Form 10 K 9.30.14
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(MARK ONE)
|
| |
x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014
or
|
| |
o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission file number: 001-09318
FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
|
| | |
Delaware | | 13-2670991 |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, California | | 94403 |
(Address of principal executive offices) | | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (650) 312-2000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
|
| | |
Title of each class | | Name of each exchange on which registered |
Common Stock, par value $.10 per share | | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
x YES o NO
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
o YES x NO
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
x YES o NO
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
x YES o NO
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
|
| |
Large accelerated filer x | Accelerated filer o |
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). o YES x NO
The aggregate market value of the voting common equity (“common stock”) held by non-affiliates of the registrant, as of March 31, 2014 (the last business day of registrant’s second quarter of fiscal year 2014), was $21.6 billion based upon the last sale price reported for such date on the New York Stock Exchange.
Number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding at October 31, 2014: 622,371,509.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
Certain portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its annual meeting of stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after September 30, 2014, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.
INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
|
| | | | |
FORM 10-K ITEM | | PAGE NUMBER |
| | |
| ITEM 1. | | 3 |
|
| | | 3 |
|
| | | 4 |
|
| | | 5 |
|
| | | 14 |
|
| | | 14 |
|
| | | 20 |
|
| | | 20 |
|
| | | 21 |
|
| | | 21 |
|
| ITEM 1A. | | 21 |
|
| ITEM 1B. | | 29 |
|
| ITEM 2. | | 29 |
|
| ITEM 3. | | 30 |
|
| ITEM 4. | | 30 |
|
| | | 30 |
|
| | |
|
| ITEM 5. | | 32 |
|
| ITEM 6. | | 33 |
|
| ITEM 7. | | 34 |
|
| ITEM 7A. | | 60 |
|
| ITEM 8. | | 62 |
|
| ITEM 9. | | 106 |
|
| ITEM 9A. | | 106 |
|
| ITEM 9B. | | 106 |
|
| | |
| ITEM 10. | | 106 |
|
| ITEM 11. | | 107 |
|
| ITEM 12. | | 107 |
|
| ITEM 13. | | 107 |
|
| ITEM 14. | | 107 |
|
| | |
|
| ITEM 15. | | 108 |
|
| | 110 |
|
| |
|
PART I
Forward-looking Statements. In addition to historical information, this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that involve a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors, including the risks and other factors discussed in Item 1A (“Risk Factors”), that could cause actual results and outcomes to differ materially from any future results or outcomes expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. When used in this report, words or phrases generally written in the future tense and/or preceded by words such as “will,” “may,” “could,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “estimate,” or other similar words are “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Moreover, statements in Risk Factors, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and elsewhere in this report that speculate about future events are forward-looking statements.
While forward-looking statements are our best prediction at the time that they are made, you should not rely on them. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. We caution you against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of future performance. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. If a circumstance occurs after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K that causes any of our forward-looking statements to be inaccurate, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, we do not have an obligation, and we undertake no obligation, to announce publicly the change to our expectations, or to make any revision to our forward-looking statements, unless required by law.
Item 1. Business.
Overview
Franklin Resources, Inc. (“Franklin”) is a holding company that, together with its various subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”), operates as Franklin Templeton Investments®. We are a global investment management organization committed to the aim of delivering strong investment performance for our clients by drawing on the experience and perspective gained throughout over 65 years in the investment management business. We believe in the value of active investment management, and plan to continue to build on our strengths while pursuing new growth opportunities. The common stock of Franklin is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “BEN,” and is included in the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index.
We offer investment services under our Franklin®, Templeton®, Mutual Series®, Bissett®, Fiduciary Trust™, Darby®, Balanced Equity Management® and K2® brand names. When used in this report, unless the context otherwise makes clear, our “funds” means the mutual funds offered under our brand names. In this report, words such as “we,” “us,” “our” and similar terms refer to the Company.
We provide investment management and related services to investors in jurisdictions worldwide through products that include U.S.- and non-U.S.-registered open-end and closed-end funds (“U.S. Funds” and “Non-U.S. Funds”), unregistered funds, and institutional, high net-worth and separately-managed accounts (collectively, our “sponsored investment products” or “SIPs”). As of September 30, 2014, we had $898.0 billion in assets under management (“AUM”). In addition to investment management, our services include fund administration, sales, distribution, marketing, shareholder servicing, trustee, custody and other fiduciary services. We offer a broad range of SIPs under equity, hybrid, fixed-income and cash management funds and accounts, including alternative investment products, that meet a variety of specific investment needs of individual and institutional investors. We also provide sub-advisory services to certain investment products sponsored by other companies which may be sold to the public under the brand names of those other companies or on a co-branded basis.
The investment funds that we manage have various investment objectives designed to meet the needs and goals of different investors. Most of the investment funds we manage are registered open-end mutual funds that continuously offer their shares to investors. We also offer closed-end funds that issue a set number of shares to investors in a public offering and the shares are then traded on a public stock exchange. Since the funds themselves do not have direct employees, to support their operations, the funds contract with separate entities, including our subsidiaries, to provide the investment management and related services they require. An investment advisory entity manages a fund’s portfolio
of securities in accordance with the fund’s stated objectives. Investors may purchase shares of an open-end fund through a broker/dealer, financial adviser, bank or other similar financial intermediary that may provide investment advice to the investor, while investors may purchase shares of a closed-end fund on the stock exchange where the fund is traded. Financial intermediaries may earn fees and commissions and receive other compensation with respect to the fund shares sold to investors.
The business and regulatory environments in which we operate globally remain complex, uncertain and subject to change. We are subject to various laws, rules and regulations globally that impose restrictions, limitations and registration, reporting and disclosure requirements on our business and add complexity to our global compliance operations. In September 2014, Franklin deregistered as a bank holding company with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”) after limiting the operations of Fiduciary Trust Company International (“Fiduciary Trust”) and Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust, F.S.B. (“FTB&T”) to trust and fiduciary activities. Fiduciary Trust is now a New York state-chartered limited purpose trust company and FTB&T is a federal savings association.
We continue to focus on the long-term investment performance of our SIPs and on providing high quality customer service to our clients. The success of these and other strategies may be affected by the Risk Factors discussed below in Item 1A of Part I of this Annual Report, and other factors as discussed in this section.
Company History and Acquisitions
The Company and its predecessors have been engaged in the investment management and related services business since 1947. Franklin was incorporated in Delaware in November 1969 and originated our mutual fund business with the Franklin family of funds. The Franklin Funds are known for U.S. taxable and tax-free fixed-income funds, hybrid funds, and growth- and value-oriented equity funds. We have expanded our business, in part, by acquiring companies engaged in the investment management and/or related services business.
In October 1992, we acquired substantially all of the assets and liabilities of the investment management and related services business of Templeton, Galbraith & Hansberger Ltd. This acquisition added the Templeton family of funds to our organization. The Templeton funds are known for their global investment strategies and value style of investing.
In November 1996, we acquired certain assets and liabilities of Heine Securities Corporation, including Mutual Series Fund Inc., which now operates under the name Franklin Mutual Series. Franklin Mutual Series provides investment management services to various accounts and investment companies and is known for its value-oriented equity funds.
In July 2000, we expanded our business in Korea when we purchased all of the remaining outstanding shares of a Korean investment management company, Ssangyong Templeton Investment Trust Management Co., Ltd., in which we previously held a partial interest, making us one of the largest independent foreign money managers in Korea. The company has been renamed Franklin Templeton Investment Trust Management Co., Ltd.
In October 2000, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Bissett & Associates Investment Management Ltd., which now operates under the name Franklin Bissett Investment Management as part of our Canadian subsidiary, Franklin Templeton Investments Corp. With this acquisition, we added Bissett’s family of Canadian taxable fixed-income and growth-oriented equity mutual funds to our Canadian-based funds.
In April 2001, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Fiduciary Trust. Fiduciary Trust provides investment management and related services to high net-worth individuals and families and institutional clients and is insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). In July 2014, the New York State Department of Financial Services (“NYDFS”) approved the amendment of Fiduciary Trust’s organization certificate to provide that Fiduciary Trust may exercise only fiduciary powers.
In July 2002, our subsidiary Franklin Templeton Asset Management (India) Private Limited (“FTAMIPL”), in which we held a majority interest, acquired all of the outstanding shares of Pioneer ITI AMC Limited. In April 2007, we completed the purchase of the remaining 25% interest in each of FTAMIPL and Franklin Templeton Trustee Services Private Limited, each located in India.
In October 2003, we expanded our private equity investment management services in emerging markets when we acquired all of the remaining outstanding shares of Darby Overseas Investments, Ltd. and all of the remaining outstanding limited partnership interests of Darby Overseas Partners, L.P. (collectively, “Darby”), in which we previously held a partial interest. Darby, based in Washington, D.C., sponsors and manages funds for institutional investors and high net-worth individuals that invest primarily in emerging markets through private equity and mezzanine finance transactions, including regional and specialized sector funds.
In July 2006, we completed the purchase of all of the remaining interests in a Brazilian investment management company, Bradesco Templeton Asset Management Ltda., in which we previously held a partial interest. The company has been renamed Franklin Templeton Investimentos (Brasil) Ltda.
In January 2011, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of a specialty U.K. equity manager, Rensburg Fund Management Limited (“Rensburg”). Rensburg has been renamed Franklin Templeton Fund Management Limited.
In July 2011, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of a specialty Australian equity manager, Balanced Equity Management Pty. Limited.
In November 2012, we acquired approximately 69% of the equity of K2 Advisors Holdings LLC (“K2”), a fund of hedge funds solutions provider. We also agreed to acquire K2’s remaining equity interests over a multi-year period beginning in 2017.
Investment Management and Related Services
We derive our revenues and net income from providing investment management and related services to our SIPs and the sub-advised products that we service. Our investment management fees, which represent the majority of our revenues, depend to a large extent on the level and mix of our AUM and the types of services provided. Sales and distribution fees, also a significant source of our revenues, consist of sales charges and commissions derived from sales and distribution of our SIPs.
Our business is conducted through our subsidiaries, including those registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as investment advisers under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the “Advisers Act”), subsidiaries registered as investment adviser equivalents in jurisdictions including Australia, Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Singapore, The Bahamas, the United Arab Emirates, the U.K. and certain other subsidiaries.
AUM by Investment Objective
Our fees for providing investment management services are generally based on a percentage of the market value of AUM in the accounts that we advise, the investment objectives of the accounts and the types of services that we provide for the accounts. As of September 30, 2014, AUM by investment objective on a worldwide basis was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | |
Investment Objective | | Value in Billions | | Percentage of Total AUM |
Equity | | | | |
Growth potential, income potential, value or various combinations thereof | | $ | 371.0 |
| | 41 | % |
Hybrid | | | | |
Asset allocation, balanced, flexible, alternative and income-mixed funds | | 159.0 |
| | 18 | % |
Fixed-Income | | | | |
Both long-term and short-term | | 361.0 |
| | 40 | % |
Cash Management | | | | |
Short-term liquid assets | | 7.0 |
| | 1 | % |
Total | | $ | 898.0 |
| | 100 | % |
Broadly speaking, the change in the net assets of our SIPs depends primarily upon two factors: (1) the increase or decrease in the market value of the securities held in the portfolio of investments; and (2) the level of sales (inflows)
as compared to the level of redemptions (outflows). We are subject to the risk of asset volatility resulting from changes in the global capital markets. In addition, changing market conditions may cause a shift in our asset mix, potentially resulting in an increase or decrease in our revenues and income depending upon the nature of our AUM and the level of management fees we earn based on our AUM. Despite the risk of volatility, we believe that we have a competitive advantage as a result of the greater diversity of our SIPs available to our clients.
Summary of Services
1. Investment Management Services
We provide our investment management services pursuant to agreements in effect with each of our SIPs and the products for which we provide sub-advisory services. Our investment management services include services to managed accounts for which we have full investment discretion, and to advisory accounts for which we have no investment discretion. Advisory accounts for which we have no investment discretion may or may not include the authority to trade for the account. Our services include fundamental investment research and valuation analyses, including original economic, political, industry and company research, and analyses of suppliers, customers and competitors. Our company research utilizes such sources as company public records and other publicly available information, management interviews, company prepared information, and company visits and inspections. Research services provided by brokerage firms are also used to support our findings. Our management fee on an account varies with the types of services that we provide for the account, among other things.
Our subsidiaries that provide discretionary investment management services for our SIPs and sub-advised products either perform or obtain investment research and determine which securities the SIPs or sub-advised products will purchase, hold or sell under the supervision and oversight of the funds’ boards of directors or trustees, as applicable. In addition, these subsidiaries may take all appropriate steps to implement such decisions, including arranging for the selection of brokers and dealers and the execution and settlement of trades in accordance with applicable criteria set forth in the management agreements for the SIPs, internal policies, and applicable law and practice. Our subsidiaries that provide non-discretionary investment management services perform investment research for our clients and make recommendations as to which securities the clients purchase, hold or sell, and may or may not perform trading activities for the products.
Through our subsidiaries, we compensate the personnel who serve as officers of our funds, in addition to the personnel necessary to conduct such funds’ day-to-day business operations. The funds themselves do not have direct employees. Our subsidiaries either provide or arrange for the provision of: office space, telephone, office equipment and supplies; trading desk facilities; authorization of expenditures and approval of bills for payment; preparation of registration statements, proxy statements and annual and semi-annual reports to fund shareholders, notices of dividends, capital gains distributions and tax credits, and other regulatory reports; the daily pricing of fund investment portfolios, including collecting quotations from pricing services; accounting services, including preparing and supervising publication of daily net asset value quotations, periodic earnings reports and other financial data; services to ensure compliance with securities regulations, including recordkeeping requirements; preparation and filing of tax reports; the maintenance of accounting systems and controls; and other administrative services. The funds generally pay their own expenses, such as external legal, custody and independent audit fees, regulatory registration fees, and other related expenses. The funds also share in board and shareholder meeting and reporting costs.
Most of our investment management agreements between our subsidiaries and our U.S. Funds must be renewed each year (after an initial two-year term), and must be specifically approved at least annually by a vote of each fund’s board of directors or trustees as a whole and separately by the directors/trustees that are not interested persons of such fund under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”), or by a vote of the holders of a majority of such fund’s outstanding voting securities. Our U.S. agreements automatically terminate in the event of their “assignment,” as defined in the Investment Company Act. In addition, either party may terminate such an agreement without penalty after prior written notice. If agreements representing a significant portion of our AUM were terminated, it would have a material adverse impact on us.
Under the majority of our investment management agreements globally, the funds pay us a monthly fee in arrears based upon the fund’s average daily net assets. Annual fee rates under our various agreements are often reduced as net assets exceed various threshold levels. Annual rates also vary by investment objective and type of services provided.
Our agreements generally permit us to provide services to more than one fund and to other clients so long as our ability to render services to each of the funds is not impaired, and so long as purchases and sales of portfolio securities for various advised funds are made on an equitable basis.
We use a “master/feeder” fund of funds structure in certain situations. This structure allows an investment adviser to manage a single portfolio of securities at the “master fund” level and have multiple “feeder funds” that invest substantially all of their respective assets into the master fund. Individual and institutional shareholders invest in the “feeder funds,” which can offer a variety of service and distribution options. A management fee may be charged either at the master fund level or the feeder fund level depending on the specific requirements of the fund, although funds also involving performance fees or carried interest will typically charge these together with management fees at the master fund level. Administrative, shareholder servicing and custodian fees are often waived at the feeder fund level and only charged at the master fund level, although the feeder funds will indirectly bear their pro-rata share of the expenses of the master fund as an investor in the master fund. Fees and expenses specific to a feeder fund may be charged at the level of that feeder fund.
For our U.S. Funds, our management personnel and the fund directors or trustees regularly review the investment management fee structures for the funds in light of fund performance, the level and range of services provided, industry conditions and other relevant factors. Our Non-U.S. Funds, unregistered funds, institutional, high net-worth and separately-managed accounts, and the products for which we provide sub-advisory services are subject to various termination rights and review and renewal provisions. Investment management fees are generally waived or voluntarily reduced when a new fund or account is established and then increased to contractual levels within an established timeline or as net asset values reach certain levels.
