	25.00%			2,850		2,587
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA	25.00%			3,875		3,402
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.(*3, 10)	Power generation	KOREA	13.13%			25,477		36,156
JinanJangsu Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA	25.00%			100		77
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA	30.00%			3,801		6,143
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA	27.00%			1,296		1,924
SPC Power Corporation	Power generation	PHILIPPINES	38.00%			20,635		58,033
Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd.	Power generation	CHINA	34.00%			413,153		728,396
PT. Cirebon Electric Power	Power generation	INDONESIA	27.50%			40,365		60,574
KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd.(*4)	Resources development	NIGERIA	14.63%			12		—

F-80


2015
Investees	Key operation activities	Location	Percentage of ownership			Acquisition cost		Book value
						In millions of won
KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.(*4)	Resources development	NIGERIA		14.63%			12		—
Dolphin Property Limited(*4)	Rental company	NIGERIA		15.00%			12		61
PT Wampu Electric Power	Power generation	INDONESIA		46.00%			21,292		18,963
PT. Bayan Resources TBK	Resources development	INDONESIA		20.00%			615,860		525,066
S-Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		49.00	%		132,300		130,908
Pioneer Gas Power Limited(*8)	Power generation	INDIA		40.00	%		49,831		51,187
Eurasia Energy Holdings	Power generation and resources development	RUSSIA		40.00	%		461		—
Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	LAOS		25.00	%		32,717		31,863
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.(*3)	Power generation	KOREA		19.80	%		793		925
Hadong Mineral Fiber Co., Ltd.	Recycling fly ashes	KOREA		25.00	%		50		—
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.(*12)	Power generation	KOREA		14.00	%		714		—
PT. Mutiara Jawa	Manufacturing and operating floating coal terminal	INDONESIA		29.00	%		2,978		—
Samcheok Eco Material Co., Ltd.(*3, 11)	Recycling fly ashes	KOREA		2.67	%		686		—
Noeul Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		20.00	%		400		295
Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		25.00	%		29,200		26,746
Goseong Green Energy Co., Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	KOREA		2.90	%		2,900		2,670
Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	KOREA		3.72	%		2,900		2,688
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		40.00	%		40		—
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		28.00	%		194		189
DS POWER Co., Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	KOREA		10.91	%		17,900		10,960
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		33.61	%		107,958		55,667
KS Solar Corp. Ltd.(*3)	Power generation	KOREA		19.00	%		637		618
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	KOREA		10.00	%		1,400		1,290
Jinbhuvish Power Generation Pvt. Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	INDIA		5.16	%		9,000		8,350
SE Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Power generation support	KOREA		47.76	%		3,821		3,575
Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.00	%		1,230		1,886
Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		40.00	%		1,680		702
Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd.	Construction and service	KOREA		29.00	%		290		1,805
Busan Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.00	%		14,564		14,512
Jungbu Bio Energy Co., Ltd.(*2)	Power generation	KOREA		18.87	%		1,000		904
Korea Electric Vehicle Charging Service	Electric vehicle charge service	KOREA		28.00	%		1,596		1,446
Ulleungdo Natural Energy Co., Ltd.	Renewable power generation	KOREA		29.85	%		8,000		7,417
Korea Nuclear Partners Co., Ltd.	Electric material agency	KOREA		29.00	%		290		289

							2,157,849		4,405,668

<Joint ventures>
KEPCO-Uhde Inc.(*7)	Power generation	KOREA		52.80	%		11,355		8,549
Eco Biomass Energy Sdn. Bhd.(*7)	Power generation	MALAYSIA		61.53	%		9,661		—
Datang Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	CHINA		40.00	%		27,660		27,640
Shuweihat Asia Power Investment B.V.	Holding company	NETHERLANDS		49.00	%		60,191		20,474

F-81


2015
Investees	Key operation activities	Location	Percentage of ownership				Acquisition cost		Book value
							In millions of won
Shuweihat Asia Operation & Maintenance Company(*7)	Maintenance of utility plant	CAYMAN		55.00	%	￦		30		486
Waterbury Lake Uranium L.P.	Resources development	CANADA		40.00	%			26,602		20,299
ASM-BG Investicii AD	Power generation	BULGARIA		50.00	%			16,101		20,203
RES Technology AD	Power generation	BULGARIA		50.00	%			15,595		13,789
KV Holdings, Inc.	Power generation	PHILIPPINES		40.00	%			2,103		2,010
KEPCO SPC Power Corporation(*7)	Construction and operation of utility plant	PHILIPPINES		75.20	%			94,579		208,524
Canada Korea Uranium Limited Partnership(*5)	Resources development	CANADA		12.50	%			5,404		—
KEPCO Energy Resource Nigeria Limited	Holding company	NIGERIA		30.00	%			8,463		—
Gansu Datang Yumen Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	CHINA		40.00	%			16,621		16,107
Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	CHINA		40.00	%			121,928		171,224
Datang KEPCO Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	CHINA		40.00	%			10,858		10,580
Rabigh Electricity Company	Power generation	SAUDI ARABIA		40.00	%			109,743		59,368
Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company	Maintenance of utility plant	SAUDI ARABIA		40.00	%			70		3,586
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited	Power generation	JAMAICA		40.00	%			301,910		241,918
KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd.	R&D	KOREA		43.36	%			833		4,985
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		25.00	%			2,100		3,678
GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		34.00	%			204,000		200,379
Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd.	Exporting products and technology of small or medium business by proxy	KOREA		29.00	%			290		426
Expressway Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.00	%			1,856		2,100
KODE NOVUS 1 LLC	Power generation	USA		50.00	%			19,213		—
KODE NOVUS 2 LLC	Power generation	USA		49.00	%			12,498		—
Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		49.90	%			4,990		3,352
Amman Asia Electric Power Company(*7)	Power generation	JORDAN		60.00	%			111,476		137,668
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.(*7)	R&D	KOREA		51.00	%			5,629		4,501
Dangjin Echo Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		34.00	%			51,149		48,281
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.00	%			3,600		3,926
Nepal Water & Energy Development Company Pty Ltd.(*7)	Construction and operation of utility plant	NEPAL		52.77	%			18,568		17,765
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.90	%			32,868		31,976
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.(*3)	Power generation	KOREA		15.00	%			3,000		2,668
Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd.	Power generation	VIETNAM		50.00	%			1,072		269
Kelar S.A(*7)	Power generation	CHILE		65.00	%			4,180		—
PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia	Power generation	INDONESIA		35.00	%			746		617
Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.	Power generation	KOREA		29.00	%			461		514
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.	Integrated energy business	KOREA		29.00	%			580		—

								1,317,983		1,287,862

						￦		3,475,832		5,693,530

F-82

(*1)	The effective percentage of ownership is 21.57% considering treasury stocks.

(*2)	The Company can exercise significant influence by virtue of its contractual right to appoint directors to the board of directors of the entity, and by strict decision criteria of the Company’s financial and operating policy of the board of directors.

(*3)	The Company can exercise significant influence by virtue of its contractual right to appoint a director to the board of directors of the entity.

(*4)	The Company can exercise significant influence by virtue of its contractual right to appoint one out of four members of the steering committee of the entity. Moreover, the Company has significant financial transactions, which can affect its influence on the entity.

(*5)	The Company has joint control over the entity by virtue of its contractual right to appoint directors to the board of directors of the entity, and by strict decision criteria of the Company’s financial and operating policy of the board of directors.

(*6)

(*7)	According to the shareholders’ agreement, all critical financial and operating decisions must be agreed to by all ownership parties. For these reasons, the entities are classified as joint ventures.

(*8)	As of reporting date, the reporting period of all associates and joint ventures ends in December 31, except for Pioneer Gas Power Limited whose reporting period ends on March 31.

(*9)

As of December 31, 2015, 17.3% of ownership of Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd. is held by NH Power ll Co., Ltd. and NH Bank. According to the shareholders’ agreement reached on March 2011, not only does the Company have a call option to acquire the investment in Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd. from NH Power ll Co., Ltd. and NH Bank with a certain rate of return, NH Power ll Co., Ltd. and NH Bank also have put options to dispose of their investment to the Company. In connection with this agreement, the Company applied the equity method on the investment in Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd. with 46.30% of ownership.

(*10)

The effective percentage of ownership is 19.45% considering stock purchase options.

(*11)

The Company’s effective percentage of ownership excluding the redeemable convertible preferred stock is 25.54%.

(*12)

The effective percentage of ownership is less than 20% but the Company can exercise significant influence by virtue of its contractual right to appoint a director to the board of directors of the entity and the fact that the dominant portion of the investee’s sales transactions is generated from the Company.

(2)

The fair value of associates which are actively traded on the open market and have a readily available market value as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


Investees		2014		2015
		In millions of won
<Associates>
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.	￦		60,506		46,514
Korea Gas Corporation(*)			936,495		696,465
YTN Co., Ltd.			23,940		26,235
SPC Power Corporation			65,888		65,552
PT. Bayan Resources TBK			391,463		446,250

(*)

The carrying amount of Korea Gas Corporation (“KOGAS”) is ￦2,102,813 million as of December 31, 2015 and management has determined that there is objective evidence of impairment. As a result of the impairment test, the Company has not recognized any impairment loss as the value in use is greater than the carrying amount. The recoverable amount of KOGAS based on its value in use is calculated by considering the long-term natural gas supply and demand programs of future cash flows approved by Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy and the discount rate of 4.55%.

F-83

(3)

Changes in investments in associates and joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
Investees		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal			Dividends received			Share of income (loss)			Other comprehensive income (loss)			Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
<Associates>
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	￦		74,878		—		—			—			(3,494	)		3			—			71,387
Korea Gas Corporation			1,926,800		—		—			—			96,457			69,489			4,793			2,097,539
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.			22,450		—		—			(1,872	)		2,275			—			(1,231	)		21,622
YTN Co., Ltd.			38,426		—		—			(90	)		2,423			(26	)		(844	)		39,889
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.			28,114		5,707		—			—			(5,023	)		(27	)		—			28,771
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.			13,185		—		—			(1,988	)		1,155			33			—			12,385
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.			110,157		—		—			(8,889	)		11,764			—			1			113,033
Korea Power Exchange			189,544		—		—			—			13,274			—			(4,797	)		198,021
AMEC Partners Korea Ltd.			189		—		—			—			11			—			—			200
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.			43,386		—		—			—			(7,461	)		—			—			35,925
Ecollite Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.			5,553		—		—			(991	)		963			—			—			5,525
Alternergy Philippine Investments Corporation			1,500		—		(1,497	)		—			(7	)		228			(224	)		—
Muju Wind Power Co., Ltd.			2,707		—		—			—			—			—			(1	)		2,706
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.			600		3,238		—			—			(128	)		(17	)		—			3,693
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.			24,599		—		—			—			(1,748	)		—			19,100			41,951
JinanJangsu Wind Power Co., Ltd.			77		—		—			—			—			—			—			77
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.			6,344		—		—			(1,292	)		1,434			—			—			6,486
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.			1,372		—		—			—			372			—			—			1,744
SPC Power Corporation			47,661		—		—			—			(1,800	)		335			1,603			47,799
Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd.			608,674		—		—			(6,905	)		54,368			11,441			—			667,578
PT. Cirebon Electric Power			32,826		1,148		—			—			6,303			3,058			—			43,335
KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Dolphin Property Limited			—		—		—			—			184			(8	)		(115	)		61
E-Power S.A.			5,284		—		(5,041	)		(1,431	)		1,173			15			—			—
PT Wampu Electric Power			15,121		—		—			—			308			642			—			16,071
PT. Bayan Resources TBK			579,534		—		—			—			(30,565	)		(8,958	)		—			540,011
S-Power Co., Ltd.			107,264		—		—			—			(3,020	)		—			—			104,244
Pioneer Gas Power Limited			43,666		1,122		—			—			298			5,582			—			50,668
Eurasia Energy Holdings			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.			18,058		4,546		—			—			(915	)		753			(290	)		22,152
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.			741		—		—			—			112			—			—			853
Hadong Mineral Fiber Co., Ltd.			3		—		—			—			—			—			—			3
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.			171		—		—			—			(171	)		—			—			—
Gumi-ochang Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.			389		—		(399	)		(14	)		24			—			—			—
Chungbuk Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.			184		—		(192	)		—			8			—			—			—
Cheonan Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.			148		—		(138	)		—			(10	)		—			—			—
PT. Mutiara Jawa			1,666		—		—			—			(885	)		37			—			818
Samcheok Eco Material Co., Ltd.			—		686		—			—			(474	)		—			—			212
Noeul Green Energy Co., Ltd.			—		200		—			—			(11	)		—			—			189
Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd.			—		29,200		—			—			(995	)		(141	)		—			28,064
Goseong Green Energy Co., Ltd.			—		2,900		—			—			(311	)		—			(3	)		2,586
Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd.			—		2,900		—			—			(117	)		—			—			2,783
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.			—		40		—			—			(40	)		—			—			—
Hyundai Asan Solar Power Co., Ltd.			462		—		(430	)		—			(32	)		—			—			—
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.			91		101		—			—			31			(2	)		—			221

F-84


		2014
Investees		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal			Dividends received			Share of income (loss)			Other comprehensive income (loss)			Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Jeonnam Solar Co., Ltd.	￦		696		—		(941	)		—			241			4			—			—
DS POWER Co., Ltd.			17,900		—		—			—			(2,258	)		—			—			15,642
D Solar Energy Co., Ltd.			364		—		(418	)		—			54			—			—			—
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.			134,398		—		(29,782	)		—			(4,071	)		—			—			100,545
KS Solar Corp. Ltd.			537		—		—			—			(202	)		(10	)		—			325
KOSCON Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.			315		—		(351	)		—			36			—			—			—
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.			908		—		(410	)		—			1,239			3			1			1,741
Yeonan Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.			123		—		(128	)		—			5			—			—			—
Q1 Solar Co., Ltd.			983		—		(1,123	)		—			140			—			—			—
Jinbhuvish Power Generation Pvt. Ltd.			8,495		—		—			—			(197	)		46			—			8,344
Best Solar Energy Co., Ltd.			898		—		(1,242	)		—			344			—			—			—
Seokcheon Solar Power Co., Ltd.			1,046		—		(1,041	)		(49	)		48			1			(5	)		—
SE Green Energy Co., Ltd.			3,745		—		—			—			(122	)		—			—			3,623
Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.			1,334		—		—			—			247			—			—			1,581
Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			324		—		—			—			(231	)		—			—			93
Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd.			585		—		—			—			787			—			(38	)		1,334
Golden Route J Solar Power Co., Ltd.			99		—		(75	)		—			(24	)		—			—			—

			4,124,574		51,788		(43,208	)		(23,521	)		131,766			82,481			17,950			4,341,830

<Joint ventures>
KEPCO-Uhde Inc.			9,537		—		—			—			(493	)		—			(2	)		9,042
Eco Biomass Energy Sdn. Bhd.			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Datang Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			28,161		—		—			(740	)		(346	)		439			—			27,514
Shuweihat Asia Power Investment B.V.			64		59,576		—			—			6,077			(49,428	)		(48	)		16,241
Shuweihat Asia Operation & Maintenance Company			29		—		—			(869	)		1,172			14			(1	)		345
Waterbury Lake Uranium L.P.			23,042		762		—			—			—			1,285			(3,079	)		22,010
ASM-BG Investicii AD			20,088		—		—			—			1,131			(1,611	)		—			19,608
RES Technology AD			16,045		—		—			—			(78	)		(1,242	)		—			14,725
KV Holdings, Inc.			1,842		—		—			—			—			60			—			1,902
KEPCO SPC Power Corporation			143,294		—		—			(8,069	)		48,623			6,640			31			190,519
Canada Korea Uranium Limited Partnership			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
KEPCO Energy Resource Nigeria Limited			2,202		—		—			—			(2,190	)		(12	)		—			—
Gansu Datang Yumen Wind Power Co., Ltd.			19,237		—		—			—			(2,012	)		242			—			17,467
Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			166,330		—		—			(8,951	)		9,144			2,973			—			169,496
Datang KEPCO Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			10,604		—		—			(788	)		531			192			—			10,539
Rabigh Electricity Company			—		—		—			—			25,040			(18,709	)		1,790			8,121
Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company			4,082		—		—			(2,546	)		2,945			147			—			4,628
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited(*)			268,022		—		—			—			—			—			(41,130	)		226,892
KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd.			2,476		—		—			(1,399	)		1,821			—			1			2,899
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.			2,871		—		—			—			423			(10	)		—			3,284
GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.			173,915		117,600		(88,962	)		—			(580	)		(161	)		(403	)		201,409
YEONGAM Wind Power Co., Ltd.			11,424		—		(12,533	)		—			1,109			—			—			—
Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd.			249		—		—			—			94			—			—			343

F-85


		2014
Investees		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal			Dividends received			Share of income (loss)			Other comprehensive income (loss)			Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Expressway Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd.	￦		1,863		—		(1,276	)		(237	)		1,737			—			—			2,087
KODE NOVUS 1 LLC.			14,237		—		—			—			(2,324	)		294			—			12,207
KODE NOVUS 2 LLC.			9,510		—		—			—			(1,592	)		330			—			8,248
Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.			4,135		—		—			—			(424	)		—			—			3,711
Amman Asia Electric Power Company			111,315		6,755		—			—			23,324			(19,003	)		—			122,391
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.			4,758		—		—			—			(141	)		—			—			4,617
Dangjin Echo Power Co., Ltd.			39,102		—		—			—			(1,235	)		(35	)		5			37,837
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			1,933		—		—			—			248			1,254			120			3,555
Nepal Water & Energy Development Company Pty Ltd.			10,409		8,018		—			—			(928	)		373			—			17,872
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.			—		15		—			—			(15	)		—			—			—
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.			—		3,000		—			—			(33	)		—			(5	)		2,962
Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd.			—		350		—			—			(268	)		(14	)		34			102
Kelar S.A			4,180		—		—			—			(1,047	)		407			(384	)		3,156
PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia			361		359		—			—			(60	)		39			1			700
Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.			449		—		—			—			9			—			7			465
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.			415		—		—			—			(415	)		—			—			—

			1,106,181		196,435		(102,771	)		(23,599	)		109,247			(75,536	)		(43,063	)		1,166,894

	￦		5,230,755		248,223		(145,979	)		(47,120	)		241,013			6,945			(25,113	)		5,508,724

(*)

It has been determined that there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events including that a financial institution granted Jamaica Public Service Company Limited (“JPS”) a concession that the financial institution would not otherwise consider. As of December 31, 2014, as a result of the impairment test, the recoverable amount of JPS is less than its carrying amount and an impairment loss of ￦52,279 million is recognized in profit or loss. The recoverable amount of JPS is its value in use which is calculated based on the most recent financial budget of future cash flows for a period of 10 years approved by management and the discount rate used to calculate the value in use is 10.15%.


		2015
Investees		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal		Dividends received			Share of income (loss)			Other comprehensive income (loss)			Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
<Associates>
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	￦		71,387		—		—		—			8,902			—			(22	)		80,267
Korea Gas Corporation			2,097,539		—		—		(4,725	)		67,949			(55,453	)		(2,497	)		2,102,813
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.			21,622		—		—		(1,267	)		(1,792	)		—			431			18,994
YTN Co., Ltd.			39,889		—		—		(90	)		(188	)		(935	)		(311	)		38,365
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.			28,771		—		—		—			(9,281	)		—			—			19,490
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.			12,385		—		—		(852	)		1,279			78			—			12,890
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.			113,033		—		—		(8,889	)		9,520			—			—			113,664
Korea Power Exchange			198,021		—		—		—			9,944			—			770			208,735
AMEC Partners Korea Ltd.			200		—		—		—			30			—			—			230
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd. (*1)			35,925		—		—		—			(13,731	)		—			(15,204	)		6,990
Ecollite Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.			5,525		—		—		—			(569	)		—			—			4,956
Muju Wind Power Co., Ltd.			2,706		—		—		—			(119	)		—			—			2,587
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.			3,693		—		—		—			(291	)		—			—			3,402
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.			41,951		—		—		—			(5,798	)		—			3			36,156
JinanJangsu Wind Power Co., Ltd.			77		—		—		—			—			—			—			77

F-86


		2015
Investees		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal		Dividends received			Share of income (loss)			Other comprehensive income (loss)			Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.	￦		6,486		—		—		—			(343	)		—			—			6,143
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.			1,744		—		—		—			178			2			—			1,924
SPC Power Corporation			47,799		—		—		(1,349	)		5,375			381			5,827			58,033
Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd.			667,578		—		—		(37,163	)		51,766			89,481			(43,266	)		728,396
PT. Cirebon Electric Power			43,335		—		—		—			12,210			5,029			—			60,574
KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—			(880	)		(641	)		1,521			—
KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—			(1,092	)		(599	)		1,691			—
Dolphin Property Limited			61		—		—		—			—			—			—			61
PT Wampu Electric Power			16,071		2,357		—		—			(600	)		1,135			—			18,963
PT. Bayan Resources TBK			540,011		—		—		—			(11,341	)		(3,604	)		—			525,066
S-Power Co., Ltd.			104,244		24,300		—		—			2,364			—			—			130,908
Pioneer Gas Power Limited			50,668		—		—		—			59			460			—			51,187
Eurasia Energy Holdings			—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.			22,152		9,244		—		—			(749	)		1,216			—			31,863
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.			853		—		—		—			72			—			—			925
Hadong Mineral Fiber Co., Ltd.			3		—		—		—			(3	)		—			—			—
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—
PT. Mutiara Jawa			818		—		—		—			(818	)		—			—			—
Samcheok Eco Material Co., Ltd.			212		—		—		—			(178	)		(34	)		—			—
Noeul Green Energy Co., Ltd.			189		200		—		—			(91	)		(3	)		—			295
Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd.			28,064		—		—		—			(1,318	)		—			—			26,746
Goseong Green Energy Co., Ltd.			2,586		—		—		—			84			—			—			2,670
Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd.			2,783		—		—		—			(95	)		—			—			2,688
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.			—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.			221		—		—		—			(32	)		—			—			189
DS POWER Co., Ltd.			15,642		—		—		—			(4,671	)		—			(11	)		10,960
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd. (*2)			100,545		—		—		—			(3,412	)		—			(41,466	)		55,667
KS Solar Corp. Ltd.			325		—		—		—			293			—			—			618
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.			1,741		—		—		—			(451	)		—			—			1,290
Jinbhuvish Power Generation Pvt. Ltd.			8,344		—		—		—			(42	)		48			—			8,350
SE Green Energy Co., Ltd.			3,623		—		—		—			(48	)		—			—			3,575
Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.			1,581		—		—		—			305			—			—			1,886
Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			93		880		—		—			(271	)		—			—			702
Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd.			1,334		—		—		(44	)		542			—			(27	)		1,805
Busan Green Energy Co., Ltd.			—		14,564		—		—			(52	)		—			—			14,512
Jungbu Bio Energy Co., Ltd.			—		1,000		—		—			(96	)		—			—			904
Korea Electric Vehicle Charging Service			—		1,596		—		—			(135	)		—			(15	)		1,446
Ulleungdo Natural Energy Co., Ltd.			—		8,000		—		—			(583	)		—			—			7,417
Korea Nuclear Partners Co., Ltd.			—		290		—		—			(1	)		—			—			289

			4,341,830		62,431		—		(54,379	)		111,801			36,561			(92,576	)		4,405,668

<Joint ventures>
KEPCO-Uhde Inc.			9,042		—		—		—			(493	)		—			—			8,549
Eco Biomass Energy Sdn. Bhd.			—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—
Datang Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			27,514		—		—		—			(135	)		261			—			27,640
Shuweihat Asia Power Investment B.V.			16,241		108		—		—			4,008			117			—			20,474
Shuweihat Asia Operation & Maintenance Company			345		—		—		(798	)		922			24			(7	)		486
Waterbury Lake Uranium L.P.			22,010		—		—		—			—			(2,507	)		796			20,299
ASM-BG Investicii AD			19,608		—		—		—			1,384			(789	)		—			20,203
RES Technology AD			14,725		—		—		—			(318	)		(618	)		—			13,789
KV Holdings, Inc.			1,902		—		—		—			74			34			—			2,010
KEPCO SPC Power Corporation			190,519		—		—		(28,986	)		43,801			3,190			—			208,524
Canada Korea Uranium Limited Partnership			—		—		—		—			—			—			—			—

F-87


		2015
Investees		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Disposal			Dividends received			Share of income (loss)			Other comprehensive income (loss)			Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
KEPCO Energy Resource Nigeria Limited	￦		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—
Gansu Datang Yumen Wind Power Co., Ltd.			17,467		—		—			—			(1,546	)		186			—			16,107
Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			169,496		—		—			(8,239	)		8,512			1,464			(9	)		171,224
Datang KEPCO Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			10,539		—		—			—			(33	)		74			—			10,580
Rabigh Electricity Company			8,121		—		—			—			21,582			29,703			(38	)		59,368
Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company			4,628		—		—			(1,780	)		533			205			—			3,586
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited			226,892		—		—			—			—			15,027			(1	)		241,918
KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd.			2,899		—		—			(1,016	)		3,065			—			37			4,985
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.			3,284		—		—			—			394			—			—			3,678
GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.			201,409		—		—			—			(1,064	)		—			34			200,379
Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd.			343		—		—			—			83			—			—			426
Expressway Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd.			2,087		—		—			—			13			—			—			2,100
KODE NOVUS 1 LLC			12,207		—		—			—			(11,639	)		588			(1,156	)		—
KODE NOVUS 2 LLC			8,248		—		—			—			(8,104	)		413			(557	)		—
Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.			3,711		—		—			—			(359	)		—			—			3,352
Amman Asia Electric Power Company			122,391		—		—			(19,510	)		25,131			10,244			(588	)		137,668
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.			4,617		—		—			—			(98	)		—			(18	)		4,501
Dangjin Echo Power Co., Ltd.			37,837		20,000		(8,851	)		—			(712	)		70			(63	)		48,281
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			3,555		—		—			—			371			—			—			3,926
Nepal Water & Energy Development Company Pty Ltd.			17,872		—		—			—			(1,277	)		1,170			—			17,765
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.			—		32,853		—			—			(719	)		(158	)		—			31,976
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.			2,962		—		—			—			(294	)		—			—			2,668
Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd.			102		722		—			—			(562	)		2			5			269
Kelar S.A			3,156		—		—			—			—			(407	)		(2,749	)		—
PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia			700		—		—			—			(98	)		—			15			617
Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.			465		—		—			—			49			—			—			514
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.			—		—		(100	)		—			—			—			100			—

			1,166,894		53,683		(8,951	)		(60,329	)		82,471			58,293			(4,199	)		1,287,862

	￦		5,508,724		116,114		(8,951	)		(114,708	)		194,272			94,854			(96,775	)		5,693,530

(*1)	‘Others’ include ￦15,204 million of assets held-for-sale (note 42).

