Document
FORM 10-Q

x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2016
or

¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___ to ___

Commission File Number 001-36632

 EMCORE Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New Jersey
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
22-2746503
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
2015 W. Chestnut Street, Alhambra, California, 91803
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code:  (626) 293-3400

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. ¨ Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨ Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). ¨ Yes x No

As of August 2, 2016, the number of shares outstanding of our no par value common stock totaled 26,138,607.
.




CAUTIONARY STATEMENT
REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS


This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act). These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends affecting the financial condition of our business. Such forward-looking statements include, in particular, projections about our future results included in our Exchange Act reports and statements about our plans, strategies, business prospects, changes and trends in our business and the markets in which we operate. These forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of terms and phrases such as “anticipates”, “believes”, “can”, “could”, “estimates”, “expects”, “forecasts”, “intends”, “may”, “plans”, “projects”, "should", “targets”, “will”, "would", and similar expressions or variations of these terms and similar phrases. Additionally, statements concerning future matters such as our expected liquidity, development of new products, enhancements or technologies, sales levels, expense levels, expectations regarding the outcome of legal proceedings and other statements regarding matters that are not historical are forward-looking statements. Management cautions that these forward-looking statements relate to future events or our future financial performance and are subject to business, economic, and other risks and uncertainties, both known and unknown, that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements of our business or our industry to be materially different from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences in results and outcomes include without limitation the following: (a) the rapidly evolving markets for the Company's products and uncertainty regarding the development of these markets; (b) the Company's historical dependence on sales to a limited number of customers and fluctuations in the mix of products and customers in any period; (c) delays and other difficulties in commercializing new products; (d) the failure of new products: (i) to perform as expected without material defects, (ii) to be manufactured at acceptable volumes, yields, and cost, (iii) to be qualified and accepted by our customers, and (iv) to successfully compete with products offered by our competitors; (e) uncertainties concerning the availability and cost of commodity materials and specialized product components that we do not make internally; (f) actions by competitors; and (g) other risks and uncertainties discussed under Item 1A - Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015, as updated by our subsequent periodic reports. These cautionary statements apply to all forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Quarterly Report.

Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions and analysis made in light of our experience and perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments as well as other factors that we believe are appropriate under the circumstances. While these statements represent our judgment on what the future may hold, and we believe these judgments are reasonable, these statements are not guarantees of any events or financial results. All forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are made as of the date hereof, based on information available to us as of the date hereof, and subsequent facts or circumstances may contradict, obviate, undermine, or otherwise fail to support or substantiate such statements. We caution you not to rely on these statements without also considering the risks and uncertainties associated with these statements and our business that are addressed in this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015. Certain information included in this Quarterly Report may supersede or supplement forward-looking statements in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to conform such statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by applicable law or regulation.




2


EMCORE Corporation
FORM 10-Q
For The Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 




3

Table of Contents

PART I.    Financial Information
ITEM 1.    Financial Statements

EMCORE CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income
For the Three and Nine Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015
(in thousands, except net income (loss) per share)
(unaudited)

For the three months ended June 30,
 
For the nine months ended June 30,
 
2016

2015
 
2016
 
2015
Revenue
$
22,376


$
21,194

 
$
66,398

 
$
58,667

Cost of revenue
14,964


13,511

 
44,563

 
39,426

Gross profit
7,412


7,683

 
21,835

 
19,241

Operating expense (income):
 

 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general, and administrative
6,125


4,543

 
15,771

 
19,124

Research and development
2,405


2,274

 
7,529

 
6,470

Recovery of previously incurred litigation related fees and expenses from arbitration award
(2,599
)
 

 
(2,599
)
 

Gain from change in estimate on ARO obligation



 

 
(845
)
(Gain) loss on sale of assets
(41
)


 
(41
)
 
228

Total operating expense
5,890


6,817

 
20,660

 
24,977

Operating income (loss)
1,522


866

 
1,175

 
(5,736
)
Other income (expense):
 

 
 
 
 
 
Interest income, net
32


4

 
40

 
39

Foreign exchange (loss) gain
(201
)

50

 
(311
)
 
101

Change in fair value of financial instruments



 

 
122

Total other (expense) income
(169
)

54

 
(271
)
 
262

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (expense) benefit
1,353


920

 
904

 
(5,474
)
Income tax (expense) benefit
(175
)

(456
)
 
(22
)
 
1,852

Income (loss) from continuing operations
1,178


464

 
882

 
(3,622
)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
123


1,976

 
5,388

 
65,242

Net income
$
1,301


$
2,440

 
$
6,270

 
$
61,620

Foreign exchange translation adjustment
(185
)

170

 
(230
)
 
(549
)
Comprehensive income
$
1,116


$
2,610

 
$
6,040

 
$
61,071

Per share data:





 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per basic share:





 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.05


$
0.02

 
$
0.04

 
$
(0.11
)
Discontinued operations


0.06

 
0.20

 
2.07

Net income per basic share
$
0.05


$
0.08

 
$
0.24

 
$
1.96

Net income (loss) per diluted share:



 
 
 
 
Continuing operations
$
0.05


$
0.02

 
$
0.04

 
$
(0.11
)
Discontinued operations


0.06

 
0.20

 
2.07

Net income per diluted share
$
0.05


$
0.08

 
$
0.24

 
$
1.96

Weighted-average number of basic shares outstanding
26,103


31,203

 
25,913

 
31,494

Weighted-average number of diluted shares outstanding
26,269


31,432

 
26,186

 
31,494


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

EMCORE CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
As of June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
 
As of
 
As of
 
June 30,
2016
 
September 30,
2015
ASSETS
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
105,046

 
$
111,885

Restricted cash
1,219

 
375

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $53 and $462, respectively
21,630

 
17,319

Inventory
18,976

 
17,130

Prepaid expenses and other current assets
3,778

 
4,976

Total current assets
150,649

 
151,685

Property, plant, and equipment, net
11,001

 
8,925

Non-current inventory
4,270

 

Other non-current assets, net of allowance of $0 and $3,561, respectively
319

 
297

Total assets
$
166,239

 
$
160,907

LIABILITIES and SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
9,581

 
$
7,189

Deferred gain associated with sale of assets

 
3,400

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
11,205

 
13,102

Total current liabilities
20,786

 
23,691

Asset retirement obligations
1,589

 
1,774

Other long-term liabilities
61

 

Total liabilities
22,436

 
25,465

Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)


 


Shareholders’ equity:
 
 
 
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5,882 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding

 

Common stock, no par value, 50,000 shares authorized; 33,041 shares issued and 26,131 shares outstanding as of June 30, 2016; 32,586 shares issued and 25,676 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2015
764,324

 
762,003

Treasury stock at cost; 6,910 shares at June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015
(47,721
)
 
(47,721
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
617

 
847

Accumulated deficit
(573,417
)
 
(579,687
)
Total shareholders’ equity
143,803

 
135,442

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity
$
166,239

 
$
160,907


The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents
EMCORE CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015
(in thousands)
(unaudited)


 
For the nine months ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
Net income
$
6,270

 
$
61,620

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
 
 
 
Depreciation, amortization and accretion expense
1,696

 
2,346

Stock-based compensation expense
1,629

 
4,144

Deferred income taxes

 
24,080

Gain on sale of Photovoltaics Business

 
(86,958
)
Gain on sale of Digital Products Business

 
(1,994
)
Provision adjustments related to doubtful accounts
20

 
523

Provision adjustments related to product warranty
302

 
707

Change in fair value of financial instruments

 
(122
)
Gain from change in estimate on ARO obligation

 
(845
)
Reclassification of foreign currency translation adjustment

 
(744
)
Recognition of previously deferred gain on sale of assets from discontinued operations
(3,804
)
 

Gain on reduction of product warranty of discontinued operations
(423
)
 

Gain on settlement of solar power assets and obligations
(689
)
 

Gain on settlement of Newark lease
(310
)
 

Net (gain) loss on disposal of equipment
(41
)
 
237

Settlement of customer related warranty claim

 
(442
)
Total non-cash adjustments
(1,620
)
 
(59,068
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
(4,358
)
 
6,828

Inventory
(6,420
)
 
(3,026
)
Other assets
120

 
(502
)
Accounts payable
2,884

 
(2,979
)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
(1,118
)
 
(4,979
)
Total change in operating assets and liabilities
(8,892
)
 
(4,658
)
Net cash used in operating activities
(4,242
)
 
(2,106
)
Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from sale of Photovoltaics Business

 
149,936

Proceeds from sale of Digital Products Business

 
16,982

Purchase of equipment
(4,480
)
 
(2,239
)
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash
(844
)
 
1,456

Receipt of escrow funds from sale of assets
1,853

 

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment
50

 
50

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities
(3,421
)
 
166,185

Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 
 
Payments on credit facilities

 
(26,518
)
Repurchases of common stock

 
(45,618
)
Proceeds from stock plans
614

 
1,362

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
614

 
(70,774
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on foreign currency
210

 
137

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents
(6,839
)
 
93,442

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
111,885

 
20,687

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
105,046

 
$
114,129

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
 
 
 
Cash paid during the period for interest
$
65

 
$
168

Cash paid during the period for income taxes
$
123

 
$
623

NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES
 
 
 
Changes in accounts payable related to purchases of equipment
$
(432
)
 
$

Issuance of common stock to Board of Directors
$
263

 
$
413

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Table of Contents

EMCORE Corporation
Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2016
(unaudited)


NOTE 1.
Description of Business

Business Overview

EMCORE Corporation and its subsidiaries (referred to herein as the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “EMCORE”), established in 1984 as a New Jersey corporation, designs and manufactures Indium Phosphide (InP) optical chips, components, subsystems and systems for the broadband and specialty fiber optics market. EMCORE is a provider of optical components, as well as complete end-to-end solutions for high-speed communications network infrastructures enabling systems and service providers to meet growing demand for bandwidth and connectivity. EMCORE's advanced optical technologies are designed for Cable Television (CATV), Fiber-To-The-Premises (FTTP) networks, telecommunications and data centers, satellite communications, aerospace and defense, wireless networks, and broadcast and professional audio/video systems. With its InP semiconductor wafer fabrication facility, EMCORE has fully vertically-integrated manufacturing capability and also provides contract design, foundry and component packaging services.