2. Institutional Investment Management
We provide a broad array of investment management services to institutional clients, focusing on foundations, endowment funds and government and corporate defined contribution and pension plans. Our subsidiaries offer a wide range of both U.S. and international equity, fixed-income and alternative strategies through a variety of investment vehicles, including separate accounts, open-end and closed-end funds and unregistered funds. In the U.S., we generally operate our institutional business under the trade name “Franklin Templeton Institutional.”
Through various subsidiaries, including our subsidiary Franklin Templeton Institutional, LLC, we distribute and market globally our different capabilities under our brand names. We primarily attract new institutional business through our relationships with pension, defined contribution and management consultants, direct sales efforts and additional mandates from our existing client relationships, as well as from our responses to requests for proposals.
Through various subsidiaries, we also market and distribute our SIPs to separately-managed accounts. Our subsidiaries Franklin Templeton Financial Services Corp. and Templeton/Franklin Investment Services, Inc. also serve as direct marketing broker/dealers for institutional investors for certain of our institutional mutual and private funds.
3. Alternative Investment Products Management
Through various subsidiaries, we offer and support investment products as alternatives to our traditional equity and fixed-income products and related management services for our clients. Our alternative investment products include, among other capabilities, private equity, hedge funds, real estate and commodities. Examples of some of these offerings follow.
K2, a hedge fund product solutions provider, offers and supports alternative investments and multi-asset solutions platforms for institutional and other qualified investors. K2 provides risk management, manager selection and asset allocation capabilities in various global jurisdictions. Products offered include discretionary and non-discretionary custom-tailored investment programs, commingled funds of hedge funds, and hedge fund investment advisory services.
Darby is primarily engaged in sponsoring and managing funds that invest in private equity and mezzanine finance transactions in emerging markets in Asia, Latin America and Central/Eastern Europe. Darby offers these investment funds through private placements to institutional and high net-worth individual investors.
Templeton Asset Management Ltd., an investment adviser, sponsors and manages a limited number of investment funds that also invest primarily in emerging markets in Asia, Latin America and Central/Eastern Europe.
Franklin Templeton Institutional, LLC, an investment adviser, manages investment partnerships that invest in funds with exposure to global real estate opportunities.
Franklin Advisers, Inc., an investment adviser, manages various privately offered funds with strategies that include the use of fixed-income and other financial instruments as well as derivatives across the global interest rate, currency and credit markets.
Franklin Alternative Strategies Advisers, LLC, an investment adviser, manages a privately offered fund that uses a systematic investment strategy to tactically adjust exposure to equity, fixed-income, currency and other asset classes.
4. High Net-Worth Investment Management
Through our subsidiary Fiduciary Trust (including its trust company and investment adviser subsidiaries), we provide investment management and related services to, among others, high net-worth individuals and families, foundations and institutional clients. Similarly, through our Canadian high net-worth business unit, Fiduciary Trust Company of Canada (“FTCC”), we provide services and offer SIPs to high net-worth individuals and families and institutional clients.
Fiduciary Trust offers investment management and advisory services across different investment styles and asset classes. The majority of Fiduciary Trust’s client assets are actively managed by individual portfolio managers, while a significant number of clients also seek multi-manager, multi-asset class solutions. Fiduciary Trust also provides estate and tax planning to individuals and families.
5. Sales, Distribution and Marketing
A significant portion of our revenues are generated from providing sales and distribution services. Our registered open-end mutual funds and certain other products generally pay us distribution fees in return for sales, distribution and marketing efforts on their behalf. Fund shares are sold primarily through a large network of independent financial intermediaries, including broker/dealers, financial advisers, banks and other third parties. We pay substantially all of our sales and distribution fees to the financial intermediaries who sell our SIPs to the public on our behalf.
Our subsidiary Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. (“FTDI”) acts as the principal underwriter and distributor of shares of most of our open-end U.S. Funds. Certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries provide sales, distribution and marketing services to our Non-U.S. Funds distributed outside the U.S. Some of our Non-U.S. Funds, particularly the Luxembourg-domiciled Franklin Templeton Investment Funds Société d’Investissement à Capital Variable (“SICAV”), are distributed globally on a cross-border basis, while others are distributed exclusively in local markets. We earn sales and distribution fees primarily by distributing our funds pursuant to distribution agreements between FTDI or our non-U.S. subsidiaries and the funds. Under each distribution agreement, we offer and sell the fund’s shares on a continuous basis and pay certain costs associated with selling, distributing and marketing the fund’s shares, including the costs of developing and producing sales literature, shareholder reports and prospectuses.
Our U.S. retirement business is conducted through divisions of FTDI that work closely with sponsors, consultants, record keepers and financial advisers of defined contribution plans, including 401(k) plans, variable annuity products and individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”). We offer our capabilities to the U.S. retirement industry through a number of investment options, including sub-advised portfolios, funds, education savings plans and variable insurance funds.
Most of our retail funds are distributed with a multi-class share structure. We adopted this share structure to provide investors with more sales charge alternatives for their investments. Class A shares are sold with a front-end sales charge to investors, except for when certain investment criteria are met. Class B shares, which are available in some of our Non-U.S. Funds, have no front-end sales charges, but instead have a declining schedule of sales charges (called contingent deferred sales charges) if the investor redeems within four years from the date of purchase. Class C shares also have no front-end sales charges, although our distribution subsidiaries pay an up-front commission to financial intermediaries on these sales. Class C shares have a contingent deferred sales charge for redemptions within
12 months from the date of purchase. Although Class C shares are generally more costly to us in the year of sale, they allow us to be more competitive by providing a fixed percentage annual charge option. Class R and Class R6 shares, available in the U.S. as retirement share classes, also have no front-end sales charges. Class R shares are available to certain retirement, college savings and health savings plan accounts, and Class R6 shares are available to employer sponsored retirement plans where plan level or omnibus accounts are held on the books of our transfer agent.
In the U.S., we also offer Advisor Class shares in many of our Franklin and Templeton funds, and we offer Class Z shares in the Franklin Mutual Series funds, both of which have no sales charges. Advisor and Class Z shares are offered to certain qualified financial intermediaries, institutions and high net-worth clients (both affiliated and unaffiliated) who have assets held in accounts managed by a subsidiary of Franklin and are also available to our full-time employees and current and former officers, trustees and directors. In the U.S., we also offer money market funds to investors without a sales charge. Under the terms and conditions described in the prospectuses or the statements of additional information for some funds, certain investors can purchase shares at net asset value or at reduced sales charges. Outside the U.S., we offer share classes similar to the Advisor Class shares to certain types of investors, although depending upon the fund and the country in which the fund is domiciled, the equivalent share class may be offered on a more restrictive or less restrictive basis than the similar U.S. Advisor Class shares.
Our insurance product funds sold in the U.S. offer a multi-class share structure, and are offered at net asset value without a sales charge directly to insurance company separate accounts, certain qualified plans and other mutual funds (funds of funds).
Outside the U.S., we offer additional types of share classes and unit series in response to local demand based on the needs of investors in particular markets, subject to applicable regulations which may change over time. In the majority of cases, investors in any class of shares may exchange their shares for a like class of shares in another one of our funds, subject to certain fees that may apply. Our Non-U.S. Funds have sales charges and fee structures that vary by region.
The distribution agreements with our open-end U.S. Funds generally provide for FTDI to pay commission expenses for sales of our fund shares to qualifying broker/dealers and other independent financial intermediaries. These financial intermediaries receive various sales commissions and other fees from FTDI for services in matching investors with funds whose investment objectives match such investors’ goals and risk profiles. Such intermediaries may also receive fees for their assistance in explaining the operations of the funds and in servicing and maintaining investors’ accounts, and for reporting and various other distribution services. We are heavily dependent upon these third-party distribution and sales channels and business relationships. FTDI may also make payments to certain broker/dealers who provide marketing support services, as described further below. There is increasing competition for access to these channels, which has caused our distribution costs to rise and could cause further increases in the future as competition continues and service expectations increase. As of September 30, 2014, approximately 1,400 local, regional and national banks, securities firms and financial adviser firms offered shares of our open-end U.S. Funds for sale to the U.S. investing public, and approximately 3,400 banks, securities firms and financial adviser firms offered shares of our cross-border Non-U.S. Funds for sale outside of the U.S.
Most of our open-end U.S. Funds, with the exception of certain money market funds, have adopted distribution plans under Rule 12b-1 (the “Rule 12b-1 Plans”) promulgated under the Investment Company Act (“Rule 12b-1”). Under the Rule 12b-1 Plans, the funds pay FTDI for marketing, marketing support, advertising, printing and sales promotion services relating to the distribution of their shares, subject to the Rule 12b-1 Plans’ limitations based on average daily net AUM. In 2010, the SEC proposed changes to Rule 12b-1 which, if adopted, could limit our ability to recover expenses relating to the distribution of our funds.
The Rule 12b-1 Plans are established for one year terms and must be approved annually by each fund’s board of directors or trustees and by a majority of its directors or trustees who are not interested persons of the fund under the Investment Company Act (the “disinterested fund directors/trustees”). All of these Rule 12b-1 Plans are subject to termination at any time by a majority vote of the disinterested fund directors/trustees or by the particular fund shareholders. Fees from the Rule 12b-1 Plans that FTDI receives as revenues are paid primarily to third-party broker/dealers who sell our funds to the public on our behalf. Similar arrangements exist with the distribution of our Non-U.S.
Funds where, generally, our subsidiary that distributes the funds receives maintenance fees from the funds and pays commissions and certain other fees to banks and other intermediaries.
FTDI and/or its affiliates may make the following additional payments to broker/dealers that sell shares of our funds:
Marketing support payments. FTDI may make payments to certain broker/dealers who are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of our open-end U.S. Funds. A broker/dealer’s marketing support services may include business planning assistance, advertising, educating broker/dealer personnel about the funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the broker/dealer’s list of offered funds, and access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the broker/dealer. FTDI compensates broker/dealers differently depending upon, among other factors, sales and asset levels, and the level and/or type of marketing and educational activities provided by the broker/dealer. Such compensation may include financial assistance to broker/dealers that enable FTDI to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other broker/dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event. FTDI periodically reviews its marketing support arrangements to determine whether to continue such payments. The statement of additional information for each retail U.S. Fund, provided to investors in such funds upon request, provides a list of broker/dealers that receive such marketing support payments and the maximum payments received. FTDI may also make marketing support payments to financial intermediaries that serve as plan service providers to certain employer sponsored retirement plans in connection with activities intended to assist in the sale of our open-end U.S. Funds to such plans. Certain of our non-U.S. subsidiaries may also make marketing support or similar payments to intermediaries located outside the U.S. with respect to investments in Non-U.S. Funds.
Transaction support and other payments. FTDI may pay ticket charges per purchase or exchange order placed by a broker/dealer or one-time payments for ancillary services, such as setting up funds on a broker/dealer’s fund trading system. From time to time, FTDI, at its expense, may make additional payments to broker/dealers that sell or arrange for the sale of shares of our U.S. Funds. FTDI routinely sponsors due diligence meetings for registered representatives during which they receive updates on various funds and are afforded the opportunity to speak with portfolio managers. Invitation to these meetings is not conditioned on selling a specific number of shares. Those who have shown an interest in our funds, however, are more likely to be considered. To the extent permitted by their firm’s policies and procedures, registered representatives’ expenses in attending these meetings may be covered by FTDI. Similar payments may be made by our non-U.S. subsidiaries that distribute our Non-U.S. Funds to third party distributors of such funds.
Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by federal or state laws or any self-regulatory agency, such as the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”). FTDI makes payments for events it deems appropriate, subject to FTDI’s guidelines and applicable law.
6. Shareholder Servicing
We receive shareholder servicing fees as compensation for providing transfer agency services, which include providing customer statements, transaction processing, customer service and tax reporting. Our subsidiary Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC (“FTIS”) serves as shareholder servicing and dividend-paying agent for our open-end U.S. Funds. FTIS is registered with the SEC as a transfer agent under the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934(the “Exchange Act”). FTIS is compensated pursuant to transfer agency service agreements with the funds. These fees are generally fixed annual charges per shareholder account that vary with the particular type of fund and the services being rendered. FTIS also is reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses. Other non-U.S. subsidiaries provide similar services to our Non-U.S. Funds, and may be compensated based on a combination of similar per account fees and fees based on the level of AUM in the accounts that we serve.
FTIS may also pay servicing fees to third-party intermediaries primarily to help offset costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement preparation and transaction processing. Such third parties: (i) maintain omnibus accounts with the fund in the institution’s name on behalf of numerous beneficial owners of fund shares; or (ii) provide support for fund shareholder accounts by sharing account data with FTIS through the Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation systems. The funds reimburse FTIS for these third party payments.
7. Trust and Custody
Through various trust company subsidiaries, including Fiduciary Trust, we offer trust, custody and related services, including administration, performance measurement, estate planning and tax planning. We provide planned giving administration and related custody services for non-profit organizations, including pooled income funds, charitable remainder trusts, charitable lead trusts and gift annuities, for which we may or may not act as trustee. Our subsidiary FTB&T is regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) as a federal savings association that is limited to trust and fiduciary activities. FTB&T serves primarily as custodian of IRAs and business retirement plans invested solely in Franklin Templeton funds.
Summary of SIPs
1. Investment Objectives Overview
Our SIPs are offered globally to retail, institutional, high net-worth and separate account clients, which include individual investors, qualified groups, trustees, tax-deferred (such as IRAs in the U.S. and retirement saving plans, or RSPs, in Canada) or money purchase plans, employee benefit and profit sharing plans, trust companies, bank trust departments and institutional investors. Our SIPs include portfolios managed for some of the world’s largest corporations, endowments, charitable foundations and pension funds, as well as wealthy individuals and other institutions. We use various investment techniques to focus on specific client objectives for these specialized portfolios.
The SIPs that we offer accommodate a variety of investment goals, spanning the spectrum of our clients’ risk tolerance - from capital appreciation (with our more growth-oriented products) to capital preservation (with our fixed-income offerings). In seeking to achieve such objectives, each portfolio emphasizes different strategies and invests in different types of instruments.
Our equity investment products include some that are considered value-oriented, others that are considered growth-oriented, and some that use a combination of growth and value characteristics, generally identified as blend or core products. Value investing focuses on identifying companies that our research analysts and portfolio managers believe are undervalued based on a number of different factors, usually put in the context of historical ratios such as price-to-earnings or price-to-book value; however, we also consider the future earnings potential of each individual company on a multi-year basis. Growth investing focuses on identifying companies that our research analysts and portfolio managers believe have sustainable growth characteristics, meeting our criteria for sustainable growth potential, quality and valuation. In this effort, the key variables we examine include: market opportunity (overall size and growth); competitive positioning of the company; assessment of management (strength, breadth, depth, and integrity) and execution of plans; and the general financial strength and profitability of the enterprise, to determine whether the growth and quality aspects are properly reflected in the current share price. Paramount to all of our different equity products is the incorporation of independent, fundamental research through our own collaborative in-house group of investment professionals. Our approach across the variety of equity products we manage emphasizes bottom-up stock selection within a disciplined portfolio construction process, and is complemented by our ongoing assessment of risk at both the security and portfolio levels.
Portfolios seeking income generally focus on one or more of the following securities: taxable and tax-exempt money market instruments; tax-exempt municipal bonds; global fixed-income securities; and fixed-income debt securities of corporations, of the U.S. government and its sponsored agencies and instrumentalities, such as the Government National Mortgage Association, the Federal National Mortgage Association and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or of the various states in the U.S. Others focus on investments in particular countries and regions.