(*2)	‘Others’ include ￦41,170 million of assets held-for-sale (note 42).

F-88

(4)

Summary of financial information of associates and joint ventures as of and for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
Investees		Total assets		Total liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
		In millions of won
<Associates>
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	￦		666,935		517,892		43,908		(7,310	)
Korea Gas Corporation			46,772,022		37,047,686		37,273,360		447,183
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.			151,511		76,953		329,215		13,118
YTN Co., Ltd.			335,740		149,337		114,743		11,289
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.			443,672		384,020		47,075		(11,585	)
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.			123,242		41,002		28,829		11,708
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.			1,215,849		826,080		503,197		40,797
Korea Power Exchange			223,080		25,059		86,735		13,289
AMEC Partners Korea Ltd.			1,234		180		671		60
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.			549,560		467,245		88,001		(16,214	)
Ecollite Co., Ltd.			2,467		443		—		39
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.			50,776		28,677		10,362		3,856
Muju Wind Power Co., Ltd.			10,826		—		—		(4	)
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.			14,772		2		—		(513	)
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.			832,682		622,244		338,191		(9,213	)
JinanJangsu Wind Power Co., Ltd.			308		—		—		(1	)
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.			42,349		20,730		10,487		4,741
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.			28,451		21,992		4,913		1,315
SPC Power Corporation			174,917		49,131		63,969		30,959
Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd.			5,690,748		3,727,276		1,497,330		183,604
PT. Cirebon Electric Power			985,975		828,393		266,963		23,363
KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd.			247,785		310,719		—		(7,157	)
KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.			150,644		208,323		—		(6,395	)
Dolphin Property Limited			301		4		28		330
PT Wampu Electric Power			172,950		138,012		43,205		(5,121	)
PT. Bayan Resources TBK			1,221,538		1,032,312		872,876		(119,250	)
S-Power Co., Ltd.			944,442		678,431		56,822		(2,215	)
Pioneer Gas Power Limited			237,922		169,289		—		96
Eurasia Energy Holdings			562		1,003		—		—
Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.			248,773		181,560		—		(2,326	)
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.			27,512		23,202		4,489		579
Hadong Mineral Fiber Co., Ltd.			12		2		—		(1	)
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.			9,378		9,745		2,062		(871	)
PT. Mutiara Jawa			28,407		25,827		15		(3,114	)
Samcheok Eco Material Co., Ltd.			23,831		—		—		(1,855	)
Noeul Green Energy Co., Ltd.			1,045		101		—		(56	)
Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd.			118,202		5,944		1,283		(3,978	)
Goseong Green Energy Co., Ltd.			27,540		789		—		(3,115	)
Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd.			47,009		953		—		(1,756	)
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.			5,075		5,794		—		(819	)
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.			3,422		2,632		289		111
DS POWER Co., Ltd.			417,861		296,862		44,819		(2,662	)
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.			1,516,412		1,201,566		—		615

F-89


		2014
Investees		Total assets		Total liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
		In millions of won
KS Solar Corp. Ltd.	￦		30,937		29,225		3,465		(1,149	)
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.			146,917		129,511		14,393		4,981
Jinbhuvish Power Generation Pvt. Ltd.			77,510		21,414		—		(3,817	)
SE Green Energy Co., Ltd.			7,587		—		—		(255	)
Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.			22,340		16,887		3,633		739
Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			241		9		—		(472	)
Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd.			7,410		2,809		18,859		3,171

<Joint ventures>
KEPCO-Uhde Inc.			16,424		2,747		—		(819	)
Eco Biomass Energy Sdn. Bhd.			—		—		—		—
Datang Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			158,646		89,862		16,946		(540	)
Shuweihat Asia Power Investment B.V.			33,315		2		—		12,379
Shuweihat Asia Operation & Maintenance Company			639		11		2,713		2,129
Waterbury Lake Uranium L.P.			56,797		2		—		—
ASM-BG Investicii AD			91,205		51,990		13,137		2,012
RES Technology AD			82,721		53,272		8,757		(307	)
KV Holdings, Inc.			4,755		—		—		—
KEPCO SPC Power Corporation			464,305		210,956		169,615		63,005
Canada Korea Uranium Limited Partnership			35,990		132		—		(18	)
KEPCO Energy Resource Nigeria Limited			378,677		399,871		—		(29,048	)
Gansu Datang Yumen Wind Power Co., Ltd.			106,283		62,616		7,814		(4,399	)
Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			902,645		478,805		100,712		22,849
Datang KEPCO Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			70,354		44,005		8,464		1,444
Rabigh Electricity Company			2,544,622		2,325,205		284,837		57,444
Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company			16,667		5,097		22,911		7,417
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited			1,100,431		725,307		841,390		13,183
KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd.			25,591		19,115		9,722		4,200
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.			53,399		40,261		8,115		1,320
GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.			975,489		383,111		—		(1,389	)
Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd.			1,690		509		5,037		322
Expressway Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd.			22,046		14,849		3,181		22
KODE NOVUS 1 LLC.			115,584		100,636		6,490		(4,648	)
KODE NOVUS 2 LLC.			57,355		40,521		3,454		(3,034	)
Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.			7,443		6		—		(849	)
Amman Asia Electric Power Company			840,505		636,383		74,489		38,844
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.			24,203		15,150		18,536		(277	)
Dangjin Echo Power Co., Ltd.			125,481		16,112		—		(3,710	)
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			41,041		28,892		4,873		1,311
Nepal Water & Energy Development Company Pty Ltd.			37,541		9,193		—		(1,228	)
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.			63,481		63,509		—		(78	)
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power CO., Ltd.			97,043		77,298		—		(218	)
Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd.			318		111		—		(536	)
Kelar S.A			222,068		221,210		—		(1,610	)

F-90


		2014
Investees		Total assets		Total liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
		In millions of won
PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia	￦		19,190		17,193		5,313		(175	)
Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.			9,950		8,346		1,299		57
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.			16,920		17,078		—		(1,379	)


		2015
Investees		Total assets		Total liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
		In millions of won
<Associates>
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	￦		639,118		471,497		321,273		18,625
Korea Gas Corporation			42,385,340		32,328,396		26,052,724		319,190
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.			142,835		77,340		324,162		9,855
YTN Co., Ltd.			305,799		126,561		117,418		(520	)
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.			458,205		419,353		48,519		(21,108	)
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.			114,600		28,994		21,941		8,529
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.			1,182,352		790,407		486,435		31,011
Korea Power Exchange			236,199		27,464		87,400		9,303
AMEC Partners Korea Ltd.			1,332		123		511		155
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.			526,305		473,736		80,067		(29,749	)
Ecollite Co., Ltd.			2,271		345		—		(97	)
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.			48,009		26,212		6,626		(302	)
Muju Wind Power Co., Ltd.			10,349		—		—		(477	)
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.			62,565		48,959		—		(1,164	)
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.			838,199		657,551		279,787		(29,806	)
JinanJangsu Wind Power Co., Ltd.			306		—		—		(1	)
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.			41,444		19,053		6,472		772
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.			27,254		20,105		4,399		861
SPC Power Corporation			182,908		30,191		68,149		37,395
Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd.			5,956,288		3,940,455		902,008		95,064
PT. Cirebon Electric Power			1,026,729		806,458		295,788		43,968
KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd.			264,434		337,762		—		(6,069	)
KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.			160,765		230,001		—		(7,386	)
Dolphin Property Limited			300		1		—		8
PT Wampu Electric Power			201,383		160,159		17,476		(2,696	)
PT. Bayan Resources TBK			1,043,143		901,952		461,349		(30,014	)
S-Power Co., Ltd.			935,870		664,523		632,073		5,336
Pioneer Gas Power Limited			310,761		240,833		—		148
Eurasia Energy Holdings			599		1,069		—		—
Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.			506,970		341,261		—		2,760
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.			26,059		21,367		4,267		383
Hadong Mineral Fiber Co., Ltd.			2		21		—		(30	)
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.			10,664		9,343		4,136		(1,323	)
PT. Mutiara Jawa			25,013		29,913		1,943		(7,247	)
Samcheok Eco Material Co., Ltd.			23,119		735		—		(2,171	)
Noeul Green Energy Co., Ltd.			1,517		44		—		(446	)
Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd.			108,167		1,184		3,126		(5,274	)
Goseong Green Energy Co., Ltd.			95,323		3,248		—		(4,312	)
Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd.			81,459		9,163		—		(3,610	)

F-91


		2015
Investees		Total assets		Total liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
		In millions of won
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.	￦		25,875		29,190		—		(2,595	)
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.			3,128		2,452		490		81
DS POWER Co., Ltd.			641,257		525,524		33,542		(5,759	)
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.			1,668,235		1,397,026		1,003,346		(10,307	)
KS Solar Corp. Ltd.			29,745		26,469		4,667		278
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.			179,852		166,953		12,068		1,831
Jinbhuvish Power Generation Pvt. Ltd.			75,429		19,199		—		(805	)
SE Green Energy Co., Ltd.			7,484		—		—		(103	)
Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.			21,039		14,535		3,977		1,051
Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			2,053		299		—		(621	)
Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd.			9,194		2,968		25,925		2,296
Busan Green Energy Co., Ltd.			50,093		53		—		(180	)
Jungbu Bio Energy Co., Ltd.			5,192		400		—		(508	)
Korea Electric Vehicle Charging Service			9,577		4,412		—		(482	)
Ulleungdo Natural Energy Co., Ltd.			27,113		2,262		—		(1,948	)
Korea Nuclear Partners Co., Ltd.			1,002		6		—		(4	)

<Joint ventures>
KEPCO-Uhde Inc.			17,535		111		—		(765	)
Eco Biomass Energy Sdn. Bhd.			—		—		—		—
Datang Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			150,157		81,056		16,335		(373	)
Shuweihat Asia Power Investment B.V.			41,969		17		—		8,232
Shuweihat Asia Operation & Maintenance Company			885		—		2,318		1,666
Waterbury Lake Uranium L.P.			51,302		4		—		—
ASM-BG Investicii AD			83,766		43,359		12,328		2,833
RES Technology AD			73,261		45,684		7,539		(566	)
KV Holdings, Inc.			5,025		—		—		186
KEPCO SPC Power Corporation			449,553		172,261		175,008		59,610
Canada Korea Uranium Limited Partnership			305		124		—		(19	)
KEPCO Energy Resource Nigeria Limited			380,282		416,959		—		(16,309	)
Gansu Datang Yumen Wind Power Co., Ltd.			98,298		58,030		7,280		(4,507	)
Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			882,914		454,731		103,860		21,900
Datang KEPCO Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			65,110		38,661		7,880		1,216
Rabigh Electricity Company			2,644,825		2,297,194		293,184		53,384
Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company			18,186		9,222		22,203		2,144
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited			1,086,244		657,962		859,728		3,305
KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd.			36,065		24,777		16,217		7,687
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.			51,617		36,903		7,565		1,471
GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.			1,675,986		1,086,534		—		(2,823	)
Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd.			1,547		78		4,849		287
Expressway Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd.			21,154		13,913		2,981		443
KODE NOVUS 1 LLC			64,453		110,030		3,421		(59,389	)
KODE NOVUS 2 LLC			22,500		45,306		1,868		(39,345	)
Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.			6,795		78		—		(606	)
Amman Asia Electric Power Company			875,590		645,998		46,940		41,880

F-92


		2015
Investees		Total assets		Total liabilities		Sales		Profit (loss) for the period
		In millions of won
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.	￦		50,152		41,326		18,849		(611	)
Dangjin Echo Power Co., Ltd.			136,982		945		—		(1,035	)
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			41,527		28,100		5,944		1,266
Nepal Water & Energy Development Company Pty Ltd.			42,644		11,136		—		(647	)
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.			149,025		42,094		—		(2,389	)
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.			104,045		86,257		4,974		(1,956	)
Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd.			771		234		—		(1,111	)
Kelar S.A			375,136		405,618		—		(3,140	)
PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia			37,948		36,185		16,476		(276	)
Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.			10,078		8,306		3,318		301
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.			184,051		184,759		—		(552	)

(5)

Financial information of associates and joint ventures converted to the Company’s shares in net assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
Investees		Net assets			Percentage of ownership (*)			Share in net assets			Investment differential		Intercompany transaction			Others			Book value
		In millions of won
<Associates>
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	￦		149,043			47.80	%		71,242			145		—			—			71,387
Korea Gas Corporation			9,724,336			21.57	%		2,097,539			—		—			—			2,097,539
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.			74,557			29.00	%		21,622			—		—			—			21,622
YTN Co., Ltd.			186,403			21.43	%		39,946			—		(57	)		—			39,889
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.			59,652			43.90	%		26,187			2,584		—			—			28,771
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.			82,239			15.00	%		12,336			—		—			49			12,385
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.			389,768			29.00	%		113,033			—		—			—			113,033
Korea Power Exchange			198,021			100.00	%		198,021			—		—			—			198,021
AMEC Partners Korea Ltd.			1,054			19.00	%		200			—		—			—			200
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.			82,315			46.30	%		38,112			—		(1,162	)		(1,025	)		35,925
Ecollite Co., Ltd.			2,024			36.10	%		731			—		—			(731	)		—
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.			22,099			25.00	%		5,525			—		—			—			5,525
Muju Wind Power Co., Ltd.			10,825			25.00	%		2,706			—		—			—			2,706
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.			14,770			25.00	%		3,693			—		—			—			3,693
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.			210,438			19.45	%		40,930			1,014		—			7			41,951
JinanJangsu Wind Power Co., Ltd.			308			25.00	%		77			—		—			—			77
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.			21,619			30.00	%		6,486			—		—			—			6,486
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.			6,459			27.00	%		1,744			—		—			—			1,744
SPC Power Corporation			125,787			38.00	%		47,799			—		—			—			47,799
Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd.			1,963,472			34.00	%		667,579			—		—			(1	)		667,578
PT. Cirebon Electric Power			157,582			27.50	%		43,335			—		—			—			43,335
KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd.			(62,934	)		14.63	%		(9,207	)		—		—			9,207			—
KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.			(57,679	)		14.63	%		(8,438	)		—		—			8,438			—
Dolphin Property Limited			297			15.00	%		45			—		—			16			61
PT Wampu Electric Power			34,938			46.00	%		16,071			—		—			—			16,071
PT. Bayan Resources TBK			189,227			20.00	%		37,845			502,166		—			—			540,011
S-Power Co., Ltd.			266,011			40.00	%		106,405			—		(2,161	)		—			104,244
Pioneer Gas Power Limited			68,632			40.00	%		27,453			23,147		—			68			50,668
Eurasia Energy Holdings			(441	)		40.00	%		(176	)		—		—			176			—
Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.			67,214			25.00	%		16,803			5,971		(333	)		(289	)		22,152
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.			4,311			19.80	%		853			—		—			—			853
Hadong Mineral Fiber Co., Ltd.			10			25.00	%		3			—		—			—			3
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.			(367	)		34.00	%		(125	)		—		—			125			—
PT. Mutiara Jawa			2,581			29.00	%		748			70		—			—			818

F-93


		2014
Investees		Net assets			Percentage of ownership (*)			Share in net assets			Investment differential		Intercompany transaction			Others			Book value
		In millions of won
Samcheok Eco Material Co., Ltd.	￦		23,831			2.67	%		636			—		—			(424	)		212
Noeul Green Energy Co., Ltd.			944			20.00	%		189			—		—			—			189
Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd.			112,258			25.00	%		28,064			—		—			—			28,064
Goseong Green Energy Co., Ltd.			26,751			9.67	%		2,587			—		—			(1	)		2,586
Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd.			46,055			6.04	%		2,782			—		—			1			2,783
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.			(719	)		40.00	%		(288	)		—		—			288			—
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.			790			28.00	%		221			—		—			—			221
DS POWER Co., Ltd.			121,000			10.91	%		13,201			—		2,441			—			15,642
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.			314,845			33.61	%		105,820			—		(5,275	)		—			100,545
KS Solar Corp. Ltd.			1,712			19.00	%		325			—		—			—			325
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.			17,406			10.00	%		1,741			—		—			—			1,741
Jinbhuvish Power Generation Pvt. Ltd.			56,096			5.16	%		2,895			5,449		—			—			8,344
SE Green Energy Co., Ltd.			7,587			47.76	%		3,623			—		—			—			3,623
Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.			5,453			29.00	%		1,581			—		—			—			1,581
Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			233			40.00	%		93			—		—			—			93
Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd.			4,601			29.00	%		1,334			—		—			—			1,334

<Joint ventures>
KEPCO-Uhde Inc.			13,677			64.02	%		8,756			—		—			286			9,042
Eco Biomass Energy Sdn. Bhd.			—			61.53	%		—			—		—			—			—
Datang Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			68,785			40.00	%		27,514			—		—			—			27,514
Shuweihat Asia Power Investment B.V.			33,312			49.00	%		16,323			—		—			(82	)		16,241
Shuweihat Asia Operation & Maintenance Company			628			55.00	%		346			—		—			(1	)		345
Waterbury Lake Uranium L.P.			56,796			40.00	%		22,718			—		—			(708	)		22,010
ASM-BG Investicii AD			39,215			50.00	%		19,608			—		—			—			19,608
RES Technology AD			29,449			50.00	%		14,725			—		—			—			14,725
KV Holdings, Inc.			4,755			40.00	%		1,902			—		—			—			1,902
KEPCO SPC Power Corporation			253,349			75.20	%		190,519			—		—			—			190,519
Canada Korea Uranium Limited Partnership			35,858			12.50	%		4,482			—		—			(4,482	)		—
KEPCO Energy Resource Nigeria Limited			(21,195	)		30.00	%		(6,358	)		—		—			6,358			—
Gansu Datang Yumen Wind Power Co., Ltd.			43,667			40.00	%		17,467			—		—			—			17,467
Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			423,839			40.00	%		169,536			—		—			(40	)		169,496
Datang KEPCO Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			26,349			40.00	%		10,539			—		—			—			10,539
Rabigh Electricity Company			219,417			40.00	%		87,767			—		(79,646	)		—			8,121
Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company			11,570			40.00	%		4,628			—		—			—			4,628
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited			375,124			40.00	%		150,050			130,726		—			(53,884	)		226,892
KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd.			6,477			43.36	%		2,808			91		—			—			2,899
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.			13,138			25.00	%		3,284			—		—			—			3,284
GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.			592,379			34.00	%		201,409			—		—			—			201,409
Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd.			1,181			29.00	%		343			—		—			—			343
Expressway Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd.			7,197			29.00	%		2,087			—		—			—			2,087
KODE NOVUS 1 LLC.			14,949			50.00	%		7,474			4,733		—			—			12,207
KODE NOVUS 2 LLC.			16,833			49.00	%		8,248			—		—			—			8,248
Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.			7,437			49.90	%		3,711			—		—			—			3,711
Amman Asia Electric Power Company			204,122			60.00	%		122,473			—		—			(82	)		122,391
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.			9,052			51.00	%		4,617			—		—			—			4,617
Dangjin Echo Power Co., Ltd.			109,369			33.10	%		36,201			1,636		—			—			37,837
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			12,149			29.00	%		3,523			32		—			—			3,555
Nepal Water & Energy Development Company Pty Ltd.			28,348			59.62	%		16,900			972		—			—			17,872
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.			(28	)		29.90	%		(8	)		—		—			8			—
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.			19,745			15.00	%		2,962			—		—			—			2,962
Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd.			206			50.00	%		103			—		—			(1	)		102
Kelar S.A			858			65.00	%		558			2,424		—			174			3,156
PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia			1,996			35.00	%		699			—		—			1			700
Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.			1,604			29.00	%		465			—		—			—			465
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.			(158	)		34.00	%		(54	)		—		—			54			—

(*)	The percentage of ownership shown above is after considering the treasury stocks and others.

F-94


		2015
Investees		Net assets			Percentage of ownership (*)			Share in net assets			Investment differential			Intercompany transaction			Others			Book value
		In millions of won
<Associates>
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	￦		167,621			47.80	%		80,123			144			—			—			80,267
Korea Gas Corporation			10,056,944			21.57	%		2,169,283			—			—			(66,470	)		2,102,813
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.			65,495			29.00	%		18,994			—			—			—			18,994
YTN Co., Ltd.			179,238			21.43	%		38,411			—			(43	)		(3	)		38,365
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.			38,852			43.90	%		17,056			2,584			(150	)		—			19,490
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.			85,606			15.00	%		12,841			—			—			49			12,890
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.			391,945			29.00	%		113,664			—			—			—			113,664
Korea Power Exchange			208,735			100.00	%		208,735			—			—			—			208,735
AMEC Partners Korea Ltd.			1,209			19.00	%		230			—			—			—			230
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.			52,569			46.30	%		24,340			—			(1,120	)		(16,230	)		6,990
Ecollite Co., Ltd.			1,926			36.10	%		695			—			—			(695	)		—
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.			21,797			25.00	%		5,449			—			(493	)		—			4,956
Muju Wind Power Co., Ltd.			10,349			25.00	%		2,587			—			—			—			2,587
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.			13,606			25.00	%		3,402			—			—			—			3,402
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.			180,648			19.45	%		35,136			1,014			—			6			36,156
JinanJangsu Wind Power Co., Ltd.			306			25.00	%		77			—			—			—			77
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.			22,391			30.00	%		6,717			—			(574	)		—			6,143
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.			7,149			27.00	%		1,930			—			(6	)		—			1,924
SPC Power Corporation			152,717			38.00	%		58,033			—			—			—			58,033
Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd.			2,015,833			34.00	%		685,383			—			—			43,013			728,396
PT. Cirebon Electric Power			220,271			27.50	%		60,574			—			—			—			60,574
KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd.			(73,328	)		14.63	%		(10,728	)		—			—			10,728			—
KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.			(69,236	)		14.63	%		(10,129	)		—			—			10,129			—
Dolphin Property Limited			299			15.00	%		45			—			—			16			61
PT Wampu Electric Power			41,224			46.00	%		18,963			—			—			—			18,963
PT. Bayan Resources TBK			141,191			20.00	%		28,238			498,089			—			(1,261	)		525,066
S-Power Co., Ltd.			271,347			49.00	%		132,960			—			(2,052	)		—			130,908
Pioneer Gas Power Limited			69,928			40.00	%		27,971			23,147			—			69			51,187
Eurasia Energy Holdings			(470	)		40.00	%		(188	)		—			—			188			—
Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.			165,709			25.00	%		41,427			(8,796	)		(479	)		(289	)		31,863
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.			4,692			19.80	%		929			—			(4	)		—			925
Hadong Mineral Fiber Co., Ltd.			(19	)		25.00	%		(5	)		—			—			5			—
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.			1,321			14.00	%		185			—			—			(185	)		—
PT. Mutiara Jawa			(4,900	)		29.00	%		(1,421	)		70			—			1,351			—
Samcheok Eco Material Co., Ltd.			22,384			2.67	%		598			—			—			(598	)		—
Noeul Green Energy Co., Ltd.			1,473			20.00	%		295			—			—			—			295
Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd.			106,983			25.00	%		26,746			—			—			—			26,746
Goseong Green Energy Co., Ltd.			92,075			2.90	%		2,670			—			—			—			2,670
Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd.			72,296			3.72	%		2,689			—			—			(1	)		2,688
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.			(3,315	)		40.00	%		(1,326	)		—			(1,995	)		3,321			—
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.			676			28.00	%		189			—			—			—			189
DS POWER Co., Ltd.			115,733			10.91	%		12,626			—			(5,940	)		4,274			10,960
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.			271,209			33.61	%		91,153			—			5,398			(40,884	)		55,667
KS Solar Corp. Ltd.			3,276			19.00	%		622			—			(4	)		—			618
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.			12,899			10.00	%		1,290			—			—			—			1,290
Jinbhuvish Power Generation Pvt. Ltd.			56,230			5.16	%		2,901			5,450			—			(1	)		8,350
SE Green Energy Co., Ltd.			7,484			47.76	%		3,575			—			—			—			3,575
Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.			6,504			29.00	%		1,886			—			—			—			1,886
Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			1,754			40.00	%		702			—			—			—			702
Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd.			6,226			29.00	%		1,805			—			—			—			1,805
Busan Green Energy Co., Ltd.			50,040			29.00	%		14,512			—			—			—			14,512
Jungbu Bio Energy Co., Ltd.			4,792			18.87	%		904			—			—			—			904
Korea Electric Vehicle Charging Service			5,165			28.00	%		1,446			—			—			—			1,446
Ulleungdo Natural Energy Co., Ltd.			24,851			29.85	%		7,418			—			—			(1	)		7,417
Korea Nuclear Partners Co., Ltd.			996			29.00	%		289			—			—			—			289

F-95


		2015
Investees		Net assets			Percentage of ownership (*)			Share in net assets			Investment differential			Intercompany transaction			Others			Book value
		In millions of won

<Joint ventures>
KEPCO-Uhde Inc.	￦		17,424			50.85	%		8,860			—			—			(311	)		8,549
Eco Biomass Energy Sdn. Bhd.			—			61.53	%		—			—			—			—			—
Datang Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			69,101			40.00	%		27,640			—			—			—			27,640
Shuweihat Asia Power Investment B.V.			41,952			49.00	%		20,556			—			—			(82	)		20,474
Shuweihat Asia Operation & Maintenance Company			885			55.00	%		487			—			—			(1	)		486
Waterbury Lake Uranium L.P.			51,298			40.00	%		20,519			—			—			(220	)		20,299
ASM-BG Investicii AD			40,407			50.00	%		20,203			—			—			—			20,203
RES Technology AD			27,577			50.00	%		13,789			—			—			—			13,789
KV Holdings, Inc.			5,025			40.00	%		2,010			—			—			—			2,010
KEPCO SPC Power Corporation			277,292			75.20	%		208,524			—			—			—			208,524
Canada Korea Uranium Limited Partnership			181			12.50	%		23			—			—			(23	)		—
KEPCO Energy Resource Nigeria Limited			(36,677	)		30.00	%		(11,003	)		—			—			11,003			—
Gansu Datang Yumen Wind Power Co., Ltd.			40,268			40.00	%		16,107			—			—			—			16,107
Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			428,183			40.00	%		171,273			—			—			(49	)		171,224
Datang KEPCO Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			26,449			40.00	%		10,580			—			—			—			10,580
Rabigh Electricity Company			347,631			40.00	%		139,052			—			(79,646	)		(38	)		59,368
Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company			8,964			40.00	%		3,586			—			—			—			3,586
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited			428,282			40.00	%		171,313			(72,370	)		—			142,975			241,918
KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd.			11,288			43.36	%		4,895			90			—			—			4,985
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.			14,714			25.00	%		3,678			—			—			—			3,678
GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.			589,452			34.00	%		200,414			—			—			(35	)		200,379
Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd.			1,469			29.00	%		426			—			—			—			426
Expressway Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd.			7,241			29.00	%		2,100			—			—			—			2,100
KODE NOVUS 1 LLC			(45,577	)		50.00	%		(22,789	)		4,732			—			18,057			—
KODE NOVUS 2 LLC			(22,806	)		49.00	%		(11,175	)		—			—			11,175			—
Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.			6,717			49.90	%		3,352			—			—			—			3,352
Amman Asia Electric Power Company			229,592			60.00	%		137,755			—			—			(87	)		137,668
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.			8,826			51.00	%		4,501			—			—			—			4,501
Dangjin Echo Power Co., Ltd.			136,037			34.00	%		46,253			2,696			—			(668	)		48,281
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.			13,427			29.00	%		3,894			32			—			—			3,926
Nepal Water & Energy Development Company Pty Ltd.			31,508			52.77	%		16,627			972			—			166			17,765
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.			106,931			29.90	%		31,972			3			—			1			31,976
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.			17,788			15.00	%		2,668			—			—			—			2,668
Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd.			537			50.00	%		268			—			—			1			269
Kelar S.A			(30,482	)		65.00	%		(19,814	)		2,424			—			17,390			—
PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia			1,763			35.00	%		617			—			—			—			617
Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.			1,772			29.00	%		514			—			—			—			514
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.			(708	)		29.00	%		(205	)		—			—			205			—

(*)	The percentage of ownership shown above is after considering the treasury stocks and others.