We currently have one reporting segment: Fiber Optics. Until the first quarter of fiscal year 2015, we operated as two segments: Fiber Optics and Photovoltaics. EMCORE's Solar Photovoltaics business, which was sold in December 2014, provided products for space power applications including high-efficiency multi-junction solar cells, Covered Interconnect Cells and complete satellite solar panels. In addition, EMCORE sold certain assets, and transferred certain liabilities, of the Company's telecommunications business, including the ITLA, micro-ITLA, T-TOSA and T-XFP product lines within the Company’s telecommunications business in January 2015. In addition to organic growth and development of our existing Fiber Optics market, we intend to pursue other strategies to enhance shareholder value, which may include acquisitions, investments in joint ventures, partnerships, and other strategic alternatives, such as dispositions, reorganizations, recapitalizations or other similar transactions, the repurchase of shares of our outstanding common stock or payment of dividends to our shareholders, and we may engage financial and other advisors to assist in these efforts. Accordingly, the Strategy and Alternatives Committee of the Board of Directors and our management may from time to time be engaged in evaluating potential strategic opportunities and may enter into definitive agreements with respect to such transactions or other strategic alternatives.


Sale of Photovoltaics and Digital Products Businesses

On September 17, 2014, EMCORE entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Photovoltaics Agreement”) with SolAero Technologies Corporation ("SolAero") (formerly known as Photon Acquisition Corporation) pursuant to which SolAero acquired substantially all of the assets, and assumed substantially all of the liabilities, primarily related to or used in connection with the Company's photovoltaics business, including EMCORE's subsidiaries EMCORE Solar Power, Inc. and EMCORE IRB Company, LLC (collectively, the "Photovoltaics Business" and, the sale of the Photovoltaics Business, the "Photovoltaics Asset Sale") for $150.0 million in cash, prior to a $0.1 million working capital adjustment pursuant to the Photovoltaics Agreement finalized and paid by EMCORE during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015. On December 10, 2014, EMCORE completed the Photovoltaics Asset Sale.

On October 22, 2014, EMCORE entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the "Digital Products Agreement") with NeoPhotonics Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("NeoPhotonics"), pursuant to which the Company sold certain assets, and transferred certain liabilities, of the Company's telecommunications business (the "Digital Products Business") to NeoPhotonics for an aggregate purchase price of $17.5 million, subject to certain adjustments. On January 2, 2015, EMCORE completed the sale of the Digital Products Business for $1.5 million in cash and an adjusted Promissory Note balance of $15.5 million. On April 17, 2015, NeoPhotonics paid in full the outstanding balance of the Promissory Note of $15.5 million, plus accrued interest of $0.2 million.

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Table of Contents


No Photovoltaics Business or Digital Products Business assets or liabilities that were sold remain on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2016 or September 30, 2015. The financial results of the Photovoltaics Business and the Digital Products Business are presented as "discontinued operations" on the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations for additional information. The notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements relate to our continuing operations only, unless otherwise indicated.


Interim Financial Statements

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) for interim information, and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. In our opinion, the interim financial statements reflect all normal adjustments that are necessary to provide a fair presentation of the financial results for the interim periods presented. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for an entire fiscal year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2015 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of such date. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations for additional information. For a more complete understanding of our business, financial position, operating results, cash flows, risk factors and other matters, please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015.

All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. We are not the primary beneficiary of, nor do we hold a significant variable interest in, any variable interest entity. We have evaluated subsequent events through the date that the financial statements were issued.


Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, we have consumed cash from operations and in most periods, we have incurred operating losses from continuing operations. We have managed our liquidity position through the sale of assets, and cost reduction initiatives, as well as, from time to time, borrowings from our Credit Facility and capital markets transactions.

On June 15, 2015, we completed the modified "Dutch auction" tender offer (the "Tender Offer") and purchased 6.9 million shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $6.55 per share, for an aggregate cost of $45.0 million excluding fees and expenses. Repurchased common stock was recorded to treasury stock. The Company incurred costs of $0.7 million in connection with the Tender Offer, which were recorded to treasury stock.

On July 5, 2016, the Company declared a special cash dividend of $1.50 per share, or a total of $39.2 million. The dividend was paid on July 29, 2016 to shareholders of record as of July 18, 2016. See Note 14 - Subsequent Event for additional information.

As of June 30, 2016, cash and cash equivalents totaled $105.0 million and net working capital totaled approximately $129.9 million. Net working capital, calculated as current assets minus current liabilities, is a financial metric we use which represents available operating liquidity. For the nine months ended June 30, 2016, we earned net income of $6.3 million.

With respect to measures related to liquidity:

We believe that our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations and amounts expected to be available under our Credit Facility will provide us with sufficient financial resources to meet our cash requirements for operations, working capital, and capital expenditures for at least the next twelve months, and thereafter for the foreseeable future. At the discretion of our Board, we may use our existing balances of cash and cash equivalents to provide liquidity to our shareholders through one or more special dividends or the repurchase of additional shares of our outstanding common stock, make investments in our other businesses, pursue other strategic opportunities or a combination thereof. In addition, should we require more capital than what is generated by our operations, for example to fund significant discretionary activities, such as business acquisitions, we could elect to raise capital in the U.S. through debt or equity issuances. These alternatives could result in higher effective tax rates, increased interest expense, and/or dilution of our earnings. We have borrowed funds in the past and continue to believe we have the ability to do so at reasonable interest rates.


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Table of Contents

Resolution of Outstanding Litigation: In June 2016 we collected $2.6 million in fees and costs from Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. ("SEI") and $1.9 million held in escrow as the result of the favorable ruling from the SEI arbitration. See Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies.

Sale of Photovoltaics Business: On December 10, 2014, we completed the sale of our Photovoltaics Business for$150.0 million in cash prior to working capital adjustments of $0.1 million.

Sale of Digital Products Business: On January 2, 2015, we completed the sale of our Digital Products Business for $1.5 million in cash and an adjusted Promissory Note balance of $15.5 million. On April 17, 2015, NeoPhotonics paid in full the outstanding balance of the Promissory Note of $15.5 million, plus accrued interest of $0.2 million.

Credit Facility: On November 11, 2010, we entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (Credit Facility) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo"). The Credit Facility, as it has been amended through its seventh amendment on November 10, 2015, currently provides us with a revolving credit line of up to $15.0 million through November 2018 that can be used for working capital requirements, letters of credit, and other general corporate purposes. The Credit Facility is secured by the Company's assets and is subject to a borrowing base formula based on the Company's eligible accounts receivable, inventory, and machinery and equipment accounts. See Note 9 - Credit Facilities for additional information.


NOTE 2.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

There have been no recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements that are of significance, or of potential significance, to us other than those discussed below:
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. ASU 2016-09 introduces targeted amendments intended to simplify the accounting for stock compensation. Specifically, the ASU requires all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies (including tax benefits of dividends on share-based payment awards) to be recognized as income tax expense or benefit in the income statement. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The new standard will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 introduces a lessee model that requires recognition of assets and liabilities arising from qualified leases on the consolidated balance sheets and consolidated statements of operations and disclosure of qualitative and quantitative information about lease transactions. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018 and interim periods within those years. The new standard will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2019 and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes. Under this guidance, organizations that present a classified balance sheet are required to classify all deferred taxes as non-current assets or non-current liabilities. The guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within those fiscal years, and early adoption is permitted. The Company early adopted the new standard in fiscal year 2016 and the accounting standard update did not have an impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330): Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory. This standard requires inventory to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The guidance clarifies that net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016 and interim periods within those fiscal years. The new standard will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2017 and early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Table of Contents

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers which will supersede most current U.S. GAAP guidance on this topic. In April 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing to clarify two aspects of the guidance within ASU No. 2014-09 on identifying performance obligations and the licensing implementation guidance. Under the new standards, recognition of revenue occurs when the seller satisfies a performance obligation by transferring to the customer promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration the entity expects to receive for those goods or services. The new standard, as amended in August 2015, will be effective for our fiscal year beginning October 1, 2018 and early adoption is permitted as of October 1, 2017. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We anticipate this standard will not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


NOTE 3.
Discontinued Operations

Sale of Photovoltaics Business

On September 17, 2014, EMCORE entered into the Photovoltaics Agreement with SolAero pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell the Photovoltaics Business for $150.0 million in cash, prior to a working capital adjustment of $0.1 million. On December 10, 2014, EMCORE completed the Photovoltaics Asset Sale.

In connection with this transaction, we sold net assets of $60.3 million to SolAero and incurred transaction costs of $2.7 million. During the three months ended December 31, 2014, we recognized a gain of $56.8 million, net of tax on the sale of the Photovoltaics Business which was recorded within discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

On December 22, 2015, we settled all of the outstanding rights and obligations of a solar power venture in Spain, including outstanding non-current receivables, for a payment of $0.7 million. The outstanding non-current receivables had a net book value of $0 at the time of settlement as they were fully allowed for previously. The resulting gain was recorded in the discontinued operations of the Photovoltaics Business for the nine months ended June 30, 2016.

