UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

 

 

Commission file number 1-4448

 

 

Baxter International Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code 847.948.2000

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes þ  No o

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.  Yes o  No þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ  No o

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  þ

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes o  No þ

 

The aggregate market value of the voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 29, 2007 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter), based on the per share closing sale price of $56.34 on that date and the assumption for the purpose of this computation only that all of the registrant’s directors and executive officers are affiliates, was approximately $38 billion. There is no non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant.

 

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock, $1.00 par value, outstanding as of January 31, 2008 was 634,425,140.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the registrant’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year ended December 31, 2007 are incorporated by reference into Parts I, II and IV of this report. Portions of the registrant’s definitive 2008 proxy statement for use in connection with its Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 6, 2008 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I

 

 

Company Overview

 

Baxter develops, manufactures and markets products that save and sustain the lives of people with hemophilia, immune disorders, cancer, infectious diseases, kidney disease, trauma and other chronic and acute medical conditions. As a global diversified healthcare company, Baxter applies a unique combination of expertise in medical devices, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology to create products that advance patient care worldwide. These products are used by hospitals, kidney dialysis centers, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, doctors’ offices, clinical and medical research laboratories, and by patients at home under physician supervision. Baxter manufactures products in 26 countries and sells them in more than 100 countries.

 

Baxter International Inc. was incorporated under Delaware law in 1931. As used in this report, except as otherwise indicated in information incorporated by reference, “Baxter International” means Baxter International Inc. and “Baxter”, the “company” or the “Company” means Baxter International and its consolidated subsidiaries.

 

Business Segments

 

The BioScience, Medication Delivery and Renal segments comprise Baxter’s continuing operations.

 

BioScience.  The BioScience business manufactures recombinant and plasma-based proteins to treat hemophilia and other bleeding disorders; plasma-based therapies to treat immune deficiencies, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, burns and shock, and other chronic and acute blood-related conditions; products for regenerative medicine, such as proteins used in hemostasis, wound-sealing and tissue regeneration; and vaccines. Effective February 28, 2007, the company sold substantially all of the assets and liabilities of its Transfusion Therapies business (TT) to an affiliate of TPG Capital, L.P. (TPG). Under transition agreements, the company will continue to provide manufacturing and a variety of support services to the business for a period of time after divestiture, which varies based on the product or service provided and other factors. See “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Note 3 Sale of Transfusion Therapies Business” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007 which is filed as Exhibit 13 to this Report on Form 10-K for a more detailed discussion of the TT divestiture.

 

Medication Delivery.  The Medication Delivery business manufactures products used in the delivery of fluids and drugs to patients. These include intravenous (IV) solutions and administration sets, premixed drugs and drug-reconstitution systems, pre-filled vials and syringes for injectable drugs, IV nutrition products, infusion pumps, and inhalation anesthetics, as well as products and services related to drug formulation and packaging technologies.

 

Renal.  The Renal business provides products to treat end-stage renal disease, or irreversible kidney failure. The business manufactures peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions and other products for PD, a home-based dialysis therapy, and also distributes products for hemodialysis (HD), which is generally conducted in a hospital or clinic.

 

Financial information about Baxter’s segments and principal product lines is incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Note 12 Segment Information” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007.

 

Sales and Distribution

 

The company has its own sales force and also makes sales to and through independent distributors, drug wholesalers acting as sales agents and specialty pharmacy or homecare companies. In the United States,

Cardinal Health, Inc. warehouses and ships a significant portion of the company’s products through its distribution centers. These centers are generally stocked with adequate inventories to facilitate prompt customer service. Sales and distribution methods include frequent contact by sales representatives, automated communications via various electronic purchasing systems, circulation of catalogs and merchandising bulletins, direct-mail campaigns, trade publication presence and advertising.

 

International sales are made and products are distributed on a direct basis or through independent local distributors or sales agents in more than 100 countries. International subsidiaries employ their own field sales forces in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, the Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, the United Kingdom and Venezuela.

 

Contractual Arrangements

 

Substantial portions of the company’s products are sold through contracts with customers, both within and outside the United States. Many of these contracts have terms of more than one year and place limits on price increases. In the case of hospitals and other facilities, these contracts may specify minimum quantities of a particular product or categories of products to be purchased by the customer. Over the years there has been consolidation in our customer base and as a result, transactions with customers are larger and more complex.