2. Types of SIPs
As of September 30, 2014, our total AUM was $898.0 billion and the types of SIPs we offered were as follows:
| |
• | U.S. Funds - Our U.S. Funds (including open-end and closed-end funds and our insurance products trust) accounted for $491.4 billion of AUM as of September 30, 2014. Our five largest U.S. Funds and their AUM were FCF - Franklin Income Fund ($94.3 billion), TIT - Templeton Global Bond Fund ($72.6 billion), FMSF - Franklin Mutual Global Discovery Fund ($25.5 billion), Templeton Growth Fund Inc. ($17.3 billion) and FMSF - Franklin Mutual Shares Fund ($16.4 billion). These five funds represented, in the aggregate, 25% of total AUM. |
| |
• | Cross-Border Funds - Our cross-border products, which are comprised of a variety of investment funds principally domiciled in Luxembourg and registered for sale to non-U.S. investors in 39 countries, accounted for $167.7 billion of AUM as of September 30, 2014. Our three largest cross-border funds and their AUM were FTIF - Templeton Global Bond Fund ($38.5 billion), FTIF - Templeton Global Total Return Fund ($34.7 billion) and FTIF - Templeton Asian Growth Fund ($13.2 billion). These three funds represented, in the aggregate, 10% of total AUM. |
| |
• | Local/Regional Funds - In addition to our cross-border products, in some countries we offer products for the particular local market. These local/regional funds accounted for $47.5 billion of AUM as of September 30, 2014. |
| |
• | Other Managed Accounts, Alternative Investment Products and Trusts - On a company-wide basis, our managed accounts, alternative investment products and trusts accounted for $191.4 billion of AUM as of September 30, 2014, of which $10.1 billion included K2 investment products and funds, and $7.4 billion included Darby products and real estate, emerging markets and certain global fixed-income investment funds. |
3. AUM by Investment Objective and Types of SIPs
The following table shows our AUM by investment objective and types of SIPs as of September 30, 2014:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in billions)
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE | | INVESTMENT DESCRIPTION | | U.S. Funds | | Cross-Border Funds | | Local/Regional Funds | | Other Managed Accounts, Alternative Investment Products and Trusts | | Total |
Equity | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Asia-Pacific | | Invests primarily in equity securities of companies located in the Asia-Pacific region | | $ | 1.1 |
| | $ | 18.3 |
| | $ | 4.0 |
| | $ | 24.0 |
| | $ | 47.4 |
|
Canada | | Invests primarily in equity securities of companies located in Canada | | — |
| | — |
| | 5.3 |
| | 8.9 |
| | 14.2 |
|
Europe, the Middle East and Africa | | Invests primarily in equity securities of companies located in Europe, the Middle East and Africa | | 2.9 |
| | 9.1 |
| | 6.7 |
| | 0.3 |
| | 19.0 |
|
U.S. | | Invests primarily in equity securities of companies located in the U.S. | | 89.8 |
| | 9.9 |
| | 2.0 |
| | 7.8 |
| | 109.5 |
|
Emerging Markets | | Invests primarily in equity securities of companies located in developing regions of the world | | 5.9 |
| | 6.2 |
| | 3.9 |
| | 7.3 |
| | 23.3 |
|
Global/International | | Invests primarily in equity securities of companies doing business either worldwide or only outside of the U.S. | | 76.1 |
| | 16.2 |
| | 5.8 |
| | 59.5 |
| | 157.6 |
|
Total Equity | | | | 175.8 |
| | 59.7 |
| | 27.7 |
| | 107.8 |
| | 371.0 |
|
Hybrid | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Asia-Pacific | | Invests primarily in equity and fixed-income securities of companies located in the Asia-Pacific region | | — |
| | — |
| | 0.5 |
| | 5.5 |
| | 6.0 |
|
Canada | | Invests primarily in equity and fixed-income securities of companies located in Canada | | — |
| | — |
| | 1.8 |
| | 1.3 |
| | 3.1 |
|
Europe, the Middle East and Africa | | Invests primarily in equity and fixed-income securities of companies located in Europe, the Middle East and Africa | | — |
| | 2.0 |
| | — |
| | 0.4 |
| | 2.4 |
|
U.S. | | Invests primarily in equity and fixed-income securities of companies located in the U.S. | | 109.5 |
| | 4.3 |
| | — |
| | 25.6 |
| | 139.4 |
|
Global/International | | Invests primarily in equity and fixed-income securities of companies doing business either worldwide or only outside of the U.S. | | 3.5 |
| | 3.5 |
| | 0.5 |
| | 0.6 |
| | 8.1 |
|
Total Hybrid | | | | 113.0 |
| | 9.8 |
| | 2.8 |
| | 33.4 |
| | 159.0 |
|
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in billions)
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE | | INVESTMENT DESCRIPTION | | U.S. Funds | | Cross-Border Funds | | Local/Regional Funds | | Other Managed Accounts, Alternative Investment Products and Trusts | | Total |
Fixed-Income | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Asia-Pacific | | Invests primarily in debt securities offered by companies and governments located in the Asia-Pacific region | | $ | — |
| | $ | 2.1 |
| | $ | 5.4 |
| | $ | 1.5 |
| | $ | 9.0 |
|
Canada | | Invests primarily in debt securities of companies and governments located in Canada | | — |
| | — |
| | 3.2 |
| | 0.5 |
| | 3.7 |
|
Europe, the Middle East and Africa | | Invests primarily in debt securities of companies and governments located in Europe, the Middle East and Africa | | — |
| | 2.2 |
| | — |
| | 4.3 |
| | 6.5 |
|
U.S. Tax-Free | | Invests primarily in municipal bond issuers located in the U.S. | | 68.0 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 4.1 |
| | 72.1 |
|
U.S. Taxable | | Invests primarily in taxable debt securities of companies and governments located in the U.S. | | 40.9 |
| | 10.7 |
| | 3.1 |
| | 9.1 |
| | 63.8 |
|
Emerging Markets | | Invests primarily in taxable debt securities of companies and governments located in developing countries worldwide | | 1.4 |
| | 8.2 |
| | — |
| | 9.1 |
| | 18.7 |
|
Global/International | | Invests primarily in debt securities of companies and governments doing business either worldwide or only outside of the U.S. | | 87.2 |
| | 74.4 |
| | 4.0 |
| | 21.6 |
| | 187.2 |
|
Total Fixed- Income | | | | 197.5 |
| | 97.6 |
| | 15.7 |
| | 50.2 |
| | 361.0 |
|
Cash Management | Invests primarily in money market instruments and short-term securities | | 5.1 |
| | 0.6 |
| | 1.3 |
| | — |
| | 7.0 |
|
Total | | | | $ | 491.4 |
| | $ | 167.7 |
| | $ | 47.5 |
| | $ | 191.4 |
| | $ | 898.0 |
|
Financial Information About Segment and Geographic Areas
Certain financial information about the Company’s business segment and geographic areas is contained in Note 17 – Segment and Geographic Information in the notes to consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Regulatory Considerations
Virtually all aspects of our business are subject to various federal, state, and international regulation and supervision that continue to change and evolve over time. Consequently, there is uncertainty associated with the regulatory environments in which we operate.
U.S. Regulation
We are subject to U.S. federal securities laws, state laws regarding securities fraud, other federal and state laws and rules and regulations of certain regulatory and self-regulatory organizations, including those rules and regulations promulgated by, among others, the SEC and the NYSE. Certain of our subsidiaries are also subject to the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, FINRA, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the National Futures Association. Because of our non-U.S. operations and/or trading in our SIPs that take place outside the U.S., we are also subject to regulation by non-U.S. regulators and U.S. regulators such as the Department of Justice and the SEC with respect to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. We are also subject to the laws and regulations of states and other jurisdictions regarding the reporting and escheatment of unclaimed or abandoned property.
We are subject to various securities, corporate governance and disclosure rules adopted by the SEC, and federal securities laws and state securities and corporate laws, including those affecting corporate governance and disclosure, such as the U.S Securities Act of 1933, the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), and the USA Patriot Act of 2001. As a NYSE-listed company, we are also subject to the rules of the NYSE, including its listing and corporate governance standards.
Certain of our subsidiaries are registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act and many of our funds are registered with the SEC under the Investment Company Act, both of which impose numerous obligations, as well as detailed operational requirements, on our subsidiaries that are investment advisers to registered investment companies. The Advisers Act imposes numerous obligations on our registered investment adviser subsidiaries, including record keeping, operating and marketing requirements, disclosure obligations and prohibitions on fraudulent activities. The Investment Company Act imposes similar obligations on the registered investment companies advised by our subsidiaries. The SEC is authorized to institute proceedings and impose sanctions for violations of the Advisers Act and the Investment Company Act, ranging from fines and censure to termination of an investment adviser’s registration.
Our subsidiaries must also comply with numerous complex and changing U.S. and/or non-U.S. rules and regulations, some of which may conflict, as well as complex tax regimes. Further, as we continue to expand our operations, sometimes rapidly, into additional non-U.S. jurisdictions, the rules and regulations of those non-U.S. jurisdictions become applicable, sometimes with short compliance deadlines, and add further regulatory complexity to our ongoing global compliance operations.
FINRA Conduct Rules limit the amount of aggregate sales charges that may be paid in connection with the purchase and holding of investment company shares sold through broker/dealers. The effect of the rule is to limit the amount of fees that could be paid pursuant to a fund’s Rule 12b-1 Plan to FTDI, our principal sales and distribution subsidiary in the U.S., which earns distribution fees on the distribution of fund shares in the U.S. In 2010, the SEC proposed changes to Rule 12b-1 which, if adopted, could limit our ability to recover expenses relating to the distribution of our funds.
The Dodd-Frank Act authorized the establishment of the Financial Stability Oversight Council (“FSOC”), the mandate of which is to identify and respond to threats to U.S. financial stability. The FSOC may designate non-bank financial companies as systemically important financial institutions (“SIFIs”), which are subject to supervision and regulation by the Federal Reserve. The FSOC, as well as other global regulators, are considering what threats to global financial stability, if any, arise from asset management companies and/or the funds that they manage, and whether such threats can be mitigated by treating such entities as SIFIs and subjecting them to additional regulation. To the extent that we or our funds are designated as a SIFI, such regulation, which could include requirements related to risk-based capital, leverage, liquidity, credit exposure, stress testing, resolution plans, early remediation, and certain risk management requirements, could impact our business.
The Dodd-Frank Act, as well as other legislative and regulatory changes, impose other restrictions and limitations on us, resulting in increased scrutiny and oversight of our financial services and products. We continue to analyze the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act as implementing rules are adopted and become effective. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, which imposes a number of new regulations governing derivative transactions, certain categories of swaps are currently required, and further categories of swaps are likely to be required, to be submitted for clearing by a regulated clearing organization and reported on a swap execution facility, and the posting of collateral will be required for uncleared swaps. These and other requirements are likely to impact how we manage our investment strategies because of, among other things, an increase in the costs and expenses of utilizing swaps and other derivatives. In addition to the rulemaking mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act, rules adopted by the CFTC in 2012 removed or limited previously available exemptions and exclusions from registration and regulation as a commodity pool operator and commodity trading advisor on which we had relied, resulting in the imposition of either additional registration, disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping requirements or more stringent requirements to comply with the remaining exemptions or exclusions for operators of certain of our registered mutual funds and other pooled vehicles that use or trade in futures, swaps and other derivatives considered commodity interests and subject to regulation by the CFTC. Also, the SEC has developed proposals for stricter regulation of money market funds that could significantly change the structure and operations of those funds. We expect that such regulatory requirements and developments will cause us to incur additional administrative and compliance costs.
Our subsidiaries Fiduciary Trust and FTB&T have limited their operations to trust and fiduciary activities permissible for trust companies that qualify for an exemption from the definition of “bank” under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, and Franklin has therefore deregistered as a bank holding company with the Federal Reserve. The operations and activities of Fiduciary Trust and its subsidiaries remain subject to extensive regulation, supervision and examination by the FDIC and the NYDFS. Fiduciary Trust’s trust company subsidiaries are also subject to oversight by the regulators of the states in which each is chartered. FTB&T is subject to regulation, supervision and examination by the FDIC and the OCC. The laws and regulations of those regulators generally impose restrictions and requirements with which we must comply concerning capital adequacy, anti-money laundering, management practices, liquidity, branching, earnings, dividends, investments and the provision of services. Franklin is subject to supervision by the OCC as to whether it serves as a source of strength to FTB&T.
In addition, certain federal and state anti-takeover laws generally provide that no person may acquire control of Franklin, and gain indirect control of either Fiduciary Trust or FTB&T, without prior regulatory approval. For example, beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the voting securities of Franklin would be presumed to constitute “control” under the federal Change in Bank Control Act of 1978. Such federal and state laws may discourage potential acquisition proposals and may delay, deter or prevent a change of control of Franklin, including through transactions that some shareholders might consider desirable.
The federal banking agencies (including the FDIC and the OCC) apply risk-based and leverage capital rules to evaluate the capital adequacy of insured depository institutions, which may include trust companies and savings associations. The FDIC’s capital adequacy rules applicable to Fiduciary Trust and the OCC’s capital adequacy rules applicable to FTB&T are substantially similar. Those agencies’ existing capital rules require Fiduciary Trust and FTB&T to meet specific capital adequacy requirements that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices.
In July 2013, the federal banking agencies adopted new capital rules to implement the Basel Committee’s capital framework, known as “Basel III”, in the U.S. When fully effective, Basel III will impose a number of other changes to existing capital rules, including replacing the risk-weightings under the existing general risk-based capital rules with new risk-weightings (referred to in the new capital rules as the “standardized approach”). The new capital rules will become effective on January 1, 2015 (subject to certain phase-in periods through January 1, 2019). We believe that Fiduciary Trust’s and FTB&T’s capital ratios calculated in accordance with the new capital rules on a fully phased-in basis will substantially exceed the minimum required ratios.
Fiduciary Trust and FTB&T are each subject to restrictions under federal law that limit transactions between these subsidiaries and Franklin and/or its other subsidiaries, including investments or asset purchases. These and various other transactions, including any payment of money to Franklin and its other subsidiaries, must be on terms and conditions that are, or in good faith would be, offered to companies that are not affiliated with these entities.
The federal banking agencies and the NYDFS have broad enforcement powers, including the power to terminate deposit insurance, impose substantial fines and other civil and criminal penalties and appoint a conservator or receiver. Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations and supervisory agreements could subject Franklin and our trust company subsidiaries, as well as officers, directors and other “institution-affiliated parties” of these organizations to administrative sanctions and potentially substantial civil money penalties. In addition, under Section 616 of the Dodd-Frank Act, the appropriate federal banking agency for either Fiduciary Trust or FTB&T can require Franklin to act as a “source of financial strength” for its insured depository institution subsidiaries, as applicable.
Non-U.S. Regulation
Our operations outside the U.S. are subject to the laws and regulations of various non-U.S. jurisdictions and non-U.S. regulatory agencies and bodies. As we continue to expand our international presence, a number of our subsidiaries and international operations have become subject to regulatory systems, in various jurisdictions, comparable to those covering our operations in the U.S. Regulators in these non-U.S. jurisdictions may have broad authority with respect to the regulation of financial services including, among other things, the authority to grant or cancel required licenses or registrations. In addition, these regulators may subject certain of our subsidiaries to net capital and other financial or operational requirements.
The Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”) and the Prudential Regulation Authorities (the “PRA”) currently regulate certain of our subsidiaries in the U.K. Authorization by the FCA and the PRA is required to conduct any financial services related business in the U.K. pursuant to the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. The FCA’s and PRA’s rules under that act govern a firm’s capital resources requirements, senior management arrangements, conduct of business, interaction with clients, and systems and controls. Breaches of these rules could result in a wide range of disciplinary actions against our U.K.-regulated subsidiaries.