F-96

(6)

As of December 31, 2014 and 2015, unrecognized equity interest in investments in associates and joint ventures whose book value has been reduced to zero due to accumulated losses are as follows:


		2014				2015
		Unrecognized equity interest		Accumulated unrecognized equity interest		Unrecognized equity interest			Accumulated unrecognized equity interest
		In millions of won
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.	￦		125		125		(125	)		—
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.			288		288		1,038			1,326
KEPCO Energy Resource Nigeria Limited			6,358		6,358		4,645			11,003
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.			8		8		(8	)		—
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.			54		54		152			205
Kelar S.A			—		—		17,389			17,389
Hadong Mineral Fiber Co., Ltd.			—		—		5			5
PT. Mutiara Jawa			—		—		1,351			1,351
Eurasia Energy Holdings			—		—		188			188

(7)

As of December 31, 2015, shareholders’ agreements on investments in associates and joint ventures that may cause future economic costs or cash outflows are as follows:

(i)

Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd.

Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd., issued put options on 8% of its shares to its financial investors, KEPCO Woori Sprott PEF (NPS Co-Pa PEF). If the investment fund is not collected until the maturity date (December 25, 2023, two years extension is possible), PEF can exercise the option at strike price which is the same as a principal investment price (including operating fees ratio of below 1% per annum), and also, the Company provided a performance guarantee on this agreement.

(ii)

Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.

As of December 31, 2015, Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd., an associate of the Company, which engages in the integrated energy business, entered into a project financing loan agreement with a limit of ￦450 billion with Korea Development Bank and others, and the Company guaranteed to create a certain amount of sales profit.

Related to the above project financing, NH Power II Co., Ltd. and National Agricultural Cooperative Federation (“NACF”) has entered into an agreement with Boim Energy Co., Ltd. to acquire shares in Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd. held by Boim Energy Co., Ltd. The Company had placed guarantees for a fixed return on the investment to the financial institutions and had obtained the rights to acquire the investment securities in return preferentially.

In addition, NH Power II Co., Ltd. and NACF have a right, which can be exercised for 30 days starting from 2 months to 1 month prior to 17 years after the termination date of the contract to sell their shares to the Company. Also, if dividends to shareholders’ exceed annual revenue, the excessive amount shall be evenly distributed to Boim Energy Co., Ltd. and the Company.

(iii)

Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.

In case non-controlling shareholders decide to dispose of their shares in Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd. after the warrant period of defect repair for wind power generator has expired, the Company is obligated to acquire those shares at fair value. The acquisition is to be made after the conditions of the acquisition are discussed among the parties involved, with consideration of various factors such as financial status and business situation.

F-97

(iv)

Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.

In case non-controlling shareholders decide to dispose of their shares in Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd. after commercial operation of the power plant has started, the Company is obligated to acquire those shares at fair value. The acquisition is to be made after the conditions of the acquisition are discussed among the parties involved, with the careful consideration of various factors such as financial status and business situation.

(v)

Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.

In case non-controlling shareholders except for financial investors decide to dispose of their shares in Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd. after the construction of the power plant has been completed, the Company is obligated to acquire those shares at fair value.

(vi)

Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.

In case Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd., a co-participant of the joint venture agreement, decides to dispose of its shares in Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd., the Company is obligated to acquire those shares after evaluating the economic feasibility of the facilities installed by Samsung Heavy Industries Co., Ltd.

(vii)

Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.

In case the financial investors decide to dispose of their shares in Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd. within 1 year from the maturity date of subordinated loans, Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd. is obligated to acquire those shares at the negotiated price.

(viii)

DS Power Co., Ltd.

The Company has a right to sell all shares and bonds of DS POWER Co., Ltd. to Daesung Industrial Co., Ltd. and Daesung Industrial Co., Ltd. or an authoritative person appointed by Daesung Industrial Co., Ltd.

(ix)

Samcheok Eco Material Co., Ltd.

The Company has the rights to purchase the stocks should preferred stockholders elect to sell their stocks on the expected sell date (3 years from preferred stock payment date) and is required to guarantee the promised yield when preferred stockholders sell their stocks.

(x)

Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.

The Company has an obligation to invest an additional ￦15 billion in Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd. The obligation may be conducted through acquisition of new shares, converted shares or convertible bonds.

(xi)

Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.

The Company has an obligation to acquire the converted shares up to un-invested balance when Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd. fails to repay the convertible bonds on the maturity date.

F-98

(8)

Significant restrictions on its abilities to associates or joint ventures are as follows:


Company		Nature and extent of any significant restrictions
KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd., KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd. Dolphin Property Limited		The Company has stopped its operation in Nigeria due to an ongoing litigation and payment or retrieval of investments, loans and advances are restricted until the legal dispute is resolved.
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.		Principals on subordinated loans or dividends can only be paid when all conditions of the loan agreement are satisfied or prior written consent of financial institutions is obtained.
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.		Principals on subordinated loans or dividends can only be paid when all conditions of the loan agreement are satisfied or prior written consent of financial institutions is obtained.
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.		Dividends cannot be declared or paid without the prior written consent of the agency, Consus Asset Management Co., Ltd., based on the loan agreement until the principal of a loan is paid off in full.
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.		Financial institutions can reject or defer an approval with regard to the request for fund executions on subordinated loans of shareholders in order to pay senior loans based on the loan agreement.
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.		Principals on subordinated loans or dividends can only be paid when all conditions of the loan agreement are satisfied or prior written consent of financial institutions is obtained.
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.		Only if the condition satisfies the terms of the loan agreements signed by financial institutions, the investors of subordinated credit facility loans can receive payments of principal and interest and dividend. KEB Hana Bank, the deputy, permits the amount of the payments and dividend.
KS Solar Corp. Ltd.		Dividends can only be paid when all conditions of a loan agreement are satisfied.
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.		Principal and interest, dividends to shareholders cannot be paid without written consent of financial institutions.
DS Power Co., Ltd.		Shares cannot be wholly or partially transferred, except as permitted by the agreement.
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.		After 15 years from the completion date of facility which is financed by financial investor’s equity investment, the financial investor and the consolidated entity have appraisal right against Hyundai Steel Company (the “Operating investor”) and the Operating investor can also claim against the financial investor to sell their shares. After 5 years from the completion date of additional facility, the Operating investor has appraisal right against the consolidated entity and the financial investor when self-generating electricity is more profitable to Hyundai Steel Company’s cash flow rather than this business After 5 years from the completion date of the additional facility, if there exists an agreement among those relevant parties, the Operating investor may claim to dispose the entire shares of the consolidated

F-99

Company

Nature and extent of any significant restrictions

entity and the shares owned by financial investor to the Operating investor or to the third parties which designated by the Operating investor.

After 25 years from the completion date or when operation of electricity generation business by Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd. is no longer feasible, the Operating investor may claim to dispose the entire the shares of the consolidated entity and shares owned by financial investor to the Operating investor or to third parties which are designated by the Operating investor.

After 5 years from the completion date of additional facility, if there is no agreement reached within 60 days, even if price of fuel supply fluctuates due to statutory or other force majeure reasons so that Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd. would face excessive gain or loss, the Operating investor (consolidated entity and financial investor) may claim against the consolidated entity and the financial investor (Operating investor) to dispose (acquire) the entire shares.

18	Property, Plant and Equipment

(1)

Property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


			2014
			Acquisition cost		Government grants			Accumulated depreciation			Accumulated impairment *losses()**			Book value
			In millions of won
Land	￦			12,238,488		(3,103	)		—			—			12,235,385
Buildings				13,631,985		(67,700	)		(4,652,109	)		(853	)		8,911,323
Structures				54,734,376		(196,871	)		(16,078,416	)		(1,183	)		38,457,906
Machinery				52,242,176		(108,750	)		(16,735,238	)		(46,230	)		35,351,958
Ships				5,015		—			(3,930	)		—			1,085
Vehicles				208,337		(76	)		(157,761	)		—			50,500
Equipment				965,806		(1,002	)		(754,159	)		—			210,645
Tools				776,321		(862	)		(623,544	)		—			151,915
Construction-in-progress				32,417,619		(123,938	)		—			(38,107	)		32,255,574
Finance lease assets				2,385,251		—			(1,772,856	)		—			612,395
Asset retirement costs				7,849,712		—			(2,495,285	)		—			5,354,427
Others				8,599,484		—			(6,380,098	)		—			2,219,386

		￦		186,054,570		(502,302	)		(49,653,396	)		(86,373	)		135,812,499

F-100


		2015
		Acquisition cost		Government grants			Accumulated depreciation			Accumulated impairment losses(*)			Book value
		In millions of won
Land	￦		12,396,460		(3,147	)		—			—			12,393,313
Buildings			14,936,722		(63,932	)		(5,259,436	)		(854	)		9,612,500
Structures			58,251,296		(193,119	)		(17,991,950	)		(1,184	)		40,065,043
Machinery			57,143,211		(108,935	)		(20,242,232	)		(36,230	)		36,755,814
Ships			4,930		—			(4,144	)		—			786
Vehicles			227,733		(29	)		(167,261	)		—			60,443
Equipment			1,134,376		(1,026	)		(823,805	)		—			309,545
Tools			836,131		(691	)		(675,501	)		—			159,939
Construction-in-progress			35,305,133		(139,898	)		—			(38,107	)		35,127,128
Finance lease assets			2,389,985		—			(1,878,476	)		—			511,509
Asset retirement costs			6,888,547		—			(2,782,460	)		—			4,106,087
Others			9,438,381		—			(7,179,137	)		—			2,259,244

	￦		198,952,905		(510,777	)		(57,004,402	)		(76,375	)		141,361,351

(*)

The Company separately recognizes impairment loss on each asset, reflecting various factors such as physical impairment and others during the replacement.

(2)

Changes in property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Beginning balance			Acquisition			Disposal			Depreciation			Impairment(*1)			Others(*2)			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Land	￦		13,784,026			69,926			(32,912	)		—			—			(1,582,552	)		12,238,488
(Government grants)			(3,137	)		—			63			—			—			(29	)		(3,103	)
Buildings			8,549,697			32,000			(10,706	)		(590,298	)		—			998,330			8,979,023
(Government grants)			(45,396	)		—			200			5,040			—			(27,544	)		(67,700	)
Structures			37,819,108			3,184			(414,659	)		(2,030,010	)		—			3,277,154			38,654,777
(Government grants)			(193,190	)		—			2,018			8,921			—			(14,620	)		(196,871	)
Machinery			33,729,539			271,073			(207,070	)		(3,633,815	)		—			5,300,981			35,460,708
(Government grants)			(101,808	)		—			423			10,102			—			(17,467	)		(108,750	)
Ships			1,422			—			—			(342	)		—			5			1,085
Vehicles			45,719			2,295			(25	)		(21,096	)		—			23,683			50,576
(Government grants)			(83	)		—			—			47			—			(40	)		(76	)
Equipment			187,158			56,214			(171	)		(85,612	)		—			54,058			211,647
(Government grants)			(708	)		—			—			376			—			(670	)		(1,002	)
Tools			139,665			30,806			(1,642	)		(61,113	)		—			45,061			152,777
(Government grants)			(313	)		—			55			144			—			(748	)		(862	)
Construction-in-progress			27,452,029			14,112,746			(1,078	)		—			(38,107	)		(9,146,078	)		32,379,512
(Government grants)			(117,725	)		(42,150	)		—			—			—			35,937			(123,938	)
Finance lease assets			735,185			—			(348	)		(122,088	)		—			(354	)		612,395
Asset retirement cost			5,654,596			—			—			(573,497	)		—			273,328			5,354,427
Others			2,001,812			11,405			(53	)		(702,985	)		—			909,207			2,219,386

	￦		129,637,596			14,547,499			(665,905	)		(7,796,226	)		(38,107	)		127,642			135,812,499

(*1)

Garolim Tidal Power Plant Co., Ltd. (“GTPP”), a 49% owned subsidiary, has not yet started its operation and it is not expected to operate based on the results of the business feasibility study. The Company has considered this to be an impairment indicator and performed an impairment test over the

F-101

individual assets of GTPP. As a result, the Company recognized the amount of the carrying amount in excess of its recoverable amount as impairment loss in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss.

(*2)

‘Others’ include ￦2,090,810 million of assets held for sale (note 42) comprising land, buildings, and structures and the amount is ￦2,021,445 million, ￦69,363 million, and ￦2 million, respectively.


		2015
		Beginning balance			Acquisition			Disposal			Depreciation			Impairment(*1)			Others(*2)			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Land	￦		12,238,488			9,370			(192,496	)		—			—			341,098			12,396,460
(Government grants)			(3,103	)		—			—			—			—			(44	)		(3,147	)
Buildings			8,979,023			12,466			(42,889	)		(633,770	)		—			1,361,602			9,676,432
(Government grants)			(67,700	)		—			—			5,064			—			(1,296	)		(63,932	)
Structures			38,654,777			1,787			(181,914	)		(2,120,749	)		—			3,904,261			40,258,162
(Government grants)			(196,871	)		—			1,816			9,178			—			(7,242	)		(193,119	)
Machinery			35,460,708			430,524			(250,915	)		(3,880,076	)		(1,205	)		5,105,713			36,864,749
(Government grants)			(108,750	)		—			1,101			11,133			—			(12,419	)		(108,935	)
Ships			1,085			—			—			(299	)		—			—			786
Vehicles			50,576			5,449			(27	)		(22,175	)		—			26,649			60,472
(Government grants)			(76	)		—			1			47			—			(1	)		(29	)
Equipment			211,647			56,004			(230	)		(103,889	)		—			147,039			310,571
(Government grants)			(1,002	)		—			—			469			—			(493	)		(1,026	)
Tools			152,777			25,940			(90	)		(67,482	)		—			49,485			160,630
(Government grants)			(862	)		—			—			268			—			(97	)		(691	)
Construction-in-progress			32,379,512			13,508,590			(13,658	)		—			(29,139	)		(10,578,279	)		35,267,026
(Government grants)			(123,938	)		(27,239	)		—			—			—			11,279			(139,898	)
Finance lease assets			612,395			1,560			(3,959	)		(110,162	)		—			11,675			511,509
Asset retirement cost			5,354,427			—			—			(551,461	)		—			(696,879	)		4,106,087
Others			2,219,386			25,436			(98	)		(804,545	)		—			819,065			2,259,244

	￦		135,812,499			14,049,887			(683,358	)		(8,268,449	)		(30,344	)		481,116			141,361,351

(*1)

Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd. and Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd, 100% owned subsidiaries, have determined that there is an impairment indicator and performed an impairment test over the individual assets. As a result, the Company recognized the amount of the carrying amount in excess of its recoverable amount as impairment loss in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income or loss.

(*2)

‘Others’ include ￦23,273 million of assets held for sale (note 42) comprising land and buildings and the amount is ￦2,907 million and ￦20,366 million, respectively.

19.

Investment Properties

(1)

Investment properties as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Acquisition cost		Government grants			Accumulated depreciation			Book value
		In millions of won
Land	￦		301,483		—			—			301,483
Buildings			26,168		(10	)		(10,377	)		15,781

	￦		327,651		(10	)		(10,377	)		317,264

F-102


		2015
		Acquisition cost		Government grants			Accumulated depreciation			Book value
		In millions of won
Land	￦		253,960		—			—			253,960
Buildings			27,655		(13	)		(11,692	)		15,950

	￦		281,615		(13	)		(11,692	)		269,910

(2)

Changes in investment properties for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Beginning balance			Depreciation			Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Land	￦		516,440			—			(214,957	)		301,483
Buildings			21,899			(824	)		(5,284	)		15,791
(Government grants)			(12	)		4			(2	)		(10	)

	￦		538,327			(820	)		(220,243	)		317,264


		2015
		Beginning balance			Depreciation			Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Land	￦		301,483			—			(47,523	)		253,960
Buildings			15,791			(669	)		841			15,963
(Government grants)			(10	)		—			(3	)		(13	)

	￦		317,264			(669	)		(46,685	)		269,910

(3)

Income and expenses related to investment properties for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Rental income	￦		10,986			10,931
Operating and maintenance expenses related to rental income			(820	)		(669	)

	￦		10,166			10,262

(4)

Fair value of investment properties as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014				2015
		Book value		Fair value		Book value		Fair value
		In millions of won
Land	￦		301,483		342,809		253,960		284,423
Buildings			15,781		16,523		15,950		18,263

	￦		317,264		359,332		269,910		302,686

The fair values of the investment properties as of the reporting date were determined in consideration of the fluctuation on the publicly announced individual land price after the IFRS adoption date.

(5)

All of the Company’s investment property is held under freehold interests.

F-103

20.

Construction Services Contracts

(1)

Changes in balance of construction service contracts for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

2014

Beginning
balance

Increase and
decrease(*)

Recognized
revenue

Ending
balance

In millions of won

Nuclear power plant construction in UAE and others

￦

19,333,416

712,843

(2,965,185

)

17,081,074

(*)

For the year ended December 31, 2014, the increased balance of contracts from new orders and other is ￦831,159 million and the decreased balance of contracts from changes in size of construction is ￦118,316 million.


		2015
		Beginning balance		Increase and decrease(*)			Recognized revenue			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Nuclear power plant construction in UAE and others	￦		17,081,074		(1,011,031	)		(3,761,204	)		12,308,839

(*)

For the year ended December 31, 2015, the increased balance of contracts from new orders and other is ￦412,617 million and the decreased balance of contracts from changes in size of construction is ￦1,423,648 million.

(2)

Accumulated earned revenue, expense and others related to the Company’s construction as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

2014

Accumulated
earned revenue

Accumulated
expense

Accumulated
profit

Unearned
advance receipts

In millions of won

Nuclear power plant construction in UAE and others

￦

8,750,886

8,261,084

489,802

—

2015

Accumulated
earned revenue

Accumulated
expense

Accumulated
profit

Unearned
advance receipts

In millions of won

Nuclear power plant construction in UAE and others

￦

12,224,934

11,573,516

651,418

—

(3)

Gross amount due from customers recognized as assets and due to customers recognized as liabilities for contract work as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

2014

2015

Assets(*1)

Liabilities(*2)

Assets(*1)

Liabilities(*2)

In millions of won

Nuclear power plant construction in UAE and others

￦

149,876

935,832

55,317

893,992

(*1)

Included in trade and other receivables, net, in the consolidated statements of financial position.

(*2)

Included in non-financial liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position.

F-104

21.

Intangible Assets other than Goodwill

(1)

Intangible assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Acquisition cost		Government grants			Accumulated amortization			Accumulated impairment losses			Book value
		In millions of won
Software	￦		354,443		(488	)		(301,887	)		—			52,068
Licenses and franchises			3,398		—			(3,344	)		—			54
Copyrights, patents rights and other industrial rights			31,929		—			(9,252	)		—			22,677
Mining rights			510,869		—			(6,655	)		—			504,214
Development expenditures			730,401		(8,183	)		(674,544	)		—			47,674
Intangible assets under development			74,909		(10,692	)		—			—			64,217
Usage rights of donated assets and other			375,275		(43	)		(317,588	)		—			57,644
Leasehold rights			19,112		—			(18,333	)		—			779
Others			156,503		(1	)		(72,180	)		(12,589	)		71,733

	￦		2,256,839		(19,407	)		(1,403,783	)		(12,589	)		821,060


		2015
		Acquisition cost		Government grants			Accumulated amortization			Accumulated impairment losses			Book value
		In millions of won
Software	￦		389,220		(699	)		(331,334	)		—			57,187
Licenses and franchises			3,398		—			(3,398	)		—			—
Copyrights, patents rights and other industrial rights			34,178		—			(12,303	)		—			21,875
Mining rights			508,392		—			(8,855	)		—			499,537
Development expenditures			751,784		(6,835	)		(699,977	)		—			44,972
Intangible assets under development			94,886		(10,483	)		—			—			84,403
Usage rights of donated assets and other			375,275		(32	)		(326,684	)		—			48,559
Leasehold rights			19,112		—			(18,367	)		—			745
Greenhouse gas emissions rights			805		—			—			—			805
Others			189,941		(1	)		(80,067	)		(12,124	)		97,749

	￦		2,366,991		(18,050	)		(1,480,985	)		(12,124	)		855,832

F-105

(2)

Changes in intangible assets for as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Beginning balance			Acquisition			Disposal			Amortization			Impairment			Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Software	￦		65,751			7,135			—			(32,423	)		—			12,093			52,556
(Government grants)			(430	)		—			—			154			—			(212	)		(488	)
Licenses and franchises			208			—			—			(154	)		—			—			54
Copyrights, patents rights and other industrial rights			24,953			451			—			(2,965	)		—			238			22,677
Mining rights			470,558			28,472			—			(1,945	)		—			7,129			504,214
Development expenditures			76,154			47			(1,810	)		(28,555	)		—			10,021			55,857
(Government grants)			(11,705	)		—			—			4,125			—			(603	)		(8,183	)
Intangible assets under development			52,050			33,202			(170	)		—			(11	)		(10,162	)		74,909
(Government grants)			(7,792	)		(3,597	)		170			—			—			527			(10,692	)
Usage rights of donated assets and other			64,710			—			—			(8,875	)		—			1,852			57,687
(Government grants)			(53	)		—			—			10			—			—			(43	)
Leasehold rights			812			—			—			(33	)		—			—			779
Others			75,449			2,914			(5	)		(5,752	)		(31	)		(841	)		71,734
(Government grants)			(1	)		—			—			—			—			—			(1	)

	￦		810,664			68,624			(1,815	)		(76,413	)		(42	)		20,042			821,060


		2015
		Beginning balance			Acquisition			Disposal			Amortization			Impairment			Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Software	￦		52,556			10,477			(2	)		(29,795	)		187			24,463			57,886
(Government grants)			(488	)		—			—			177			—			(388	)		(699	)
Licenses and franchises			54			—			—			(54	)		—			—			—
Copyrights, patents rights and other industrial rights			22,677			129			(2	)		(2,866	)		—			1,937			21,875
Mining rights			504,214			23,151			—			(228	)		—			(27,600	)		499,537
Development expenditures			55,857			8,096			(5	)		(24,862	)		—			12,721			51,807
(Government grants)			(8,183	)		—			—			2,937			—			(1,589	)		(6,835	)
Intangible assets under development			74,909			40,300			—			—			(22	)		(20,301	)		94,886
(Government grants)			(10,692	)		(1,884	)		—			—			—			2,093			(10,483	)
Usage rights of donated assets and other			57,687			—			—			(9,096	)		—			—			48,591
(Government grants)			(43	)		—			—			11			—			—			(32	)
Leasehold rights			779			—			—			(34	)		—			—			745
Greenhouse gas emissions rights			—			805			—			—			—			—			805
Others			71,734			6,872			(443	)		(8,456	)		88			27,955			97,750
(Government grants)			(1	)		—			—			—			—			—			(1	)

	￦		821,060			87,946			(452	)		(72,266	)		253			19,291			855,832

F-106

(3)

Significant specific intangible assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


2014
Type	Description	Currency	Amount		Remaining useful years
	In millions of won and thousands of Australian dollars
Software	ERP system and others	KRW		6,583	6 months ~ 1 years and 2 months
Copyrights, patents rights and other industrial rights	Smart technology verification and standard design project conducting right	KRW		7,750	7 years and 9months
Mining rights	Mining right of Bylong mine	AUD		401,225	— (*)
Development expenditures	KOSPO Evolutionary Efficient & Powerful System(KEEPS)	KRW		5,381	2 years and 6months
Development expenditures	Development of maintenance system for utility plant	KRW		1,649	2 years and 11 months
Intangible assets under development	Contributions to APR NRC DC	KRW		18,252	—
Intangible assets under development	CHF testing for best representative of HIPER/X2-Gen Fuel and development of best explanatory CHF correlation	KRW		8,396	—
Usage rights of donated assets	Songdo international business district(sector 1, 3) sharing charge	KRW		4,316	2 years and 10 months
Usage rights of donated assets	Dangjin power plant load facility usage right	KRW		39,352	6 years and 3 months
Others	Shingwangju electricity supply facility usage right	KRW		2,969	4 years and 5 months
Others	Sillim electricity supply facility usage right	KRW		3,089	6 years and 11 months

(*)	Mining rights are amortized using the units-of-production method and the amortization has not commenced yet.