 

In keeping with the increased emphasis on cost-effectiveness in healthcare delivery, many hospitals and other customers of medical products in the United States and in other countries have joined group purchasing organizations (GPOs), or combined to form integrated delivery networks (IDNs), to enhance purchasing power. GPOs and IDNs negotiate pricing arrangements with manufacturers and distributors, and the negotiated prices are made available to members. Baxter has purchasing agreements with several of the major GPOs in the United States. Some of these GPOs have agreements with more than one supplier for certain products. Accordingly, in these cases, Baxter faces competition from other suppliers even where a customer is a member of a GPO under contract with Baxter.

 

Raw Materials

 

Raw materials essential to Baxter’s business are purchased worldwide in the ordinary course of business from numerous suppliers. Although most of these materials are generally available, certain raw materials used in producing some of the company’s products are available only from one or a limited number of suppliers, and Baxter has at times experienced shortages of supply. In an effort to manage risk associated with raw materials supply, Baxter works closely with its suppliers to help ensure availability and continuity of supply while maintaining high quality and reliability. The company also seeks to develop new sources of supply where beneficial to its overall raw materials procurement strategy.

 

In some situations, the company has long-term supply contracts with its suppliers to help maintain continuity of supply and manage the risk of price increases. Baxter is not always able to recover cost increases for raw materials through customer pricing due to contractual limits and market pressure on such price increases.

 

Some of the raw materials employed in Baxter’s production processes are derived from human and animal origins. Though great care is taken in assuring the safety of these raw materials, the nature of their origin elevates the potential for the introduction of pathogenic agents.

 

As is common in new technologies including biotechnology, the precision and accuracy of raw material specifications is less mature than in other industries. This can have a potential impact on the ability to produce product at the quality standards Baxter adheres to and within Baxter’s cost expectations.

Competition

 

Although no single company competes with Baxter in all of its businesses, Baxter faces competition in each of its segments from international and domestic healthcare and pharmaceutical companies of all sizes. Competition is primarily focused on cost-effectiveness, price, service, product performance, and technological innovation. There has been consolidation in the company’s customer base and by its competitors, which continues to result in pricing and market share pressures.

 

Global efforts toward healthcare cost containment continue to exert pressure on product pricing. Governments around the world utilize various mechanisms to control healthcare expenditures, such as price controls, product formularies (lists of recommended or approved products), and competitive tenders which require the submission of a bid to sell products. Sales of Baxter’s products are dependent, in part, on the availability of reimbursement by government agencies and healthcare programs, as well as insurance companies and other private payers. Many state governments have adopted or proposed initiatives relating to Medicaid and other health programs that may limit reimbursement or increase rebates that Baxter and other providers are required to pay to the state. In addition to government regulation, managed care organizations in the United States, which include medical insurance companies, medical plan administrators, health-maintenance organizations, hospital and physician alliances and pharmacy benefit managers, continue to put pressure on the price and usage of healthcare products. Managed care organizations seek to contain healthcare expenditures, and their purchasing strength has been increasing due to their consolidation into fewer, larger organizations and a growing number of enrolled patients. Baxter faces similar issues outside of the United States. In Europe and some other markets, for example, the government provides healthcare at low cost to patients, and controls its expenditures by regulating prices or limiting reimbursement or patient access to certain products.

 

Baxter faces competition from global and regional companies both large and small in each of the markets in which it participates. BioScience continues to face competitors from pharmaceutical, biotechnology and other companies. Medication Delivery faces competition from medical device manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies particularly in the multi-source generics and anesthetics markets. In Renal, global and regional competitors continue to expand their manufacturing capacity for PD products and their PD sales and marketing channels.

 

Baxter’s Medication Delivery, BioScience and Renal businesses enjoy leading positions based on a number of competitive advantages. The Medication Delivery business benefits from the breadth and depth of its product offering, as well as strong relationships with customers, including hospitals, customer purchasing groups and pharmaceutical companies. The BioScience business benefits from a number of competitive advantages, such as continued innovation of products and services, consistency of its supply of products, and strong customer relationships. Baxter’s Renal business benefits from its position as one of the world’s leading manufacturer of PD products, as well as its strong relationships with customers and patients, including the many patients who self-administer the home-based therapy supplied by Baxter. Baxter also benefits from cost advantages as a result of shared manufacturing facilities and the technological advantages of its products.