No assets and liabilities of the Photovoltaics Business that were sold remain on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015. The financial results of the Photovoltaics Business are reported as discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

The following table presents the statements of operations for the discontinued operations of the Photovoltaics Business:

 
For the three months ended June 30,
 
For the nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Revenue
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
12,614

Cost of revenue

 

 

 
8,245

Gross profit

 

 

 
4,369

Operating (income) expense
(17
)
 
(374
)
 
(838
)
 
2,057

Other income

 

 

 
779

Gain on sale of discontinued operations

 
(64
)
 

 
86,958

Income from discontinued operations before income tax benefit (expense)
17

 
310

 
838

 
90,049

Income tax benefit (expense)
23

 
1,105

 
(5
)
 
(28,821
)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
$
40

 
$
1,415

 
$
833

 
$
61,228


Included in discontinued operations during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2016 were $0 and $0.1 million, respectively, of New Mexico incentive tax credits received. The credits received resulted in cash refunds. There were no incentive tax credits received during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2015.

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Sale of Digital Products Business

On October 22, 2014, EMCORE entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement with NeoPhotonics, pursuant to which the Company sold certain assets, and transferred certain liabilities, of the Company's Digital Products Business to NeoPhotonics for an aggregate purchase price of $17.5 million, subject to certain adjustments. On January 2, 2015, EMCORE completed the sale of the Digital Products Business for $1.5 million in cash and an adjusted Promissory Note balance of $15.5 million. On April 17, 2015, NeoPhotonics paid in full the outstanding balance of the Promissory Note of $15.5 million, plus accrued interest of $0.2 million.

During the nine months ended June 30, 2015, we recognized a gain of $2.0 million on the sale of the Digital Products Business which was recorded within discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

In December 2015, we entered into an agreement to terminate our lease and related obligations associated with a facility in Newark, California which we abandoned effective February 2016 following the sale of the Digital Products Business for a payment of $0.2 million. As a result of this agreement, we recorded a gain of $0.3 million on the lease termination in the discontinued operations of the Digital Products Business during the nine months ended June 30, 2016. See Note 8 - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities.

Included in cost of revenue for the nine months ended June 30, 2016 is $0.4 million due to a reduction in expected product warranty liabilities from a settlement agreement associated with the Digital Products Business.

During the nine months ended June 30, 2016, we recognized the deferred gain of $3.4 million and reversal of other liabilities of $0.4 million, that had been recorded as of September 30, 2015, resulting in a credit of $3.8 million to deferred gain on sale of assets within discontinued operations of the Digital Products Business as the result of the favorable ruling from the SEI arbitration. See Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies.

No assets or liabilities from the Digital Products Business remain on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015. The financial results of the Digital Products Business are reported as discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

The following table presents the statements of operations for the discontinued operations of the Digital Products Business:

 
For the three months ended June 30,
 
For the nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Revenue
$

 
$
89

 
$

 
$
11,944

Cost of revenue

 
27

 
(494
)
 
9,138

Gross profit

 
62

 
494

 
2,806

Operating expense (income)
45

 
(11
)
 
(285
)
 
3,147

Recognition of previously deferred gain on sale of assets

 

 
3,804

 

Gain on sale of discontinued operations

 
 
 

 
1,994

(Loss) income from discontinued operations before income tax benefit (expense)
(45
)
 
73

 
4,583

 
1,653

Income tax benefit (expense)
128

 
488

 
(28
)
 
2,361

Income from discontinued operations
$
83

 
$
561

 
$
4,555

 
$
4,014




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NOTE 4.
Fair Value Accounting

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. This standard describes a fair value hierarchy based on three levels of inputs, of which the first two are considered observable and the last unobservable, that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly, through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on our own assumptions used to measure assets or liabilities at fair value.

Classification of an asset or liability within this hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Valuation techniques used to measure fair value under ASC 820 must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

Cash consists primarily of bank deposits or, highly liquid short-term investments with a maturity of three months or less at the time of purchase. Restricted cash represents temporarily restricted deposits held as compensating balances against short-term borrowing arrangements.

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate fair value because of the short maturity of these instruments.


NOTE 5.
Accounts Receivable

The components of accounts receivable consisted of the following:


As of

As of
(in thousands)
June 30,
2016

September 30, 2015
Accounts receivable, gross
$
21,683

 
$
17,781

Allowance for doubtful accounts
(53
)
 
(462
)
Accounts receivable, net
$
21,630

 
$
17,319


The allowance for doubtful accounts is based on the age of receivables and a specific identification of receivables considered at risk of collection.



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NOTE 6.
Inventory

The components of inventory consisted of the following:

 
As of
 
As of
(in thousands)
June 30,
2016
 
September 30, 2015
Raw materials
$
14,712

 
$
9,261

Work in-process
4,468

 
3,207

Finished goods
4,066

 
4,662

Inventory balance at end of period
$
23,246

 
$
17,130

Current portion
$
18,976

 
$
17,130

Non-Current portion
4,270

 

Inventory balance at end of period
$
23,246

 
$
17,130


The non-current inventory balance of $4.3 million as of June 30, 2016 is comprised entirely of raw materials which we acquired as part of a last time purchase as a result of the vendor announcing they would cease manufacturing a part.

NOTE 7.
Property, Plant, and Equipment, net

The components of property, plant, and equipment, net consisted of the following:

 
As of
 
As of
(in thousands)
June 30,
2016
 
September 30, 2015
Equipment
$
26,895

 
$
24,913

Furniture and fixtures
1,109

 
1,109

Computer hardware and software
2,611

 
2,177

Leasehold improvements
1,853

 
1,480

Construction in progress
1,446

 
875

Property, plant, and equipment, gross
33,914

 
30,554

Accumulated depreciation
(22,913
)
 
(21,629
)
Property, plant, and equipment, net
$
11,001

 
$
8,925




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NOTE 8.
Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The components of accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following:


As of

As of
(in thousands)
June 30,
2016

September 30, 2015
Compensation
$
3,899

 
$
3,036

Warranty
974

 
1,664

Termination fee
2,925

 
2,775

Professional fees
616

 
1,147

Customer deposits
41

 
133

Deferred revenue

 
65

Self insurance
95

 
606

Income and other taxes
966

 
1,038

Severance and restructuring accruals
901

 
1,448

Other
788

 
1,190

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities
$
11,205

 
$
13,102


Compensation: Compensation is primarily comprised of accrued employee salaries, taxes and benefits.

Termination fee: The termination fee relates to the contractual amount owed to a third party for terminating a prior joint venture agreement related to our Broadband and Digital Products lines of business. In July 2016, the Company and the third party agreed in principle to a final settlement amount of $2.9 million related to the termination fee. In the third quarter of fiscal year 2016, the Company recorded an increase in the accrued termination fee of $150,000. Of this amount, $72,000 was recorded in continuing operations and $78,000 was recorded within discontinued operations in the Digital Products Business.

Self-insurance: Prior to December 31, 2015, the Company provided health benefits to its employees under a self-insured (stop-loss) plan whereby the Company was responsible for substantially all amounts incurred by the provider related to the benefits provided to members of the plan. Effective January 1, 2016, the Company provides health benefits to its employees through a premium policy based plan and is only responsible for the premium payments for each employee insured under the plan. The balance as of June 30, 2016 relates to the amounts the Company is liable for prior to discontinuing the self-insurance plan.

Income and other taxes: For the three months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of approximately $0.2 million, and $0.2 million of income tax benefit within income from discontinued operations. For the nine months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of approximately $22,000, and $33,000 of income tax expense within income from discontinued operations. See Note 10 - Income and other Taxes.

Severance and restructuring accruals: In the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2014, the Company’s former CEO announced his resignation which became effective in the second quarter of fiscal year 2015. The Company entered into a separation agreement with the individual that provided for among other things, the continuation of his base salary for up to 86 weeks, benefits for 18 months, outplacement services for a period of not more than one year and with a value not in excess of $15,000 and immediate vesting of all his outstanding non-vested equity awards. These payments were not contingent upon any future service by the individual. The Company recorded a charge of approximately $0.8 million in the fiscal year ended September 30, 2014 related to this separation agreement.

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2015, the Company’s former Chief Administrative Officer and General Counsel and Secretary announced their resignations which became effective in the first quarter and second quarter of fiscal year 2015, respectively. The Company entered into separation agreements with each individual that provided for among other things, the continuation of their base salary (74 weeks for the Chief Administrative Officer and 68 weeks for the General Counsel and Secretary), benefits for 18 months, outplacement services for a period of not more than one year and with a value not in excess of $15,000 and immediate vesting of all their outstanding non-vested equity awards. These payments were not contingent upon any future service by either individual. The Company recorded charges of approximately $1.1 million in the nine months ended June 30, 2015 related to these separation agreements.

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Table of Contents


In connection with the abandonment of our Newark, California facility following the closing of the sale of the Digital Products Business, we accrued for the remaining lease costs through the lease termination in May 2016. In December 2015, we entered into an agreement to terminate this lease and related obligations, including asset retirement obligations ("ARO"), as of February 2016 for a payment of $0.2 million. As a result of the agreement, we recorded a gain of $0.3 million on the lease termination. The resulting gain has been recorded in the discontinued operations of the Digital Products Business for the nine months ended June 30, 2016. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations.