F-107


2015
Type	Description	Currency	Amount		Remaining useful years
	In millions of won and thousands of Australian dollars
Software	ERP system and others	KRW		1,293	2 months ~ 2 years and 11 months
Copyrights, patents rights and other industrial rights	Smart technology verification and standard design project conducting right	KRW		6,750	6 years and 9 months
Mining rights	Mining right of Bylong mine	AUD		401,225	— (*)
Development expenditures	KOSPO Evolutionary Efficient & Powerful System(KEEPS)	KRW		2,104	1 years and 6 months
Development expenditures	Development of maintenance system for utility plant	KRW		1,084	1 years and 11 months
Intangible assets under development	Contributions to APR NRC DC	KRW		29,148	—
Intangible assets under development	CHF testing for best representative of HIPER/X2-Gen Fuel and development of best explanatory CHF correlation	KRW		9,871	—
Usage rights of donated assets	Songdo international business district(sector 1, 3) sharing charge	KRW		2,793	1 years and 10 months
Usage rights of donated assets	Dangjin power plant load facility usage right	KRW		33,055	5 years and 3 months
Others	Shingwangju electricity supply facility usage right	KRW		2,297	3 years and 5 months
Others	Sillim electricity supply facility usage right	KRW		2,642	5 years and 11 months

(*)	Mining rights are amortized using the units-of-production method and the amortization has not commenced yet.

(4)

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, the Company recognized research and development expenses of ￦545,735 million and ￦611,220 million, respectively.

F-108

22.

Trade and Other Payables

Trade and other payables as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014				2015
		Current		Non-current		Current		Non-current
		In millions of won
Trade payables	￦		3,123,341		—		1,957,647		—
Other trade payables			1,600,102		3,017,428		1,379,035		3,048,299
Accrued expenses			1,126,357		2,411		1,082,880		2,373
Leasehold deposits received			2,020		—		2,451		—
Other deposits received			166,143		96,531		195,237		105,105
Finance lease liabilities			109,374		660,061		116,885		542,509
Dividends payable			1,267		—		1,562		—
Others(*)			—		30,304		—		20,149

	￦		6,128,604		3,806,735		4,735,697		3,718,435

(*)

Details of others as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014				2015
		Current		Non-current		Current		Non-current
		In millions of won
Advance received from local governments	￦		—		30,304		—		20,149

	￦		—		30,304		—		20,149

23.

Borrowings and Debt Securities

(1)

Borrowings and debt securities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Current liabilities
Short-term borrowings	￦		658,778			603,673
Current portion of long-term borrowings			455,484			541,307
Current portion of debt securities			5,994,205			6,704,602
Less : Current portion of discount on long-term borrowings			(908	)		(953	)
Less : Current portion of discount on debt securities			(2,807	)		(1,676	)

			7,104,752			7,846,953

Non-current liabilities
Long-term borrowings			3,490,700			1,951,119
Debt securities			52,359,905			49,077,131
Less : Discount on long-term borrowings			(15,494	)		(18,860	)
Less : Discount on debt securities			(115,807	)		(103,067	)
Add: Premium on debt securities			271			223

			55,719,575			50,906,546

	￦		62,824,327			58,753,499

F-109

(2)

Repayment schedule of borrowings and debt securities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


2014
Type		Borrowings		Debt Securities
		In millions of won
Less than 1 year	￦		1,114,262		5,994,205
1~ 5 years			2,259,172		27,748,466
Over 5 years			1,231,528		24,611,439

	￦		4,604,962		58,354,110


2015
Type		Borrowings		Debt Securities
		In millions of won
Less than 1 year	￦		1,144,980		6,704,602
1~ 5 years			860,351		27,725,651
Over 5 years			1,090,768		21,351,480

	￦		3,096,099		55,781,733

(3)

Short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

2014

Type

Creditor

Interest rate (%)

Maturity

Foreign
currency

Local
currency

In millions of won and thousands of U.S. dollars

Local short-term borrowings

KTB Investment Bank

2.12

2015.01.02

—

￦

310,000

Local commercial paper

Shinhan Bank and others

2.12~2.20

2015.01.26

—

310,000

Foreign short-term borrowings

Mizuho Bank and others

0.47~6.50

2015.01.02~
2015.12.03

USD 16,366

17,990

Local bank overdraft

Woori Bank

Standard overdraft
rate+1.27

2015.02.25

—

20,788

￦

658,778

2015

Type

Creditor

Interest rate (%)

Maturity

Foreign
currency

Local
currency

In millions of won and thousands of U.S. dollars

Local short-term borrowings

Woori Investment Bank and others

1.8~2.46

2016.01.04~

2016.09.13

—

￦

559,530

Foreign short-term borrowings

ING and others

6.50

2016.12.03

USD 2,163

2,535

Foreign short-term borrowings

Citi Bank and others

3M Libor+0.35

2016.03.22

USD 12,265

14,375

Local bank overdraft

Woori Bank

Standard overdraft
rate+1.12

2016.02.25

—

27,233

￦

603,673

F-110

(4)

Long-term borrowings as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


2014
Type		Interest rate (%)	Maturity	Foreign currency	Local currency
		In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
Local long-term borrowings
Korea Development Bank	Others	0.50	2015~2044	—	￦	7,178
	Facility	4.60	2028	—		43,600
	Facility	3yr KTB rate-1.25	2027	—		9,000
	Facility	1yr KoFC bond rate+ 0.20~0.31	2018~2019	—		1,500,000
KEB Hana Bank	Commercial Paper	3M CD+0.03~0.54	2015~2017	—		900,000
	Facility	3yr KTB rate-1.25	2021~2028	—		11,071
	Facility	4.60	2028	—		20,000
	Energy rationalization	3yr KTB rate-1.25	2019	—		850
	Energy rationalization	3.20~3.70	2016	—		3,835
Korea Industrial Bank	Others	3yr KTB rate-1.25	2016	—		8,000
KEB Hana Bank	PF Refinancing	CD+1.70	2026	—		21,613
	PF Refinancing	4.80	2026	—		11,992
Export-Import Bank of Korea	Project loans	2.00	2026	—		33,881
Korea Resources Corporation	Development of power resources	3yr KTB rate-2.25	2022~2027	—		48,167
	Facility	3yr KTB rate-2.25	2023~2024	—		4,958
	Project loans	—	2022~2027	—		8,677
	Others	3yr KTB rate-2.25	2024~2025	—		13,661
Shinhan Bank and others	Facility	3yr AA- CB rate+1.10	2028	—		30,000
	Operating	3.35	2017	—		10,000
Woori Bank	PF Refinancing	CD+1.70	2023~2026	—		21,613
	PF Refinancing	4.80	2026	—		11,991
Kookmin Bank	Facility	MOR+0.62	2017	—		6,600
Others	Facility	4.60~5.80	2025~2028	—		157,320
	Facility	3yr AA- CB rate+1.10	2028	—		20,000
	PF Refinancing	4.80	2026	—		17,267
	PF Refinancing	CD+1.70	2026	—		523
	Others	—	—	—		38,981
	Others	—	2028	—		7,250

						2,968,028

Foreign long-term borrowings
Korea National Oil Corporation	Project loans	—	2021~2023	USD 8,784		9,656
Export-Import Bank of Korea and others	Direct loan and others	3M Libor+2.60~ 3.70	2027	JOD 197,907		307,324

F-111

2014

Type

Interest rate (%)

Maturity

Foreign currency

Local currency

In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies

SCNT and others

Commercial loan and
others

3M Libor+1.50~
2.50

2015~2033

USD 308,697

339,320

Shareholder’s loan

6.50~8.00

2033~2034

USD 35,165

38,654

Shareholder’s loan

8.00

2031

JOD 8,498

13,197

PT PJB and others

Shareholder’s loan

12.75

2017

IDR 22,307,699

1,970

HSBC and others

Syndicated loan

3M Libor+0.27~
1.50

2017~2019

USD 52,949

58,201

Others

3M Libor+0.95

2016

USD 180,893

198,838

Others

—

2019

USD 10,004

10,996

978,156

3,946,184

Less : Discount of long-term borrowings

(16,402)

Less : Current portion of long-term borrowings

(455,484)

Add : Current portion of discount of long-term borrowings

908

￦

3,475,206


2015
Type		Interest rate (%)	Maturity	Foreign currency		Local currency
		In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
Local long-term borrowings
Korea Development Bank	Others	0.50	2018~2044		—	￦	6,418
	Facility	2.67~4.60	2023~2028		—		52,437
	Facility	3yr KTB rate-1.25	2027		—		9,000
	Facility	1yr KoFC bond rate+0.31	2018		—		200,000
	Operating funds	2.75	2018		—		12,000
KEB Hana Bank	Commercial Paper	3M CD+0.03~0.54	2016~2017		—		500,000
	Facility	3yr KTB rate-1.25	2021~2028		—		10,363
	Facility	4.60	2028		—		18,411
	Energy rationalization	3yr KTB rate-1.25	2019		—		650
	Energy rationalization	3.20~3.70	2021~2022		—		3,835
Korea Industrial Bank	PF Refinancing	CD+1.25	2030		—		22,500
	Others	3yr KTB rate-1.25	2016		—		4,000
Export-Import Bank of Korea	Project loans	2.00	2026		—		30,935
Korea Resources Corporation	Development of power resources	3yr KTB rate-2.25	2022~2027		—		44,674
	Facility	3yr KTB rate-2.25	2023~2024		—		4,400
	Project loans	—	2022~2027		—		8,677
	Others	3yr KTB rate-2.25	2024~2025		—		13,057
Shinhan Bank and others	Collateral borrowing	2.22	2017		—		30,000
	Facility	3yr AA- CB rate+1.10	2028		—		27,617
	Operating funds	2.70~3.35	2017~2018		—		25,000
Kookmin Bank	Facility	MOR+0.62~0.79	2017~2023		—		25,300

F-112


2015
Type		Interest rate (%)	Maturity	Foreign currency		Local currency
		In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
Others	Facility	4.60~5.80	2025~2028		—		144,359
	Facility	3yr AA- CB rate+1.10	2028		—		18,411
	PF Refinancing	4.10	2030		—		62,500
	Others	—	2020~2036		—		45,847
	Others	—	2028		—		7,250

							1,327,641

Foreign long-term borrowings
Korea National Oil Corporation	Project loans	—	2021~2023		USD 8,744		10,248
Export-Import Bank of Korea and others	Direct loan and others	3M Libor+ 2.75~3.70	2027		JOD 188,580		312,104
	Commercial loan and others	3M Libor+1.50~2.50	2030~2033		USD 312,601		366,368
	PF Loan	6M Libor+2.50~2.70	2032		USD 64,389		75,464
SCNT and others	Shareholder’s loan	6.50~8.00	2023		USD 34,924		40,931
	Shareholder’s loan	8.00	2031		JOD 7,128		11,797
PT PJB and others	Shareholder’s loan	12.75	2017		IDR 22,346,550		1,899
HSBC and others	Syndicated loan	3M Libor+0.30~0.50	2017~2019		USD 31,774		37,239
IFC and others	Others	6M Libor+5.00	2031		PKR 5,891,200		65,805
Others	Others	3M Libor+0.65	2017		USD 199,269		233,543
	Others	—	2019		USD 8,010		9,387

							1,164,785

							2,492,426

Less : Discount of long-term borrowings							(19,813)
Less : Current portion of long-term borrowings							(541,307)
Add : Current portion of discount of long-term borrowings							953

							￦1,932,259

(5)

Local debt securities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


	Issue date		Maturity		Interest rate (%)		2014			2015
	In millions of won
Electricity Bonds(*)		2009.02.06~ 2014.08.27		2016.01.27~ 2033.08.06	2.73~5.80	￦		25,820,000			22,960,000
Electricity Bonds		2012.05.29 ~ 2013.06.25		2016.05.29 ~ 2018.06.25	3M CD +0.25~0.32			1,160,000			910,000
Corporate Bonds		2009.05.04~ 2015.11.11		2016.03.13~ 2040.12.10	1.90~5.84			19,570,010			20,710,010

								46,550,010			44,580,010

Less : Discount on local debt securities								(43,517	)		(40,228	)
Less : Current portion of local debt securities								(4,400,000	)		(5,730,000	)
Add : Current portion of discount on local debt securities								611			1,187

						￦		42,107,104			38,810,969

(*)	Electricity Bonds 885 (￦40,000 million) can be redeemed every April 28 after three years from its issue date, April 28, 2014.

F-113

(6)

Foreign debt securities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

2014

Type

Issue date

Maturity

Interest rate (%)

Foreign currency

Local currency

In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies

FY -96(*1)

1996.04.01~

1996.12.06

2026.12.06~

2096.04.01

6.00~8.37

USD 249,470

￦

274,217

FY-97

1997.01.31~

1997.08.04

2027.01.31~

2027.08.04

6.75~7.00

USD 314,717

345,937

FY-04(*2)

2004.04.21

2034.04.21

5.13

USD 286,920

315,382

FY-06

2006.03.14~

2006.09.29

2016.03.14~

2016.09.29

5.50~6.00

USD 650,000

714,480

FY-08

2008.11.27

2018.11.27

4.19

JPY 20,000,000

184,028

FY-10

2010.09.16~

2010.10.05

2015.09.16~

2015.10.05

3.00~3.13

USD 1,200,000

1,319,040

FY-10

2010.07.29~

2010.11.18

2015.07.29~

2015.11.18

3M Libor+1.00~1.64

USD 250,000

274,800

FY-11

2011.07.13~

2011.07.29

2017.01.30~

2021.07.13

3.63~4.75

USD 800,000

879,360

FY-12

2012.05.10~

2012.09.19

2017.05.10~

2022.09.19

2.50~3.13

USD 1,750,000

1,923,600

FY-13

2013.02.05~

2013.11.27

2018.02.05~

2018.11.27

1.88~2.88

USD 1,900,000

2,088,480

FY-13

2013.09.26~

2013.10.23

2018.04.23~

2019.03.26

1.50~1.63

CHF 400,000

444,572

FY-13

2013.09.25

2020.09.25

5.75

AUD 325,000

292,204

FY-13

2013.02.20~

2013.07.25

2018.02.20~

2018.07.25

3M Libor+0.84~1.50

USD 500,000

549,600

FY-14

2014.02.11~

2014.12.02

2019.02.11~

2029.07.30

2.38~2.75

USD 1,500,000

1,648,800

FY-14

2014.01.28~

2014.07.31

2017.01.28~

2017.07.31

3M Libor+0.55~1.50

USD 500,000

549,600

11,804,100

Less : Discount on foreign debt securities

(75,097

)

Add : Premium on debt securities

271

Less : Current portion of foreign debt securities

(1,594,205

)

Add : Current portion of discount on foreign debt securities

2,196

￦

10,137,265

F-114


	2015
Type	Issue date		Maturity		Interest rate (%)	Foreign currency		Local currency
	In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
FY-96(*1)		1996.04.01~ 1996.12.06		2026.12.06~ 2096.04.01	6.00~8.37	USD	249,136	￦	291,990
FY-97		1997.01.31~ 1997.08.04		2027.02.01~ 2027.08.01	6.75~7.00	USD	314,717		368,848
FY-04(*2)		2004.04.23		2034.04.23	5.13	USD	286,920		336,270
FY-06		2006.03.14~ 2006.09.29		2016.03.14~ 2016.09.29	5.50~6.00	USD	650,000		761,800
FY-08		2008.11.27		2018.11.27	4.19	JPY	20,000,000		194,401
FY-11		2011.07.13~ 2011.07.29		2017.01.30~ 2021.07.13	3.63~4.75	USD	800,000		937,600
FY-12		2012.05.10~ 2012.09.19		2017.05.10~ 2022.09.19	2.50~3.13	USD	1,750,000		2,051,000
FY-13		2013.02.05~ 2013.11.27		2018.02.05~ 2018.11.27	1.88~2.88	USD	1,900,000		2,226,800
FY-13		2013.09.26~ 2013.10.23		2019.03.26~ 2019.04.23	1.50~1.63	CHF	400,000		474,156
FY-13		2013.09.25		2020.09.25	5.75	AUD	325,000		277,258
FY-13		2013.02.20~ 2013.07.25		2018.02.20~ 2018.07.25	3M Libor+0.84~1.50	USD	500,000		586,000
FY-14		2014.02.11~ 2014.12.02		2019.02.11~ 2029.07.30	2.38~3.57	USD	1,500,000		1,758,000
FY-14		2014.01.28~ 2014.07.31		2017.01.28~ 2017.07.31	3M Libor+0.55~1.50	USD	500,000		586,000
FY-15		2015.06.15		2025.06.15	3.25	USD	300,000		351,600

									11,201,723

Less : Discount on foreign debt securities									(64,515	)
Add : Premium on debt securities									223
Less : Current portion of foreign debt securities									(974,602	)
Add : Current portion of discount on foreign debt securities									489

								￦	10,163,318

(*1)

For Yankee 3 in FY-96, early redemption would be executed when the debt security holder requests early redemption between February 1, 2016 (60 days before April 1, 2016) and March 1, 2016 (30 days before April 1, 2016).

(*2)

For Global 4 in FY-04, early redemption of USD 13,080,000 was requested during the year ended December 31, 2014 and the remaining amount is USD 286,920,000 as of December 31, 2015.

F-115

24.

Finance Lease Liabilities

(1)

Lease contracts

The Company entered into a power purchase agreements (“PPA”) with GS EPS and three other providers. The Company recognizes these PPAs as finance leases; under the PPAs, there is no transfer of ownership or bargain purchase option of the plants at the end of the agreement, however, the present value of the future minimum power purchase payments equals substantially all of the plants’ respective fair values over a twenty-year period which makes up the major part of the respective plants’ economic life.

(2)

Finance lease liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows and are included in current and non-current trade and other payables, net, in the consolidated statements of financial position:


		2014				2015
		Minimum lease payments		Present value of minimum lease payments		Minimum lease payments		Present value of minimum lease payments
		In millions of won
Less than 1 year	￦		184,809		109,374		182,072		116,885
1 ~ 5 years			619,828		459,302		525,465		393,957
More than 5 years			294,032		200,759		206,323		148,552

	￦		1,098,669		769,435		913,860		659,394

(3)

Current and non-current portion of financial lease liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Current finance lease liabilities	￦		109,374		116,885
Non-current finance lease liabilities			660,061		542,509

	￦		769,435		659,394

(4)

Lease payments recognized as an expense from a lessee position for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Minimum lease payment	￦		240,230			194,960
Contingent rent payment			(17,402	)		(17,682	)

(5)

The Company does not have any irrevocable operating lease contracts as of December 31, 2014 and 2015.

25.

Employment Benefits

(1)

Employment benefit obligations as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Defined benefit obligations	￦		1,268,197		1,495,782
Other long-term employee benefit obligations			9,218		7,325

	￦		1,277,415		1,503,107

F-116

(2)

Principal assumptions on actuarial valuation as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


	2014	2015
Discount rate	2.86%~4.07%	2.39%~2.58%
Future salary and benefit levels	5.42%	5.43%
Weighted average duration	13.24 years	13.21 years

(3)

Details of expense relating to defined benefit plans for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Current service cost	￦		291,115			315,811
Interest cost			97,603			63,808
Expected return on plan assets			(22,291	)		(22,557	)
Past service cost			(167,998	)		—
Loss from settlement			(62,292	)		(641	)

	￦		136,137			356,421

Expenses as described above are recognized in those items below in the financial statements.


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Cost of sales	￦		114,143		262,760
Selling and administrative expenses			7,263		51,932
Others (Construction-in-progress and others)			14,731		41,729

	￦		136,137		356,421

In addition, for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, employee benefit obligations expenses of ￦33,700 million and ￦57,940 million, respectively, are recognized as cost of sales, and ￦5,154 million and ￦9,971 million, respectively, are recognized as selling and administrative expenses, and ￦8,631 million and ￦14,195 million, respectively, are recognized as construction-in-progress and others, related to the Company’s defined contribution plans.

(4)

Details of defined benefit obligations as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Present value of defined benefit obligation from funded plans	￦		1,992,447			2,426,414
Fair value of plan assets			(724,250	)		(930,632	)

			1,268,197			1,495,782

Present value of defined benefit obligation from unfunded plans			—			—

Net liabilities incurred from defined benefit plans	￦		1,268,197			1,495,782

F-117

(5)

Changes in the present value of defined benefit obligations for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Beginning balance	￦		2,629,057			1,992,447
Current service cost			291,115			315,811
Interest cost(*)			97,603			63,808
Remeasurement component			145,648			122,825
Past service cost			(167,998	)		—
Loss from settlement			(62,292	)		(641	)
Actual payments			(941,208	)		(67,291	)
Others			522			(545	)

Ending balance	￦		1,992,447			2,426,414

(*)

Corporate bond (AAA rated) yield at year-end is applied to the interest cost on employee benefit obligations.

(6)

Changes in the fair value of plan assets for the years ended 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Beginning balance	￦		564,552			724,250
Expected return			22,291			22,557
Remeasurement component			(6,602	)		(5,924	)
Contributions by the employers			231,342			214,449
Actual payments			(81,029	)		(24,191	)
Assets decreased through settlement			(6,572	)		—
Others			268			(509	)

Ending balance	￦		724,250			930,632

In addition, loss on accumulated remeasurement component amounting to ￦116,707 million and ￦202,878 million has been recognized as other comprehensive income or loss for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, respectively.

(7)

Details of the fair value of plan assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Equity instruments	￦		41,298		12,791
Debt instruments			163,528		243,372
Bank deposit			108,234		129,350
Others			411,190		545,119

	￦		724,250		930,632

For the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015, actual returns on plan assets amounted to ￦15,669 million and ￦16,633 million, respectively.

F-118

(8)

Remeasurement component recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Actuarial gain (loss) from changes in financial assumptions	￦		218,859			140,411
Experience adjustments			(73,211	)		(17,586	)
Expected return			6,602			5,924

	￦		152,250			128,749

Remeasurement component recognized as other comprehensive income or loss is recorded in retained earnings.

26.