 

Intellectual Property

 

Patents and other proprietary rights are essential to Baxter’s business. Baxter also relies on trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, know-how and confidentiality agreements to develop, maintain and strengthen its competitive position. Baxter owns a number of patents and trademarks throughout the world and has entered into license arrangements relating to various third-party patents and technologies. Products manufactured by Baxter are sold primarily under its own trademarks and trade names. Some products distributed by the company are sold under the company’s trade names while others are sold under trade names owned by its suppliers. Trade secret protection of unpatented confidential and proprietary information is also important to Baxter. The company maintains certain details about its processes, products, and technology as trade secrets and generally requires employees, consultants, parties to collaboration agreements and other business partners to enter into confidentiality agreements.

 

Baxter’s policy is to protect its products and technology through patents and trademarks on a worldwide basis. This protection is sought in a manner that balances the cost of such protection against obtaining the

greatest value for the company. Baxter also recognizes the need to promote the enforcement of its patents and trademarks. Baxter will continue to take commercially reasonable steps to enforce its patents and trademarks around the world against potential infringers.

 

Baxter cannot assure that pending patent applications will result in issued patents, that patents issued or licensed will not be challenged or circumvented by competitors, that Baxter patents will not be found to be invalid or that the intellectual property rights of others will not prevent the company from selling certain products or including key features in the company’s products.

 

Baxter operates in an industry susceptible to significant patent litigation. At any given time, the company generally is involved as either a plaintiff or defendant in a number of patent infringement and other intellectual-property related actions. Such litigation can result in significant royalty or other payments or result in injunctions that can prevent the sale of products.

 

Research and Development

 

Baxter’s investment in research and development is essential to its future growth. Accordingly, Baxter is increasing its investment in research and development programs to develop innovative products, systems and manufacturing methods. Expenditures for Baxter’s research and development activities were $760 million in 2007, $614 million in 2006 and $533 million in 2005. These expenditures include costs associated with research and development activities performed at the company’s research and development centers located around the world including facilities in Austria, Belgium, France, Japan and the United States, as well as in-licensing, milestone and reimbursement payments made to partners for research and development work performed at non-Baxter locations.

 

Principal areas of strategic focus for research and development include recombinant therapeutics, adult stem-cell therapy, plasma-based therapeutics, initiatives in regenerative medicine, small molecule drugs, enhanced packaging systems for medication delivery, kidney dialysis, drug formulation technologies and sterilization technologies. The company’s research efforts emphasize self-manufactured product development, and portions of that research relate to multiple product lines. Baxter supplements its own research and development efforts by acquiring various technologies and entering into development agreements with third parties. For example, Baxter is involved in partnerships with both Nektar Therapeutics and Lipoxen Technologies to leverage each company’s expertise in developing longer-acting Factor XIII and Factor IX therapies to reduce the frequency of injections required to treat blood-clotting disorders.

 

Baxter’s competitors will continue to introduce competitive products. The company’s research and development efforts are essential to remaining competitive in all three of its business segments. The development and acquisition of innovative products and technologies that improve efficacy, safety, patients’ ease of use and cost-effectiveness are important to Baxter’s success. The success of new product offerings will depend on many factors, including the company’s ability to properly anticipate and satisfy customer needs, obtain regulatory approvals on a timely basis, develop and manufacture products in an economical and timely manner, and differentiate its products from those of its competitors.

 

Quality Management

 

Baxter places significant emphasis on providing quality products and services to its customers. Quality management plays an essential role in determining and meeting customer requirements, preventing defects and improving the company’s products and services. Baxter has a network of quality systems throughout the company’s business units and facilities which relate to the design, development, manufacturing, packaging, sterilization, handling, distribution and labeling of the company’s products. To assess and facilitate compliance with applicable requirements, the company regularly reviews its quality systems to determine their effectiveness and identify areas for improvement. Baxter also performs assessments of its suppliers of raw materials, components and finished goods. In addition, the company conducts quality management reviews designed to inform management of key issues that may affect the quality of products and services.

 

From time to time, the company may determine that products manufactured or marketed by the company do not meet company specifications, published standards, such as those issued by the International Standards

Organization, or regulatory requirements. When a quality issue is identified, Baxter investigates such issue and takes appropriate corrective action, such as withdrawal of the product from the market, correction of the product at the customer location, notice to the customer of revised labeling, and other actions. For more information on corrective actions taken by Baxter, please refer to our discussion under the caption entitled “Certain Regulatory Matters” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007.