On June 7, 2016, Mark Weinswig notified the Company that he would resign as the Company's Chief Financial Officer, effective as of June 20, 2016 (the “Separation Date”). The Company and Mr. Weinswig entered into a separation agreement and general release, dated June 7, 2016 (the "Separation Agreement"), which includes mutual releases by Mr. Weinswig and the Company of all claims related to Mr. Weinswig's employment and service relationship with, and termination of employment and service from, the Company. The Separation Agreement provides, for among other things, the continuation of his base salary for 64 weeks, benefits for 16 months, outplacement services for a period of not more than 1 year and with a value not in excess of $15,000 and immediate vesting of all his outstanding non-vested equity awards, other than his most recent equity award. These payments are not contingent upon any future service by Mr. Weinswig. The Company recorded a charge of approximately $0.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2016 related to Mr. Weinswig's Separation Agreement.

In an effort to better align our current and future business operations, in May 2016 the Company reduced its workforce by approximately 30 individuals and recorded a charge for severance for the affected employees in the amount of $0.3 million.

Our severance and restructuring-related accruals specifically relate to the separation agreements discussed above and non-cancelable obligations associated with an abandoned leased facility. Expense related to severance and restructuring accruals is included in selling, general, and administrative expense on our statement of operations and comprehensive income. The following table summarizes the changes in the severance and restructuring-related accrual accounts:

(in thousands)
Severance-related accruals
 
Restructuring- related accruals
 
Total
Balance as of September 30, 2015
$
1,110

 
$
338

 
$
1,448

Expense - charged to accrual
720

 

 
720

Payments and accrual adjustments
(929
)
 
(338
)
 
(1,267
)
Balance as of June 30, 2016
$
901

 
$

 
$
901


Warranty: We generally provide product and other warranties on our components, power systems, and fiber optic products. Certain parts and labor warranties from our vendors can be assigned to our customers. Our reported financial position or results of operations may be materially different under changed conditions or when using different estimates and assumptions. In the event that estimates or assumptions prove to differ from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information.

The following table summarizes the changes in our product warranty accrual accounts:

Product Warranty Accruals
For the three months ended June 30,
 
For the nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Balance at beginning of period
$
1,102

 
$
1,924

 
$
1,664

 
$
2,816

Provision for product warranty - expense
68

 
192

 
302

 
707

Adjustments and utilization of warranty accrual
(196
)
 
(393
)
 
(992
)
 
(1,800
)
Balance at end of period
$
974

 
$
1,723

 
$
974

 
$
1,723


The decrease in adjustments and utilization of the warranty accrual for the nine months ended June 30, 2016 compared to the same period in 2015 is the result of claims processed for one specific customer in continuing operations and the adjustment of two customer claims associated with our discontinued operations in the nine months ended June 30, 2015.

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NOTE 9.
Credit Facilities

On November 11, 2010, we entered into a Credit and Security Agreement (Credit Facility) with Wells Fargo Bank, National Association ("Wells Fargo"). The Credit Facility is secured by the Company's assets and is subject to a borrowing base formula based on the Company's eligible accounts receivable, inventory, and machinery and equipment accounts.

On November 10, 2015, we entered into a Seventh Amendment of the Credit Facility, which extended the maturity date of the facility to November 2018 and adjusted the interest rate to LIBOR plus 2.5%. The Credit Facility currently provides us with a revolving credit line of up to $15.0 million that can be used for working capital requirements, letters of credit, and other general corporate purposes.

As of June 30, 2016, there were no amounts outstanding under this Credit Facility and the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants. Also, as of June 30, 2016, the Credit Facility had approximately $0.5 million reserved for one stand-by letters of credit and $9.9 million available for borrowing. As of August 4, 2016, there was no outstanding balance under this Credit Facility.


NOTE 10.
Income and other Taxes

For the three months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of approximately $0.2 million, and $0.2 million of income tax benefit within income from discontinued operations. For the nine months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of approximately $22,000, and $33,000 of income tax expense within income from discontinued operations. Income tax expense is comprised of estimated alternative minimum tax allocated between continuing operations and discontinued operations as prescribed by ASC 740 and foreign tax expense included within continuing operations.

For the three months ended June 30, 2015, the Company recorded $0.5 million of income tax expense from continuing operations income and $1.6 million of income tax benefit within income from discontinued operations. For the nine months ended June 30, 2015, the Company recorded $1.9 million of income tax benefit from continuing operations losses and $26.5 million of income tax expense within income from discontinued operations. The income tax expense within discontinued operations included estimated alternative minimum tax and other adjustments prescribed by ASC 740 in allocating expected annual income tax expense (benefit) between continuing operations and discontinued operations.

For the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the effective tax rate on continuing operations was 12.9% and 49.6%, respectively. The lower tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily due to permanent differences, state tax benefits, foreign rate differentials and changes in the Company's estimated results in the current year as compared to the prior year. The Company uses estimates to forecast the results from continuing operations for the current fiscal year as well as permanent differences between book and tax accounting.

For the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the effective tax rate on continuing operations was 2.4% and 33.8% respectively. The lower tax rate for the nine months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily due to permanent differences, state tax benefits, foreign tax rate differentials and changes in the Company's estimated results in the current year as compared to the prior year. The Company uses estimates to forecast the results from continuing operations for the current fiscal year as well as permanent differences between book and tax accounting.
We have not provided for U.S. federal and state income taxes on non-U.S. subsidiaries' undistributed earnings as of June 30, 2016 because we plan to indefinitely reinvest the unremitted earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries.
All deferred tax assets have a full valuation allowance at June 30, 2016 and the Company expects all remaining deferred tax assets to have a full valuation allowance at September 30, 2016. However, on a quarterly basis, the Company will evaluate the positive and negative evidence to assess whether the more likely than not criteria, mandated by ASC 740, has been satisfied in determining whether there will be further adjustments to the valuation allowance.

During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, there were no material increases or decreases in unrecognized tax benefits. As of June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015, we had approximately $0.4 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of interest and penalties accrued as tax liabilities on our balance sheet.



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NOTE 11.
Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease Obligations: We lease certain facilities and equipment under non-cancelable operating leases. Operating lease amounts exclude property taxes, insurance, and maintenance expenses on leased properties. Our facility leases typically provide for rental adjustments for increases in base rent (up to specific limits), property taxes, insurance, and general property maintenance that would be recorded as rent expense. Rent expense was approximately $0.5 million and $0.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively and approximately $1.1 million and $1.0 million for the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. There are no off-balance sheet arrangements other than our operating leases.

Asset Retirement Obligations ("ARO"): We have known conditional asset retirement conditions, such as certain asset decommissioning and restoration of rented facilities to be performed in the future. Our ARO's include assumptions related to renewal option periods for those facilities where we expect to extend lease terms. The Company recognizes its estimate of the fair value of its ARO's in the period incurred in long-term liabilities. The fair value of the ARO is also capitalized as property, plant and equipment.

In future periods, the ARO is accreted for the change in its present value and capitalized costs are depreciated over the useful life of the related assets. If the fair value of the estimated ARO changes, an adjustment will be recorded to both the ARO and the asset retirement capitalized cost. Revisions in estimated liabilities can result from revisions of estimated inflation rates, changes in estimated retirement costs, and changes in the estimated timing of settling ARO's. The fair value of our ARO's were estimated by discounting projected cash flows over the estimated life of the related assets using credit adjusted risk-free rates which ranged from 1.20% to 4.20%. There were no ARO's settled during the three and nine months ended June 30, 2015. See discussion below regarding ARO settlements during the three months ended December 31, 2015. Accretion expense of $15,000 and $22,000 was recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Accretion expense of $45,000 and $89,000 was recorded during the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

EMCORE leases a major facility in Alhambra, California covering six buildings where manufacturing, research and development, and general and administrative work is performed. Several leases related to these facilities expired in 2011, and were being maintained on a month-to-month basis. In November 2014, a new lease for four of the six buildings was signed, which was retroactively effective on October 1, 2014. The new lease extended the terms of the lease for three years plus a three year option to extend the lease and clarified the obligations and restoration work necessary to restore the buildings back to the requirements in the lease.

The Company’s ARO consists of legal requirements to return the existing leased facilities to their original state and certain environmental work to be performed due to the presence of a manufacturing fabrication operation and significant changes to the facilities over the past thirty years.

During the three months ended December 31, 2014, the Company completed an analysis of the new Alhambra lease and revised its estimated future cash flows of its ARO's. The analysis required estimating the probability that the Company will be required to remove certain infrastructure and restore the leased properties as set forth in the new lease, and the timing and amount of those future costs. The analysis resulted in the downward revision of the Company’s ARO liability. This change in the estimated cash flows resulted in a reduction in the ARO liability by $2.9 million with an offsetting reduction to property, plant, and equipment, net of $2.1 million, and a gain from change in estimate of ARO liability of $0.8 million. The Company first reduced the net leasehold improvement asset to the extent of the carrying amount of the related asset initially recorded when the ARO's were established. The amount of the remaining reduction to the ARO's was recorded as a reduction to operating expenses.

In May 2016, which was retroactively effective on February 1, 2016, the Company entered into a five year lease agreement for facilities in Beijing, China where some manufacturing work is to be performed. In connection with the lease agreement, the Company has recorded an ARO asset and liability in the amount of $34,000 at June 30, 2016.

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Table of Contents


During the three months ended December 31, 2015, the Company entered into an agreement to terminate the lease and related obligations, including ARO, in Newark, California for a one-time settlement payment of $0.2 million. As a result of this agreement and payment, the Company reduced its ARO's associated with the Newark facility by $0.3 million. The following table summarizes ARO activity:

Asset Retirement Obligations
June 30,
(in thousands)
2016
Balance at September 30, 2015
$
1,774

Accretion expense
45

Additions in current year
34

Payments and revision in estimated cash flows
(264
)
Balance at June 30, 2016
$
1,589


Indemnifications: We have agreed to indemnify certain customers against claims of infringement of the intellectual property rights of others in our sales contracts with these customers. Historically, we have not paid any claims under these indemnification obligations. On September 19, 2013, we received written notice from a customer of our broadband products requesting indemnification relating to a lawsuit brought against them alleging patent infringement of a system incorporating our product. As of June 30, 2016, there has been no resolution to this claim.