Provisions

(1)

Provisions as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014				2015
		Current		Non-current		Current		Non-current
		In millions of won
Employment benefits	￦		707,310		—		718,365		—
Provision for employment benefits			707,310		—		718,365		—

Litigation			116,395		83,894		57,737		110,228
Litigation provisions			116,395		83,894		57,737		110,228

Decommissioning cost			—		13,434,606		—		12,744,873
Nuclear plants			—		10,331,270		—		9,684,286
Spent fuel			—		1,298,749		—		1,375,185
Waste			—		1,604,241		—		1,502,140
PCBs			—		199,518		—		182,400
Other recovery provisions			—		828		—		862

Others			450,481		10,510		803,074		9,653
Power plant regional support program			120,093		—		129,655		—
Transmission regional support program			—		—		228,785		—
Provisions for tax			—		649		—		136
Provisions for financial guarantee			74		3,621		1,839		2,449
Provisions for RPS			329,562		—		363,178		—
Provisions for greenhouse gas emissions obligations			—		—		78,829		—
Others			752		6,240		788		7,068

	￦		1,274,186		13,529,010		1,579,176		12,864,754

F-119

(2)

Changes in provisions for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Beginning balance		Accretion expenses		Payment			Reversal			Other		Ending balance
		In millions of won
Employment benefits	￦		777,419		650,788		(615,230	)		(105,667	)		—		707,310
Provision for employment benefits			777,419		650,788		(615,230	)		(105,667	)		—		707,310

Litigation			23,720		200,593		(18,371	)		(5,653	)		—		200,289
Litigation provisions			23,720		200,593		(18,371	)		(5,653	)		—		200,289

Decommissioning cost			12,568,622		1,270,397		(398,600	)		(9,067	)		3,254		13,434,606
Nuclear plants			9,887,621		443,987		(338	)		—			—		10,331,270
Spent fuel			1,211,440		465,006		(377,697	)		—			—		1,298,749
Waste			1,249,062		351,935		(10	)		—			3,254		1,604,241
PCBs			219,704		9,436		(20,555	)		(9,067	)		—		199,518
Other recovery provisions			795		33		—			—			—		828

Others			346,371		350,049		(186,388	)		(65,264	)		16,223		460,991
Power plant regional support program			112,498		39,943		(44,242	)		—			11,894		120,093
Provisions for tax			649		—		—			—			—		649
Provisions for financial guarantee			8,789		476		(32	)		(5,538	)		—		3,695
Provisions for RPS			223,260		308,088		(142,096	)		(59,690	)		—		329,562
Others			1,175		1,542		(18	)		(36	)		4,329		6,992

	￦		13,716,132		2,471,827		(1,218,589	)		(185,651	)		19,477		14,803,196


		2015
		Beginning balance		Accretion expenses		Payment			Reversal			Other		Ending balance
		In millions of won
Employment benefits	￦		707,310		727,079		(715,850	)		(174	)		—		718,365
Provision for employment benefits			707,310		727,079		(715,850	)		(174	)		—		718,365

Litigation			200,289		111,301		(85,819	)		(58,306	)		500		167,965
Litigation provisions			200,289		111,301		(85,819	)		(58,306	)		500		167,965

Decommissioning cost			13,434,606		1,287,095		(680,552	)		(1,296,580	)		304		12,744,873
Nuclear plants			10,331,270		650,218		(622	)		(1,296,580	)		—		9,684,286
Spent fuel			1,298,749		568,190		(491,754	)		—			—		1,375,185
Waste			1,604,241		58,294		(160,699	)		—			304		1,502,140
PCBs			199,518		10,359		(27,477	)		—			—		182,400
Other recovery provisions			828		34		—			—			—		862

Others			460,991		774,760		(368,172	)		(64,494	)		9,642		812,727
Power plant regional support program			120,093		37,569		(37,648	)		—			9,641		129,655
Transmission regional support program			—		393,460		(164,675	)		—			—		228,785
Provisions for tax			649		—		—			(513	)		—		136
Provisions for financial guarantee			3,695		3,528		—			(2,936	)		1		4,288
Provisions for RPS			329,562		259,964		(165,259	)		(61,089	)		—		363,178
Provisions for greenhouse gas emissions obligations			—		78,829		—			—			—		78,829
Others			6,992		1,410		(590	)		44			—		7,856

	￦		14,803,196		2,900,235		(1,850,393	)		(1,419,554	)		10,446		14,443,930

F-120

27.

Government Grants

(1)

Government grants as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Land	￦		(3,103	)		(3,147	)
Buildings			(67,700	)		(63,932	)
Structures			(196,871	)		(193,119	)
Machinery			(108,750	)		(108,935	)
Vehicles			(76	)		(29	)
Equipment			(1,002	)		(1,026	)
Tools			(862	)		(691	)
Construction-in-progress			(123,938	)		(139,898	)
Investment properties			(10	)		(13	)
Software			(488	)		(699	)
Development expenditures			(8,183	)		(6,835	)
Intangible assets under development			(10,692	)		(10,483	)
Usage rights of donated assets and other			(43	)		(32	)
Others			(1	)		(1	)

	￦		(521,719	)		(528,840	)

(2)

Changes in government grants for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Beginning balance			Receipt			Acquisition		Offset the items of depreciation expense and others		Disposal		Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Cash	￦		—			(108,681	)		—		—		—		108,681			—
Land			(3,137	)		—			—		—		63		(29	)		(3,103	)
Buildings			(45,396	)		—			—		5,040		200		(27,544	)		(67,700	)
Structures			(193,189	)		—			—		8,921		2,018		(14,621	)		(196,871	)
Machinery			(101,808	)		—			—		10,102		423		(17,467	)		(108,750	)
Vehicles			(83	)		—			—		47		—		(40	)		(76	)
Equipment			(707	)		—			—		376		—		(671	)		(1,002	)
Tools			(312	)		—			—		144		55		(749	)		(862	)
Construction-in-progress			(117,728	)		—			35,937		—		—		(42,147	)		(123,938	)
Investment properties			(13	)		—			—		4		—		(1	)		(10	)
Software			(428	)		—			—		154		—		(214	)		(488	)
Development expenditures			(11,705	)		—			—		4,125		—		(603	)		(8,183	)
Intangible assets under development			(7,792	)		—			527		—		170		(3,597	)		(10,692	)
Usage rights of donated assets and other			(53	)		—			—		10		—		—			(43	)
Others			(1	)		—			—		—		—		—			(1	)

	￦		(482,352)			(108,681	)		36,464		28,923		2,929		998			(521,719	)

F-121


		2015
		Beginning balance			Receipt			Acquisition		Offset the items of depreciation expense and others		Disposal		Others			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Cash	￦		—			(52,696	)		—		—		—		52,696			—
Land			(3,103	)		—			—		—		—		(44	)		(3,147	)
Buildings			(67,700	)		—			—		5,064		—		(1,296	)		(63,932	)
Structures			(196,871	)		—			—		9,178		1,816		(7,242	)		(193,119	)
Machinery			(108,750	)		—			—		11,133		1,101		(12,419	)		(108,935	)
Vehicles			(76	)		—			—		47		1		(1	)		(29	)
Equipment			(1,002	)		—			—		469		—		(493	)		(1,026	)
Tools			(862	)		—			—		268		—		(97	)		(691	)
Construction-in-progress			(123,938	)		—			11,279		—		—		(27,239	)		(139,898	)
Investment properties			(10	)		—			—		—		—		(3	)		(13	)
Software			(488	)		—			—		177		—		(388	)		(699	)
Development expenditures			(8,183	)		—			—		2,937		—		(1,589	)		(6,835	)
Intangible assets under development			(10,692	)		—			2,093		—		—		(1,884	)		(10,483	)
Usage rights of donated assets and other			(43	)		—			—		11		—		—			(32	)
Others			(1	)		—			—		—		—		—			(1	)

	￦		(521,719)			(52,696	)		13,372		29,284		2,918		1			(528,840	)

28.

Deferred Revenues

Deferred revenue related to the Company’s construction contracts as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows and included in current and non-current non-financial liabilities in the consolidated statements of financial position:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Beginning balance	￦		6,506,639			6,850,016
Increase during the current year / period			695,235			691,276
Recognized as revenue during the current year / period			(351,858	)		(375,995	)

Ending balance	￦		6,850,016			7,165,297

29.

Non-financial Liabilities

Non-financial liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014				2015
		Current		Non-current		Current		Non-current
		In millions of won
Advance received	￦		5,320,722		294,151		5,017,735		215,096
Unearned revenue			41,822		86,061		21,810		63,850
Deferred revenue			347,362		6,502,654		372,157		6,793,140
Withholdings			258,258		45,221		146,258		6,731
Others			496,192		18,323		762,751		13,435

	￦		6,464,356		6,946,410		6,320,711		7,092,252

F-122

30.

Contributed Capital

(1)

Details of shares issued as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

2014

Shares
authorized

Shares issued

Par value
per share

Owned by
government(*)

Owned by
others

Total

In millions of won except share information

Common shares

1,200,000,000

641,964,077

￦

5,000

1,640,437

1,569,383

3,209,820

(*)

Korea Development Bank’s ownership of ￦960,802 million are included.

2015

Shares
authorized

Shares issued

Par value
per share

Owned by
government(*)

Owned by
others

Total

In millions of won except share information

Common shares

1,200,000,000

641,964,077

￦

5,000

1,640,385

1,569,435

3,209,820

(*)

Korea Development Bank’s ownership of ￦1,056,176 million are included.

(2)

Details in number of outstanding capital stock for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows.


	2014		2015
	Number of shares
Beginning balance		623,034,082		641,964,077
Disposal of treasury stocks		18,929,995		—

Ending balance		641,964,077		641,964,077

(3)

Details of share premium as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

2014

2015

In millions of won

Share premium

￦

843,758

31.

Retained Earnings and Dividends Paid

(1)

Details of retained earnings as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Legal reserve(*)	￦		1,604,910		1,604,910
Voluntary reserves			22,999,359		23,720,167
Retained earnings before appropriations			10,699,378		22,862,164

Retained earnings	￦		35,303,647		48,187,241

(*)

The KEPCO Act requires KEPCO to appropriate a legal reserve equal to at least 20 percent of net income for each accounting period until the reserve equals 50 percent of KEPCO’s common stock. The legal reserve is not available for cash dividends; however, this reserve may be credited to paid-in capital or offset against accumulated deficit by the resolution of the shareholders.

F-123

(2)

Details of voluntary reserves as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Reserve for investment on social overhead capital	￦		5,277,449		5,277,449
Reserve for research and human development(*)			330,000		330,000
Reserve for business expansion			17,181,910		17,902,718
Reserve for equalizing dividends			210,000		210,000

	￦		22,999,359		23,720,167

(*)

The reserve for research and human development is appropriated by the Company to use as qualified tax credits to reduce corporate tax liabilities. The reserve is available for cash dividends for a certain period as defined by the Tax Incentive Control Law of Korea.

(3)

Changes in retained earnings for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Beginning balance	￦		32,766,086			35,303,647
Net profit for the period attributed to owner of the Company			2,686,873			13,289,127
Changes in equity method retained earnings			(1,899	)		(280	)
Remeasurements of defined benefit liability, net of tax			(91,340	)		(84,271	)
Dividend paid			(56,073	)		(320,982	)

Ending balance	￦		35,303,647			48,187,241

(4)

Dividends paid for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

2014

Number of
shares issued

Number of
treasury stocks

Number of
shares eligible for
dividends

Dividends
paid

Dividends paid
per share

In millions of won

(In won)

Common shares

641,964,077

18,929,995

623,034,082

￦

56,073

2015

Number of
shares issued

Number of
treasury stocks

Number of
shares eligible for
dividends

Dividends
paid

Dividends paid
per share

In millions of won

(In won)

Common shares

641,964,077

—

641,964,077

￦

320,982

500

(5)

Changes in retained earnings of investments in associates and joint ventures for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Beginning balance	￦		(232	)		(2,131	)
Changes			(1,899	)		(280	)

Ending balance	￦		(2,131	)		(2,411	)

F-124

(6)

Changes in remeasurement components for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Beginning balance	￦		39,591			(116,705	)
Changes			(151,610	)		(127,184	)
Income tax effect			60,270			42,913
Transfer to reserve for business expansion			(64,956	)		(1,902	)

Ending balance	￦		(116,705	)		(202,878	)

32.

Statement of Appropriation of Retained Earnings

For the year ended December 31, 2014, the Company’s retained earnings were appropriated on March 31, 2015. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company’s retained earnings were appropriated on March 22, 2016. Statements of appropriation of retained earnings of KEPCO, the controlling company, for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


			2014			2015
			In millions of won except for dividends per share
I. Retained earnings before appropriations
Unappropriated retained earnings carried over from prior years		￦		—			—
Net income				1,039,887			10,165,653
Remeasurements of the defined benefit plan				1,902			(48,457	)

				1,041,789			10,117,196

II. Transfer from voluntary reserves				—			—

III. Subtotal (I+II)				1,041,789			10,117,196

IV. Appropriations of retained earnings				(1,041,789	)		(10,117,196	)
Legal reserve				—			—
Dividends (government, individual)
(Amount of dividends per share (%) :	Current year—￦3,100 (62.0%)
	Prior year—￦500 (10.0%)			(320,982	)		(1,990,089	)
Reserve for business expansion				(720,807	)		(8,127,107	)
V. Unappropriated retained earnings to be carried over forward to subsequent year				—			—

33.

Hybrid Bonds

Bond-type hybrid securities classified as equity (non-controlling interest) as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


Issuer	Hybrid Bond	Issued date		Maturity		Yield(%)	Amount
	In millions of won
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.	1st bond-type hybrid bond		2012.10.18		2042.10.18	5yr government bond rate+1.20	￦	100,000
Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.	1st bond-type hybrid bond		2012.12.07		2042.12.06	4.38		170,000
Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.	2nd bond-type hybrid bond		2012.12.07		2042.12.06	4.44		230,000
Expense of Issuance								(1,340	)

							￦	498,660

F-125

Although these instruments have contractual maturity dates, the contractual agreements allow these subsidiaries to indefinitely extend the maturity dates and defer the payment of interest without modification to the other terms of the instruments. When the Company decides to not pay dividends on ordinary shares, they are not required to pay interest on the hybrid bonds.

Substantially, as these instruments have no contractual obligation to pay principal and interest, these instruments have been classified as equity (non-controlling interest) in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

34.

Other Components of Equity

(1)

Other components of equity of the parent as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Other capital surpluses	￦		1,151,402			1,197,388
Accumulated other comprehensive loss			(202,269	)		(98,713	)
Other equity			13,294,973			13,294,973

	￦		14,244,106			14,393,648

(2)

Changes in other capital surpluses for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014									2015
		Gains on disposal of treasury stocks			Others			Subtotal			Gains on disposal of treasury stocks		Others			Subtotal
		In millions of won
Beginning balance	￦		303,028			527,954			830,982			387,524		763,878			1,151,402
Disposal of subsidiary			—			313,117			313,117			—		58,310			58,310
Disposal of treasury stocks			111,473			—			111,473			—		—			—
Issuance of share capital of subsidiary			—			(1,235	)		(1,235	)		—		2,536			2,536
Change in consolidation scope			—			—			—			—		(716	)		(716	)
Income tax effect			(26,977	)		(75,958	)		(102,935	)		—		(14,144	)		(14,144	)

Ending balance	￦		387,524			763,878			1,151,402			387,524		809,864			1,197,388

F-126

(3)

Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Available-for-sale financial asset valuation reserve			Shares in other comprehensive income of investments in associates and joint ventures		Reserve for overseas operations translation credit			Reserve for gain (loss) on valuation of derivatives			Total
		In millions of won
Beginning balance	￦		62,614			182,261		(170,679	)		(18,658	)		55,538
Changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of tax			(97,263	)		—		—			—			(97,263	)
Shares in other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures, net of tax			—			4,636		—			—			4,636
Foreign currency translation of foreign operations, net of tax			—			—		(84,962	)		—			(84,962	)
Net change in the unrealized fair value of derivatives using cash flow hedge accounting, net of tax			—			—		—			(80,218	)		(80,218	)

Ending balance	￦		(34,649	)		186,897		(255,641	)		(98,876	)		(202,269	)


		2015
		Available-for-sale financial asset valuation reserve			Shares in other comprehensive income of investments in associates and joint ventures		Reserve for overseas operations translation credit			Reserve for gain (loss) on valuation of derivatives			Total
		In millions of won
Beginning balance	￦		(34,649	)		186,897		(255,641	)		(98,876	)		(202,269	)
Changes in the unrealized fair value of available-for-sale financial assets, net of tax			9,744			—		—			—			9,744
Shares in other comprehensive income of associates and joint ventures, net of tax			—			89,476		—			—			89,476
Foreign currency translation of foreign operations, net of tax			—			—		1,179			—			1,179
Net change in the unrealized fair value of derivatives using cash flow hedge accounting, net of tax			—			—		—			3,157			3,157

Ending balance	￦		(24,905	)		276,373		(254,462	)		(95,719	)		(98,713	)

(4)

Changes in treasury stocks for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows.


		2014						2015
		Shares			Amount			Shares		Amount
		In millions of won except for share information
Beginning balance	￦		18,929,995			(741,489	)		—		—
Disposal of treasury stocks			(18,929,995	)		741,489			—		—

Ending balance	￦		—			—			—		—

F-127

(5)

Details of other equity for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Statutory revaluation reserve	￦		13,295,098			13,295,098
Changes in other equity			(125	)		(125	)

	￦		13,294,973			13,294,973

35.

Sales

Details

of sales for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013				2014				2015
		Domestic		Overseas		Domestic		Overseas		Domestic		Overseas
		In millions of won
Sales of goods	￦		50,876,783		256,020		53,408,869		297,959		53,961,463		405,573
Electricity			50,170,178		—		52,625,226		—		53,229,470		—
Heat supply			244,455		—		258,492		—		204,987		—
Others			462,150		256,020		525,151		297,959		527,006		405,573
Sales of service			198,932		127,687		222,973		228,040		209,189		244,298
Sales of construction services			238,924		2,014,159		262,035		2,703,150		180,424		3,580,780

	￦		51,314,639		2,397,866		53,893,877		3,229,149		54,351,076		4,230,651

36.

Selling and Administrative Expenses

(1)

Selling and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Salaries	￦		566,748		556,808		655,432
Retirement benefit expense			81,051		12,418		61,903
Welfare and benefit expense			107,342		89,804		119,866
Insurance expense			7,408		10,619		10,636
Depreciation			68,222		69,182		102,867
Amortization of intangible assets			50,266		40,260		40,465
Bad debt expense			40,446		39,018		290
Commission			510,309		550,335		562,171
Advertising expense			28,127		27,236		30,085
Training expense			5,332		5,664		4,988
Vehicle maintenance expense			12,358		12,015		10,529
Publishing expense			3,190		3,109		3,124
Business promotion expense			3,707		3,053		3,338
Rent expense			39,652		34,914		44,905
Telecommunication expense			24,468		21,586		22,678
Transportation expense			347		1,907		753
Taxes and dues			43,648		42,894		55,970
Expendable supplies expense			4,453		6,009		7,272
Water, light and heating expense			9,669		9,758		9,558

F-128


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Repairs and maintenance expense			25,512		40,397		74,330
Ordinary development expense			166,106		154,244		178,472
Travel expense			13,146		13,025		14,388
Clothing expense			4,374		7,577		5,751
Survey and analysis expense			623		526		590
Membership fee			774		798		1,040
Others			105,914		171,210		131,860

	￦		1,923,192		1,924,366		2,153,261

(2)

Other selling and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Accommodation development expenses	￦		22,601		22,530		28,134
Miscellaneous wages			34,284		30,397		43,109
Litigation and filing expenses			9,501		9,222		10,670
Compensation for damages			2,289		46,946		9,032
Outsourcing expenses			4,002		1,377		2,865
Reward expenses			2,507		2,094		2,472
Overseas market development expenses			—		—		1,541
Others			30,730		58,644		34,037

	￦		105,914		171,210		131,860

37.

Other Income and Expense

(1)

Other income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Reversal of other provisions	￦		11,743		5,271		6,355
Reversal of allowance for doubtful accounts			—		241		413
Gains on assets contributed			14,392		2,418		9,004
Gains on liabilities exempted			2,425		858		2,588
Compensation and reparations revenue			94,064		156,019		166,355
Gains on electricity infrastructure development fund			50,808		18,888		—
Revenue from research contracts			10,815		9,615		5,342
Revenue related to transfer of assets from customers			325,290		351,857		375,995
Rental income			187,351		182,511		196,406
Others			28,569		26,508		45,756

	￦		725,457		754,186		808,214

F-129

(2)

Details of others of other income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Refund of claim for rectification	￦		9,796		9,996		7,623
Adjustment of research project			3,891		4,003		4,090
Maintenance expenses on lease building			2,320		1,282		324
Training expenses			3,657		2,916		4,774
Deposit redemption			142		2,235		430
Reversal of expenses on litigation			2,340		521		219
Revenue on royalty fee			2,471		897		2,739
Reimbursement of insurance fee			—		310		11,797
Gains on guarantee contracts			—		—		4,523
Others			3,952		4,348		9,237

	￦		28,569		26,508		45,756

(3)

Other expense for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Compensation and indemnification expense	￦		—		—		16,959
Accretion expenses of other provisions			443		1,052		4,575
Depreciation expenses on investment properties			908		821		669
Depreciation expenses on idle assets			6,661		6,658		6,698
Other bad debt expense			8,665		15,981		18,473
Donations			57,970		37,889		34,134
Others			25,164		25,819		27,340

	￦		99,811		88,220		108,848

(4)

Details of others of other expense for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Operating expenses related to the idle assets	￦		1,034		985		779
Research grants			551		617		1,392
Supporting expenses on farming and fishing village			16,162		14,211		14,626
Operating expenses on fitness center			2,382		1,928		2,912
Expenses on adjustment of research and development grants			1,272		—		709
Forfeit of taxes and dues			2,442		—		1,105
Movement expense			—		2,262		3,191
Others			1,321		5,816		2,626

	￦		25,164		25,819		27,340

F-130

38.

Other Gains (Losses)

(1)

Composition of other gains (losses) for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013			2014			2015
		In millions of won
Other gains
Gains on disposal of property plant, and equipment	￦		59,345			85,775			8,637,508
Gains on disposal of intangible assets			4			4			32
Reversal of impairment loss on intangible assets			121			18			275
Gains on foreign currency translation			2,835			5,152			13,784
Gains on foreign currency transaction			62,817			56,368			61,007
Insurance proceeds			1,700			3,046			30
Others			208,554			194,888			162,128

Other losses
Losses on disposal of property plant and equipment			(58,852	)		(50,152	)		(73,073	)
Losses on disposal of intangible assets			(1	)		(18	)		(16	)
Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment			(1,161	)		(38,107	)		(30,344	)
Impairment loss on intangible assets			(267	)		(42	)		(22	)
Losses on foreign currency translation			(9,978	)		(12,663	)		(15,097	)
Losses on foreign currency transaction			(59,907	)		(53,252	)		(75,615	)
Others			(76,696	)		(83,621	)		(69,824	)

	￦		128,514			107,396			8,610,773

(2)

Details of others of other gains for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Gains on disposal of inventories	￦		11,387		12,127		10,758
Gains on valuation of inventories			903		2,756		7
Gains on proxy collection of TV license fee			36,706		37,433		38,529
Gains on compensation of impaired electric poles			5,407		2,319		—
Gains on compensation for infringement on contract			4,311		7,824		7,414
Gains on harbor facilities dues			4,745		5,935		5,943
Technical fees			3,940		1,121		1,258
Reversal of occupation development training fees			2,369		1,850		1,878
Gains on disposal of waste			9,979		2,467		2,880
Gains on insurance			12,828		2,748		11,865
Gains on litigation			5,813		1,954		600
Interests on tax rebate			9,258		2,388		1,661
Gains on other commission			14,288		8,672		2,177
Gains on research tasks			—		28,599		1,446
Gains on settlement and others			11,205		—		2,803
Gains on sales of greenhouse gas emissions rights			—		—		52
Others			75,415		76,695		72,857

	￦		208,554		194,888		162,128

F-131

(3)

Details of others of other losses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Losses on valuation of inventories	￦		1,604		3,231		1,318
Losses on disposal of inventories			1,778		1,996		13,469
Losses due to disaster			4,456		2,404		263
Losses on rounding adjustment of electric charge surtax			1,174		1,236		1,251
Losses on adjustments of levies			41,176		5,091		13,928
Losses on write-off			3,627		4,297		—
Penalty on taxes and dues			2,116		6,825		190
Commission and others			821		139		—
Losses on litigation			—		22,999		488
Others			19,944		35,403		38,917

	￦		76,696		83,621		69,824

39.

Finance Income

(1)

Finance income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Interest income	￦		182,161		191,456		241,585
Dividends income			9,870		14,193		14,069
Gains on disposal of financial assets			196		98,065		4
Gains on valuation of derivatives			16,927		312,347		610,582
Gains on transaction of derivatives			120,948		52,618		151,851
Gains on foreign currency translation			263,311		121,177		127,372
Gains on foreign currency transaction			36,129		95,418		37,377
Other finance income			—		16		148

	￦		629,542		885,290		1,182,988

(2)

Interest income included in finance income for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Cash and cash equivalents	￦		60,301		56,384		54,687
Available-for-sale financial assets			1,150		382		29
Held-to-maturity investments			64		89		99
Loans and receivables			42,418		29,507		28,586
Short-term financial instrument			16,896		5,199		46,921
Long-term financial instrument			13		215		10,492
Other financial assets			1,082		—		—
Trade and other receivables			60,237		99,680		100,771

	￦		182,161		191,456		241,585

F-132

40.

Finance Expenses

(1)

Finance expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Interest expense	￦		2,381,900		2,351,624		2,015,684
Losses on sale of financial assets			4,202		2,700		3,008
Impairment of available-for-sale financial assets			12,592		79,618		84,370
Losses on valuation of derivatives			263,777		102,091		17,051
Losses on transaction of derivatives			107,582		119,635		37,262
Losses on foreign currency translation			60,597		465,326		743,283
Losses on foreign currency transaction			100,972		18,827		113,723
Losses on repayment of financial liabilities			—		199		33
Other			—		18		1,043

	￦		2,931,622		3,140,038		3,015,457

(2)

Interest expense included in finance expenses for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013			2014			2015
		In millions of won
Trade and other payables	￦		102,388			98,407			84,527
Short-term borrowings			32,928			27,038			14,627
Long-term borrowings			191,638			167,781			103,503
Debt securities			2,234,148			2,306,330			2,177,855
Other financial liabilities			564,139			588,535			538,680

			3,125,241			3,188,091			2,919,192

Less: Capitalized borrowing costs			(743,341	)		(836,467	)		(903,508	)

	￦		2,381,900			2,351,624			2,015,684

Capitalization rates for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are 3.71% ~ 4.33%, 3.28% ~ 4.35% and 2.36% ~ 4.25%, respectively.

41.