 

Government Regulation

 

The operations of Baxter and many of the products manufactured or sold by the company are subject to extensive regulation by numerous governmental agencies, both within and outside the United States. In the United States, the federal agencies that regulate the company’s facilities, operations, employees, products (their manufacture, sale, import and export) and services include: the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Drug Enforcement Agency, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Occupational Health & Safety Administration, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Labor, the Department of Defense, Customs and Border Protection, the Department of Commerce, the Department of Treasury and others. Because Baxter supplies products and services to healthcare providers that are reimbursed by federally funded programs such as Medicare, its activities are also subject to regulation by the Center for Medicare/Medicaid Services and enforcement by the Office of the Inspector General within the Department of Health and Human Services. State agencies also regulate the facilities, operations, employees, products and services of the company within their respective states. Government agencies outside the United States also regulate public health, product registration, manufacturing, environmental conditions, labor, exports, imports and other aspects of the company’s global operations.

 

The FDA in the United States, as well as other governmental agencies inside and outside of the United States, administer requirements covering the testing, safety, effectiveness, manufacturing, labeling, promotion and advertising, distribution and post-market surveillance of Baxter’s products. The company must obtain specific approval from the FDA and non-U.S. regulatory authorities before it can market and sell most of its products in a particular country. Even after the company obtains regulatory approval to market a product, the product and the company’s manufacturing processes are subject to continued review by the FDA and other regulatory authorities.

 

The company is subject to possible administrative and legal actions by the FDA and other regulatory agencies. Such actions may include product recalls, product seizures, injunctions to halt manufacture and distribution, and other civil and criminal sanctions. From time to time, the company institutes compliance actions, such as removing products from the market that were found not to meet applicable requirements and improving the effectiveness of quality systems. For more information on compliance actions taken by the company, please refer to our discussion under the caption entitled “Certain Regulatory Matters” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007.

 

Environmental policies of the company require compliance with all applicable environmental regulations and contemplate, among other things, appropriate capital expenditures for environmental protection.

 

International Markets

 

Baxter generates more than 55% of its revenues outside the United States. While healthcare cost containment continues to be a focus around the world, demand for healthcare products and services continues to be strong worldwide, particularly in developing markets. The company’s strategies emphasize global expansion and technological innovation to advance medical care worldwide. International operations are subject to certain additional risks inherent in conducting business outside the United States, such as changes in currency exchange rates, price and currency exchange controls, import restrictions, dependence on a few governmental entities as customers, loss of business in governmental tenders that are held annually in many cases, nationalization, expropriation and other governmental action, violations of U.S. or local laws as well as volatile economic, social and political conditions in certain countries.

Financial information about foreign and domestic operations is incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Note 12 Segment Information” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007.

 

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2007, Baxter employed approximately 46,000 people.

 

Available Information

 

Baxter makes available free of charge on its website at www.baxter.com its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing or furnishing such material to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

In addition, Baxter’s Corporate Governance Guidelines, Global Business Practice Standards, and the written charters for the committees of Baxter’s Board of Directors are available on Baxter’s website at www.baxter.com under “Corporate Governance” and in print upon request by writing to: Corporate Secretary, Baxter International Inc., One Baxter Parkway, Deerfield, Illinois 60015.

 

Cautionary Statement for Purposes of the “Safe Harbor” Provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995

 

This annual report includes forward-looking statements, including accounting estimates and assumptions, litigation outcomes, statements with respect to infusion pumps and other regulatory matters, expectations with respect to restructuring programs (including expected cost savings), capital expenditures and acquisition activities, strategic plans, product mix, promotional efforts, geographic expansion, sales and pricing forecasts, business development and research and development activities, the divestiture of low margin businesses, future costs relating to the discontinuation of the manufacturing of HD instruments, developments with respect to credit and credit ratings (including the adequacy of credit facilities), interest expense in 2008, the settlement of cross-currency swap agreements, estimates of liabilities, statements regarding ongoing tax audits and tax provisions, deferred tax assets and future pension plan expense, management of currency risk, future indications for TISSEEL, statements regarding the company’s internal R&D pipeline, future capital and R&D expenditures, the sufficiency of the company’s financial flexibility and the adequacy of reserves, statements with respect to ongoing cash flows from the TT business, the effective tax rate in 2008, the adoption of SFAS Nos. 159 and 157, and all other statements that do not relate to historical facts. The statements are based on assumptions about many important factors, including assumptions concerning: demand for and market acceptance risks for new and existing products, such as ADVATE and IGIV, and other therapies; the company’s ability to identify business development and growth opportunities for existing products and to exit low margin businesses or products; fluctuations in the balance between supply and demand with respect to the market for plasma protein products; reimbursement policies of government agencies and private payers; product quality or patient safety issues, leading to product recalls, withdrawals, launch delays, sanctions, seizures, litigation, or declining sales; future actions of regulatory bodies and other government authorities, including any sanctions available under the Consent Decree entered into with the FDA concerning the COLLEAGUE and SYNDEO pumps; product development risks including satisfactory clinical performance, the ability to manufacture at appropriate scale, and the general unpredictability associated with the product development cycle; the ability to enforce the company’s patent rights; patents of third parties preventing or restricting the company’s manufacture, sale or use of affected products or technology; the impact of geographic and product mix on the company’s sales; the impact of competitive products and pricing, including generic competition, drug reimportation and disruptive technologies; inventory reductions or fluctuations in buying patterns by wholesalers or distributors; the availability of acceptable raw materials and component supply; global regulatory, trade and tax policies; actions by tax authorities in connection with ongoing tax audits; the company’s ability to realize the anticipated benefits of restructuring initiatives; continued developments in the market for transfusion therapies products and Fenwal’s ability to execute with respect to the acquired business; foreign currency fluctuations;