In March 2012, we entered into a Master Purchase Agreement with SEI, pursuant to which we agreed to sell certain assets and transfer certain obligations. Under the terms of the Master Purchase Agreement, we agreed to indemnify SEI for up to $3.4 million of potential claims and expenses for the two-year period following the sale and we recorded this amount as a deferred gain on our balance sheet as a result of these contingencies.

On September 23, 2014, SEI filed for arbitration against EMCORE, in accordance with the terms of the Master Purchase Agreement between the parties. SEI was seeking $47.5 million from EMCORE, relating to numerous claims. On April 12, 2016, the International Court of Arbitration tribunal rejected SEI's claims. The panel ruled that EMCORE owes SEI none of the amounts SEI sought in the arbitration and that the Company was entitled to collect the $1.9 million held in escrow, which was received in June 2016 and is included in cash at June 30, 2016. The Company was also entitled to recover $2.6 million in fees and costs from SEI, which was received in June 2016. During the nine months ended June 30, 2016, we recognized a gain associated with the release of $3.4 million of previously recorded gain associated with the sale of assets and reversal of other liabilities of $0.4 million, resulting in a credit of $3.8 million to recognition of previously deferred gain on sale of assets within discontinued operations of the Digital Products Business. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2016, we recognized the $2.6 million recovery of previously incurred litigation fees and costs incurred by EMCORE within operating income as such represented the recovery of previously incurred legal expenses. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations.

Legal Proceedings: We are subject to various legal proceedings, claims, and litigation, either asserted or unasserted that arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these matters is currently not determinable, we do not expect the resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. However, the results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty. Professional legal fees are expensed when incurred. We accrue for contingent losses when such losses are probable and reasonably estimable. In the event that estimates or assumptions prove to differ from actual results, adjustments are made in subsequent periods to reflect more current information. Should we fail to prevail in any legal matter or should several legal matters be resolved against the Company in the same reporting period, then the financial results of that particular reporting period could be materially affected.


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Table of Contents

a) Intellectual Property Lawsuits

We protect our proprietary technology by applying for patents where appropriate and, in other cases, by preserving the technology, related know-how and information as trade secrets. The success and competitive position of our product lines are impacted by our ability to obtain intellectual property protection for our research and development efforts. We have, from time to time, exchanged correspondence with third parties regarding the assertion of patent or other intellectual property rights in connection with certain of our products and processes.

b) Mirasol Class Action

On December 15, 2015, Plaintiff Christina Mirasol (“Mirasol”), on her own behalf and on behalf of a putative class of similarly situated individuals composed of current and former non-exempt employees of the Company working in California since December 15, 2011, filed a complaint against the Company in the Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County. The complaint alleges seven causes of action related to: (1) failure to pay overtime; (2) failure to provide meal periods; (3) failure to pay minimum wages; (4) failure to timely pay wages upon termination; (5) failure to provide compliant wage statements; (6) unfair competition under the California Business and Professions Code § 17200 et seq.; and (7) penalties under the Private Attorneys General Act. The claims are premised primarily on the allegation that Mirasol and the putative class members were not provided with their legally required meal periods. Mirasol seeks recovery on her own behalf and on behalf of the putative class in an unspecified amount for compensatory and liquidated damages as well as for declaratory relief, injunctive relief, statutory penalties, pre-judgment interest, costs and attorneys’ fees.

In exchange for a one-time cash payment offered by the Company, certain current and former employees have agreed to release the Company from all potential claims related to the matters alleged in the Mirasol lawsuit. The Company has recorded an accrual for these amounts at June 30, 2016 that is not material to the Company's results of operations, financial condition or cash flows, which has been recorded within Operating Expenses for the nine months ended June 30, 2016. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously against the claims asserted in the lawsuit. While the Company believes that it has valid and meritorious defenses with respect to the allegations, the ultimate liability to the Company, including penalties and fines associated with the remaining claims, is subject to many uncertainties and may range from $39,000 to $2.6 million.

NOTE 12.
Equity

Equity Plans
We provide long-term incentives to eligible officers, directors, and employees in the form of equity-based awards. We maintain three equity incentive compensation plans, collectively described below as our "Equity Plans":

the 2000 Stock Option Plan,
the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan ("2010 Plan"), and
the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan ("2012 Plan").

We issue new shares of common stock to satisfy awards issued under our Equity Plans.

The Board of Directors (the “Board”) and stockholders of the Company previously approved, amendments to the 2012 Plan that among other changes, (1) increased the limit on the aggregate number of shares of common stock that may be delivered pursuant to awards granted under the 2012 Plan by 500,000 shares to a new aggregate share limit of 2,500,000 shares; (2) made shares exchanged or withheld by the Company to satisfy any purchase price and tax withholding obligations related to options or “full value awards” (such as restricted stock or stock unit awards), and the total number of shares subject to stock appreciation rights (whether or not issued) count against the 2012 Plan’s share limit and no longer available for new grants under the 2012 Plan; (3) implemented a maximum grant date fair value limit for awards granted to non-employee directors under the 2012 Plan during any one calendar year of $250,000 (or $350,000 in the case of awards to a non-employee director serving as Chairman of the Board or Lead Independent Director at the time of grant, or to a newly elected or appointed non-employee director during the first calendar year of service), (4) expressly allowed the administrator to permit or require participants to defer awards granted under the 2012 Plan, (5) extended the term of the 2012 Plan until March 11, 2026; and (6) extended the performance-based award feature of the 2012 Plan through the first annual meeting of stockholders that occurs in 2021. As a result of the March 2016 approval of the amendments to the 2012 Plan by the Company's stockholders, no more shares may be granted under the 2007 Directors' Stock Award Plan.

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Table of Contents


Stock Options
Most of our stock options vest and become exercisable over a four to five year period and have a contractual life of 10 years. Certain stock options awarded are intended to qualify as incentive stock options pursuant to Section 422A of the Internal Revenue Code.

The following table summarizes stock option activity under the Equity Plans for the nine months ended June 30, 2016:


Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
Weighted Average
Remaining Contractual Life
(in years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (*) (in thousands)
Outstanding as of September 30, 2015
696,459

 
$22.47
 
 
 
 
Granted
27,900

 
$6.01
 
 
 
 
Exercised
(40,863
)
 
$4.98
 
 
 
$
82

Forfeited
(5,700
)
 
$6.35
 
 
 
 
Expired
(58,557
)
 
$31.63
 
 
 
 
Outstanding as of June 30, 2016
619,239

 
$22.17
 
2.47
 
$
235

Exercisable as of June 30, 2016
558,777

 
$23.91
 
1.75
 
$
216

Vested and expected to vest as of June 30, 2016
607,096

 
$22.49
 
2.33
 
$
231


(*) Intrinsic value for stock options represents the “in-the-money” portion or the positive variance between a stock option's exercise price and the underlying stock price. For the nine months ended June 30, 2015, the intrinsic value of options exercised was $194,000.

As of June 30, 2016, there was approximately $0.2 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested stock options granted under the Equity Plans which is expected to be recognized over an estimated weighted average life of 4.0 years.

On December 10, 2014, in connection with the sale of the Photovoltaics Business, which constituted a change in control, the terms of approximately 56,000 stock options for approximately 80 employees were modified to include accelerated vesting effective as of that date. The total incremental benefit resulting from the modifications was approximately $0.2 million and is included in the Company's income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the nine months ended June 30, 2015.

With the dividend of $1.50 per share declared on July 5, 2016, payable to shareholders of record as of the close of business on July 18, 2016 and paid by the Company on July 29, 2016, the number of shares subject to all outstanding options as of that dividend payable date and the exercise price of each such option were equitably and proportinately adjusted to preserve the intrinsic value of the outstanding awards. The impact of the dividend adjustment to outstanding options as of the dividend payable date has also increased the exercisable, vested and expected to vest shares in the above table, which will be reflected in future periods.


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Table of Contents

Valuation Assumptions
The fair value of each stock option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option valuation model, adhering to the straight-line attribution approach using the following weighted-average assumptions, of which the expected term and stock price volatility rate are highly subjective:

 
For the three months ended June 30,
 
For the nine months ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Black-Scholes weighted average assumptions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expected dividend rate
%
 
%
 
%
 
%
Expected stock price volatility rate
60.4
%
 
63.5
%
 
60.9
%
 
70.5
%
Risk-free interest rate 
1.4
%
 
1.9
%
 
1.6
%
 
1.8
%
Expected term (in years)
6.0

 
6.0

 
6.0

 
6.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average grant date fair value per share of stock options granted:
$3.06
 
$
3.59

 
$
3.40

 
$
3.57


Restricted Stock

Restricted stock units (RSUs) granted to employees under the 2010 Plan and 2012 Plan typically vest over 3 years and are subject to forfeiture if employment terminates prior to the lapse of the restrictions. RSUs are not considered issued or outstanding common stock until they vest.