Income Taxes

(1)

Income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013			2014			2015
		In millions of won
Current income tax expense
Payment of income tax	￦		172,574			897,129			2,682,779
Adjustment due to changes in estimates related to prior years			(11,833	)		(29,823	)		(23,248	)
Current income tax directly recognized in equity			(151,076	)		9,137			37,768

			9,665			876,443			2,697,299

Deferred income tax expense
Generation and realization of temporary differences			(532,604	)		248,796			48,878
Changes of unrecognized tax losses, tax credit and temporary differences for prior periods			(201,420	)		(26,067	)		71,999
Changes in deferred tax on tax losses carryforwards			93,668			345,887			2,374,237
Unrecognized deferred tax assets			103,555			—			—
Tax credit carry forwards			(43,658	)		(14,720	)		47,000

			(580,459	)		553,896			2,542,114

Income tax expense (benefit)	￦		(570,794	)		1,430,339			5,239,413

F-133

(2)

Reconciliation between actual income tax expense (benefit) and amount computed by applying the statutory tax rate of 24.2% to loss (income) before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013			2014			2015
		In millions of won
Income (Loss) before income tax	￦		(396,488	)		4,229,306			18,655,786

Income tax (expense) benefit computed at applicable tax rate of 24.2%			95,950			(1,023,492	)		(4,514,700	)

Adjustments
Additional payment of income taxes or receipt of income tax refunds			36,003			13,574			14,130
Effect of applying gradual tax rate			2,357			1,503			4,147
Effect of non-taxable revenue			82,810			50,728			8,047
Effect of non-deductible expenses			(13,698	)		(43,152	)		(17,734	)
Effects of tax credits and deduction			335,710			75,804			103,435
Recognition of unrecognized deferred tax asset, net			179,147			26,067			(71,999	)
Unrecognized deferred tax assets			(123,227	)		—			—
Deferred income tax related to investments in subsidiaries and associates			(93,984	)		(516,557	)		(784,793	)
Others, net			69,726			(14,814	)		20,054

			474,844			(406,847	)		(724,713	)

Income tax (expense) benefit	￦		570,794			(1,430,339	)		(5,239,413	)

Effective tax rate			144	%		34	%		28	%

(3)

Income tax directly adjusted to shareholders’ equity (except for accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)) for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013			2014			2015
		In millions of won
Dividends of hybrid securities	￦		5,455			5,256			5,253
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries			(47,609	)		(75,958	)		(14,144	)
Gain on disposal of treasury stocks			—			(26,976	)		—

	￦		(42,154)			(97,678	)		(8,891	)

(4)

Income tax recognized as other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013			2014			2015
		In millions of won
Income tax recognized as other comprehensive income (loss)
Gain (loss) on valuation of available-for-sale financial assets	￦		(31,367	)		26,149			(6,315	)
Net change in the unrealized fair value of derivatives using cash flow hedge accounting, net of tax			6,416			51,504			7,253
Remeasurements of defined benefit obligations			(73,647	)		60,270			42,913
Investments in associates			(10,324	)		(16,813	)		13,648
Others			—			(14,295	)		(10,840	)

	￦		(108,922	)		106,815			46,659

F-134

(5)

Changes in deferred income tax assets (liabilities) recognized in the statements of financial position for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Beginning balance			Amounts recognized in profit or loss			Amount recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)			Amounts recognized directly in equity			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Deferred income tax on temporary differences
Employee benefits	￦		518,681			(218,342	)		52,595			—			352,934
Cash flow hedge			51,991			(51,674	)		51,038			—			51,355
Investments in associates or subsidiaries			(5,227,034	)		(435,528	)		(31,107	)		(75,958	)		(5,769,627	)
Property, plant and equipment			(6,061,613	)		81,751			—			—			(5,979,862	)
Finance lease			(142,081	)		(55,016	)		—			—			(197,097	)
Intangible assets			10,242			2,067			—			—			12,309
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss			83,645			(80,805	)		—			—			2,840
Available-for-sale financial assets			(101,088	)		33,104			26,148			—			(41,836	)
Deferred revenue			244,806			(14,162	)		—			—			230,644
Provisions			3,150,908			308,867			—			—			3,459,775
Doubtful receivables			59			1,297			—			—			1,356
Other finance liabilities			25,856			(7,876	)		—			5,256			23,236
Losses (gains) on foreign exchange translation			(19,164	)		72,958			—			—			53,794
Allowance for doubtful accounts			7,314			8,138			—			—			15,452
Accrued income			(1,248	)		(1,998	)		—			—			(3,246	)
Special deduction for property, plant and equipment			(194,785	)		111			—			—			(194,674	)
Impairment of non-current assets			86,720			—			—			—			86,720
Treasury stocks			—			26,976			—			(26,976	)		—
Reserve for research and human development			(43,143	)		7,644			—			—			(35,499	)
Others			409,436			42,442			8,141			—			460,019

			(7,200,498	)		(280,046	)		106,815			(97,678	)		(7,471,407	)

Deferred income tax on unused tax losses and tax credit
Tax losses			2,501,349			(325,174	)		—			—			2,176,175
Tax credit			56,099			42,187			—			—			98,286

			2,557,448			(282,987	)		—			—			2,274,461

	￦		(4,643,050	)		(563,033	)		106,815			(97,678	)		(5,196,946	)

F-135


		2015
		Beginning balance			Amounts recognized in profit or loss			Amount recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)			Amounts recognized directly in equity			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Deferred income tax on temporary differences
Employee benefits	￦		352,934			11,495			42,913			—			407,342
Cash flow hedge			51,354			(87,620	)		7,253			—			(29,013	)
Investments in associates or subsidiaries			(5,769,627	)		(669,035	)		2,808			(14,144	)		(6,449,998	)
Property, plant and equipment			(5,979,863	)		484,077			—			—			(5,495,786	)
Finance lease			(197,097	)		(75,333	)		—			—			(272,430	)
Intangible assets			12,309			(2,889	)		—			—			9,420
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss			2,840			(2,844	)		—			—			(4	)
Available-for-sale financial assets			(41,836	)		(1,048	)		(6,315	)		—			(49,199	)
Deferred revenue			230,644			(15,283	)		—			—			215,361
Provisions			3,459,775			(87,352	)		—			—			3,372,423
Doubtful receivables			1,356			49			—			—			1,405
Other finance liabilities			23,237			(2,192	)		—			5,253			26,298
Losses on foreign exchange translation			53,794			74,920			—			—			128,714
Allowance for doubtful accounts			15,452			3,524			—			—			18,976
Accrued income			(3,245	)		(7,986	)		—			—			(11,231	)
Special deduction for property, plant and equipment			(194,674	)		327			—			—			(194,347	)
Impairment of non-current assets			86,720			(86,720	)		—			—			—
Reserve for research and human development			(35,499	)		14,811			—			—			(20,688	)
Others			460,019			116,566			—			—			576,585

			(7,471,407	)		(332,533	)		46,659			(8,891	)		(7,766,172	)

Deferred income tax on unused tax losses and tax credit
Tax losses			2,176,175			(2,176,178	)		—			—			(3	)
Tax credit			98,286			(71,171	)		—			—			27,115

			2,274,461			(2,247,349	)		—			—			27,112

	￦		(5,196,946	)		(2,579,882	)		46,659			(8,891	)		(7,739,060	)

F-136

(6)

Deferred income tax assets (liabilities) recognized in the statements of financial position as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Deferred income tax assets	￦		526,934			623,623
Deferred income tax liabilities			(5,723,880	)		(8,362,683	)

	￦		(5,196,946	)		(7,739,060	)

(7)

Details of deductible temporary differences, tax losses and unused tax credits not recognized in the deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Deductible temporary differences	￦		448,402		441,704

	￦		448,402		441,704

42.

Assets Held-for-Sale

Assets held-for-sale as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Land(*1,2,3)	￦		2,021,445		2,907
Building(*1,2,3)			69,363		20,366
Structures(*2,3)			2		—
Investments in associates(*4,5)			—		56,374

	￦		2,090,810		79,647

(*1)

The Company moved its headquarters to Naju, Jeollanam-do, in November 2014 as part of the government’s plan to relocate state-run companies for balanced national development and entered into a contract with Hyundai Motor and two of its affiliates to sell the buildings and land of the Company’s headquarters in Seoul on September 26, 2014. The Company reclassified the buildings and land as held-for-sales assets when the construction of the Naju headquarters was completed in 2014. The total sales value amounted to ￦10.55 trillion and the ownership has transferred on September 25, 2015.

(*2)

KEPCO Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, moved its headquarters to Naju, Jeollanam-do, in November 2014 as part of the government’s plan to relocate state-run companies for balanced national development and entered in to a contract with TmaxSoft Co., Ltd. to sell its head office in Seongnam on March 11, 2015. The total sales value amounted to ￦71 billion and the ownership has transferred on August 27, 2015. The Company recognized a gain of ￦36,407 million on disposal of assets held-for-sale for the year ended December 31, 2015.

(*3)

The board of directors of KEPCO Engineering & Construction Company, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company, determined to dispose the office building in Yongin as part of the government’s plan to relocate state-run companies for balanced national development and moved the head office to Kimchun, Kyungsangbukdo, in 2015. As the Company believes the book value of Yongin office will be recovered by a disposal transaction rather than continuous operation, it reclassified buildings, land and structures as assets held-for-sale.

(*4)

Korea Western Power Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, plans to dispose certain portion of its investment in Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd. and reclassified the relevant book value to non-current assets held-for-sale.

F-137

(*5)

Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, plans to dispose certain portion of its investment in Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd. and reclassified the relevant book value to non-current assets held-for-sale.

43.

Expenses Classified by Nature

Expenses classified by nature for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2013
		Selling and administrative expenses		Cost of sales		Total
		In millions of won
Raw materials used	￦		—		23,778,430		23,778,430
Salaries			566,748		2,583,032		3,149,780
Retirement benefit expense			81,051		349,931		430,982
Welfare and benefit expense			107,342		366,234		473,576
Insurance expense			7,408		63,125		70,533
Depreciation			68,222		7,228,205		7,296,427
Amortization of intangible assets			50,266		38,113		88,379
Bad debt expense			40,446		—		40,446
Commission			510,309		359,879		870,188
Advertising expense			28,127		7,133		35,260
Training expense			5,332		10,146		15,478
Vehicle maintenance expense			12,358		9,683		22,041
Publishing expense			3,190		4,088		7,278
Business promotion expense			3,707		4,340		8,047
Rent expense			39,652		93,001		132,653
Telecommunication expense			24,468		69,885		94,353
Transportation expense			347		4,139		4,486
Taxes and dues			43,648		195,076		238,724
Expendable supplies expense			4,453		25,554		30,007
Water, light and heating expense			9,669		27,879		37,548
Repairs and maintenance expense			25,512		1,431,441		1,456,953
Ordinary development expense			166,106		411,027		577,133
Travel expense			13,145		45,928		59,073
Clothing expense			4,374		4,207		8,581
Survey and analysis expense			623		3,471		4,094
Membership fee			774		5,478		6,252
Power purchase			—		11,328,898		11,328,898
Others			105,915		2,147,315		2,253,230

	￦		1,923,192		50,595,638		52,518,830

F-138


		2014
		Selling and administrative expenses		Cost of sales		Total
		In millions of won
Raw materials used	￦		—		20,150,934		20,150,934
Salaries			556,808		2,633,641		3,190,449
Retirement benefit expense			12,418		147,843		160,261
Welfare and benefit expense			89,804		313,483		403,287
Insurance expense			10,619		65,322		75,941
Depreciation			69,182		7,720,386		7,789,568
Amortization of intangible assets			40,260		36,153		76,413
Bad debt expense			39,018		—		39,018
Commission			550,335		355,263		905,598
Advertising expense			27,236		7,414		34,650
Training expense			5,664		9,387		15,051
Vehicle maintenance expense			12,015		9,297		21,312
Publishing expense			3,109		3,917		7,026
Business promotion expense			3,053		3,960		7,013
Rent expense			34,914		98,321		133,235
Telecommunication expense			21,586		70,140		91,726
Transportation expense			1,907		3,638		5,545
Taxes and dues			42,894		250,722		293,616
Expendable supplies expense			6,009		26,279		32,288
Water, light and heating expense			9,758		26,910		36,668
Repairs and maintenance expense			40,397		1,388,975		1,429,372
Ordinary development expense			154,244		391,491		545,735
Travel expense			13,025		46,792		59,817
Clothing expense			7,577		5,039		12,616
Survey and analysis expense			526		2,391		2,917
Membership fee			798		6,047		6,845
Power purchase			—		12,601,686		12,601,686
Others			171,210		3,387,521		3,558,731

	￦		1,924,366		49,762,952		51,687,318

F-139


		2015
		Selling and administrative expenses		Cost of sales		Total
		In millions of won
Raw materials used	￦		—		14,626,933		14,626,933
Salaries			655,432		2,962,476		3,617,908
Retirement benefit expense			61,903		320,700		382,603
Welfare and benefit expense			119,866		426,186		546,052
Insurance expense			10,636		83,910		94,546
Depreciation			102,867		8,158,884		8,261,751
Amortization of intangible assets			40,465		31,801		72,266
Bad debt expense			290		—		290
Commission			562,171		353,703		915,874
Advertising expense			30,085		8,498		38,583
Training expense			4,988		11,186		16,174
Vehicle maintenance expense			10,529		8,323		18,852
Publishing expense			3,124		3,981		7,105
Business promotion expense			3,338		4,312		7,650
Rent expense			44,905		142,054		186,959
Telecommunication expense			22,678		73,180		95,858
Transportation expense			753		5,336		6,089
Taxes and dues			55,970		397,161		453,131
Expendable supplies expense			7,272		29,874		37,146
Water, light and heating expense			9,558		26,870		36,428
Repairs and maintenance expense			74,330		1,771,760		1,846,090
Ordinary development expense			178,472		432,748		611,220
Travel expense			14,388		52,910		67,298
Clothing expense			5,751		4,135		9,886
Survey and analysis expense			590		3,071		3,661
Membership fee			1,040		6,401		7,441
Power purchase			—		11,428,027		11,428,027
Others			131,860		4,083,309		4,215,169

	￦		2,153,261		45,457,729		47,610,990

44.

Earnings Per Share

(1)

Basic earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

Type

2013

2014

2015

In won

Basic earnings per share

￦

4,290

20,701

(2)

Diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

Type

2013

2014

2015

In won

Diluted earnings per share

￦

4,290

20,701

F-140

(3)

Basic earnings per share

Net profit for the period and weighted average number of common shares used in the calculation of basic earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


Type		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won except number of shares
Controlling interest in net profit	￦		60,011		2,686,873		13,289,127
Profit used in the calculation of total basic earnings per share			60,011		2,686,873		13,289,127
Weighted average number of common shares			623,034,082		626,353,314		641,964,077

(4)

Diluted earnings per share

Diluted earnings per share is calculated by applying adjusted weighted average number of common shares under the assumption that all dilutive potential common shares are converted to common shares.

Earnings used in the calculation of total diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

Type

2013

2014

2015

In millions of won

Profit used in the calculation of total diluted earnings per share

￦

60,011

2,686,873

13,289,127

Weighted average common shares used in calculating diluted earnings per share are adjusted from weighted average common shares used in calculating basic earnings per share. Detailed information of the adjustment for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


Type	2013		2014		2015
	In number of shares
Weighted average number of common shares		623,034,082		626,353,314		641,964,077
Diluted weighted average number of shares		623,034,082		626,353,314		641,964,077

(5)

There are no potential dilutive instruments and diluted earnings per shares are same as basic earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015.

45.

Risk Management

(1)

Capital risk management

The Company manages its capital to ensure that entities in the Company will be able to continue while maximizing the return to shareholder through the optimization of the debt and equity balance. The capital structure of the Company consists of net debt (offset by cash and cash equivalents) and equity. The Company’s overall capital risk management strategy remains unchanged from that of the prior year.

Details of the Company’s capital management accounts as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014			2015
		In millions of won
Total borrowings and debt securities	￦		62,824,327			58,753,499
Cash and cash equivalents			1,796,300			3,783,065

Net borrowings and debt securities			61,028,027			54,970,434

Total shareholder’s equity			54,825,010			67,942,475

Debt to equity ratio			111.31	%		80.91	%

F-141

(2)

Financial risk management

The Company is exposed to various risks related to its financial instruments, such as, market risk (currency risk, interest rate risk, price risk), credit risk. The Company monitors and manages the financial risks relating to the operations of the Company through internal risk reports which analyze exposures by degree and magnitude of risks. The Company uses derivative financial instruments to hedge certain risk exposures. The Company’s overall financial risk management strategy remains unchanged from that of the prior year.

(i)

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of finance loss to the Company if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises primarily from the sales activities, securities and derivatives. In addition, credit risk exposure may exist within financial guarantees and unused line of credits. As these financial institutions the Company makes transactions with are reputable financial institutions, the credit risk from them are considered limited. The Company decides credit transaction limits based on evaluation of client’s credit, through information obtained from the credit bureau and disclosed financial position at committing contracts.

①

Credit risk management

Electricity sales, the main operations of the Company are the necessity for daily life and industrial activities of Korean nationals, and have importance as one of the national key industries. The Company dominates the domestic market supplying electricity to customers. The Company is not exposed to credit risk as customers of the Company are from various industries and areas. The Company uses publicly available information and its own internal data related to trade receivables, to rate its major customers and to measure the credit risk that a counter party will default on a contractual obligation. For the incurred but not recognized loss, it is measured considering overdue period.

②

Impairment and allowance account

In accordance with the Company policies, individual material financial assets are assessed on a regular basis, trade receivables that are assessed not to be impaired individually are, in addition, assessed for impairment on a collective basis. Value of the acquired collateral (including the confirmation of feasibility) and estimated collectable amounts are included in this assessment.

Allowance for bad debts assessed on a collective basis are recognized for (i) the Company of assets which individually are not material and (ii) incurred but not recognized losses that are assessed using statistical methods, judgment and past experience.

Book values of the financial assets represent the maximum exposed amounts of the credit risk. Details of the Company’s level of maximum exposure to credit risk as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Cash and cash equivalents	￦		1,796,300		3,783,065
Derivative assets (trading)			65,849		255,008
Available-for-sale financial assets			715,151		584,479
Held-to-maturity investments			3,614		3,623
Loans and receivables			623,997		735,057
Long-term/short-term financial instruments			704,462		5,890,866
Derivative assets (using hedge accounting)			104,276		362,142
Trade and other receivables			9,422,219		9,271,967
Financial guarantee contracts(*)			148,522		271,010

(*)

Maximum exposure associated with the financial guarantee contracts is the maximum amounts of the obligation.

F-142

Financial guarantee contracts as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


Type	Company	Currency		Amounts
	In thousands of U.S. dollars
Joint ventures	KEPCO SPC Power Corporation		USD		88,138
Joint ventures	PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia		USD		10,500
Joint ventures	Kelar S.A		USD		132,600

					231,238

As of the reporting date, there are no financial assets and non-financial assets that were acquired through the exercise of the right of collateralized assets and reinforcement of credit arrangement.

(ii)	Market risk

Market risk is the risk that the Company’s fair values of the financial instruments or future cash flows are affected by the changes in the market. Market risk consists of interest rate risk, currency risk and other price risk.

(iii)

Sensitivity analysis

Significant assets and liabilities with uncertainties in underlying assumptions

①

Defined benefit obligation

A sensitivity analysis of defined benefit obligation assuming a 1% increase and decrease movements in the actuarial valuation assumptions as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


			2014						2015
Type	Accounts		1% Increase			1% Decrease			1% Increase			1% Decrease
	In millions of won
Future salary increases	Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation	￦		244,516			(222,706	)		293,205			(271,758	)
Discount rate	Increase (decrease) in defined benefit obligation			(221,728	)		260,991			(267,648	)		315,870

Changes of employee benefits assuming a 1% increase and decrease movements in discount rate on plan asset for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are ￦5,699 million and ￦7,265 million, respectively.

②

Provisions

Changes in provisions due to movements in underlying assumptions as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


Type	Accounts	2014			2015
PCBs	Inflation rate		2.79	%		2.65	%
	Discount rate		3.78	%		3.21	%
Nuclear plants	Inflation rate		2.93	%		1.40	%
	Discount rate		4.49	%		3.55	%
Spent fuel	Inflation rate		2.93	%		2.93	%
	Discount rate		4.49	%		4.49	%

F-143

A sensitivity analysis of provisions assuming a 0.1% increase and decrease movements in the underlying assumptions as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


			2014						2015
Type	Accounts		0.1% Increase			0.1% Decrease			0.1% Increase			0.1% Decrease
	In millions of won
Discount rate	PCBs	￦		(1,058	)		1,066			(875	)		881
	Nuclear plants			(221,795	)		227,773			(201,318	)		206,720
	Spent fuel			(49,483	)		51,404			(52,390	)		54,425
Inflation rate	PCBs			1,076			(1,069	)		885			(881	)
	Nuclear plants			251,588			(244,964	)		220,720			(215,086	)
	Spent fuel			52,147			(50,267	)		55,212			(53,219	)

Management judgment effected by uncertainties in underlying assumptions

①

Foreign currency risk

The Company undertakes transactions denominated in foreign currencies; consequently, exposures to exchange rate fluctuations arise. The carrying amounts of the Company’s foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


	Assets				Liabilities
Type	2014		2015		2014		2015
	In thousands of foreign currencies
AUD		196		158		542,292		595,284
BWP		—		301		—		—
CAD		1		—		244		858
CNY		—		—		—		26,140
EUR		2,097		6,141		4,087		33,552
IDR		273,738		—		17,288		—
MXN		7,637		7,704		122		—
PHP		196,696		489,309		17,962		77,337
SAR		1,044		1,083		—		—
USD		1,211,513		1,260,094		7,415,050		9,331,854
INR		683,074		972,175		173,753		206,159
PKR		167,747		211,212		2,037		12,928
MGA		2,183,910		2,768,360		69,199		151,729
JPY		1,048,413		1,425,163		20,023,572		20,325,211
KZT		551,684		47,177		—		—
GBP		—		—		90		99
CHF		—		—		399,634		400,029
AED		3,965		1,481		1,136		1,705
ZAR		146		238		—		—
JOD		1,080		2,972		1		—
BDT		47,167		43,332		314		889
TWD		—		—		—		30
SEK		—		—		196		—

A sensitivity analysis on the Company’s income for the period assuming a 10% increase and decrease in currency exchange rates as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014					2015
Type		10% Increase			10% Decrease		10% Increase			10% Decrease
		In millions of won
Increase (decrease) of income before income tax	￦		(790,483	)		790,483		(1,063,285	)		1,063,285
Increase (decrease) of shareholder’s equity(*)			(790,483	)		790,483		(1,063,285	)		1,063,285

(*)

The effect on the shareholders’ equity excluding the impact of income taxes.

F-144

The sensitivity analysis above is conducted for monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies other than functional currency, without consideration of hedge effect of related derivatives, as of December 31, 2014 and 2015.

To manage its foreign currency risk related to foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, the Company has a policy to enter into currency forward agreements. In addition, to manage its foreign currency risk related to foreign currency denominated expected sales transactions and purchase transactions, the Company enters into cross-currency swap agreements.

②

Interest rate risk

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk due to its borrowing with floating interest rates. A 1% increase or decrease is used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in interest rates.

The Company’s borrowings and debt securities with floating interest rates as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


Type		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Short-term borrowings	￦		20,788		41,608
Long-term borrowings			3,506,989		1,977,745
Debt securities			2,534,000		2,082,000

	￦		6,061,777		4,101,353

A sensitivity analysis on the Company’s long-term borrowings and debt securities assuming a 1% increase and decrease in interest rates, without consideration of hedge effect of related derivatives for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014					2015
Type		1% Increase			1% Decrease		1% Increase			1% Decrease
		In millions of won
Increase (decrease) of profit before income tax	￦		(60,618	)		60,618		(41,014	)		41,014
Increase (decrease) of shareholder’s equity(*)			(60,618	)		60,618		(41,014	)		41,014

(*) The effect on the shareholders’ equity excluding the impact of income taxes.

To manage its interest rate risks, the Company enters into certain interest swap agreements or maintains an appropriate mix of fixed and floating rate borrowings.

③

Electricity rates risk

The Company is exposed to electricity rates risk due to the rate regulation of the government which considers the effect of electricity rate on the national economy.

A sensitivity analysis on the Company’s income for the period assuming a 1% increase and decrease in price of electricity for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014					2015
Type		1% Increase		1% Decrease			1% Increase		1% Decrease
		In millions of won
Increase (decrease) of profit before income tax	￦		526,252		(526,252	)		532,295		(532,295	)
Increase (decrease) of shareholder’s equity(*)			526,252		(526,252	)		532,295		(532,295	)

(*) The effect on the shareholders’ equity excluding the impact of income taxes.

F-145

(iv)	Liquidity risk

The Company has established an appropriate liquidity risk management framework for the management of the Company’s short, medium and long-term funding and liquidity management requirements. The Company manages liquidity risk by continuously monitoring forecasted and actual cash flows, and by matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities.

In addition, the Company has established credit lines on its trade financing and bank overdrafts, and through payment guarantees it has received, it maintains an adequate credit (borrowing) line. In addition, the Company has the ability to utilize excess cash or long-term borrowings for major construction investments.

The following table shows the details of maturities of non-derivative financial liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015. This table, based on the undiscounted cash flows of the non-derivative financial liabilities, has been completed based on the respective liabilities’ earliest maturity date.