In addition to the above, our U.K.-regulated subsidiaries and certain other European subsidiaries and branches, must comply with the pan-European regime established by the European Union’s (“EU”) Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (“MiFID”), which became effective in November 2007 and regulates the provision of investment services and conduct of investment activities throughout the European Economic Area. MiFID sets out detailed requirements governing the organization and conduct of business of investment firms and regulated markets. It also includes pre- and post-trade transparency requirements for equity markets and extensive transaction reporting requirements. The U.K. has adopted the MiFID rules into national legislation via the FCA rules, as have those other EU member states in which we have a presence.
A review of MiFID by the European Commission has led to the creation of a replacement directive and a new draft regulation (together “MiFID II”) which will become effective on January 3, 2017 and which extends the scope of the original MiFID in response to issues raised by the financial crisis. While the Level 1 text was published in the Official Journal on June 12, 2014, many of the provisions will be implemented by means of technical standards, to be drafted by the European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”) and approved by the European Commission. ESMA published their initial Consultation Paper and Discussion Paper on May 22, 2014. There will be several rounds of consultations and we expect ESMA to provide its final technical standards and Level 2 text to the European Commission by July 2015. Changes will be made to pre- and post-trade reporting obligations and there will be an expansion of the types of instruments subject to these requirements, such as bonds, structured products and derivatives. A new concept of trading venue has been created and algorithmic trading will be subject to specific regulations. There will also be changes to conduct of business requirements, including selling practices, intermediary inducements and client categorization, as well as the provision of investment advice and management within the EU by non-EU advisers, including ours. Powers will also be given to EU national regulators to ban certain products and services and to the European Securities and Markets Authority to temporarily restrict certain financial activities within the EU.
One of the most significant developments in MiFID II is the ban on commission payments to independent advisers and discretionary managers, which will result in a major change in the commercial relationships between fund providers and distributors. Similar changes were seen in the U.K. following the Retail Distribution Review (“RDR”), though how non-independent advisers might also be affected depends on the final Level 2 text, which is under consultation. The final interpretation of the inducements rules could also result in major changes to how fund managers pay for investment research, if ESMA draft guidance is followed. This could result in a reduction in the range and quality of available research, increased costs for fund managers, and a need for revised commercial terms with both brokers and clients to reflect these changes.
In addition, the FCA moved forward with the second phase of RDR by banning payments from product providers to platforms for new business from April 6, 2014. In response, we launched further new share classes for our funds offered in the U.K., and we amended affected platform agreements. The Netherlands implemented a similar regime to the RDR rules with effect from January 1, 2014.
During 2014, additional rules implementing obligations under the European Market Infrastructure Regulation were implemented, imposing requirements relating to transaction reporting in relation to exchange-traded and OTC derivatives transactions. Further provisions requiring central clearing of OTC derivatives, margin requirements for uncleared OTC derivatives and, importantly, rules on equivalence with other derivatives reporting and clearing regimes are expected at the end of 2014 or early 2015. Given the international scale of our trading activity, the various regulatory regimes to which we are subject could result in duplication of administration and increased transaction costs.
The EU’s Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) came into effect on July 22, 2014 and most EU member states have implemented its provisions on a national level. AIFMD regulates managers of, and service providers to, investment funds (“AIFs”) that are domiciled and offered in the EU and that are not authorized as retail
funds under the Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Directive (“UCITS”). The AIFMD also regulates the marketing within the EU of all AIFs, including those domiciled outside the EU. In general, AIFMD has a staged implementation up to 2018. Compliance with the AIFMD’s requirements may restrict AIF marketing and will impose additional compliance obligations in the form of remuneration policies, capital requirements, reporting requirements, leverage oversight, valuation, stakes in EU companies, the domicile, duties and liability of custodians and liquidity management.
The European Commission has also published proposals to update the Market Abuse Directive with a regulation on insider dealing and market manipulation and with an accompanying directive on criminal sanctions, all designed to further harmonize interpretations of the market abuse offenses and the resulting sanctions.
The most recent iteration of the Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities Directive (“UCITS V”) became effective on September 17, 2014, though Member States have until March 18, 2016 to introduce the necessary rules and regulations into their national laws. The main objectives of UCITS V are to expand the responsibilities and potential liabilities of depositaries, to regulate remuneration policies, and to harmonize the sanctions available to regulatory authorities.
Proposals on packaged retail investment and insurance products (“PRIIPs”) are to be implemented through the strengthening of MiFID standards for non-insurance PRIIPs, revisions to the Insurance Mediation Directive’s selling standard for all insurance-based PRIIPs and new investor disclosure requirements for all PRIIPs through the PRIIPs Key Information Document (“KID”) regulation, which was approved by the European Parliament in April 2014. It requires manufacturers of these products to draw up a KID which can be no longer than three pages in length and must be written in simple language. The regulation allows UCITS providers, who are already required to produce the UCITS Key Investor Information Document, a transitional period of five years from enactment during which they will be exempt from its terms.
In addition, the European Commission’s proposal for a financial transaction tax (“FTT”) in the EU, which would, if approved by all EU member states, apply to all financial transactions where at least one party is established in an EU member state and either that party or another party to the transaction is a financial institution was a controversial topic for all the EU member states to agree upon and after discussions failed to establish unanimous support. Subsequently the European commission has put forward a revised proposal to implement the tax in the 11 EU member states which wished to participate. While the specific terms of the revised FTT proposal remain subject to negotiation, any tax on securities transactions could likely have a negative impact on the liquidity of the derivatives and securities markets in Europe and could adversely impact our European clients’ assets and our non-European clients to the extent that they are or want to be invested in European assets.
In Canada, our subsidiaries are subject to provincial and territorial laws and are registered with and regulated by provincial and territorial securities regulatory authorities. The mandate of Canadian securities regulatory authorities is generally to protect investors and to foster fair and efficient capital markets. Securities regulatory authorities impose certain requirements on registrants, including a standard of conduct, capital and insurance, record keeping, regulatory financial reporting, conflict of interest management, compliance systems and security holder reporting. Failure to comply with applicable securities laws, regulations and rules could result in, among other things, reprimands, suspension of or restrictions on an individual’s or firm’s registration, prohibitions from becoming or acting as a registrant, administrative penalties or disgorgement. In addition, as a federally licensed trust company, FTCC is subject to regulation and supervision by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada and another subsidiary, FTC Investor Services Inc., is a member of and regulated by the Mutual Fund Dealers Association of Canada. These regulatory bodies have similar requirements to those of the securities regulatory authorities with a view to ensuring the capital adequacy and sound business practices of the subsidiaries and the appropriate treatment of their clients.
In March 2013, the Canadian Securities Administrators, the umbrella organization of provincial and territorial securities regulatory authorities, released final amendments to its rules regarding registrant obligations that require additional disclosure by registrants to their clients, including enhanced disclosure at account opening of all operating charges and fees a client may be required to pay, pre-trade disclosure of any charges a client may be required to pay, enhanced reporting on client statements that includes charges paid by the client and all compensation received by registrants in respect of a client’s account and new reporting regarding the performance of investments held in the
account. These new rules, which are being phased in over a three year period, require us to make changes to our systems to comply with these new disclosure and reporting standards.
In Singapore, our subsidiaries are subject to, among others, the Securities and Futures Act (“SFA”), the Financial Advisers Act (“FAA”) and the subsidiary legislation promulgated pursuant to these Acts, which are administered by the Monetary Authority of Singapore (“MAS”). Our asset management subsidiary and its employees conducting regulated activities specified in the SFA and/or the FAA are required to be licensed with the MAS. Failure to comply with applicable laws, regulations, codes, directives, notices and guidelines issued by the MAS may result in penalties including fines, censures and the suspension or revocation of licenses granted by the MAS.
In Australia, our subsidiaries are subject to various Australian federal and state laws and are regulated by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (“ASIC”). ASIC regulates companies, financial markets and financial services in Australia. ASIC imposes certain conditions on licensed financial services organizations that apply to our subsidiaries, including requirements relating to capital resources, operational capability and controls. Failure to comply with applicable law, regulations or conditions could result in various sanctions being imposed including cancellation, suspension or variation of the licenses held by our Australian subsidiaries.
In Hong Kong, our subsidiary is subject to the Securities and Futures Ordinance (the “SFO”) and its subsidiary legislation, which governs the securities and futures markets and regulates, among others, offers of investments to the public and provides for the licensing of dealing in securities and asset management activities and intermediaries. This legislation is administered by the Securities and Futures Commission (the “SFC”). The SFC is also empowered under the SFO to establish standards for compliance as well as codes and guidelines. Our subsidiary and its employees conducting any of the regulated activities specified in the SFO are required to be licensed with the SFC, and are subject to the rules, codes and guidelines issued by the SFC from time to time. Failure to comply with the applicable laws, regulations, codes and guidelines could result in various sanctions being imposed, including fines, reprimands and the suspension or revocation of the licenses granted by the SFC.
In India, our subsidiaries are primarily subject to relevant regulations promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (“SEBI”). The Reserve Bank of India (“RBI”), the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (“MCA”) and the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (“FIPB”) are the other major regulatory authorities that are capable of issuing directions of a binding nature to our subsidiaries. A failure to comply with the applicable laws, regulations, codes, notices, directives, guidelines, orders, circulars and schemes issued by SEBI, RBI, MCA or FIPB may result in penalties including fines, censures and/or suspension or revocation of licenses, approvals or registration status.
In Japan, our subsidiary is subject to the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act (the “FIEL”) and the Act on Investment Trusts and Investment Corporations. These laws are administered and enforced by the Japanese Financial Services Agency (the “JFSA”), which establishes standards for compliance, including capital adequacy and financial soundness requirements, customer protection requirements and conduct of business rules. The JFSA is empowered to conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censure, fine, the issuance of cease and desist orders or the suspension or revocation of registrations and licenses granted under the FIEL.
There are similar legal and regulatory arrangements in effect in many other non-U.S. jurisdictions where our subsidiaries, branches and representative offices, as well as certain joint ventures or companies in which we own minority stakes, are authorized to conduct business. We are also subject to regulation and supervision by, among others, the Securities Commission of The Bahamas; the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários in Brazil; the Cayman Islands Monetary Authority; the China Securities Regulatory Commission in the People’s Republic of China; the Autorité des Marchés Financiers in France; the Federal Financial Supervisory Authority in Germany; the Central Bank of Ireland; the Commissione Nazionale per le Società e la Borsa in Italy; the Financial Services Commission and the Financial Supervisory Service in Korea; the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier in Luxembourg; the Securities Commission in Malaysia; the Comision Nacional Bancaria y de Valores in Mexico; the Autoriteit Financiële Markten in the Netherlands; the Polish Securities and Exchange Commission; the Romanian Financial Services Authority; the Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores in Spain; the Finansinspektionen in Sweden; the Swiss Federal Banking Commission; the Financial Supervisory Commission in the Republic of China; the Dubai Financial Services Authority in the United Arab Emirates; and the State Securities Commission of Vietnam.
Competition
The financial services industry is a highly competitive global industry. According to data sourced from the Investment Company Institute as of June 30, 2014, there were approximately 7,800 registered open-end mutual funds whose shares were offered to the public in the U.S. and approximately 70,200 registered open-end mutual funds whose shares were offered to the public outside the U.S., in each case excluding exchange-traded funds.
We face strong competition from numerous investment management companies, securities brokerage and investment banking firms, insurance companies, banks and other financial institutions, which offer a wide range of financial and investment management services to the same institutional accounts, separate accounts, retail investors and high net-worth clients that we are seeking to attract. Competition is based on various factors, including, among others, business reputation, investment performance, product mix and offerings, service quality and innovation, distribution relationships, and fees charged.
Due to our international presence and varied product mix, it is difficult to assess our market position relative to other investment managers on a worldwide basis, but we believe that we are one of the more widely diversified asset managers based in the U.S. We believe that our equity and fixed-income asset mix coupled with our global presence will serve our competitive needs well over the long term. We continue to focus on the long-term performance of our investment products, service to clients and extensive marketing activities through our strong broker/dealer and other financial institution distribution network as well as with high net-worth and institutional clients. We believe that performance, diversity of products and customer service, along with fees and costs, are the primary drivers of competition in the financial services industry.
The periodic establishment of new investment management firms and investment products increases the competition that we face. Many of our competitors have long-standing and established relationships with broker/dealers, investment advisers and their clients. Others have focused on, offer and market specific product lines, which provide strong competition to certain of our asset classes. In addition, consolidation in the financial services industry has created stronger competitors, some with greater financial resources and broader distribution channels than our own.
We rely largely on third-party broker/dealers and other similar independent financial intermediaries to distribute and sell our fund shares. We have pursued and continue to pursue sales relationships with all types of financial intermediaries to broaden our distribution network. We have experienced increased costs related to maintaining our distribution channels and we anticipate that this trend will continue. A failure to maintain strong business relationships with the major intermediaries who currently distribute our products may also impair our distribution and sales operations. Additionally, competing broker/dealers whom we rely upon to distribute and sell our mutual funds may also sell their own proprietary funds and investment products, which could further limit the distribution of our investment products. Any inability to access and successfully sell our products to clients through third-party distribution channels could have a negative effect on our level of AUM, related revenues and overall business and financial condition.
We maintain a technology platform to compete with the rapidly developing and evolving marketplace. However, technology is subject to rapid change and we cannot guarantee that our competitors may not implement more advanced platforms for their products, which could affect our business.
We believe that we are well positioned to deal with changes in marketing trends as a result of our already extensive advertising activities and broad based marketplace recognition. In conjunction with our subsidiaries, we conduct advertising and promotional campaigns through various media sources to promote brand recognition, and advertise in major financial publications, as well as on television and the Internet, to promote brand name recognition and to assist our distribution network. Such activities include purchasing network and cable programming, sponsorship of sporting events, newspaper and magazine advertising, online and paid search advertising and social media marketing.
Intellectual Property
We have used, registered, and/or applied to register certain trademarks, service marks and trade names to distinguish our sponsored investment products and services from those of our competitors in the U.S. and in other countries and jurisdictions, including, but not limited to, Franklin®, Templeton®, Mutual Series®, Bissett®, Fiduciary Trust™, Darby®, Balanced Equity Management® and K2®. Our trademarks, service marks and trade names are important to us and, accordingly, we enforce our trademark, service mark and trade name rights. The Franklin Templeton
Investments® brand has been, and continues to be, extremely well received both in our industry and with our clients, reflecting the fact that our brand, like our business, is based in part on trust and confidence. If our brand is harmed, our future business prospects may be adversely affected.
Employees
As of September 30, 2014, we employed approximately 9,300 employees and operated offices in 35 countries. We consider our relations with our employees to be satisfactory.
Available Information
Franklin files reports with the SEC, including current and periodic reports, proxy statements and other information filed with or furnished to the SEC from time to time. The public may read and copy any of these filings at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers, including Franklin, that file electronically with the SEC, at www.sec.gov. Additional information about the Company’s filings can also be obtained at our website at www.franklinresources.com under “Investor Relations.” We make available free of charge on our website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.
Corporate Governance Guidelines. The Company has adopted Corporate Governance Guidelines. The Corporate Governance Guidelines are posted on the Company’s website under “Corporate Governance” and are available in print to any stockholder who requests a copy.
Committee Charters. The Company’s Board of Directors has an Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Corporate Governance Committee. The Board of Directors has adopted written charters for each such committee, which are posted on the Company’s website under “Corporate Governance” and are available in print to any stockholder who requests a copy.
Volatility and disruption of the capital and credit markets, and adverse changes in the global economy, may significantly affect our results of operations and may put pressure on our financial results. The capital and credit markets continue to experience volatility and disruption worldwide. Declines in global financial market conditions have in the past resulted in significant decreases in our assets under management (“AUM”), revenues and income, and future declines may negatively impact our financial results. Such declines have had and may in the future have an adverse impact on our results of operations. We may need to modify our business, strategies or operations and we may be subject to additional constraints or costs in order to compete in a changing global economy and business environment.