The following table summarizes the activity related to RSUs for the nine months ended June 30, 2016:

Restricted Stock Activity
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested as of September 30, 2015
 
570,231

 
$5.26
Granted
 
431,150

 
$5.55
Vested
 
(283,553
)
 
$5.17
Forfeited
 
(49,497
)
 
$5.12
Non-vested as of June 30, 2016
 
668,331

 
$5.49

As of June 30, 2016, there was approximately $2.9 million of remaining unamortized stock-based compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, associated with RSUs, which will be expensed over a weighted average remaining service period of approximately 2.6 years. The 0.7 million outstanding non-vested RSUs have an aggregate intrinsic value of approximately $4.0 million and a weighted average remaining contractual term of 1.7 years. For the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the intrinsic value of RSUs vested was approximately $1.6 million and $4.4 million, respectively. Of the 0.7 million outstanding non-vested RSUs at June 30, 2016, approximately 0.6 million are expected to vest and have an aggregate intrinsic value of approximately $3.7 million and a weighted average remaining contractual term of 1.7 years.

In connection with the appointment of Mr. Jikun Kim as the Company's Chief Financial Officer on June 20, 2016, he was granted a time based equity award of 150,000 RSUs that are scheduled to vest in five equal annual installments on each of the first five anniversaries of his hiring date.

With the dividend of $1.50 per share declared on July 5, 2016, payable to shareholders of record as of the close of business on July 18, 2016 and paid by the Company on July 29, 2016, the number of shares subject to all outstanding RSUs as of the dividend payable date was equitably and proportionately adjusted to preserve the intrinsic value of the outstanding awards. The impact of the dividend adjustment to outstanding RSUs as of the dividend payable date has also increased the non-vested RSUs outstanding and the expected to vest RSUs as disclosed in the above table, which will be reflected in future periods.


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Table of Contents

On December 10, 2014, in connection with the sale of the Photovoltaics Business, which constituted a change in control, the terms of approximately 147,000 RSUs for approximately 80 employees were modified to include accelerated vesting effective as of that date. The total incremental expense resulting from the modifications was approximately $49,000 and is included in the Company's income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for the nine months ended June 30, 2015. In total, approximately 0.3 million RSU's vested due to change in control provisions.

On June 24, 2016, in connection with the resignation of the Company's former Chief Financial Officer, Mark Weinswig, approximately $0.3 million of stock compensation expense was recorded for acceleration of some and cancellation of other restricted stock units. See Note 8 - Accrued expenses and Other Current Liabilities.

Stock-based compensation
The effect of recording stock-based compensation expense was as follows:

Stock-based Compensation Expense - by award type
For the three months ended June 30,
 
For the nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Employee stock options
$
9

 
$

 
$
25

 
$
184

Restricted stock awards and units
606

 
297

 
1,325

 
2,353

Employee stock purchase plan
57

 
36

 
168

 
100

401(k) match in common stock

 
60

 

 
284

Outside director fees in common stock
55

 
8

 
185

 
288

Total stock-based compensation expense
$
727

 
$
401

 
$
1,703

 
$
3,209



Stock-based Compensation Expense - by expense type
For the three months ended June 30,
 
For the nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Cost of revenue
$
81

 
$
88

 
$
263

 
$
273

Selling, general, and administrative
555

 
195

 
1,163

 
2,609

Research and development
91

 
118

 
277

 
327

Total stock-based compensation expense
$
727

 
$
401

 
$
1,703

 
$
3,209


The stock based compensation expense above relates to continuing operations. Included within stock based-compensation for selling, general and administrative expense for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2016 was approximately $0.3 million associated with the acceleration of some and cancellation of other restricted stock units associated with the resignation of the Company's former Chief Financial Officer, Mark Weinswig. Stock based-compensation within selling, general and administrative expense was higher for the nine months ended June 30, 2015 due to stock-based compensation expense associated with the sale of the Photovoltaics and Digital Products Businesses. Included within discontinued operations is $0.9 million of stock based compensation expense for the nine months ended June 30, 2015.

401(k) Plan
We have a savings plan that qualifies as a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Under this savings plan, participating employees may defer a portion of their pretax earnings, up to the Internal Revenue Service annual contribution limit. All employer contributions were made in common stock through June 30, 2015 and since then have been made in cash. Our matching contribution in cash for the three and nine months ended June 30, 2016 was approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended June 30, 2015, we contributed approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in common stock to the savings plan. All participant accounts had their holdings in company stock liquidated as of December 3, 2015.



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Table of Contents


Income (Loss) Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:

Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share
 
For the three months ended June 30,
 
For the nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands, except per share)
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
1,178

 
$
464

 
$
882

 
$
(3,622
)
   Income from discontinued operations
 
123

 
1,976

 
5,388

 
65,242

Undistributed earnings allocated to common shareholders for basic and diluted net income (loss) per share
 
1,301

 
2,440

 
6,270

 
61,620

Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator for basic net income (loss) per share - weighted average shares outstanding
 
26,103

 
31,203

 
25,913

 
31,494

Dilutive options outstanding, unvested stock units and ESPP
 
166

 
229

 
273

 

Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding
 
26,269

 
31,432

 
26,186

 
31,494

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per basic share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Continuing operations
 
$
0.05

 
$
0.02

 
$
0.04

 
$
(0.11
)
   Discontinued operations
 

 
0.06

 
0.20

 
2.07

Net income per basic share
 
$
0.05

 
$
0.08

 
$
0.24

 
$
1.96

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) per diluted share:
 
 
 
 
 

 

   Continuing operations
 
$
0.05

 
$
0.02

 
$
0.04

 
$
(0.11
)
   Discontinued operations
 
$

 
$
0.06

 
0.20

 
2.07

Net income per diluted share
 
$
0.05

 
$
0.08

 
$
0.24

 
$
1.96

Weighted average antidilutive options, unvested restricted stock units and awards, warrants and ESPP shares excluded from the computation
 
522

 
749

 
528

 
1,378

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average market price of common stock
 
$
5.64

 
$
5.99

 
$
6.00

 
$
5.54


The antidilutive stock options, unvested stock and warrants were excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) per share due to the Company incurring a net loss for the nine months ended June 30, 2016.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan
We maintain an Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP") that provides employees an opportunity to purchase common stock through payroll deductions. The ESPP is a 6-month duration plan with new participation periods beginning on February 25 and August 26 of each year. The purchase price is set at 85% of the average high and low market price of our common stock on either the first or last day of the participation period, whichever is lower, and annual contributions are limited to the lower of 10% of an employee's compensation or $25,000.

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Table of Contents


Future Issuances 

As of June 30, 2016, we had common stock reserved for the following future issuances:
Future Issuances
Number of Common Stock Shares Available for Future Issuances
Exercise of outstanding stock options
619,239

Unvested restricted stock units
668,331

Purchases under the employee stock purchase plan
881,706

Issuance of stock-based awards under the Equity Plans
717,768

Purchases under the officer and director share purchase plan
88,741

Issuance of deferred stock-based awards under the Directors' Stock Award Plan, as amended
22,163

Total reserved
2,997,948


With the dividend of $1.50 per share declared on July 5, 2016, payable to shareholders of record as of the close of business on July 18, 2016 and paid by the Company on July 29, 2016, the number of shares subject to outstanding equity awards, the exercise price of outstanding stock options and the overall limit on the number of shares remaining available for future issuance under the 2010 Plan and 2012 Plan were equitably and proportionately adjusted to preserve the intrinsic value of the outstanding awards and to preserve the intended effect of the overall share limits.  Accordingly, the impact of the dividend adjustment has increased the share amounts reserved for future issuances as disclosed in the above table, which will be reflected in future periods.

NOTE 13.
Geographical Information

Following the sale of the Photovoltaics Business on December 10, 2014, the Company has one remaining reportable segment: Fiber Optics. See also Note 3 - Discontinued Operations for additional disclosures.

We evaluate our reportable segment pursuant to ASC 280, Segment Reporting. The Company's Chief Executive Officer is the chief operating decision maker and he assesses the performance of the operating segment and allocates resources to the segment based on its business prospects, competitive factors, net revenue, operating results, and other non-GAAP financial ratios. Based on this evaluation, the Company operates as a single reportable segment.
Revenue: The following tables set forth revenue by geographic region with revenue assigned to geographic regions based on our customers’ billing address.

Revenue by Geographic Region
For the three months ended June 30,
 
For the nine months ended June 30,
(in thousands)
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
United States
$
17,469

 
$
15,515

 
$
46,651

 
$
41,928

Asia
3,100

 
3,746

 
14,077

 
10,344

Europe
1,680

 
1,685

 
5,214

 
5,712

Other
127

 
248

 
456

 
683

Total revenue
$
22,376

 
$
21,194

 
$
66,398

 
$
58,667


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Table of Contents


Significant Customers: Significant customers are defined as customers representing greater than 10% of our consolidated revenue. Revenue from two of our significant customers represented 54% of our consolidated revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and revenue from three of our significant customers represented 60% of our consolidated revenue for the nine months ended June 30, 2016. Revenue from two of our significant customers represented 45% of our consolidated revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2015 and revenue from four of our significant customers represented 62% of our consolidated revenue for the nine months ended June 30, 2015.

Long-lived Assets: Long-lived assets consist of property, plant, and equipment. As of June 30, 2016 and September 30, 2015, approximately 37% and 38%, respectively, of our long-lived assets were located in the United States. The remaining long-lived assets are primarily located in China.


NOTE 14.
Subsequent Event

On July 5, 2016, the Company declared a special cash dividend of $1.50 per share of the Company's common stock, or a total of $39.2 million. The dividend was paid on July 29, 2016 to shareholders of record as of the close of business on July 18, 2016. See Note 12 - Equity for additional information.