		2014
Type		Less than 1 year		1~2 Years		2~5 Years		More than 5 years		Total
		In millions of won
Borrowings and debt securities	￦		9,219,013		8,888,723		27,584,208		30,253,070		75,945,014
Finance lease liabilities			184,809		182,072		437,756		294,032		1,098,669
Trade and other payables			6,019,230		318,466		570,988		2,257,220		9,165,904
Financial guarantee contracts(*)			35,449		29,678		83,395		—		148,522

	￦		15,458,501		9,418,939		28,676,347		32,804,322		86,358,109


		2015
Type		Less than 1 year		1~2 Years		2~5 Years		More than 5 years		Total
		In millions of won
Borrowings and debt securities	￦		9,862,441		11,252,946		23,642,523		28,566,566		73,324,476
Finance lease liabilities			182,072		175,512		349,953		206,323		913,860
Trade and other payables			4,618,812		314,361		617,120		2,244,445		7,794,738
Financial guarantee contracts(*)			168,885		62,116		40,009		—		271,010

	￦		14,832,210		11,804,935		24,649,605		31,017,334		82,304,084

(*)

Total guarantee amounts associated with the financial guarantee contracts. Financial guarantee liabilities which are recognized as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are ￦3,695 million and ￦4,288 million, respectively.

The expected maturities for non-derivative financial assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 in detail are as follows:


		2014
Type		Less than 1 year		1~5 Years		More than 5 years		*Other()**		Total
		In millions of won
Cash and cash equivalents	￦		1,796,300		—		—		—		1,796,300
Available-for-sale financial assets			—		—		—		715,151		715,151
Held-to-maturity investments			265		3,336		13		—		3,614
Loans and receivables			68,911		176,600		425,082		9,927		680,520
Long-term/short-term financial instruments			100,099		740		603,308		315		704,462
Trade and other receivables			7,700,166		830,863		824,966		76,104		9,432,099

	￦		9,665,741		1,011,539		1,853,369		801,497		13,332,146

F-146


		2015
Type		Less than 1 year		1~5 Years		More than 5 years		*Other()**		Total
		In millions of won
Cash and cash equivalents	￦		3,783,065		—		—		—		3,783,065
Available-for-sale financial assets			—		—		—		584,479		584,479
Held-to-maturity investments			381		3,242		—		—		3,623
Loans and receivables			106,013		268,820		397,976		11,330		784,139
Long-term/short-term financial instruments			5,132,829		5,000		752,703		334		5,890,866
Trade and other receivables			7,476,745		765,979		958,968		79,202		9,280,894

	￦		16,499,033		1,043,041		2,109,647		675,345		20,327,066

(*)

The maturities cannot be presently determined.

Derivative liabilities classified by maturity periods which from reporting date to maturity date of contract as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
Type		Less than 1 year			1~2 Years			2~5 Years			More than 5 years			Total
		In millions of won
Gross settlement
—Trading	￦		(66,580	)		(15,289	)		(108,717	)		(11,301	)		(201,887	)
—Hedging			(3,070	)		(31,441	)		(70,384	)		(84,815	)		(189,710	)

	￦		(69,650	)		(46,730	)		(179,101	)		(96,116	)		(391,597	)


		2015
Type		Less than 1 year			1~2 Years			2~5 Years			More than 5 years			Total
		In millions of won
Gross settlement
—Trading	￦		(9,552	)		(4,627	)		(47,971	)		—			(62,150	)
—Hedging			1,260			2,032			(44,233	)		(62,534	)		(103,475	)

	￦		(8,292	)		(2,595	)		(92,204	)		(62,534	)		(165,625	)

(3)

Fair value risk

The fair value of the Company’s actively-traded financial instruments (i.e. short-term financial assets held for trading, available-for-sale financial assets, etc.) is based on the traded market-price as of the reporting period end. The fair value of the Company’s financial assets is the amount which the asset could be exchanged for or the amount a liability could be settled for.

The fair values of financial instruments where no active market exists or where quoted prices are not otherwise available are determined by using valuation techniques. Valuation techniques include using recent arm’s length market transactions between knowledgeable, willing parties, if available, reference to the current fair value of another instrument that is substantially the same, discounted cash flow analysis and option pricing models. If there is a valuation technique commonly used by market participants to price the instrument and that technique has been demonstrated to provide reliable estimates of prices obtained in actual market transactions, the Company uses that technique.

F-147

For trade receivables and payables, the Company considers the carrying value net of impairment as fair value. While for disclosure purposes, the fair value of financial liabilities is estimated by discounting a financial instruments with similar contractual cash flows based on the effective interest method.

(i)

Fair value and book value of financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014				2015
Type		Book value		Fair value		Book value		Fair value
		In millions of won
Assets recognized at fair value
Available-for-sale financial assets(*1)	￦		715,151		715,151		584,479		584,479
Derivative assets (trading)			65,849		65,849		255,008		255,008
Derivative assets (using hedge accounting)			104,276		104,276		362,142		362,142
Long-term financial instruments			604,363		604,363		758,037		758,037
Short-term financial instruments			100,099		100,099		5,132,829		5,132,829

			1,589,738		1,589,738		7,092,495		7,092,495

Assets carried at amortized cost
Held-to-maturity investments			3,614		3,614		3,623		3,623
Loans and receivables			623,997		623,997		735,057		735,057
Trade and other receivables			9,422,219		9,422,219		9,271,967		9,271,967
Cash and cash equivalents			1,796,300		1,796,300		3,783,065		3,783,065

			11,846,130		11,846,130		13,793,712		13,793,712

Liabilities recognized at fair value
Derivative liabilities (trading)			164,931		164,931		49,011		49,011
Derivative assets (using hedge accounting)			172,877		172,877		117,499		117,499

			337,808		337,808		166,510		166,510

Liabilities carried at amortized cost
Secured borrowings			941,823		941,823		641,363		641,363
Unsecured bond			58,235,767		61,816,897		55,677,213		59,619,941
Finance lease liabilities			769,435		769,435		659,394		659,394
Unsecured borrowings			3,625,949		3,731,331		2,407,690		2,427,847
Trade and other payables(*2)			9,165,904		9,165,904		7,794,738		7,794,738
Bank overdraft			20,788		20,788		27,233		27,233

	￦		72,759,666		76,446,178		67,207,631		71,170,516

(*1)

Book values of equity securities held by the Company that were measured at cost as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are ￦299,308 million and ￦207,508 million, respectively, as a quoted market price does not exist in an active market and its fair value cannot be measured reliably.

(*2)

Excludes finance lease liabilities.

(ii)

Interest rates used for determining fair value

The interest rates used to discount estimated cash flows, when applicable, are based on the government yield curve at the reporting date plus an adequate credit spread.

F-148

The discount rate used for calculating fair value as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


Type	2014		2015
Derivatives		0.04%~2.78%		0.28%~4.16%
Borrowings and debt securities		0.16%~5.80%		0.15%~5.80%
Finance lease		9.00%~10.83%		9.00%~10.83%

(iii)

Fair value hierarchy

The following table provides an analysis of financial instruments that are measured subsequent to initial recognition at fair value, classified as Level 1, 2 or 3, based on the degree to which the fair value is observable.

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3: Inputs that are not based on observable market data.

Fair values of financial instruments by hierarchy level as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
Type		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
		In millions of won
Financial assets at fair value
Available-for-sale financial assets	￦		247,215		—		168,627		415,842
Derivative assets			—		170,125		—		170,125

			247,215		170,125		168,627		585,967

Financial liabilities at fair value
Derivative liabilities			—		337,806		—		337,806


		2015
Type		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
		In millions of won
Financial assets at fair value
Available-for-sale financial assets	￦		196,579		—		180,390		376,969
Derivative assets			—		617,150		—		617,150

			196,579		617,150		180,390		994,119

Financial liabilities at fair value
Derivative liabilities			—		166,510		—		166,510

The fair value of available-for-sale financial assets publicly traded is measured at the closing bid price quoted at the end of the reporting period. Meanwhile, the fair value of unquoted available-for-sale financial assets is calculated using the valuation results from an external pricing service in which weighted average borrowing rates of interest of evaluated companies are used as a discount rate. The fair value of derivatives is measured using valuation model which is determined at the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at current market interest rate.

F-149

Changes of financial assets and liabilities which are classified as level 3 for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014
		Beginning balance		Acquisition		Reclassified category		Valuation			Disposal			Foreign currency translation		Ending balance
		In millions of won
Financial assets at fair value
Available-for-sale financial assets
Unlisted securities	￦		171,304		—		—		(2,677	)		—			—		168,627
Debt securities			14,655		—		—		—			(14,655	)		—		—

2015

Beginning
balance

Acquisition

Reclassified
category

Valuation

Disposal

Foreign
currency
translation

Ending
balance

In millions of won

Financial assets at fair value

Available-for-sale financial assets

Unlisted securities

￦

168,627

—

11,763

—

180,390

46. Service

Concession Arrangements

(1)

Gas complex thermal power plant at Ilijan, Philippines (BOT)

(i)

Significant terms and concession period of the arrangement

The Company has entered into a contract with National Power Corporation (the “NPC”), based in the Republic of the Philippines whereby the Company can collect the electricity rates which are composed of fixed costs and variable costs during the concession period after building, rehabilitating, and operating the power plant.

(ii)

Rights and classification of the arrangement

The Company has the rights to use and own the power plant during the concession period from 2002 to 2022. At the end of the concession period, the Company has an obligation to transfer its ownership of the power plant to NPC.

(iii)

The Company’s expected future collections of service concession arrangements as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


Type	Amounts
	In millions of won
Less than 1 year	￦	122,420
1~ 2 years		122,420
2~ 3 years		122,420
Over 3 years		418,270

	￦	785,530

(2)

Hydroelectric power generation at Semangka, Indonesia (BOT)

(i)

Significant terms and concession period of the arrangement

The Company has entered into a contract with PT. Perusahaan Listrik Negara (the “PLN”) whereby the Company provides electricity generated and charge tariff rates designed to recover capital cost, fixed

F-150

O&M cost, tax on water usage, variable O&M cost and special facilities cost during the concession period after building, rehabilitating, and operating the power plant for approximately 30 years (2017~2047) subsequent to the completion of plant construction.

(ii)

Rights and classification of the arrangement

The Company has the rights to use and own the power plant during the concession period from 2017 to 2047. At the end of the concession period, PNL has an option to take over the ownership of the power plant from the Company.

(iii)

The Company’s expected future collections of service concession arrangements as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


Type	Amounts
	In millions of won
Less than 1 year	￦	—
1~ 2 years		8,932
2~ 3 years		29,811
Over 3 years		691,740

	￦	730,483

47.

Related Parties

(1)

Related parties of the Company as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


Type		Related party
Parent		Republic of Korea government

Subsidiaries (77 subsidiaries)		Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd., Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd., Korea Western Power Co., Ltd., Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd., Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd., KEPCO Engineering & Construction Company, Inc., KEPCO Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd., KEPCO Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd., KEPCO KDN Co., Ltd., Garolim Tidal Power Plant Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi Green Energy Co., Ltd., Korea Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd., KOSEP Material Co., Ltd., KEPCO International HongKong Ltd., KEPCO International Philippines Inc., KEPCO Philippines Corporation, KEPCO Ilijan Corporation, KEPCO Gansu International Ltd., KEPCO Philippines Holdings Inc., KEPCO Lebanon SARL, KEPCO Neimenggu International Ltd., KEPCO Australia Pty., Ltd., KEPCO Shanxi International Ltd., KOMIPO Global Pte Ltd., KOSEP Australia Pty., Ltd., KOMIPO Australia Pty., Ltd., KOWEPO Australia Pty., Ltd., KOSPO Australia Pty., Ltd., KEPCO Canada Energy Ltd., KEPCO Canada Uranium Investment Limited Partnership, KEPCO Netherlands B.V., KOREA Imouraren Uranium Investment Corp., KEPCO Middle East Holding Company, Qatrana Electric Power Company, Korea Electric Power Nigeria Ltd., KOWEPO International Corporation, KOSPO Jordan LLC, Korea Waterbury Uranium Limited Partnership, PT. Cirebon Power Service, EWP America Inc., KHNP Canada Energy., Ltd., KEPCO Bylong Australia Pty., Ltd., KNF Canada Energy Limited, KEPCO Holdings de Mexico, KST Electric Power Company, KEPCO Energy Service Company, KEPCO Netherlands S3 B.V., PT. KOMIPO Pembangkitan Jawa Bali, PT KEPCO Resource Indonesia, EWP Barbados 1 SRL, PT. Tanggamus Electric Power, KOMIPO America

F-151



		Inc, KOSEP USA, INC., PT. EWP Indonesia, KEPCO Netherlands J3 B.V., Global One Pioneer B.V., Global Energy Pioneer B.V., Mira Power Limited, EWP Philippines Corporation, LLC, KEPCO Singapore Holdings Pte., Ltd., KOWEPO India Private Limited, KEPCO KPS Philippines Corp., KOSPO Chile SpA, PT. KOWEPO Sumsel Operation and Maintenance Services, Commerce and Industry Energy Co., Ltd., Gyeongju Wind Power Co., Ltd., California Power Holdings, LLC, DG Fairhaven Power, LLC, DG Kings Plaza, LLC, DG Whitefield, LLC, EWP Renewable Co., EWPRC Biomass Holdings, LLC, Springfield Power, LLC, HeeMang Sunlight Power Co., Ltd., Fujeij Wind Power Company, KOSPO Youngnam Power Co., Ltd.

Associates (55 associates)		Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd., Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd., Korea Gas Corporation, SE Green Energy Co., Ltd., Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd., Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd., Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd., Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd., KS Solar Corp. Ltd., Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd., Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd., DS POWER Co., Ltd., Goseong Green Energy Co. Ltd., Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd., Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd., Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd., Noeul Green Energy Co., Ltd., YTN Co., Ltd., Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd., Samcheok Eco Material Co., Ltd., Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd., Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd., Korea Power Exchange, AMEC Partners Korea Ltd., Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd., Ecollite Co., Ltd., Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd., Muju Wind Power Co., Ltd., Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd., Daeryun Power Co., Ltd., JinanJangsu Wind Power Co., Ltd., Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd., KNH Solar Co., Ltd., S-Power Co., Ltd., Busan Solar Co., Ltd., Hadong Mineral Fiber Co., Ltd., Green Biomass Co., Ltd., SPC Power Corporation, Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd., PT. Cirebon Electric Power, KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd., KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd., Dolphin Property Limited, PT Wampu Electric Power, PT. Bayan Resources TBK, Pioneer Gas Power Limited, Eurasia Energy Holdings, Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd., PT Mutiara Jawa, Jinbhuvish Power Generation Pvt. Ltd., Busan Green Energy Co., Ltd., Jungbu Bio Energy Co., Ltd., Korea Electric Vehicle Charge Service, Ulleungdo Natural Energy Co., Ltd., Korea Nuclear Partners Co., Ltd.

Joint ventures (38 joint ventures)		KEPCO SPC Power Corporation, Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd., KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc., Dangjin Echo Power Co., Ltd.(Formerly, Dongbu Power Dangjin Corporation), Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd., Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd., Incheon New Power Co., Ltd., Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd., Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd., KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd., KEPCO-Uhde Inc., GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd., Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd., Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd., Expressway Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd., Gansu Datang Yumen Wind Power Company Ltd., Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd., KEPCO Energy Resource Nigeria Limited, Rabigh Electricity Company, Eco Biomass Energy Sdn. Bhd., Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company, Datang KEPCO Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., LTD., Shuweihat Asia Power Investment B.V., Shuweihat Asia Operation & Maintenance Company, Waterbury Lake Uranium L.P., ASM-BG Investicii AD, RES

F-152



		Technology AD, Jamaica Public Service Company Limited, KV Holdings, Inc., Datang Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd., Nepal Water & Energy Development Company Pty Ltd., KODE NOVUS 1 LLC, KODE NOVUS 2 LLC, Amman Asia Electric Power Company, Kelar S.A, PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia, Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd., Canada Korea Uranium Limited Partnership

Others		Korea Development Bank

(2)

Transactions between the Company and its subsidiaries are eliminated during the consolidation and will not be shown as notes.

(3)

Related party transactions for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

<Sales and Others>


			Sales and others
Company name	Transaction type		2013		2014		2015
			In millions of won
<Associates>
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales	￦		121		1,320		1,055
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.	Service			11,603		12,446		14,811
Korea Gas Corporation	Electricity sales			124,244		82,117		90,480
Gumi-ochang Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		14		—
Chungbuk Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd	Electricity sales			—		6		—
Cheonan Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		2		—
SE Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			1		—		—
Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			5		—		—
Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			3		8		8
Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd.	Service			—		1,239		1,743
Golden Route J Solar Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		1		—
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.	Service			27,900		3,676		814
KOSCON Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			1		5		—
Yeonan Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			52		4		—
Q1 Solar Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			262		13		—
Best Solar Energy Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			39		16		—
Seokcheon Solar Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		54		—
D Solar Energy Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		8		—
KS Solar Corp., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		15		21
Hyundai Asan Solar Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		8		—
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.	Rental income and others			—		1		1
Jeonnam Solar Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		16		—
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.	Service			13,014		15,852		12,361
DS POWER Co., Ltd.	Service			—		152,025		106,183
Goseong Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Property sales			—		4,004		9,306
Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd.	Service			—		6,446		9,761
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.	Service			—		174		11,344
Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		8		66
Noeul Green Energy Co., Ltd	Electricity sales			—		—		45
YTN Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			4,070		7,446		1,753
Busan Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		—		1
Korea Electric Vehicle Charge Service	Electricity sales			—		—		2
Ulleungdo Natural Energy Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		—		229
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.	Service			13,117		14,153		21,081
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			2,133		2,152		1,046
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales and design service			15,896		14,943		15,401
Korea Power Exchange	Service			26,710		16,300		4,272

F-153


			Sales and others
Company name	Transaction type		2013		2014		2015
			In millions of won
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.	Service			21,535		58,566		25,402
Ecollite Co., Ltd.	Interest income			866		—		—
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Service			626		1,653		872
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Design service			65		120		72
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			780		1,611		1,731
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			751		1,848		754
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			19		17		17
S-Power Co., Ltd.	Service and electricity sales			—		7,564		7,278
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			2		17		16
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.	Service			—		—		51
SPC Power Corporation	Interest income			—		—		1,433
PT. Bayan Resources TBK	Electricity sales			—		—		164
Gemeng International Energy Co., Ltd.	Dividend income			—		6,905		37,163
Dolphin Property Limited	Service			32		—		—
E-POWER S.A.	Dividend income			1,902		1,456		—
Pioneer Gas Power Limited	Service			—		214		274
Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.	Service			—		1,333		584

<Joint ventures>
KEPCO SPC Power Corporation	Service and dividend income	￦		15,921		17,243		29,572
Daejung Offshore Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		—		1
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.	Service			796		1,129		1,315
Dangjin Echo Power Co., Ltd.	Technical fee			1,431		352		334
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		73		65
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.	Technical fee			1,138		1,910		2,395
Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.	Construction revenue			1,435		6,637		388
KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd.	Service			829		2,307		1,948
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.	Technical fee			—		—		2,201
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		—		927
GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.	Service			3,484		4,053		5,614
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		24		24
Yeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			255		47		—
Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd.	Electricity sales			—		39		—
Expressway Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd	Electricity sales			215		—		—
Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.	Interest income			2,460		10,849		9,702
Rabigh Electricity Company	Service			676		38,954		565
Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company	Service			2,091		2,822		1,780
Datang Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.	Dividend income			—		740		—
Shuweihat Asia Operation & Maintenance Company	Dividend income			—		869		1,006
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited	Repair service			2,798		2,865		3,077
KV Holdings, Inc.	Dividend income			319		—		—
Datang KEPCO Chaoyang Renewable Power Co., Ltd.	Dividend income			—		788		—
Amman Asia Electric Power Company	Service			18,092		26,838		48,968
Kelar S.A	Service			—		2,041		6,229

<Others>
Korea Development Bank	Electricity sales			1,057		1,141		4,039
	Interest income			—		—		2,402

F-154

<Purchase and Others>


			Purchase and others
Company name	Transaction type		2013		2014		2015
			In millions of won
<Associates>
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity purchase	￦		—		—		318,221
Korea Gas Corporation	Purchase of power generation fuel			12,450,325		10,134,526		4,598,763
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.	Service			—		—		1,003,346
Gumi-ochang Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			6,498		1,789		—
Chungbuk Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			1,214		575		—
Cheonan Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			1,039		435		—
Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			1,943		3,552		3,978
Korea Power Engineering Service Co., Ltd.	Service			—		2,320		3,241
Golden Route J Solar Power Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			983		518		—
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			—		8,640		16,408
KOSCON Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			549		243		—
Yeonan Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			162		635		—
Q1 Solar Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			904		2,501		—
Best Solar Energy Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			86		4,882		—
Seokcheon Solar Power Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			2,003		1,193		—
D Solar Energy Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			29		1,163		—
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity purchase			—		—		274,379
KS Solar Corp., Ltd.	REC purchase			—		3,496		6,211
Hyundai Asan Solar Power Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			—		606		—
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.	Rental fee and others			—		119		479
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.	Electricity metering service fee			188,551		240,416		273,057
YTN Co., Ltd.	Advertisement fee			785		410		440
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity purchase			38,980		28,836		21,946
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity purchase			313,164		477,642		486,443
Korea Power Exchange	Trading Fees			80,279		74,861		79,283
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.	Electricity purchase			1,643		2,961		1,684
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			11,680		10,362		6,626
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity purchase			11,893		15,549		6,472
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.	Electricity purchase			5,406		4,914		4,598
S-Power Co., Ltd.	Service			—		105,107		614,658
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.	Electricity purchase			4,433		4,910		4,055
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.	Woodchip purchase			869		1,690		3,782

<Joint ventures>
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.	Service			143		383		47,130
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity purchase			—		5,304		5,944
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity purchase			—		—		4,974
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			8,944		8,115		7,565
Yeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	REC purchase			—		7,080		—
Global Trade Of Power System Co., Ltd.	Plant facility purchase			574		79		192
Expressway Solar-light Power Co., Ltd.	Electricity purchase			1,319		3,205		3,451
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited	Service			104		96		106
Amman Asia Electric Power Company	Service			—		—		125

<Others>
Korea Development Bank	Interest expense			71,913		60,631		21,719
	Dividend paid			—		17,294		96,087

F-155

(4)

Receivables and payables arising from related party transactions as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


			Receivables				Payables
Company name	Type		2014		2015		2014		2015
			In millions of won
<Associates>
Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables	￦		90		95		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		22,200
Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			1,124		1,206		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		100,396
Korea Gas Corporation	Trade receivables			8,746		7,931		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			152		255		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		1,104,075		302,752
Jeongam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			—		—		—		—
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		1		1
Korea Power Engineering Services Co., Ltd.	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		447		—
Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			7,060		7,063		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		229
KS Solar Corp., Ltd.	Trade receivables			2		2		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		68
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		113		281
Heang Bok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			—		—		—		—
Korea Electric Power Industrial Development Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			692		469		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			23		27		—		—
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		28,195		27,569
DS Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			46		260		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			35,909		—		—		—
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		1		135
Goseong Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		3,900		3,900
Gangneung Eco Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			—		1		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			—		1,701		—		—
Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			—		—		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			191		272		—		—
Naepo Green Energy Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			8		9		—		—
YTN Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			91		93		—		—
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		44		154
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			148		157		—		—
Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.	Non-trade receivables and others			5,073		375		—		—
Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			6		12		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		1,753
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		4,982		—

F-156


			Receivables				Payables
Company name	Type		2014		2015		2014		2015
			In millions of won
Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables	￦		837		962		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		36,079
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		43,417		—
Korea Power Exchange	Trade receivables			611		1,452		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			—		112		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		3,676		3,529
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		1,360		1,529
Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			30,186		44,510		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		178
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		8,649		8,030
Ecollite Co., Ltd.	Non-trade receivables and others			—		210		—		—
Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Non-trade receivables and others			104		147		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		862		349
Pyeongchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Non-trade receivables and others			306		170		—		—
Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			150		117		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		27,374
Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Non-trade receivables and others			93		153		—		—
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		867		330
Busan Solar Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			1		1		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		1
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		127		208
KNH Solar Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			1		2		—		—
S-Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			213		121		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			1,203		—		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		54,141
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		55,238		—
Green Biomass Co., Ltd.	Non-trade receivables and others			—		109		—		—
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		—		152
SPC Power Corporation	Non-trade receivables and others			64		—		—		—
Pioneer Gas Power Limited	Non-trade receivables and others			214		26		—		—
Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.	Non-trade receivables and others			547		—		—		—

<Joint ventures>
KEPCO SPC Power Corporation	Trade receivables			2,519		—		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			1,736		252		—		—
KEPCO-ALSTOM Power Electronics Systems, Inc.	Non-trade receivables and others			668		251		—		—
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		—		61
Dangjin Echo Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			—		—		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			1,955		300		—		—
Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Trade payables			—		—		—		342
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		2,481		2,124
Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.	Non-trade receivables and others			1,101		2,086		—		—
Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			1,383		128		—		—
Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.	Non-trade receivables and others			—		112		—		—

F-157


			Receivables				Payables
Company name	Type		2014		2015		2014		2015
			In millions of won
Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables	￦		—		7		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			—		136		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		627
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		—		2,000
KW Nuclear Components Co., Ltd.	Non-trade receivables and others			57		—		—		—
GS Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			—		970		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			14,626		1,216		—		—
Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.	Trade receivables			2		2		—		—
	Trade payables			—		—		—		272
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		1,516		970
Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.	Non-trade receivables and others			511		368		—		—
Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company	Non-trade receivables and others			—		1,780		—		—
Jamaica Public Service Company Limited	Trade receivables			1,121		1,193		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			303		581		—		—
Amman Asia Electric Power Company	Trade receivables			11,171		739		—		—

<Others>
Korea Development Bank	Accrued interest income			—		212		—		—
	Non-trade receivables and others			—		45,623		—		—
	Non-trade payables and others			—		—		4,069		493
	Derivatives			2,737		3,777		4,620		2,313

(5)