The amount and mix of our AUM are subject to significant fluctuations. Fluctuations in the amount and mix of our AUM may be attributable in part to market conditions outside of our control that have had, and in the future could have, a negative impact on our revenues and income. We derive our operating revenues and net income from providing investment management and related services. The level of our revenues depends largely on the level and mix of AUM. Our investment management fee revenues are primarily based on a percentage of the value of AUM and vary with the nature of the account or product managed. Any decrease in the value or amount of our AUM because of market volatility or other factors, such as a decline in the price of stocks, in particular market segments or in the securities market generally, negatively impacts our revenues and income. We are subject to significant risk of asset volatility from changes in the global financial, equity and debt markets. Individual financial, equity and debt markets may be adversely affected by economic, political, financial or other instabilities that are particular to the country or region in which a market is located, including without limitation local acts of terrorism, economic crises, political protests, insurrection or other business, social or political crises. Global economic conditions, exacerbated by war, terrorism, natural disasters or financial crises, changes in the equity or debt marketplaces, unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates, interest rates, inflation rates, the yield curve, defaults by derivative counterparties, bond default risks, the sovereign debt crisis
in Europe, the crisis in Ukraine and any related sanctions, and other factors that are difficult to predict affect the mix, market values and levels of our AUM. The funds we manage may be subject to an unanticipated large number of redemptions as a result of such events, causing the funds to sell securities they hold, possibly at a loss, or draw on any available lines of credit to obtain cash to settle these redemptions, or settle in-kind with securities held in the applicable fund. We may, at our discretion, provide financial support to a fund to enable it to maintain sufficient liquidity in such event. Changes in investor preferences regarding our more popular investment products also could cause sizable redemptions and lower the value of our AUM, which would result in lower revenue and operating results. Moreover, changing market conditions may cause a shift in our asset mix between international and U.S. assets, potentially resulting in a decline in our revenues and income depending upon the nature of our AUM and the level of management fees we earn based on our AUM. We generally derive higher investment management and distribution fees from our international products than from our U.S. products, and higher sales fees from our U.S. products than from our international products. Additionally, changing market conditions may cause a shift in our asset mix towards fixed-income products and a related decline in our revenues and income, as we generally derive higher fee revenues and income from equity products than from fixed-income products we manage. Further, increases in interest rates, in particular if rapid, as well as any uncertainty in the future direction of interest rates, may have a negative impact on our fixed-income products. Although the shorter duration of the bond investments in many of these products may help mitigate the interest rate risk, rising interest rates or interest rate uncertainty typically decrease the total return on many bond investments due to lower market valuations of existing bonds. Any decrease in the level of our AUM resulting from market declines, interest rate volatility or uncertainty, increased redemptions or other factors could negatively impact our revenues and income.
We are subject to extensive, complex, overlapping and frequently changing rules, regulations and legal interpretations. There is uncertainty associated with the regulatory environment in which we operate. Our business is subject to extensive and complex, overlapping and/or conflicting, and frequently changing rules, regulations, policies and legal interpretations in the countries in which we operate, including those with respect to securities and other financial instruments, advisory, accounting, tax, compensation, ethics, data protection, privacy and escheatment laws and regulations.
We are subject to U.S. federal securities laws, state laws regarding securities fraud, other federal and state laws and rules and regulations of certain regulatory and self-regulatory organizations, including those rules and regulations promulgated by, among others, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and the New York Stock Exchange. Certain of our subsidiaries are also subject to the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and the National Futures Association. Because of our non-U.S. operations and/or trading in our sponsored investment products (“SIPs”) that take place outside the U.S., we are also subject to regulation by non-U.S. regulators and U.S. regulators such as the Department of Justice and the SEC with respect to the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. We are also subject to the laws and regulations of states and other jurisdictions regarding the reporting and escheatment of unclaimed or abandoned property. Certain of our subsidiaries are registered with the SEC under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and many of our funds are registered with the SEC under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Investment Company Act”), both of which impose numerous obligations, as well as detailed operational requirements, on our subsidiaries that are investment advisers to registered investment companies. Our subsidiaries must also comply with numerous complex and changing U.S. and/or non-U.S. rules and regulations, some of which may conflict, as well as complex tax regimes. Further, as we continue to expand our operations, sometimes rapidly, into additional non-U.S. jurisdictions, the rules and regulations of those non-U.S. jurisdictions become applicable, sometimes with short compliance deadlines, and add further regulatory complexity to our ongoing global compliance operations.
Financial reporting requirements, and the processes, controls and procedures that have been put in place to address them, are often comprehensive and complex. We may be adversely affected as a result of new or revised legislation or regulations or by changes in the interpretation of existing laws and regulations. While management has focused attention and resources on our compliance policies, procedures and practices, non-compliance with applicable laws, rules, regulations, conflicts of interest requirements or fiduciary principles, or our inability to keep up with, or adapt to, an ever changing, complex regulatory environment, could result in civil liability, criminal liability and/or sanctions against us, including fines and censures, injunctive relief, suspension or expulsion from a particular jurisdiction or market or the revocation of licenses or charters, any of which could adversely affect our reputation, prospects, revenues and income.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) authorized the establishment of the Financial Stability Oversight Council (“FSOC”), the mandate of which is to identify and respond to threats to U.S. financial stability. The FSOC may designate non-bank financial companies as systemically important financial institutions (“SIFIs”), which are subject to supervision and regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. The FSOC, as well as other global regulators, are considering what threats to global financial stability, if any, arise from asset management companies and/or the funds that they manage, and whether such threats can be mitigated by treating such entities as SIFIs and subjecting them to additional regulation. To the extent that we or our funds are designated as a SIFI, such regulation, which could include requirements related to risk-based capital, leverage, liquidity, credit exposure, stress testing, resolution plans, early remediation, and certain risk management requirements, could impact our business. The Dodd-Frank Act, as well as other legislative and regulatory changes, impose other restrictions and limitations on us, resulting in increased scrutiny and oversight of our financial services and products. We continue to analyze the impact of the Dodd-Frank Act as implementing rules are adopted and become effective. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, which imposes a number of new regulations governing derivative transactions, certain categories of swaps are currently required, and further categories of swaps are likely to be required, to be submitted for clearing by a regulated clearing organization and reported on a swap execution facility, and the posting of collateral will be required for uncleared swaps. These and other requirements are likely to impact how we manage our investment strategies because of, among other things, an increase in the costs and expenses of utilizing swaps and other derivatives. In addition to the rulemaking mandated by the Dodd-Frank Act, rules adopted by the CFTC in 2012 removed or limited previously available exemptions and exclusions from registration and regulation as a commodity pool operator and commodity trading advisor on which we had relied, resulting in the imposition of either additional registration, disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping requirements or more stringent requirements to comply with the remaining exemptions or exclusions for operators of certain of our registered mutual funds and other pooled vehicles that use or trade in futures, swaps and other derivatives considered commodity interests and subject to regulation by the CFTC. Also, the SEC has developed proposals for stricter regulation of money market funds that could significantly change the structure and operations of those funds. We expect that such regulatory requirements and developments will cause us to incur additional administrative and compliance costs.
Our subsidiaries Fiduciary Trust Company International (“Fiduciary Trust”) and Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust, F.S.B. (“FTB&T”) have limited their operations to trust and fiduciary activities permissible for trust companies that qualify for an exemption from the definition of “bank” under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. Fiduciary Trust and FTB&T are subject to regulation, supervision and examination by their respective regulators, which include the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) and the New York State Department of Financial Services for Fiduciary Trust, and the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency for FTB&T.
In addition, certain federal and state anti-takeover laws generally provide that no person may acquire control of Franklin, and gain indirect control of either Fiduciary Trust or FTB&T, without prior regulatory approval. For example, beneficial ownership of 10% or more of the voting securities of Franklin would be presumed to constitute “control” under the federal Change in Bank Control Act of 1978. Such federal and state laws may discourage potential acquisition proposals and may delay, deter or prevent a change of control of Franklin, including through transactions that some shareholders might consider desirable.
The laws and regulations applicable to our business generally involve restrictions and requirements in connection with a variety of technical, specialized, and expanding matters and concerns. For example, compliance with the Bank Secrecy Act, anti-money laundering and Know-Your-Customer requirements, and economic and trade sanctions, both domestically and internationally, has taken on heightened importance as a result of efforts to, among other things, limit terrorism and actions that undermine the stability, sovereignty and territorial integrity of countries. At the same time, there has been increased regulation with respect to the protection of customer privacy and the need to secure sensitive customer information. As we continue to address these requirements or focus on meeting new or expanded ones, we may expend a substantial amount of time and resources. Any inability to meet these requirements, within the required timeframes, may subject us to sanctions or other restrictions by governments and/or regulators that could adversely impact our broader business objectives.
U.S. regulatory and legislative actions and reforms have made the regulatory environment in which we operate more costly and future actions and reforms could adversely impact our financial condition and results of operations. The federal securities laws have been augmented substantially and made significantly more complex by, among other
measures, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Dodd-Frank Act and the USA Patriot Act of 2001. Moreover, the adoption of new laws or regulations and changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws or regulations have directly affected, and may continue to affect, our business. With new laws and changes in interpretation of existing requirements, the associated time we must dedicate to, and related costs we must incur in, meeting the regulatory complexities of our business have increased. In particular, certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act still require the adoption of implementing rules. We may be required to invest significant additional management time and resources to address the new regulations being adopted pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act. In addition, the SEC has proposed changes to Rule 12b-1 promulgated under the Investment Company Act which, if adopted, could limit our ability to recover expenses relating to the distribution of our funds. Outlays associated with meeting regulatory complexities have also increased as we expand our business into new jurisdictions. Compliance activities to meet these and other new legal requirements have required us to expend additional time and resources, and, consequently, we are incurring increased costs of doing business, which potentially negatively impacts our profitability and future financial results. Moreover, any potential accounting or reporting error, whether financial or otherwise, if material, could damage our reputation, adversely affect our ability to conduct business, and decrease revenues and income. Finally, any regulatory and legislative actions and reforms affecting the mutual fund industry, including compliance initiatives, may negatively impact revenues by increasing our costs of accessing or operating in the financial markets or by making certain investment offerings less favorable to our clients.
Failure to comply with the laws, rules or regulations in any of the non-U.S. jurisdictions in which we operate could result in substantial harm to our reputation and results of operations. As with all investment management companies, our activities are highly regulated in almost all countries in which we conduct business. The regulatory environments of the non-U.S. jurisdictions where we conduct our business or where the funds and products we manage are organized or sold are complex, uncertain and subject to change. Local regulatory environments may vary widely and place additional demands on our sales, investment, legal and compliance personnel. Failure to comply with the applicable laws, rules, regulations, codes, directives, notices or guidelines in any of our non-U.S. jurisdictions could result in a wide range of penalties and disciplinary actions, including fines, censures and the suspension or expulsion from a particular jurisdiction or market or the revocation of licenses, any of which could adversely affect our reputation and operations. In recent years, the non-U.S. regulatory environments in which we operate have seen significant increased and evolving regulation, which has imposed and may continue to impose additional compliance and operational costs on us in the applicable jurisdictions. Regulators in non-U.S. jurisdictions could also change their policies or laws in a manner that might restrict or otherwise impede our ability to offer our investment products and services in their respective markets, or we may be unable to keep up with, or adapt to, the ever changing, complex regulatory requirements in such jurisdictions or markets, which could further negatively impact our business.
Changes in tax laws or exposure to additional income tax liabilities could have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. We are subject to income taxes as well as non-income based taxes, in both the U.S. and various non-U.S. jurisdictions and are subject to ongoing tax audits in the U.S. and various non-U.S. jurisdictions. Tax authorities may disagree with certain positions we have taken and assess additional taxes. We regularly assess the likely outcomes of these audits in order to determine the appropriateness of our tax provision. However, there can be no assurance that we will accurately predict the outcomes of these audits, and the actual outcomes of these audits could have a material impact on our net income or financial condition. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings could materially impact our effective tax rate. For example, proposals for fundamental U.S. corporate tax reform, if enacted, could change the amount of taxes we are required to pay and have a significant impact on our future results of operations, profitability and financial condition.
Any significant limitation, failure or security breach of our information and cyber security infrastructure, software applications, technology or other systems that are critical to our operations could harm our operations and reputation. We are highly dependent upon the use of various proprietary and third-party information and security technology, software applications and other technology systems to operate our business. We are also dependent on the effectiveness of our information and cyber security infrastructure, policies, procedures and capabilities to protect our computer and telecommunications systems and the data that reside on or are transmitted through them. We use our technology to, among other things, support our operations, obtain securities pricing information, process client transactions, and provide reports and other customer services to the clients of the funds we manage. Any inaccuracies, delays, systems failures or security breaches in these and other processes could subject us to client dissatisfaction and losses. Although
we take protective measures, including measures to effectively secure information through system security technology, our technology systems may still be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other events that have a security impact, such as an external hacker attack by one or more cyber criminals (including phishing attacks attempting to get clients to provide confidential information) or an authorized employee or vendor inadvertently causing us to release confidential information, which could materially harm our operations and reputation. Breach of our technology systems could result in the unauthorized disclosure or modification of sensitive or confidential information; loss of valuable information; breach of client contracts; liability for stolen assets, information or identity; remediation costs to repair damage caused by the breach; additional security costs to mitigate against future incidents; regulatory actions, and litigation costs resulting from the incident. Moreover, loss or unauthorized disclosure of confidential customer identification information could harm our reputation and subject us to liability under laws that protect confidential personal data, resulting in increased costs or a decline in our revenues or common stock price.
Further, although we take precautions to password protect and encrypt our laptops and sensitive information on our other mobile electronic devices, if such devices are stolen, misplaced or left unattended, they may become vulnerable to hacking or other unauthorized use, creating a possible security risk and resulting in potentially costly actions by us. Most of the software applications that we use in our business are licensed from, and supported, upgraded and maintained by, third-party vendors. A suspension or termination of certain of these licenses or the related support, upgrades and maintenance could cause temporary system delays or interruption. In addition, our failure to properly manage and operate our data centers could have an adverse impact on our business. Although we have in place certain disaster recovery plans, we may experience system delays and interruptions as a result of natural disasters, power failures, acts of war, and third-party failures. Technology is subject to rapid change and we cannot guarantee that our competitors may not implement more advanced technology platforms for their products, which could affect our business. Potential system failures or breaches, or advancements in technology, and the cost necessary to address them, could result in material financial loss or costs, regulatory actions, breach of client contracts, reputational harm or legal claims and liability, which in turn could negatively impact our revenues and income.
Our business operations are complex and a failure to properly perform operational tasks or the misrepresentation of our products and services, or the termination of investment management agreements representing a significant portion of our AUM, could have an adverse effect on our revenues and income. Through our subsidiaries, we provide investment management and related services to our SIPs. In addition to investment management, our services include fund administration, sales, distribution, marketing, shareholder servicing, trustee, custody and other fiduciary services. In order to be competitive and comply with our agreements, we must properly perform our fund and portfolio administration and related responsibilities, including portfolio recordkeeping and accounting, security pricing, corporate actions, investment restrictions compliance, daily net asset value computations, account reconciliations, and required distributions to fund shareholders. In addition, the intentional or unintentional misrepresentation of our products and services in advertising materials, public relations information, social media or other external communications could adversely affect our reputation and business prospects. Our investment management fees, which represent the majority of our revenues, are dependent on fees earned under investment management agreements that we have with the SIPs we advise. Our revenues could be adversely affected if such agreements representing a significant portion of our AUM are terminated or significantly altered. Further, certain of our subsidiaries may act as general partner for various investment partnerships, which may subject them to liability for the partnerships’ liabilities. If we fail to properly perform and monitor our operations, our business could suffer and our revenues and income could be adversely affected.