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Table of Contents

ITEM 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto included in Financial Statements under Item 1 within this Quarterly Report. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. See Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

Business Overview

EMCORE Corporation and its subsidiaries (referred to herein as the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “EMCORE”) designs and manufactures Indium Phosphide (InP) optical chips, components, subsystems and systems for the broadband and specialty fiber optics market. EMCORE was the pioneer in linear fiber optic transmission technology, and today is a leader in optical components, as well as a provider of complete end-to-end solutions for high-speed communications network infrastructures, enabling systems and service providers to meet growing demand for bandwidth and connectivity. EMCORE’s advanced optical technologies are designed for cable television (CATV) and fiber-to-the-premise (FTTP) networks, telecommunications and data centers, satellite communications, aerospace and defense, wireless networks, and broadcast and professional audio/video systems. With its world-class InP semiconductor wafer fabrication facility, EMCORE has fully vertically-integrated manufacturing capability and also provides contract design, foundry and component packaging services.

Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. ("SEI")

In March 2012, we entered into a Master Purchase Agreement with SEI, pursuant to which we agreed to sell certain assets and transfer certain obligations. Under the terms of the Master Purchase Agreement, we agreed to indemnify SEI for up to $3.4 million of potential claims and expenses for the two-year period following the sale and we recorded this amount as a deferred gain on our balance sheet as a result of these contingencies.

On September 23, 2014, SEI filed for arbitration against EMCORE, as required under the Master Purchase Agreement between the parties. SEI was seeking $47.5 million from EMCORE, relating to numerous claims. On April 12, 2016, the International Court of Arbitration tribunal rejected SEI's claims. The panel ruled that EMCORE owes SEI none of the amounts SEI sought in the arbitration and that the Company is entitled to collect the $1.9 million held in escrow, which was received in June 2016 and is included in cash at June 30, 2016. The Company is also entitled to recover $2.6 million in fees and costs from SEI, which was received in June 2016. During the nine months ended June 30, 2016, we recognized a gain associated with the release of $3.4 million of previously recorded gain associated with the sale of assets and reversal of other liabilities of $0.4 million, resulting in a credit of $3.8 million to recognition of previously deferred gain on sale of assets within discontinued operations of the Digital Products Business. During the three and nine months ended June 30, 2016, we recognized the $2.6 million recovery of fees and costs incurred by EMCORE within operating income as such represented the recovery of previously incurred legal expenses. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.

Sale of Photovoltaics and Digital Products Businesses

On September 17, 2014, EMCORE entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Photovoltaics Agreement”) with SolAero Technologies Corporation ("SolAero") (formerly known as Photon Acquisition Corporation) pursuant to which SolAero acquired substantially all of the assets, and assumed substantially all of the liabilities, primarily related to or used in connection with the Company's photovoltaics business, including EMCORE's subsidiaries EMCORE Solar Power, Inc. and EMCORE IRB Company, LLC (collectively, the "Photovoltaics Business" and, the sale of the Photovoltaics Business, the "Photovoltaics Asset Sale") for $150.0 million in cash, prior to a $0.1 million working capital adjustment pursuant to the Photovoltaics Agreement finalized and paid by EMCORE during the fiscal year ended September 30, 2015. On December 10, 2014, EMCORE completed the Photovoltaics Asset Sale.

On October 22, 2014, EMCORE entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the "Digital Products Agreement") with NeoPhotonics Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("NeoPhotonics"), pursuant to which the Company sold certain assets, and transferred certain liabilities, of the Company's telecommunications business (the "Digital Products Business") to NeoPhotonics for an aggregate purchase price of $17.5 million, subject to certain adjustments.


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Table of Contents

On January 2, 2015, EMCORE completed the sale of the Digital Products Business for $1.5 million in cash and an adjusted Promissory Note balance of $15.5 million. On April 17, 2015, NeoPhotonics paid in full the outstanding balance of the Promissory Note of $15.5 million, plus accrued interest of $0.2 million.

The Photovoltaics Asset Sale and Digital Products Asset Sale are reported as discontinued operations. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional disclosures.

Strategic Plan

In addition to organic growth and development of our existing fiber optics business, we intend to pursue other strategies to enhance shareholder value. The Strategy and Alternatives Committee of the Company's Board of Directors (the "Strategy Committee"), which was established in December 2013, is charged with evaluating strategic opportunities for the Company that may enhance shareholder value. The Strategy Committee may from time to time consider strategic opportunities to enhance shareholder value, which may include acquisitions, investments in joint ventures, partnerships, and other strategic alternatives such as dispositions, reorganizations, recapitalizations or other similar transactions, the repurchase of shares of our outstanding common stock or payment of dividends to our shareholders, and may engage financial and other advisors to assist it in these efforts. Accordingly, the Strategy Committee of the Board of Directors and our management may from time to time be engaged in evaluating potential strategic opportunities and we may enter into definitive agreements with respect to such transactions or other strategic alternatives. However, there is no assurance that the Strategy Committee will identify further strategic opportunities that the Company will determine to pursue, or that the consideration of any such opportunity would result in the completion of a strategic transaction.


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Table of Contents

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our consolidated condensed statements of operations data expressed as a percentage of revenue: 

 
For the three months ended June 30,
 
For the nine months ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
2016
 
2015
Revenue
100.0
 %
 
100.0
 %
 
100.0
 %
 
100.0
 %
Cost of revenue
66.9

 
63.7

 
67.1

 
67.2

Gross profit
33.1

 
36.3

 
32.9

 
32.8

Operating expense (income):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general, and administrative
27.4

 
21.4

 
23.8

 
32.6

Research and development
10.7

 
10.7

 
11.3

 
11.0

Recovery of previously incurred litigation related fees and expenses from arbitration award

(11.6
)
 

 
(3.9
)
 

Gain from change in estimate on ARO obligation

 

 

 
(1.4
)
(Gain) loss on sale of assets
(0.2
)
 

 

 
0.4

Total operating expense
26.3

 
32.1

 
31.2

 
42.6

Operating income (loss)
6.8

 
4.2

 
1.7

 
(9.8
)
Other income (expense):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income, net
0.2

 

 
0.1

 
0.1

Foreign exchange (loss) gain
(0.9
)
 
0.2

 
(0.5
)
 
0.2

Change in fair value of financial instruments

 

 

 
0.2

Total other (expense) income
(0.7
)
 
0.2

 
(0.4
)
 
0.5

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (expense) benefit
6.1

 
4.4

 
1.3

 
(9.3
)
Income tax (expense) benefit
(0.8
)
 
(2.2
)
 

 
3.2

Income (loss) from continuing operations
5.3

 
2.2

 
1.3

 
(6.1
)
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
0.5

 
9.3

 
8.1

 
111.2

Net income
5.8
 %
 
11.5
 %
 
9.4
 %
 
105.1
 %

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Table of Contents

Comparison of Financial Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

(in thousands, except percentages)
For the three months ended June 30,

2016

2015

$ Change

% Change
Revenue
$
22,376


$
21,194


$
1,182


5.6%
Cost of revenue
14,964


13,511


1,453


10.8%
Gross profit
7,412

 
7,683


(271
)

(3.5)%
Operating expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general, and administrative
6,125


4,543


1,582


34.8%
Research and development
2,405


2,274


131


5.8%
Recovery of previously incurred litigation related fees and expenses from arbitration award

(2,599
)
 

 
(2,599
)
 
N/A
Gain from change in estimate on ARO obligation







Gain on sale of assets
(41
)



(41
)

N/A
Total operating expense
5,890


6,817

 
(927
)
 
(13.6)%
Operating income
1,522

 
866

 
656


75.8%
Other income (expense):










Interest income, net
32


4


28


700.0%
Foreign exchange (loss) gain
(201
)

50


(251
)

(502.0)%
Total other (expense) income
(169
)

54


(223
)

(413.0)%
Income from continuing operations before income tax expense
1,353


920


433


47.1%
Income tax expense
(175
)

(456
)

281


61.6%
Income from continuing operations
1,178

 
464

 
714


153.9%
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
123


1,976


(1,853
)

(93.8)%
Net income
$
1,301


$
2,440

 
$
(1,139
)

(46.7)%

Revenue

EMCORE offers a broad portfolio of compound semiconductor-based products for the broadband and specialty fiber optics market. EMCORE provides optical components, subsystems, and systems for CATV and FTTP networks, as well as products for satellite communications, video transport, and specialty photonics technologies for defense and homeland security applications.

For the three months ended June 30, 2016, revenue increased 5.6% compared to the same period during the prior year driven by higher sales of our CATV products primarily to U.S. customers. Sales of our CATV products, which include our quadrature amplitude modulation transmitters and receivers (QAM), represented the largest percentage of our total revenue during the three-month period.

Gross Profit

Our cost of revenue consists of raw materials, compensation expense including non-cash stock-based compensation expense, depreciation expense and other manufacturing overhead costs, expenses associated with excess and obsolete inventories, and product warranty costs. Historically, our cost of revenue as a percentage of revenue, which we refer to as our gross margin, has fluctuated significantly due to product mix pricing, manufacturing yields and sales volumes, and inventory and specific product warranty charges.

Consolidated gross margins were 33.1% and 36.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


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Table of Contents

Stock-based compensation expense within cost of revenue totaled approximately $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

For the three months ended June 30, 2016, gross margins decreased when compared to the same period during the prior year. The decrease in gross margins for the three months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily due to lower sales prices on certain chip-level device products.


Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A)

SG&A consists primarily of compensation expense including non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to executive, finance, and human resources personnel, as well as sales and marketing expenses, professional fees, legal and patent-related costs, and other corporate-related expenses.