Loans and others arising from related party transactions as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


Type	Company name		Beginning balance		Loans		Collection		Others		Ending balance
			In millions of won
Joint ventures	KEPCO SPC Power Corporation	￦		32,866		—		(5,205)		1,990		29,651
Joint ventures	Datang Chifeng Renewable Power Co., Ltd.			29,731		—		(7,651)		1,695		23,775
Joint ventures	Jamaica Public Service Company Limited			2,199		—		—		146		2,345
Associates	KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd. KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.			26,544		117		—		1,635		28,296
	Allowance for doubtful accounts			(16,884)		—		—		(871)		(17,755)
Associates	Rabigh Electricity Company			62,713		—		(20,578)		3,417		45,552
Associates	PT. Cirebon Electric Power			45,136		4,260		(9,412)		995		40,979
Associates	PT Mutiara Jawa			—		450		—		—		450
Associates	Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.			1,413		—		—		—		1,413

		￦		183,718		4,827		(42,846)		9,007		154,706

F-158

(6)

Borrowings arising from related party transactions as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


Related parties	Type		Beginning balance		Borrowings		Repayment			Ending balance
		In millions of won
Korea Development Bank	Facility	￦		1,552,600		12,300		(1,303,463	)		261,437
	Others			7,178		—		(760	)		6,418
	Operating funds			8,618		12,000		(8,618	)		12,000

(7)

Guarantees provided to associates or joint ventures as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


Primary guarantor	Secondary guarantor	Type of guarantees	Credit limit		Guarantee
In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
Korea Electric Power Corporation	KEPCO SPC Power Corporation	Debt guarantees		USD 88,138	SMBC, The Export-import Bank of Korea and ADB
Korea Electric Power Corporation	Shuweihat Asia O&M Co., Ltd.	Performance guarantees		USD 11,000	SAPCO
Korea Electric Power Corporation	KNOC Nigerian East Oil Co., Ltd. and KNOC Nigerian West Oil Co., Ltd.	Performance guarantees		USD 34,650	Korea National Oil Corporation (Nigerian government)
Korea Electric Power Corporation	Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company.	Performance guarantees and others		USD 1,387	Rabigh Electricity Company
Korea Electric Power Corporation	Nghi Son 2 Power Ltd.	Bidding guarantees		USD 10,000	SMBC Ho Chi Minh
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.	Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested		KRW 48,353	KEB Hana Bank and others
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.	Cheongna Energy Co., Ltd.	Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		-	KEB Hana Bank and others
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.	Xe-Pian Xe-Namnoy Power Co., Ltd.	Payment guarantees for business reserve		USD 2,500	Krung Thai Bank
		Collateralized money invested		USD 29,357
		Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		-
		Impounding bonus guarantees		USD 5,000	SK E&C
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.	Rabigh Operation & Maintenance Company.	Performance guarantees		SAR 4,800	Saudi Arabia British Bank
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.	Daegu Photovoltaic Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested		KRW 1,230	IBK
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.	Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd.(*2)	Collateralized money invested		KRW 111,134	Kookmin Bank

F-159


Primary guarantor	Secondary guarantor	Type of guarantees	Credit limit		Guarantee
In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.	PT. Mutiara Jawa	Collateralized money invested		USD 2,610	Shinhan Bank Singapore
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.	Heangbok Do Si Photovoltaic Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested		KRW 194	Nonghyup Bank
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.	Shin Pyeongtaek Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested		KRW 40	Kookmin Bank
Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.	Busan Shinho Solar Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested		KRW 2,100	KT Capital Co., Ltd.
Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.	Seokmun Energy Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 580 —	KEB Hana Bank and others
Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.	Chun-cheon Energy Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 32,868 —	Kookmin Bank and others
Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.	Honam Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 3,480 —	Shinhan Bank and others
Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.	GS-Donghae Electric Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 204,000 —	Korea Development Bank and others
Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.	Yeonggwangbaeksu Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 3,000 —	Hyundai Marine & Fire Insurance Co., Ltd. and others
Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.	PT. Tanjung Power Indonesia	Debt guarantees		USD 10,500	The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.	KNH Solar Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 1,296 —	Shinhan Bank and Kyobo Life Insurance Co., Ltd.
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.	Daeryun Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 25,477 —	Korea Development Bank, Daewoo Securities Co., Ltd. and others
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.	Changjuk Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 3,801 —	Shinhan Bank and Woori Bank

F-160


Primary guarantor	Secondary guarantor	Type of guarantees	Credit limit		Guarantee
In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.	Busan Solar Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested		KRW 793	Consus Asset Management Co., Ltd
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.	Daegu Green Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 76,193	KEB Hana Bank and Kookmin Bank
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.	KS Solar Corp. Ltd.	Collateralized money invested		KRW 637	Shinhan Capital Co., Ltd.
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.	Kelar S.A	Performance guarantees(*1)		—	KEB Hana Bank, SMBC and others
		Debt guarantees		USD 132,600	SMBC, MIZUHO Bank and others
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.	DS Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 2,900 —	Korea Development Bank and Daewoo Securities Co., Ltd.
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.	Pyoungchang Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 3,875 —	Woori Bank and Shinhan Bank
Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.	Taebaek Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		—	Shinhan Bank and Cheju Bank
KEPCO Engineering & Construction Company, Inc.	DS Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 15,000 —	Korea Development Bank and Daewoo Securities Co., Ltd.
Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.	Hyundai Green Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		KRW 87,003 —	Korea Development Bank and others
Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.	PT. Cirebon Electric Power	Debt guarantees	USD	9,653	Nonghyup Bank
Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.	PT Wampu Electric Power	Performance guarantees(*1)		—	KEB Hana Bank
Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.	Gangwon Wind Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested	KRW	7,410	IBK and others

F-161


Primary guarantor	Secondary guarantor	Type of guarantees	Credit limit		Guarantee
In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.	Hyundai Energy Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)	KRW	71,070 —	Korea Development Bank and others
Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.	RES Technology AD	Collateralized money invested Debt guarantees	KRW EUR	15,595 4,271	Korea Development Bank and others
Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.	ASM-BG Investicii AD	Collateralized money invested Debt guarantees	KRW EUR	16,101 4,175	Korea Development Bank and others
Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.	Express Solar-light Power Generation Co., Ltd.	Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		—	Woori Bank
Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.	S-Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Performance guarantees and guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)	KRW	132,300 —	Korea Development Bank and others
KOSEP USA, INC.	KODE NOVUS II LLC	Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		—	Korea Development Bank and others
KOSEP USA, INC.	KODE NOVUS I LLC	Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)		—	The Export-Import Bank of Korea and others
Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.	Yeongwol Energy Station Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested	KRW	1,400	Meritz Fire & Marine Insurance Co., Ltd.
KEPCO Plant Service & Engineering Co., Ltd.	Incheon New Power Co., Ltd.	Collateralized money invested Guarantees for supplemental funding(*1)	KRW	6,800 —	Shinhan Bank

(*1)	The Company guarantees to provide supplemental funding for business with respect to excessive business expenses or insufficient repayment of borrowings.

(*2)	According to the Project Financing Agreement (“Agreement”), if there is any capital increase in Dongducheon Dream Power Co., Ltd. by issuance of new stock after the date of the Agreement, the newly issued shares owned by the Company shall also be provided as a collateral for the Project Financing.

(8)

Guarantees provided from related parties as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


Primary guarantor	Secondary guarantor	Type of guarantees	Credit limit
In thousands of U.S. dollars
Korea Development Bank	Korea Electric Power Corporation	Debt guarantees		USD 195,175

F-162

(9)

Derivatives transactions with related parties as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:

(i)

Currency Swap

Counterparty

Contract
year

Contract
Amount

Contract interest rate
per annum

Contract
exchange
rate

Pay

Receive

Pay(%)

Receive(%)

In millions of won and thousands of U.S. dollars

Korea Development Bank

2015~2025

￦

111,190

USD 100,000

2.62

3.25

￦

1,111.90

(ii)

Interest Rate Swap

Counterparty

Contract
year

Contract
amount

Contract interest rate per annum

Pay (%)

Receive (%)

In millions of won

Korea Development Bank

2012~2016

￦

200,000

3.57%

3M CD + 0.26

Korea Development Bank

2012~2016

50,000

3.49%

3M CD + 0.25

Korea Development Bank(*)

2014~2029

40,000

3M CD – 0.03%

4.65%

(*)

The contract is an interest rate swap hedging on Electricity Bonds 885, and the banks would notify the Company of the early termination every year on the early termination notification date (every year on April 28, from 2017 until 2028). The contract will be terminated if the early termination is notified.

(10)

Salaries and other compensations to the key members of management of the Company for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


Type		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Salaries	￦		1,114		993		1,271
Employee benefits			63		44		59

	￦		1,177		1,037		1,330

48.

Non-Cash Transactions

Significant non-cash investing and financing transactions for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


Transactions		2013		2014		2015
		In millions of won
Transfer from construction-in-progress to other assets	￦		6,507,426		9,465,204		10,491,054
Recognition of asset retirement cost and related provision for decommissioning costs			251,054		282,396		699,673
Transfer from provision for disposal of spent nuclear fuel to accrued expenses			403,638		377,697		491,755
Transfer from property, plant and equipment to finance lease receivables			470,867		—		—

F-163

49.

Commitments for Expenditure

(1)

The agreements for acquisition of property, plant and equipment as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


		2014				2015
Contracts		Amounts		Balance		Amounts		Balance
		In millions of won
Purchase of cable(TR CNCE-W/AL,1C,400SQ) (unit price contract)	￦		105,588		63,375		105,588		—
Purchase of cable(TR CNCE-W,1C,600SQ) (unit price contract)			43,495		35,772		43,495		—
Purchase of GIS(362kV 4000A 60KA)			40,630		37,048		40,630		—
Purchase of Concrete Poles(10M, 350KGF)			123,888		97,944		123,888		—
Purchase of G-type low pressure electronic Watt-hour meter (3P4W, 100(10)A) (unit price contract)			48,962		21,744		48,962		—
Purchase of 345kV cable(PVC, 1C, 2500SQ, 200KV) and 17 other types			40,450		7,045		40,450		—
Purchase of Kerosene (higher than 40DEG)			—		—		26,163		8,482
Construction of New Kori units (#3,4)			6,481,107		312,081		6,856,150		214,678
Construction of New Kori units (#5,6)			8,625,387		8,281,741		8,625,387		7,899,368
Construction of New Hanwool units (#1,2)			7,982,343		4,039,178		7,982,343		2,578,707
Construction of New Hanwool units (#3,4)			8,261,817		8,247,541		8,261,817		8,238,651
Construction of New Wolseong units (#1,2)			5,310,003		171,367		5,310,003		—
Construction of Yeosu Thermal Power units (#1)			495,368		255,973		489,440		30,853
Construction of Yeongheung Thermal Power units (#5,6)			836,708		46,962		576,187		—
Other contracts			75,326		27,341		199,846		140,563
Service of designing New Boryeong units (#1,2)			124,082		43,606		126,038		32,910
Construction of New Boryeong units (#1,2)			246,964		66,982		246,964		10,859
Purchase of Haengbokdosi cogeneration units			305,360		46,007		337,283		—
Purchase of Wonju RDF cogeneration units			50,220		17,526		52,877		—
Purchase of coal handling machine for construction of New Boryeong units (#1,2)			144,122		72,967		146,353		25,266
Construction of Seoul Combined units (#1,2)			225,993		215,265		227,000		182,630
Purchase of smoke eliminating machine for construction of New Boryeong units (#1,2)			118,058		46,873		118,058		8,775
Electricity construction of New Boryeong units (#1,2)			245,357		170,029		245,357		36,893
Purchase of main machine for construction of Seoul Combined units (#1,2)			360,500		328,210		360,500		328,210
Purchase of main machine for construction of New Boryeong units (#1,2)			851,132		412,758		851,132		137,744
Construction of harbor facility for New Boryeong units (#1,2)			73,702		35,672		78,166		—
Purchase of furnace for construction of Taean units (#9,10)			561,071		318,017		546,637		66,271
Service of designing Taean units (#9,10)			107,516		39,247		107,516		26,437
Purchase of desulfurization machine for construction of Taean units (#9,10) (conditional contract for installation)			90,490		46,808		91,592		6,175
Purchase of turbine generator for construction of Taean units (#9,10)			207,603		132,604		426,139		103,146

F-164


		2014				2015
Contracts		Amounts		Balance		Amounts		Balance
		In millions of won
Purchase of coal handling machine for construction of Taean (#9,10) and IGCC units (conditional contract for installation)	￦		139,200		35,688		146,634		9,943
Purchase of gas plant machine for construction of Taean IGCC units			458,388		37,773		457,423		4,541
Purchase of combined generating machine for construction of Taean IGCC units			190,207		17,900		204,514		25,808
Purchase of oxygen plant for construction of Taean IGCC units			95,459		12,611		97,804		4,252
Service of designing Taean IGCC plant units			44,374		9,653		44,374		5,520
Purchase of coal handling machine for construction of Samcheok units (#1,2)			290,417		111,090		290,417		23,795
Construction of Samcheok units (#1,2)			384,716		82,705		384,716		27,018
Construction of breakwater for Samcheok units (#1,2)			84,893		30,328		84,893		18,096
Purchase of furnace for construction of Samcheok units (#1,2)			1,087,301		230,298		1,091,303		115,896
Purchase of electric precipitator for construction of Samcheok units (#1,2)			53,705		12,036		53,705		—
Purchase of turbine generator for construction of Samcheok units (#1,2)			223,407		14,633		213,761		4,040
Service of designing Samcheok units (#1,2)			113,161		47,523		112,949		42,631
Purchase of ash disposing facility for construction of Samcheok units (#1,2)			—		—		46,970		2,857
Purchase of Andong main machine			234,601		11,730		234,601		—
Construction of yard for Andong natural gas power plant			—		—		40,960		2,528
Service of designing Dangjin units (#9,10)			108,677		22,915		109,340		16,261
Purchase of main machine for construction of Dangjin units (#9,10)			297,989		12,724		561,586		4,694
Construction of Dangjin units (#9,10)			355,285		22,179		388,559		6,054
Purchase of Ulsan combined cycle power units (#4) (conditional contract for installation)			286,755		8,355		595,223		—
Electricity construction of Dangjin units (#9,10)			223,085		80,891		294,099		16,812
Construction of office building (KOPEC)			213,216		45,694		215,395		—
Purchase of cable(TR CNCE-W,600MM2, 13, 2KV)			—		—		50,581		50,581
Purchase of Concrete Poles(10M, 350KGF)			—		—		106,037		74,549
Purchase of Ground Switch(44-D-A125, 600AX4)			—		—		43,624		42,912

	￦		47,068,078		24,484,409		48,561,429		20,575,406

F-165

(2)

As of December 31, 2015, details of contracts for inventory purchase are as follows:

The Company imports all of its uranium ore concentrates from sources outside Korea (including the United States, United Kingdom, Kazakhstan, France, Russia, South Africa, Canada and Australia) which are paid for with currencies other than Won, primarily in U.S. dollars. In order to ensure stable supply, the Company entered into long-term and medium-term contracts with various suppliers, and supplements such supplies with purchases of fuels on spot markets. The long-term and medium-term contract periods vary among contractors and the stages of fuel manufacturing process. Contract prices for processing of uranium are generally based on market prices. Contract periods for ore concentrates, conversion, enrichment and design and fabrication are as follows:


Type	Periods	Contracted amounts
Concentrate	2015 ~ 2030	34,719 Ton U3O8
Transformed	2015 ~ 2022	17,238 Ton U
Enrichment	2015 ~ 2029	34,879 Ton SWU
Molded	2015 ~ 2022	1,852 Ton U

50.

Contingencies and Commitments

(1)

Ongoing litigations related with contingent liabilities and assets as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:


	2014				2015
	Number of cases		Claim amount		Number of cases		Claim amount
	In millions of won
As the defendant		669	￦	637,749		750	￦	1,052,301
As the plaintiff		164		460,965		170		436,490

The Company is the defendant against a number of claims. The following are potentially significant claims pertaining to the Company:

①

Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd.(“Hyundai E&C”), SK Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. and GS Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. filed a law suit for increase in contract bill (formerly, amounted to ￦1,000 million) against Korea Hydro & Nuclear Co., Ltd.(“KHNP”) in September 2013, in relation to the design changes on the plant construction of New Hanwool 1 & 2. Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co., Ltd. and two other companies increased the contract bill to ￦133,426 million in October 2014 and ￦204,040 million in November 2015, respectively, and submitted an application to demand extra contract payments due to the design changes.

Due to the inherent uncertainties, the Company is not able to reliably estimate the amount of compensation and timing if any, that might be awarded to Hyundai E&C and two other companies. Consequently, it is not possible for the Company to make an estimate of the expected financial effect that will result from the ultimate resolution of a lawsuit. Therefore, the Company has not recognized any provision for the lawsuit.

②

In December 2013, the Supreme Court of Korea ruled that regular bonuses also fall under the category of ordinary wages on the condition that those bonuses are paid regularly and uniformly. Also, the Supreme Court ruled that employees shall retroactively demand certain wages based on the new ordinary wages that include regular bonuses as additional wages. However, the request may be limited to the extent of the principle of good faith.

The Company believes that the possibility of economic outflow is probable on the ongoing and the expected lawsuit. For this reason, the Company recognized ￦145,522 million of other provision in relation to the lawsuit.

F-166

③

KHNP, a subsidiary of the Company, adopted amendments to remuneration regulations and bylaws regarding basic bonuses in the year 2012. With respect to this, a lawsuit was filed in January 2015 (claim amount: ￦11,838 million) by employees against KHNP for what they claim to be unpaid bonuses, which is derived from different interpretations of the remuneration regulations and bylaws applied to the three-month working period from September to December 2011.

(2)

Guarantees of borrowings provided to other companies as of December 31, 2014 and 2015 are as follows:

•

The Company has a borrowing of ￦22,500 million from Long Lasting Value (“LLV”) as of December 31, 2015. LLV obtains loans from major stockholders, such as Samsung Life Insurance, and lends the money to other third parties. The Company guarantees secured payments to the major stockholders of LLV, such as payment of principal, tax, commissions, etc., with a limit of ￦23,900 million.

•

In order to secure its status as a shareholder of Navanakom Electric Co., Ltd., the Company has signed a fund supplement contract. According to the contract, in case Navanakom Electric Co., Ltd. does not have sufficient funds for its operation or repayment of borrowings, the Company bears a payment obligation in proportion to its ownership.

•

The Company has outstanding borrowings with a limit of USD 275,600,000 from its creditors such as International Finance Corporation. Regarding the borrowing contract, the Company has guaranteed capital contribution of USD 69,808,000 and additional contribution up to USD 19,000,000 for contingencies, if any. Moreover, for one of the electricity purchasers, Central Power Purchasing Agency Guarantee Ltd., the Company has provided payment guarantee up to USD 2,777,000, in case of construction delay or insufficient contract volume after commencement of the construction.

F-167

(3)

Credit lines provided by financial institutions as of December 31, 2015 are as follows:


Commitments	Financial institutions	Currency	Amount
		In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies
Commitments on bank-overdraft	Nonghyup Bank and others	KRW		1,915,000
Commitments on bank-daylight overdraft	Nonghyup Bank and others	KRW		280,000
Limit amount available for CP	Shinhan Bank and others	KRW		800,000
Limit amount available for card	KEB Hana Bank and others	KRW		55,578
	Banco de Oro	PHP		5,000
Certification of payment on payables from foreign country	Korea Development Bank and others	USD		198,175
Loan limit	Kookmin Bank and others	KRW		705,584
	BNP Paribas and others	USD		2,228,059
Certification of payment on L/C	KEB Hana Bank	EUR		260
	KEB Hana Bank	GBP		61,169
	Woori Bank and others	USD		1,229,049
Certification of performance guarantee on contract	Kookmin Bank	EUR		14,833
	KEB Hana Bank	INR		236,443
	Seoul Guarantee Insurance and others	KRW		264,538
	Bank of Kathmandu	NPR		32,633
	First Gulf Bank and others	USD		767,485
Certification of bidding	The Export-Import Bank of Korea and others	USD		10,450
Advance payment bond, Warranty bond, Retention bond and others	KEB Hana Bank	INR		157,830
	KEB Hana Bank and others	NPR		36,309
	HSBC and others	USD		571,349
Others	Shinhan Bank and others	JPY		2,245,843
	KEB Hana Bank and others	KRW		57,300
	KEB Hana Bank	SAR		2,240
	HSBC and others	USD		1,085,305
Inclusive credit	Shinhan Bank	INR		47,489
	KEB Hana Bank	KRW		501,500
	HSBC and others	USD		774,510
Trade finance	BNP Paribas and others	USD		800,000

(4)

The Company voluntarily suspended operations of the Gangneung hydroelectric generating plant, with a carrying amount of ￦101,371 million, to improve the quality of water used in generating electricity. The expenses related to the suspension of operations of ￦779 million and depreciation on the utility plant of ￦6,699 million are charged to other expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015.

F-168

(5)

As of December 31, 2015, the blank check and assets provided as collaterals or pledges to financial institutions by the Company are follows:

Guarantor

Guarantee

Type of guarantee

Currency

Amount

Description

In millions of won and thousands of foreign currencies

KEPCO Nuclear Fuel Co., Ltd.

Korea Resources Corporation

Blank check

KRW

—

Collateral for project loan

Korea East-West Power Co., Ltd.

Korea Development Bank and others

All shareholdings of Gyeongju Wind Power Co., Ltd.

KRW

9,240

Collateral for borrowings

Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.

IBK and others

All shareholdings of Commerce and Industry Energy Co., Ltd.

KRW

13,605

Collateral for borrowings

Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd.

Shinhan Bank

All shareholdings of KOSPO Youngnam Power Co., Ltd.

KRW

25,000

Collateral for borrowings

Korea South-East Power Co., Ltd.

International Finance Corporation and others

Shareholdings of Mira Power Limited

KRW

38,206

Collateral for borrowings

Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Co., Ltd.

Korea Development Bank and others

All shareholdings of Gyeonggi Green Energy Co., Ltd.

KRW

47,000

Collateral for borrowings

KEPCO KDN Co., Ltd.

KEB Hana Bank

Cash and cash equivalents

KRW

740

Establishment the right of pledge for lending

Gyeonggi Green Energy Co., Ltd.

Korea Development Bank and others

Factory estate and others

KRW

327,080

Providing guarantees(*)

Commerce and Industry Energy Co., Ltd.

IBK and others

Land, buildings, structures and machinery

KRW

88,300

Collateral for borrowings

Cash and cash equivalents

KRW

6,839

Gyeongju Wind Power Co., Ltd.

Korea Development

Property, plant and equipment and others

KRW

35,386

Collateral for borrowings

Bank and others

Existing or expected trade receivables and others

KRW

2,469

Cash and cash equivalents

KRW

4,757

Qatrana Electric Power Company

The Islamic Development Bank and others

Finance Lease receivable and property, plant and equipment and others

JOD

44,599

Collateral for borrowings

KST Electric Power Company

Scotiabank Inverlat, S.A

Finance Lease receivable and others

USD

330,000

Collateral for borrowings

(*)

The Company provided the financial institutions with shares of Gyeonggi Green Energy Co., Ltd., one of its subsidiaries, as collateral related to long-term borrowings. Additionally, pledge for shares, pledge for transfer of rights of long-term borrowings, pledge for insurance claims and other pledges were established.

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51.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent to the December 31, 2015, the subsidiaries of the Company, Korea Western Power Co. Ltd., and Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd., have issued new debt securities for funding facilities and operation as follows:


Company Name	Type	Interest rate			Issued date		Maturity		Amounts
	In millions of won
Korea Western Power Co., Ltd.	Short-term borrowings		1.71	%		2016.01.05		2016.03.23	￦	20,000
			1.71	%		2016.01.05		2016.03.23		20,000
			1.71	%		2016.01.05		2016.03.23		20,000
			1.71	%		2016.01.05		2016.03.23		20,000
			1.46	%		2016.01.21		2016.01.22		70,000
			1.46	%		2016.01.21		2016.01.22		30,000
			1.52	%		2016.01.21		2016.01.28		100,000
	Corporate Bonds #30-1		1.88	%		2016.01.28		2021.01.28		90,000
	Corporate Bonds #30-2		2.10	%		2016.01.28		2026.01.28		110,000
Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd.	The 5th Global Bond (Reg S only)		2.50	%		2016.01.21		2021.07.21		363,000
	Corporate Bonds #34-1		1.94	%		2016.03.11		2026.03.11		60,000
	Corporate Bonds #34-2		2.01	%		2016.03.11		2031.03.11		130,000

F-170

INDEX OF EXHIBITS



1.1		Articles of Incorporation, as last amended on November 20, 2014 (in English)*

2.1		Form of Deposit Agreement**

8.1		List of Subsidiaries

12.1		Certifications of our Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act (Certifications under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)

12.2		Certifications of our Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act (Certifications under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)

13.1		Certifications of our Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350) (Certifications under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)

13.2		Certifications of our Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(b) and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of the United States Code (18 U.S.C. 1350) (Certifications under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)

15.1		The Korea Electric Power Corporation Act, as amended on December 31, 2014 (in English)*

15.2		Enforcement Decree of the Korea Electric Power Corporation Act, as amended on March 23, 2013 (in English)***

15.3		The Public Agencies Management Act, as amended on May 28, 2014 (in English)*

15.4		Enforcement Decree of the Public Agencies Management Act, as amended on March 31, 2016 (in English)

*	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s annual report on Form 20-F (No. 001-13372) previously filed on April 30, 2015.

**	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form F-6 with respect to the ADSs, registered under Registration No. 333-196703.

***	Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s annual report on Form 20-F (No. 001-13372) previously filed on April 30, 2013.

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