We face risks, and corresponding potential costs and expenses, associated with conducting operations and growing our business in numerous countries. We sell investment funds and offer investment management and related services in many different regulatory jurisdictions around the world, and intend to continue to expand our operations internationally. As we do so, we will continue to face challenges to the adequacy of our resources, procedures and controls to consistently and effectively operate our business. In order to remain competitive, we must be proactive and prepared to implement necessary resources when growth opportunities present themselves, whether as a result of a business acquisition or rapidly increasing business activities in particular markets or regions. Local regulatory environments may vary widely, as may the adequacy and sophistication of each. Similarly, local distributors, and their policies and practices as well as financial viability, may also vary widely, or be inconsistent or less developed or mature than other distributors. Notwithstanding potential long-term cost savings by increasing certain operations, such as transfer agent and other back-office operations, in countries or regions of the world with lower operating costs, growth of our international operations may involve near-term increases in expenses as well as additional capital costs, such as
information systems and technology costs and costs related to compliance with particular regulatory or other local requirements or needs. Local requirements or needs may also place additional demands on sales and compliance personnel and resources, such as meeting local language requirements, while also integrating personnel into an organization with a single operating language. Finding, hiring and retaining additional, well-qualified personnel and crafting and adopting policies, procedures and controls to address local or regional requirements remain a challenge as we expand our operations internationally. Moreover, regulators in non-U.S. jurisdictions could also change their policies or laws in a manner that might restrict or otherwise impede our ability to distribute or register investment products in their respective markets. Any of these local requirements, activities, or needs could increase the costs and expenses we incur in a specific jurisdiction without any corresponding increase in revenues and income from operating in the jurisdiction. Recently, certain laws and regulations outside the U.S. have included extraterritorial application. This may lead to duplicative or conflicting legal or regulatory burdens and additional costs and risks. In addition, from time to time we enter into international joint ventures or take minority stakes in companies in which we may not have control. These investments may involve risks, including the risk that the controlling stakeholder or joint venture partner may have business interests, strategies or goals that are inconsistent with ours, and the risk that business decisions or other actions or omissions of the controlling stakeholder, joint venture partner or the entity itself may result in liability for us or harm to our reputation or adversely affect the value of our investment in the entity.
We depend on key personnel and our financial performance could be negatively affected by the loss of their services. The success of our business will continue to depend upon our key personnel, including our portfolio and fund managers, investment analysts, investment advisers, sales and management personnel and other professionals as well as our executive officers and business unit heads. Competition for qualified, motivated, and highly skilled executives, professionals and other key personnel in the investment management industry remains significant. Our success depends to a substantial degree upon our ability to find, attract, retain, and motivate qualified individuals, including through competitive compensation packages, and upon the continued contributions of these people. Laws and regulations, including those contained in or relating to the Capital Requirements Directive of the European Union (“EU”), those recently adopted under the EU’s Alternative Investment Fund Manager Directive, those required to be adopted under the Dodd-Frank Act and certain provisions of the EU’s new Undertakings for Collective Investment in Transferable Securities V Directive and Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II, could impose restrictions on compensation paid by financial institutions, which could restrict our ability to compete effectively for qualified professionals. As our business grows, we are likely to need to increase correspondingly the overall number of individuals that we employ. Moreover, in order to retain certain key personnel, we may be required to increase compensation to such individuals, resulting in additional expense without a corresponding increase in potential revenues. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in finding, attracting and retaining qualified individuals, and the departure of key investment personnel, in particular, if not replaced, could cause us to lose clients, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and business prospects.
Strong competition from numerous and sometimes larger companies with competing offerings and products could limit or reduce sales of our products, potentially resulting in a decline in our market share, revenues and income. We compete with numerous investment management companies, securities brokerage and investment banking firms, insurance companies, banks and other financial institutions. Our investment products also compete with products offered by these competitors as well as real estate investment trusts, hedge funds and others. The periodic establishment of new investment management companies and other competitors increases the competition that we face. At the same time, consolidation in the financial services industry has created stronger competitors with greater financial resources and broader distribution channels than our own. Competition is based on various factors, including, among others, business reputation, investment performance, product mix and offerings, service quality and innovation, distribution relationships, and fees charged. For example, to the extent that there is a trend among existing or potential clients in favor of low-fee passive products such as index and certain exchange-traded funds, it may favor our competitors who provide those products over active managers like us. Additionally, competing securities broker/dealers whom we rely upon to distribute and sell our mutual funds may also sell their own proprietary funds and investment products, which could limit the distribution of our investment products. To the extent that existing or potential clients, including securities broker/dealers, decide to invest in or distribute the products of our competitors, the sales of our products as well as our market share, revenues and income could decline. Our ability to attract and retain AUM is also dependent on the relative investment performance of our funds and other managed investment portfolios, offering a mix of SIPs that meets investor demand and our ability to maintain our investment management fees and pricing structure at competitive levels.
Changes in the third-party distribution and sales channels on which we depend could reduce our income and hinder our growth. We derive nearly all of our fund sales through third-party broker/dealers, banks, investment advisers and other financial intermediaries. Increasing competition for these distribution channels and regulatory initiatives have caused our distribution costs to rise and could cause further increases in the future or could otherwise negatively impact the distribution of our products. Pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act, the SEC may establish different standards for broker/dealers in their interaction with retail customers, which could have an impact on sales and/or distribution costs. Higher distribution costs lower our income; consolidations in the broker/dealer industry could also adversely impact our income. Moreover, if several of the major financial advisers who distribute our products were to cease operations or limit or otherwise end the distribution of our products, it could have a significant adverse impact on our income. In addition, the U.K., the Netherlands and recently the EU in its Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II have adopted regimes which ban, or may limit, the payment of commissions to intermediaries in relation to certain sales to retail customers and similar regimes are under consideration in several other markets. Depending on their exact terms, such regimes may result in existing flows of business moving to less profitable channels or even to competitors providing substitutable products outside the regime. There is no assurance we will continue to have access to the third-party broker/dealers, banks, investment advisers and other financial intermediaries that currently distribute our products, or continue to have the opportunity to offer all or some of our existing products through them. A failure to maintain strong business relationships with such distributors may also impair our distribution and sales operations. Because we use broker/dealers, banks, investment advisers and other financial intermediaries to sell our products, we do not control the ultimate investment recommendations given to clients. Any inability to access and successfully sell our products to clients through third-party distribution channels could have a negative effect on our level of AUM, income and overall business and financial condition.
Our increasing focus on international markets as a source of investments and sales of investment products subjects us to increased exchange rate and other risks in connection with our revenues and income generated overseas. While we maintain a significant portion of our operations in the U.S., we also provide services and earn revenues in The Bahamas, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Canada, Latin America, the Middle East and Africa. As a result, we are subject to foreign exchange risk through our non-U.S. operations. Fluctuations in the exchange rates to the U.S. dollar may affect our financial results from one period to the next. While we have taken steps to reduce our exposure to foreign exchange risk, for example, by denominating a significant amount of our transactions in U.S. dollars, the situation may change in the future as our business continues to grow outside the U.S. Appreciation of the U.S. dollar could moderate revenues from managing investment products internationally or could affect relative investment performance of certain funds invested in non-U.S. securities. In addition, we have risk associated with the foreign exchange revaluation of U.S. dollar balances held by certain non-U.S. subsidiaries for which the local currency is the functional currency. Separately, management fees that we earn tend to be higher in connection with international AUM than with U.S. AUM. Consequently, a downturn in international markets could have a significant effect on our revenues and income. Moreover, as our business continues to grow in non-U.S. markets, any ongoing and future business, economic, social or political unrest affecting these markets, in addition to any direct consequences such unrest may have on our personnel and facilities located in the affected area, may also have a more lasting impact on the long-term investment climate in these and other areas and, as a result, our AUM and the corresponding revenues and income that we generate from them may be negatively affected.
Harm to our reputation or poor investment performance of our products could reduce the level of our AUM or affect our sales, potentially negatively impacting our revenues and income. Our reputation is critical to the success of our business. We believe that our brand names have been, and continue to be, well received both in our industry and with our clients, reflecting the fact that our brands, like our business, are based in part on trust and confidence. If our reputation is harmed, existing clients may reduce amounts held in, or withdraw entirely from, funds that we advise or funds may terminate their management agreements with us, which could reduce the amount of AUM and cause us to suffer a corresponding loss in our revenues and income. Our investment performance, along with achieving and maintaining superior distribution and client services, is also critical to the success of our business. Strong investment performance often stimulates sales of our investment products. Poor investment performance as compared to third-party benchmarks or competitive products could lead to a decrease in sales of investment products we manage and stimulate redemptions from existing products, generally lowering the overall level of AUM and reducing the management fees we earn. We cannot assure you that past or present investment performance in the investment products we manage will be indicative of future performance. Any poor investment performance may negatively impact our
revenues and income. Reputational harm or poor investment performance may cause us to lose current clients and we may be unable to continue to attract new clients or develop new business. If we fail to address, or appear to fail to address, successfully and promptly the underlying causes of any reputational harm or poor investment performance, we may be unsuccessful in repairing any existing harm to our reputation or performance and our future business prospects would likely be affected.
Our future results are dependent upon maintaining an appropriate level of expenses, which is subject to fluctuation. The level of our expenses is subject to fluctuation and may increase for the following or other reasons: changes in the level and scope of our operating expenses in response to market conditions; variations in the level of total compensation expense due to, among other things, bonuses, changes in our employee count and mix, and competitive factors; changes in expenses and capital costs, including costs incurred to maintain and enhance our administrative and operating services infrastructure or to cover uninsured losses, and an increase in insurance expenses including through the assumption of higher deductibles and/or co-insurance liability.
Our ability to successfully manage and grow our business can be impeded by systems and other technological limitations. Our continued success in effectively managing and growing our business depends on our ability to integrate the varied accounting, financial, information, and operational systems on a global basis. Moreover, adapting or developing our existing technology systems to meet our internal needs, as well as client needs, industry demands and new regulatory requirements, is also critical for our business. The constant introduction of new technologies presents new challenges to us. We have an ongoing need to continually upgrade and improve our various technology systems, including our data processing, financial, accounting, shareholder servicing and trading systems. Further, we also must be proactive and prepared to implement technology systems when growth opportunities present themselves, whether as a result of a business acquisition or rapidly increasing business activities in particular markets or regions. These needs could present operational issues or require, from time to time, significant capital spending. It also may require us to reevaluate the current value and/or expected useful lives of our technology systems, which could negatively impact our results of operations.
Our inability to successfully recover should we experience a disaster or other business continuity problem could cause material financial loss, loss of human capital, regulatory actions, reputational harm, or legal liability. Should we experience a local or regional disaster or other business continuity problem, such as an earthquake, tsunami, terrorist attack, pandemic or other natural or man-made disaster, our continued success will depend, in part, on the safety and availability of our personnel, our office facilities, and the proper functioning of our computer, telecommunication and other systems and operations. While our operational size, the diversity of locations from which we operate, and our redundant back-up systems provide us with a strong advantage should we experience a local or regional disaster or other business continuity event, we could still experience near-term operational challenges, in particular depending upon how a local or regional event may affect our human capital across our operations or with regard to particular aspects of our operations, such as key executive officers or personnel in our technology group. Moreover, as we grow our operations in new geographic regions, the potential for particular types of natural or man-made disasters, political, economic or infrastructure instabilities, or other country- or region-specific business continuity risks increases. Past disaster recovery efforts have demonstrated that even seemingly localized events may require broader disaster recovery efforts throughout our operations and, consequently, we regularly assess and take steps to improve upon our existing business continuity plans and key management succession. However, a disaster on a significant scale or affecting certain of our key operating areas within or across regions, or our inability to successfully recover should we experience a disaster or other business continuity problem, could materially interrupt our business operations and cause material financial loss, loss of human capital, regulatory actions, reputational harm, or legal liability.
Certain of the portfolios we manage, including our emerging market portfolios, are vulnerable to significant market-specific political, economic or other risks, any of which may negatively impact our revenues and income. Our emerging market portfolios and revenues derived from managing these portfolios are subject to significant risks of loss from political, economic, and diplomatic developments, currency fluctuations, social instability, changes in governmental policies, expropriation, nationalization, asset confiscation and changes in legislation related to non-U.S. ownership. International trading markets, particularly in some emerging market countries, are often smaller, less liquid, less regulated and significantly more volatile than those in the U.S.
Regulatory and governmental examinations and/or investigations, litigation and the legal risks associated with our business, could adversely impact our AUM, increase costs and negatively impact our profitability and/or our future financial results. From time to time we may receive requests for documents or other information from governmental authorities or regulatory bodies or we may become the subject of governmental or regulatory investigations and/or examinations, or governmental or regulatory investigations and/or examinations that have been inactive could become active. In addition, we may be named in litigation. We may be obligated, and under our certificate of incorporation, by-laws and standard form of director indemnification agreement we are obligated under certain conditions, or we may choose, to indemnify directors, officers or employees against liabilities and expenses they may incur in connection with such matters to the extent permitted under applicable law. Even if claims made against us are without merit, litigation typically is an expensive process. Risks associated with legal liability often are difficult to assess or quantify and their existence and magnitude can remain unknown for significant periods of time. Eventual exposures from and expenses incurred relating to any litigation, investigations, examinations and settlements could adversely impact our AUM, increase costs and negatively impact our profitability and/or our financial results. Judgments, findings or allegations of wrongdoing by regulatory or governmental authorities or in litigation against us or settlements with respect thereto could affect our reputation, increase our costs of doing business and/or negatively impact our revenues, any of which could have a material negative impact on our financial results.
Our ability to meet cash needs depends upon certain factors, including the market value of our assets, operating cash flows and our perceived creditworthiness. Our ability to meet anticipated cash needs depends upon factors such as the market value of our assets, our operating cash flows and our creditworthiness as perceived by lenders. If we are unable to obtain funds and financing, we may be forced to incur unanticipated costs or revise our business plans. Further, our access to the capital markets depends significantly on our credit ratings. A reduction in our long- or short-term credit ratings could increase our borrowing costs and limit our access to the capital markets. Volatility in the global financing markets may also impact our ability to access the capital markets should we seek to do so, and have an adverse effect on investors’ willingness to purchase our securities, interest rates, credit spreads and the valuation levels of equity markets. If we are unable to obtain funds and financing, or access the capital markets in a timely manner, we may be forced to incur unanticipated costs or revise our business plans, and our business could be adversely impacted.
We are dependent on the earnings of our subsidiaries. Substantially all of our operations are conducted through our subsidiaries. As a result, our cash flow and our ability to fund operations are dependent upon the earnings of our subsidiaries and the distribution of earnings, loans or other payments by our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation to provide us with funds for our payment obligations, whether by dividends, distributions, loans or other payments. Any payments to us by our subsidiaries could be subject to statutory or contractual restrictions and are contingent upon our subsidiaries’ earnings and business considerations. Certain of our subsidiaries are subject to regulatory restrictions which may limit their ability to transfer funds to their parent companies and/or our ability to repatriate funds to the U.S. Our financial condition could be adversely affected if certain of our subsidiaries are unable to distribute funds to us.
| |
Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments. |
None.
We conduct our worldwide operations using a combination of leased and owned facilities. While we believe we have sufficient facilities to conduct our business at present, we will continue to lease, acquire and dispose of facilities throughout the world as necessary.
We lease space in various states in the U.S., including California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Utah and Washington, D.C., and in various non-U.S. locations, including Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China (including Hong Kong), Colombia, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Isle of Man, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, the U.K. (including England and Scotland) and Vietnam. As of September 30, 2014, we leased and occupied approximately 1,131,000 square feet of
space. We have also leased and subsequently subleased to third parties approximately 62,000 square feet of excess leased space.
In addition, we own four buildings in San Mateo, California; five buildings in Rancho Cordova, California; two buildings in Stockton, California; five buildings in St. Petersburg, Florida; one building in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida; three buildings in Hyderabad, India; and two buildings in Nassau, The Bahamas, as well as space in office buildings in Argentina, India and Singapore. The buildings we own consist of approximately 2,112,000 square feet of space. We have leased to third parties approximately 288,000 square feet of excess owned space.
| |
Item 3. | Legal Proceedings. |
The information set forth in response to this Item 3 of Regulation S-K under “Legal Proceedings” is incorporated by reference from the “Legal Proceedings” section in Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of this Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
| |
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures. |
Not applicable.