Stock-based compensation expense within SG&A totaled approximately $0.6 million and $0.2 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Stock based compensation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2016 was higher than the amount reported in the same period during the prior year primarily due to approximately $0.3 million of stock compensation expense that was recorded for acceleration of some and cancellation of other restricted stock units related to the resignation of the Company's former Chief Financial Officer, Mark Weinswig.

SG&A expense for the three months ended June 30, 2016 was higher than the amount reported in the same period during the prior year primarily due to higher compensation costs associated with the severance and accelerated vesting of outstanding RSU's of our former CFO, Mark Weinswig, and the May 2016 workforce reduction.

As a percentage of revenue, SG&A expenses were 27.4% and 21.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


Research and Development (R&D)

R&D consists primarily of compensation expense including non-cash stock-based compensation expense, as well as engineering and prototype costs, depreciation expense, and other overhead expenses, as they related to the design, development, and testing of our products. Our R&D costs are expensed as incurred. We believe that in order to remain competitive, we must invest significant financial resources in developing new product features and enhancements and in maintaining customer satisfaction worldwide.

Stock-based compensation expense within R&D totaled approximately $0.1 million during the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

R&D expense for the three months ended June 30, 2016 was higher than the amounts reported in the same period during the prior year primarily due to higher compensation costs.

As a percentage of revenue, R&D expenses were 10.7% for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.


Recovery of previously incurred litigation related fees and expenses from arbitration award

Recovery of previously incurred litigation related fees and expenses from the arbitration award consists of the fees awarded to the Company as a result of the SEI arbitration award in April 2016. As a percentage of revenue, the recovery of previously incurred litigation related fees and expenses from arbitration award were 11.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2016.


Operating Income

Operating income represents revenue less the cost of revenue and direct operating expenses incurred. Operating income is a measure of profit and loss that executive management uses to assess performance and make decisions. As a percentage of revenue, our operating income was 6.8% and 4.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.



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Table of Contents

Other Income (Expense)

Foreign Exchange
Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, both realized and unrealized, are recorded as foreign exchange gain (loss) on our condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. A majority of the gains or losses recorded relate to the change in value of the yuan renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar.


Income Tax (Expense) Benefit

For the three months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of approximately $0.2 million, and $0.2 million of income tax benefit within income from discontinued operations.

For the three months ended June 30, 2015, the Company recorded $0.5 million of income tax expense from continuing operations and $1.6 million of income tax benefit within income from discontinued operations. The income tax benefit within discontinued operations includes estimated alternative minimum tax and other adjustments prescribed by ASC 740 in allocating expected annual income tax (expense) benefit between continuing operations and discontinued operations.


Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

(in thousands, except percentages)
For the three months ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Revenue
$

 
$
89

 
$
(89
)
 
(100.0)%
Cost of revenue

 
27

 
(27
)
 
(100.0)%
Gross profit

 
62

 
(62
)
 
(100.0)%
Operating expense (income)
28

 
(385
)
 
413

 
107.3%
Gain on sale of discontinued operations

 
(64
)
 
64

 
100.0%
(Loss) income from discontinued operations before income tax benefit
(28
)
 
383

 
(411
)
 
(107.3)%
Income tax benefit
151

 
1,593

 
(1,442
)
 
(90.5)%
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
$
123

 
$
1,976

 
$
(1,853
)
 
(93.8)%

During the three months ended June 30, 2016, we recorded income from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $40,000 from the Photovoltaics Business and $83,000 from the Digital Products Business, respectively.

During the three months ended June 30, 2015, we recorded income from discontinued operations, net of tax, of $1.4 million from the Photovoltaics Business and $0.6 million from the Digital Products Business, respectively.


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Comparison of Financial Results for the Nine Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

(in thousands, except percentages)
For the nine months ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Revenue
$
66,398

 
$
58,667

 
$
7,731

 
13.2%
Cost of revenue
44,563

 
39,426

 
5,137

 
13.0%
Gross profit
21,835

 
19,241

 
2,594

 
13.5%
Operating expense (income):
 
 


 
 
 
 
Selling, general, and administrative
15,771

 
19,124

 
(3,353
)
 
(17.5)%
Research and development
7,529

 
6,470

 
1,059

 
16.4%
Recovery of previously incurred litigation related fees and expenses from arbitration award

(2,599
)
 

 
(2,599
)
 
N/A
Gain from change in estimate on ARO obligation

 
(845
)
 
845

 
100.0%
(Gain) loss on sale of assets
(41
)
 
228

 
(269
)
 
(118.0)%
Total operating expense
20,660

 
24,977

 
(4,317
)
 
(17.3)%
Operating income (loss)
1,175

 
(5,736
)
 
6,911

 
120.5%
Other income (expense):
 
 


 
 
 
 
Interest income, net
40

 
39

 
1

 
2.6%
Foreign exchange (loss) gain
(311
)
 
101

 
(412
)
 
(407.9)%
Change in fair value of financial instruments

 
122

 
(122
)
 
(100.0)%
Total other (expense) income
(271
)
 
262

 
(533
)
 
(203.4)%
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax (expense) benefit
904

 
(5,474
)
 
6,378

 
116.5%
Income tax (expense) benefit
(22
)
 
1,852

 
(1,874
)
 
(101.2)%
Income (loss) from continuing operations
882

 
(3,622
)
 
4,504

 
124.4%
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax
5,388

 
65,242

 
(59,854
)
 
(91.7)%
Net income
$
6,270

 
$
61,620

 
$
(55,350
)
 
(89.8)%

Revenue

For the nine months ended June 30, 2016, revenue increased 13.2% compared to the same period during the prior year driven by significantly higher sales of our CATV products primarily to U.S. customers.


Gross Profit

Consolidated gross margins were 32.9% and 32.8% for the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Stock-based compensation expense within cost of revenue totaled approximately $0.3 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

For the nine months ended June 30, 2016, gross margins increased when compared to the same period during the prior year. The increase in gross margins for the nine months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily due to higher sales volume and lower product costs.



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Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A)

SG&A consists primarily of compensation expense including non-cash stock-based compensation expense related to executive, finance, and human resources personnel, as well as sales and marketing expenses, professional fees, legal and patent-related costs, and other corporate-related expenses.

Stock-based compensation expense within SG&A totaled approximately $1.2 million and $2.6 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

SG&A expense for the nine months ended June 30, 2016 was lower than the amount reported in the same period during the prior year primarily due to higher stock-based compensation, severance and compensation expense associated with the sale of the Photovoltaics and Digital Products Businesses in the prior year.

As a percentage of revenue, SG&A expenses were 23.8% and 32.6% for the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


Research and Development (R&D)

R&D consists primarily of compensation expense including non-cash stock-based compensation expense, as well as engineering and prototype costs, depreciation expense, and other overhead expenses, as they related to the design, development, and testing of our products. Our R&D costs are expensed as incurred. We believe that in order to remain competitive, we must invest significant financial resources in developing new product features and enhancements and in maintaining customer satisfaction worldwide.

Stock-based compensation expense within R&D totaled approximately $0.3 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

R&D expense for the nine months ended June 30, 2016 was higher than the amounts reported in the same period during the prior year primarily due to higher compensation costs and increased project spending.

As a percentage of revenue, R&D expenses were 11.3% and 11.0% for the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.


Recovery of previously incurred litigation related fees and expenses from arbitration award

Recovery of previously incurred litigation related fees and expenses from the arbitration award consists of the fees awarded to the Company as a result of the SEI arbitration award in April 2016. As a percentage of revenue, the recovery of previously incurred litigation related fees and expenses from arbitration award were 3.9% for the nine months ended June 30, 2016.


Gain from Change in Estimate on Asset Retirement Obligations ("ARO")

As a result of the revision in the estimated amount and timing of cash flows for ARO's during the nine months ended June 30, 2015, the Company reduced the ARO liability by $2.9 million with an offsetting reduction to property, plant, and equipment, net of $2.1 million, and recorded a gain from change in estimate on ARO liability of $0.8 million. The Company first reduced the net leasehold improvement asset to the extent of the carrying amount of the related asset initially recorded when the ARO's were established. The amount of the remaining reduction to the ARO was recorded as a reduction to operating expenses. See Note 11 - Commitments and Contingencies in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.


Operating Income (Loss)

Operating income (loss) represents revenue less the cost of revenue and direct operating expenses incurred. Operating income (loss) is a measure of profit and loss that executive management uses to assess performance and make decisions. As a percentage of revenue, our operating income (loss) was 1.7% and (9.8)% for the nine months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

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Table of Contents



Other Income (Expense)

Interest Income, net
During the nine months ended June 30, 2015, we recorded $0.2 million of interest income earned on the Promissory Note from NeoPhotonics which was primarily offset by an equivalent amount of interest expense incurred on the outstanding Credit Facility. See Note 3 - Discontinued Operations in the notes to the condensed financial statements for additional information.

Foreign Exchange
Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, both realized and unrealized, are recorded as foreign exchange gain (loss) on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. A majority of the gains or losses recorded relate to the change in value of the yuan renminbi relative to the U.S. dollar.

Change in Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Warrants representing the right to purchase 400,001 shares of our common stock expired on April 1, 2015.


Income Tax (Expense) Benefit

For the nine months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of approximately $22,000, and $33,000 of income tax expense within income from discontinued operations.

For the nine months ended June 30, 2015, the Company recorded $1.9 million of income tax benefit from continuing operations losses and $26.5 million of income tax expense within income from discontinued operations.

During the nine months ended June 30, 2015, the Company utilized the $24.1 million of deferred tax assets. See Note 10 - Income and other Taxes in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for more information.


Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

(in thousands, except percentages)
For the nine months ended June 30,
 
2016
 
2015
 
$ Change
 
% Change
Revenue
$

 
$
24,558

 
$