Executive Officers of the Registrant
Pursuant to General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, the following description of our executive officers is included as an unnumbered item in Part I of this report in lieu of being included in our definitive proxy statement for our annual meeting of stockholders. Set forth below are the name, age, present title, and certain other information for each of our executive officers as of November 12, 2014. Each executive officer is appointed by Franklin’s Board of Directors and holds his/her office until the earlier of his/her death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal.
Vijay C. Advani
Age 53
Executive Vice President - Global Advisory Services of Franklin since March 2011; formerly, Executive Vice President-Global Distribution of Franklin from June 2008 to March 2011, and Executive Vice President–Global Advisor Services of Franklin from December 2005 to June 2008; officer and/or director of certain subsidiaries of Franklin.
Gregory E. Johnson
Age 53
Chairman of the Board of Franklin since June 2013, Chief Executive Officer of Franklin since January 2004 and President of Franklin since December 1999; officer and/or director of certain subsidiaries of Franklin; director or trustee of 44 registered investment companies managed or advised by subsidiaries of Franklin.
Jennifer M. Johnson
Age 50
Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Franklin since March 2010; formerly, Executive Vice President–Operations and Technology of Franklin from December 2005 to March 2010, and Senior Vice President and Chief Information Officer of Franklin from May 2003 to December 2005; officer and/or director of certain subsidiaries of Franklin.
Rupert H. Johnson, Jr.
Age 74
Vice Chairman of Franklin since December 1999 and director of Franklin since 1969; officer and/or director of certain subsidiaries of Franklin; director or trustee of 41 registered investment companies managed or advised by subsidiaries of Franklin.
Kenneth A. Lewis
Age 53
Executive Vice President of Franklin since October 2007 and Chief Financial Officer of Franklin since October 2006; formerly, Senior Vice President and Treasurer of Franklin from October 2006 to October 2007, Vice President–Enterprise Risk Management of Franklin from April 2006 to October 2006 and Vice President and Treasurer of Franklin from June 2002 to April 2006; officer and/or director of certain subsidiaries of Franklin; officer of various registered investment companies managed or advised by subsidiaries of Franklin.
John M. Lusk
Age 56
Executive Vice President - Investment Management of Franklin since March 2011; formerly, Executive Vice President–Portfolio Operations of Franklin from December 2005 to March 2011, and Vice President of Franklin from January 2004 to December 2005; officer and/or director of certain subsidiaries of Franklin.
Craig S. Tyle
Age 54
Executive Vice President and General Counsel of Franklin since August 2005; formerly, a partner at Shearman & Sterling LLP (a law firm) from March 2004 to July 2005 and General Counsel for the Investment Company Institute (a trade group for the U.S. fund industry) from September 1997 through March 2004; officer and/or director of certain subsidiaries of Franklin; officer of various registered investment companies managed or advised by subsidiaries of Franklin.
William Y. Yun
Age 55
Executive Vice President–Alternative Strategies of Franklin since June 2008; formerly, Executive Vice President– Institutional of Franklin from December 2005 to June 2008, and President of Fiduciary Trust, a subsidiary of Franklin acquired in April 2001, from 2000 to December 2005; officer and/or director of certain subsidiaries of Franklin; officer of registered investment company managed or advised by subsidiaries of Franklin.
Family Relationships
Gregory E. Johnson is the nephew of Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. and the brother of Charles E. Johnson (a director of Franklin) and Jennifer M. Johnson. Charles E. Johnson is the nephew of Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. and the brother of Gregory E. Johnson and Jennifer M. Johnson. Jennifer M. Johnson is the niece of Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. and the sister of Gregory E. Johnson and Charles E. Johnson.
PART II
| |
Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. |
Our common stock is traded on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “BEN.” On September 30, 2014, the closing price of our common stock on the NYSE was $54.61 per share. At October 31, 2014, there were 3,885 stockholders of record of our common stock.
In July 2013, a three-for-one split of our common stock was distributed to common stockholders in the form of a stock dividend. Share and per share data for all prior periods presented have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the stock split.
The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices for our common stock on the NYSE for each full quarterly period of the two most recently completed fiscal years:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Quarter | | 2014 Fiscal Year | | 2013 Fiscal Year |
| High | | Low | | High | | Low |
October-December | | $ | 57.85 |
| | $ | 49.49 |
| | $ | 44.64 |
| | $ | 41.34 |
|
January-March | | $ | 58.87 |
| | $ | 49.92 |
| | $ | 50.35 |
| | $ | 42.67 |
|
April-June | | $ | 58.42 |
| | $ | 51.00 |
| | $ | 56.54 |
| | $ | 44.22 |
|
July-September | | $ | 58.28 |
| | $ | 52.65 |
| | $ | 54.36 |
| | $ | 45.06 |
|
We declared regular cash dividends of $0.48 per share ($0.12 per share per quarter) in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014 (“fiscal year 2014”). We declared regular cash dividends of $0.39 per share ($0.097 per share in each of the first three quarters and $0.10 per share in the fourth quarter) and a special cash dividend of $1.00 per share in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013 (“fiscal year 2013”). We currently expect to continue paying comparable regular cash dividends on a quarterly basis to holders of our common stock depending upon earnings and other relevant factors.
The equity compensation plan information called for by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K is set forth in Item 12 of Part III of this Form 10-K under the heading “Equity Compensation Plan Information.”
The following table provides information with respect to the shares of our common stock that we repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2014.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Month | | Total Number of Shares Purchased | | Average Price Paid per Share | | Total Number of Shares Purchased As Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
July 2014 | | 360,000 |
| | $ | 55.93 |
| | 360,000 |
| | 32,621,896 |
|
August 2014 | | 1,567,783 |
| | $ | 55.33 |
| | 1,567,783 |
| | 31,054,113 |
|
September 2014 | | 1,281,000 |
| | $ | 55.34 |
| | 1,281,000 |
| | 29,773,113 |
|
Total | | 3,208,783 |
| | | | 3,208,783 |
| | |
Under our stock repurchase program, we can repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time in the open market and in private transactions in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, including without limitation applicable federal securities laws. In order to pay taxes due in connection with the vesting of employee and executive officer stock and stock unit awards, we may repurchase shares under our program using a net stock issuance method. In December 2013, we announced that our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 30.0 million additional shares of our common stock under our stock repurchase program. At September 30, 2014, 29.8 million shares remained
available for repurchase under the program, which is not subject to an expiration date. There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during fiscal years 2014 and 2013.
| |
Item 6. | Selected Financial Data. |
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
as of and for the fiscal years ended September 30, | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | 2011 | | 2010 |
Summary of Operations (in millions) | | | | | | | | | | |
Operating revenues | | $ | 8,491.4 |
| | $ | 7,985.0 |
| | $ | 7,101.0 |
| | $ | 7,140.0 |
| | $ | 5,853.0 |
|
Operating income | | 3,221.2 |
| | 2,921.3 |
| | 2,515.2 |
| | 2,659.8 |
| | 1,958.7 |
|
Operating margin | | 37.9 | % | | 36.6 | % | | 35.4 | % | | 37.3 | % | | 33.5 | % |
Net income attributable to Franklin Resources, Inc. | | 2,384.3 |
| | 2,150.2 |
| | 1,931.4 |
| | 1,923.6 |
| | 1,445.7 |
|
Financial Data (in millions) | | | | | | | | | | |
Total assets | | $ | 16,357.1 |
| | $ | 15,390.3 |
| | $ | 14,751.5 |
| | $ | 13,775.8 |
| | $ | 10,708.1 |
|
Debt | | 1,198.2 |
| | 1,197.7 |
| | 1,566.1 |
| | 998.2 |
| | 979.9 |
|
Debt of consolidated sponsored investment products and variable interest entities | | 950.8 |
| | 1,097.4 |
| | 1,211.1 |
| | 1,170.3 |
| | — |
|
Franklin Resources, Inc. stockholders’ equity | | 11,584.1 |
| | 10,073.1 |
| | 9,201.3 |
| | 8,524.7 |
| | 7,727.0 |
|
Operating cash flows | | 2,138.0 |
| | 2,035.7 |
| | 1,066.2 |
| | 1,621.8 |
| | 1,651.0 |
|
Investing cash flows | | 390.6 |
| | 232.9 |
| | 873.4 |
| | 435.9 |
| | (32.7 | ) |
Financing cash flows | | (1,195.3 | ) | | (2,018.1 | ) | | (1,084.9 | ) | | (968.2 | ) | | (594.9 | ) |
Assets Under Management (in billions) | | | | | | | | | | |
Ending | | $ | 898.0 |
| | $ | 844.7 |
| | $ | 749.9 |
| | $ | 659.9 |
| | $ | 644.9 |
|
Average1 | | 887.9 |
| | 808.2 |
| | 705.7 |
| | 694.4 |
| | 571.1 |
|
Per Common Share2 | | | | | | | | | | |
Earnings | | | | | | | | | | |
Basic | | $ | 3.79 |
| | $ | 3.37 |
| | $ | 2.99 |
| | $ | 2.89 |
| | $ | 2.12 |
|
Diluted | | 3.79 |
| | 3.37 |
| | 2.98 |
| | 2.87 |
| | 2.11 |
|
Cash dividends | | 0.48 |
| | 1.39 |
| | 1.03 |
| | 0.33 |
| | 1.29 |
|
Book value | | 18.60 |
| | 15.97 |
| | 14.45 |
| | 13.05 |
| | 11.50 |
|
Employee Headcount | | 9,266 |
| | 9,002 |
| | 8,558 |
| | 8,453 |
| | 7,927 |
|
__________________
| |
1 | Represents simple monthly average AUM. |
| |
2 | All per share amounts have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the three-for-one split of common stock described in Item 5 (“Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities”). |
| |
Item 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. |
Forward-Looking Statements
The following discussion and analysis of the results of operations and financial condition of Franklin Resources, Inc. (“Franklin”) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) should be read in conjunction with the “Forward-looking Statements” section set forth in Part I and the “Risk Factors” section set forth in Item 1A of Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and in any more recent filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), each of which describe these risks, uncertainties and other important factors in more detail.
Overview
We are a global investment management organization and derive our operating revenues and net income from providing investment management and related services to investors in jurisdictions worldwide through products that include investment funds and institutional, high net-worth and separately-managed accounts (collectively, our “sponsored investment products” or “SIPs”). In addition to investment management, our services include fund administration, sales, distribution, marketing, shareholder servicing, trustee, custody and other fiduciary services. Our SIPs and investment management and related services are distributed or marketed to the public globally under seven distinct brand names: Franklin®, Templeton®, Mutual Series®, Bissett®, Fiduciary Trust™, Darby®, Balanced Equity Management® and K2®. We offer a broad range of SIPs under equity, hybrid, fixed-income and cash management funds and accounts, including alternative investment products, that meet a wide variety of specific investment needs of individual and institutional investors. We also provide sub-advisory services to certain investment products sponsored by other companies which may be sold to the public under the brand names of those other companies or on a co-branded basis.
The level of our revenues depends largely on the level and relative mix of assets under management (“AUM”). As noted in the “Risk Factors” section set forth above in Item 1A of Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the amount and mix of our AUM are subject to significant fluctuations and can negatively impact our revenues and income. The level of our revenues also depends on mutual fund sales and the number of mutual fund shareholder accounts. The fees charged for our services are based on contracts with our SIPs or our clients. These arrangements could change in the future.
During the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014 (“fiscal year 2014”), the global equity financial markets provided strong returns, evidenced by increases of 20% in the S&P 500 Index and 13% in the MSCI World Index. The overall market performance benefited from an improved global outlook for much of the year, but was tempered by the crisis in Ukraine and economic slowdowns in China and Europe. Volatility increased during our fourth fiscal quarter, as global concerns more than offset the positive U.S. outlook, lowering the overall performance for the year. The prospect of interest rate increases also led to strengthening of the U.S. dollar during the fourth quarter. The global bond markets were uneven throughout the year as the Barclays Global Aggregate Index increased 1%. The overall market improvement benefited our AUM, fee revenues, operating income and net income, all of which increased from the prior fiscal year.
Our total AUM at September 30, 2014 was $898.0 billion, 6% higher than at September 30, 2013, primarily driven by $69.2 billion of market appreciation, partially offset by a $6.8 billion decrease due to foreign exchange revaluation and $4.6 billion of net new outflows. The increase in simple monthly average AUM (“average AUM”) for fiscal year 2014 was higher, at 10%, as market depreciation in the fourth quarter led to a decrease in the amount of total AUM at year end.
The business and regulatory environments in which we operate globally remain complex, uncertain and subject to change. We are subject to various laws, rules and regulations globally that impose restrictions, limitations and registration, reporting and disclosure requirements on our business and add complexity to our global compliance operations. In September 2014, Franklin deregistered as a bank holding company with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.
Uncertainties regarding economic stabilization and improvement remain for the foreseeable future. As we continue to confront the challenges of the current economic and regulatory environments, we remain focused on the investment performance of our SIPs and on providing high quality customer service to our clients. While we are focused on expense
management, we will also seek to attract, retain and develop employees and invest strategically in systems and technology that will provide a secure and stable environment. We will continue to seek to protect and further our brand recognition while developing and maintaining broker/dealer and client relationships. The success of these and other strategies may be influenced by the factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section in Part I of this Annual Report.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in millions, except per share data) | | | | | | | | 2014
vs. 2013 | | 2013
vs. 2012 |
for the fiscal years ended September 30, | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | |
Operating revenues | | $ | 8,491.4 |
| | $ | 7,985.0 |
| | $ | 7,101.0 |
| | 6 | % | | 12 | % |
Operating income | | 3,221.2 |
| | 2,921.3 |
| | 2,515.2 |
| | 10 | % | | 16 | % |
Net income attributable to Franklin Resources, Inc. | | 2,384.3 |
| | 2,150.2 |
| | 1,931.4 |
| | 11 | % | | 11 | % |
Diluted earnings per share | | $ | 3.79 |
| | $ | 3.37 |
| | $ | 2.98 |
| | 12 | % | | 13 | % |
Operating margin1 | | 37.9 | % | | 36.6 | % | | 35.4 | % | | | | |
1 Defined as operating income divided by total operating revenues.
Operating income increased in fiscal year 2014 primarily due to a 10% increase in investment management fees, which was driven by a 10% increase in average AUM, partially offset by a 4% increase in operating expenses. Net income attributable to Franklin Resources, Inc. increased $234.1 million primarily due to the increase in operating income.
Operating income increased in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2013 (“fiscal year 2013”) primarily due to a 14% increase in investment management fees, which was driven by a 15% increase in average AUM, partially offset by a lower effective management fee rate. Net income attributable to Franklin Resources, Inc. increased $218.8 million as the increase in operating income was partially offset by lower investment and other income.
In July 2013, a three-for-one split of the Company’s common stock was distributed to common stockholders in the form of a stock dividend. Share and per share data for all prior periods presented have been adjusted retroactively to reflect the stock split.
Diluted earnings per share increased in fiscal years 2014 and 2013 consistent with the increases in net income and the impacts of 1% decreases in diluted average common shares outstanding primarily resulting from the repurchase of shares of our common stock.
ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
AUM by investment objective was as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in billions) | | | | | | | | 2014
vs. 2013 | | 2013
vs. 2012 |
as of September 30, | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | |
Equity | | | | | | | | | | |
Global/international | | $ | 261.5 |
| | $ | 243.9 |
| | $ | 214.9 |
| | 7 | % | | 13 | % |
United States | | 109.5 |
| | 97.2 |
| | 82.2 |
| | 13 | % | | 18 | % |
Total equity | | 371.0 |
| | 341.1 |
| | 297.1 |
| | 9 | % | | 15 | % |
Hybrid | | 159.0 |
| | 137.5 |
| | 110.1 |
| | 16 | % | | 25 | % |
Fixed-Income | | | | | | | | | | |
Tax-free | | 72.1 |
| | 72.4 |
| | 83.2 |
| | 0 | % | | (13 | )% |
Taxable | | | | | | | | | | |
Global/international | | 225.1 |
| | 228.8 |
| | 196.4 |
| | (2 | )% | | 16 | % |
United States | | 63.8 |
| | 58.3 |
| | 56.7 |
| | 9 | % | | 3 | % |
Total fixed-income | | 361.0 |
| | 359.5 |
| | 336.3 |
| | 0 | % | | 7 | % |
Cash Management | | 7.0 |
| | 6.6 |
| | 6.4 |
| | 6 | % | | 3 | % |
Total | | $ | 898.0 |
| | $ | 844.7 |
| | $ | 749.9 |
| | 6 | % | | 13 | % |
Average for the Year | | $ | 887.9 |
| | $ | 808.2 |
| | $ | 705.7 |
| | 10 | % | | 15 | % |
AUM at September 30, 2014 increased 6% from September 30, 2013, primarily due to $69.2 billion of market appreciation, as strong positive returns in global markets resulted in valuation increases in all long-term investment objectives, partially offset by a $6.8 billion decrease due to foreign exchange revaluation and $4.6 billion of net new outflows. Average AUM also benefited from market appreciation, increasing 10% during fiscal year 2014.
AUM at September 30, 2013 increased 13% from September 30, 2012, primarily due to $66.1 billion of market appreciation and $24.3 billion of net new flows. Strong positive returns in global markets resulted in valuation increases in all long-term investment objectives with the exception of tax-free fixed-income, which was negatively impacted by investor concerns regarding the economic outlook for certain municipalities. The net new flows were primarily driven by inflows in global/international fixed-income products. Average AUM benefited from the same factors, increasing 15% during fiscal year 2013.
Average AUM is generally more indicative of trends in revenue for providing investment management and fund administration services than the year-over-year change in ending AUM.
Average AUM and the mix of average AUM by investment objective are shown below.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in billions) | | Average AUM | | 2014
vs. 2013 | | 2013
vs. 2012 |
for the fiscal years ended September 30, | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | |
Equity | | | | | | | |
|
| |
|
|
Global/international | | $ | 262.1 |
| | $ | 228.1 |
| | $ | 204.3 |
| | 15 | % | | 12 | % |
United States | | 107.6 |
| | 87.8 |
| | 78.7 |
| | 23 | % | | 12 | % |
Total equity | | 369.7 |
| | 315.9 |
| | 283.0 |
| | 17 | % | | 12 | % |
Hybrid | | 152.7 |
| | 126.2 |
| | 101.9 |
| | 21 | % | | 24 | % |
Fixed-Income | | | | | | | | | | |
Tax-free | | 71.0 |
| | 81.7 |
| | 77.5 |
| | (13 | )% | | 5 | % |
Taxable | | | | | | | |
|
| |
|
|
Global/international | | 227.7 |
| | 220.5 |
| | 185.4 |
| | 3 | % | | 19 | % |
United States | | 60.2 |
| | 57.9 |
| | 51.6 |
| | 4 | % | | 12 | % |
Total fixed-income | | 358.9 |
| | 360.1 |
| | 314.5 |
| | 0 | % | | 14 | % |
Cash Management | | 6.6 |
| | 6.0 |
| | 6.3 |
| | 10 | % | | (5 | )% |
Total | | $ | 887.9 |
| | $ | 808.2 |
| | $ | 705.7 |
| | 10 | % | | 15 | % |
|
| | | | | | | | | |
| | Mix of Average AUM |
for the fiscal years ended September 30, | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 |
Equity | | | | | | |
Global/international | | 30 | % | | 28 | % | | 29 | % |
United States | | 12 | % | | 11 | % | | 11 | % |
Total equity | | 42 | % | | 39 | % | | 40 | % |
Hybrid | | 17 | % | | 16 | % | | 14 | % |
Fixed-Income | | | | | | |
Tax-free | | 8 | % | | 10 | % | | 11 | % |
Taxable | | | | | | |
Global/international | | 25 | % | | 27 | % | | 26 | % |
United States | | 7 | % | | 7 | % | | 8 | % |
Total fixed-income | | 40 | % | | 44 | % | | 45 | % |
Cash Management | | 1 | % | | 1 | % | | 1 | % |
Total | | 100 | % | | 100 | % | | 100 | % |
Components of the change in AUM were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in billions) | | | | | | | | 2014
vs. 2013 | | 2013
vs. 2012 |
for the fiscal years ended September 30, | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | |
Beginning AUM | | $ | 844.7 |
| | $ | 749.9 |
| | $ | 659.9 |
| | 13 | % | | 14 | % |
Long-term sales | | 192.6 |
| | 215.6 |
| | 170.8 |
| | (11 | )% | | 26 | % |
Long-term redemptions | | (197.5 | ) | | (190.0 | ) | | (172.7 | ) | | 4 | % | | 10 | % |
Net cash management | | 0.3 |
| | (1.3 | ) | | (0.4 | ) | | NM |
| | 225 | % |
Net new flows | | (4.6 | ) | | 24.3 |
| | (2.3 | ) | | NM |
| | NM |
|
Reinvested distributions | | 21.6 |
| | 21.3 |
| | 18.4 |
| | 1 | % | | 16 | % |
Net flows | | 17.0 |
| | 45.6 |
| | 16.1 |
| | (63 | )% | | 183 | % |
Distributions | | (26.1 | ) | | (26.2 | ) | | (22.5 | ) | | 0 | % | | 16 | % |
Acquisitions | | — |
| | 9.3 |
| | — |
| | (100 | )% | | NM |
|
Appreciation and other1 | | 62.4 |
| | 66.1 |
| | 96.4 |
| | (6 | )% | | (31 | )% |
Ending AUM | | $ | 898.0 |
| | $ | 844.7 |
| | $ | 749.9 |
| | 6 | % | | 13 | % |
__________________
| |
1 | Includes impact of foreign exchange revaluation. |
Components of the change in AUM by investment objective were as follows:
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in billions) | | Equity | | | | Fixed-Income | | | | |
for the fiscal year ended
September 30, 2014 | | Global/International | | United States | | Hybrid | | Tax-Free | | Taxable Global/International | | Taxable United States | | Cash Management | | Total |
AUM at October 1, 2013 | | $ | 243.9 |
| | $ | 97.2 |
| | $ | 137.5 |
| | $ | 72.4 |
| | $ | 228.8 |
| | $ | 58.3 |
| | $ | 6.6 |
| | $ | 844.7 |
|
Long-term sales | | 51.5 |
| | 24.3 |
| | 31.5 |
| | 8.2 |
| | 60.8 |
| | 16.3 |
| | — |
| | 192.6 |
|
Long-term redemptions | | (54.1 | ) | | (24.7 | ) | | (23.4 | ) | | (13.2 | ) | | (66.7 | ) | | (15.4 | ) | | — |
| | (197.5 | ) |
Net exchanges | | 0.5 |
| | 0.6 |
| | 1.8 |
| | (1.0 | ) | | (2.1 | ) | | — |
| | 0.2 |
| | — |
|
Net cash management | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 0.3 |
| | 0.3 |
|
Net new flows | | (2.1 | ) | | 0.2 |
| | 9.9 |
| | (6.0 | ) | | (8.0 | ) | | 0.9 |
| | 0.5 |
| | (4.6 | ) |
Reinvested distributions | | 3.9 |
| | 3.5 |
| | 5.3 |
| | 2.4 |
| | 4.9 |
| | 1.6 |
| | — |
| | 21.6 |
|
Net flows | | 1.8 |
| | 3.7 |
| | 15.2 |
| | (3.6 | ) | | (3.1 | ) | | 2.5 |
| | 0.5 |
| | 17.0 |
|
Distributions | | (4.4 | ) | | (3.7 | ) | | (6.1 | ) | | (2.9 | ) | | (6.8 | ) | | (2.2 | ) | | — |
| | (26.1 | ) |
Appreciation (depreciation) and other1 | | 20.2 |
| | 12.3 |
| | 12.4 |
| | 6.2 |
| | 6.2 |
| | 5.2 |
| | (0.1 | ) | | 62.4 |
|
AUM at September 30, 2014 | | $ | 261.5 |
| | $ | 109.5 |
| | $ | 159.0 |
| | $ | 72.1 |
| | $ | 225.1 |
| | $ | 63.8 |
| | $ | 7.0 |
| | $ | 898.0 |
|
__________________
| |
1 | Includes impact of foreign exchange revaluation. |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in billions) | | Equity | | | | Fixed-Income | | | | |
for the fiscal year ended
September 30, 2013 | | Global/International | | United States | | Hybrid | | Tax-Free | | Taxable Global/International | | Taxable United States | | Cash Management | | Total |
AUM at October 1, 2012 | | $ | 214.9 |
| | $ | 82.2 |
| | $ | 110.1 |
| | $ | 83.2 |
| | $ | 196.4 |
| | $ | 56.7 |
| | $ | 6.4 |
| | $ | 749.9 |
|
Long-term sales | | 45.5 |
| | 17.4 |
| | 26.4 |
| | 12.4 |
| | 95.6 |
| | 18.3 |
| | — |
| | 215.6 |
|
Long-term redemptions | | (50.1 | ) | | (21.0 | ) | | (19.3 | ) | | (16.7 | ) | | (66.6 | ) | | (16.3 | ) | | — |
| | (190.0 | ) |
Net exchanges | | (0.1 | ) | | 1.1 |
| | 2.1 |
| | (2.8 | ) | | (1.2 | ) | | (0.6 | ) | | 1.5 |
| | — |
|
Net cash management | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (1.3 | ) | | (1.3 | ) |
Net new flows | | (4.7 | ) | | (2.5 | ) | | 9.2 |
| | (7.1 | ) | | 27.8 |
| | 1.4 |
| | 0.2 |
| | 24.3 |
|
Reinvested distributions | | 3.4 |
| | 2.0 |
| | 5.1 |
| | 2.4 |
| | 6.7 |
| | 1.7 |
| | — |
| | 21.3 |
|
Net flows | | (1.3 | ) | | (0.5 | ) | | 14.3 |
| | (4.7 | ) | | 34.5 |
| | 3.1 |
| | 0.2 |
| | 45.6 |
|
Distributions | | (3.5 | ) | | (2.2 | ) | | (6.0 | ) | | (3.1 | ) | | (9.0 | ) | | (2.4 | ) | | — |
| | (26.2 | ) |
Acquisitions | | — |
| | — |
| | 9.0 |
| | — |
| | 0.3 |
| | — |
| | — |
| | 9.3 |
|
Appreciation (depreciation) and other1 | | 33.8 |
| | 17.7 |
| | 10.1 |
| | (3.0 | ) | | 6.6 |
| | 0.9 |
| | — |
| | 66.1 |
|
AUM at September 30, 2013 | | $ | 243.9 |
| | $ | 97.2 |
| | $ | 137.5 |
| | $ | 72.4 |
| | $ | 228.8 |
| | $ | 58.3 |
| | $ | 6.6 |
| | $ | 844.7 |
|
__________________
| |
1 | Includes impact of foreign exchange revaluation. |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in billions) | | Equity | | | | Fixed-Income | | | | |
for the fiscal year ended
September 30, 2012 | | Global/International | | United States | | Hybrid | | Tax-Free | | Taxable Global/International | | Taxable United States | | Cash Management | | Total |
AUM at October 1, 2011 | | $ | 185.8 |
| | $ | 68.4 |
| | $ | 101.3 |
| | $ | 72.0 |
| | $ | 178.8 |
| | $ | 46.9 |
| | $ | 6.7 |
| | $ | 659.9 |
|
Long-term sales | | 40.8 |
| | 16.1 |
| | 19.3 |
| | 13.5 |
| | 64.0 |
| | 17.1 |
| | — |
| | 170.8 |
|
Long-term redemptions | | (41.7 | ) | | (18.7 | ) | | (26.5 | ) | | (8.9 | ) | | (64.2 | ) | | (12.7 | ) | | — |
| | (172.7 | ) |
Net exchanges | | (1.5 | ) | | 0.2 |
| | 0.5 |
| | 0.3 |
| | (0.9 | ) | | 1.4 |
| | — |
| | — |
|
Net cash management | | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | — |
| | (0.4 | ) | | (0.4 | ) |
Net new flows | | (2.4 | ) | | (2.4 | ) | | (6.7 | ) | | 4.9 |
| | (1.1 | ) | | 5.8 |
| | (0.4 | ) | | (2.3 | ) |
Reinvested distributions | | 2.2 |
| | 1.7 |
| | 4.9 |
| | 2.3 |
| | 5.6 |
| | 1.7 |
| | — |
| | 18.4 |
|
Net flows | | (0.2 | ) | | (0.7 | ) | | (1.8 | ) | | 7.2 |
| | 4.5 |
| | 7.5 |
| | (0.4 | ) | | 16.1 |
|
Distributions | | (2.4 | ) | | (1.8 | ) | | (5.7 | ) | | (3.0 | ) | | (7.5 | ) | | (2.1 | ) | | — |
| | (22.5 | ) |
Appreciation and other1 | | 31.7 |
| | 16.3 |
| | 16.3 |
| | 7.0 |
| | 20.6 |
| | 4.4 |
| | 0.1 |
| | 96.4 |
|
AUM at September 30, 2012 | | $ | 214.9 |
| | $ | 82.2 |
| | $ | 110.1 |
| | $ | 83.2 |
| | $ | 196.4 |
| | $ | 56.7 |
| | $ | 6.4 |
| | $ | 749.9 |
|
__________________
1 Includes impact of foreign exchange revaluation.
AUM increased $53.3 billion or 6% during fiscal year 2014, primarily due to $62.4 billion of market appreciation and other, which is net of a $6.8 billion decrease due to the impact of foreign exchange revaluation, partially offset by $4.6 billion of net new outflows. The market appreciation occurred in all long-term investment objectives, and reflected positive returns in global markets, as evidenced by increases in the MSCI World and S&P 500 indexes of 13% and 20%. The foreign exchange revaluation was primarily due to strengthening of the U.S. dollar against the Canadian dollar, Euro and Australian dollar. Long-term sales decreased 11% to $192.6 billion from the prior year primarily due to lower sales of global/international fixed-income products, partially offset by higher sales of equity products. Long-term redemptions increased 4% to $197.5 billion primarily due to higher redemptions in equity and hybrid products, partially offset by lower redemptions in tax-free fixed-income products.
AUM increased $94.8 billion or 13% during fiscal year 2013, primarily driven by $66.1 billion of market appreciation and other and $24.3 billion of net new flows. The market appreciation primarily resulted from equity and
hybrid products, consistent with increases in the MSCI World and S&P 500 indexes of 21% and 19%. Long-term sales increased 26% to $215.6 billion from the prior year, primarily due to higher sales of global/international fixed-income and hybrid products. Long-term redemptions increased 10% to $190.0 billion due to higher redemptions in all investment objectives with the exception of hybrid, which had an $11.1 billion redemption from an institutional advisory account in the prior year.
Average AUM by sales region is shown below.
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
(in billions) | | | | | | | | 2014
vs. 2013 | | 2013
vs. 2012 |
for the fiscal years ended September 30, | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2012 | | |
United States | | $ | 578.8 |
| | $ | 523.8 |
| | $ | 461.3 |
| | 11 | % | | 14 | % |
International | | | | | | | | | | |
Europe, the Middle East and Africa | | 149.5 |
| | 137.4 |
| | 112.1 |
| | 9 | % | | 23 | % |
Asia-Pacific | | 91.6 |
| | 83.5 |
| | 74.3 |
| | 10 | % | | 12 | % |
Canada | | 39.0 |
| | 35.2 |
| | 32.1 |
| | 11 | % | | 10 | % |
Latin America1 | | 29.0 |
| | 28.3 |
| | 25.9 |
| | 2 | % | | 9 | % |
Total international | | $ | 309.1 |
| | $ | 284.4 |
| | $ | 244.4 |
| | 9 | % | | 16 | % |
Total | | $ | 887.9 |
| | $ | 808.2 |
| |