change in credit agency ratings; and other factors identified elsewhere in this report and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those factors described below under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors” all of which are available on the company’s website.

 

Actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. The company does not undertake to update its forward-looking statements.

 

 

In addition to the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, shareholders or prospective investors should carefully consider the following risk factors. If any of the events described below occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations and future growth prospects could suffer.

 

If we are unable to successfully introduce new products or fail to keep pace with advances in technology, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

The successful and timely implementation of our business model depends on our ability to adapt to changing technologies and introduce new products. The success of new product offerings will depend on many factors, including our ability to properly anticipate and satisfy customer needs, obtain regulatory approvals on a timely basis, develop and manufacture products in an economic and timely manner, maintain advantageous positions with respect to intellectual property, and differentiate our products from those of our competitors. A failure by us to introduce planned products or other new products or to introduce these products on schedule could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

The development and acquisition of innovative products and technologies that improve efficacy, safety, patients’ ease of use and cost-effectiveness are important to Baxter’s success and involve significant technical and business risks. If we cannot adapt to changing technologies, our products may become obsolete, and our business could suffer. Because the healthcare industry is characterized by rapid technological change, we may be unable to anticipate changes in our current and potential customers’ requirements. Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to continue to enhance our existing products, develop new technology that addresses the increasingly sophisticated and varied needs of our prospective customers, license or acquire leading technologies and respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards and practices on a timely and cost-effective basis.

 

If our business development activities are unsuccessful, our business could suffer and our financial performance could be adversely affected.

 

We are engaged in business development activities including evaluating acquisitions, joint development opportunities, technology licensing arrangements and other opportunities. These activities may result in substantial investment of the company’s resources. Our success developing products from such activities will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to find suitable opportunities for acquisition, investment or alliance, whether we are able to establish an acquisition, investment or alliance on terms that are satisfactory to us, the strength of the other company’s underlying technology, products and its ability to execute its business strategies, any intellectual property and litigation related to these products or technology, and our ability to successfully integrate the acquired company, business, product, technology or research into our existing operations including the ability to adequately fund acquired in-process research and development projects. If we are unsuccessful in our business development activities, we may be unable to meet our financial targets and we may be required to record asset impairment charges.

 

If we are unsuccessful in identifying growth opportunities or if we are unsuccessful in exiting low margin businesses or products, our business, financial condition and results could be adversely affected.

 

Successful execution of our business strategy depends, in part, on improving the profit margins we earn with respect to our current and future products. A failure to identify and take advantage of opportunities which allow us to increase our profit margins or a failure by us to exit low profit margin businesses or

terminate low profit margin products, may result in us failing to meet our financial targets and may otherwise have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We are subject to a number of existing laws and regulations, non-compliance with which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and we are susceptible to a changing regulatory environment.

 

As a participant in the healthcare industry, our operations and products, and those of our customers, are regulated by numerous governmental agencies, both within and outside the United States. The impact of this on us is direct, to the extent we are subject to these laws and regulations, and indirect in that in a number of situations, even though we may not be directly regulated by specific healthcare laws and regulations, our products must be capable of being used by our customers in a manner that complies with those laws and regulations.

 

The manufacture, distribution and marketing of our products are subject to extensive ongoing regulation by the FDA and other regulatory authorities both within and outside the United States. Any new product must undergo lengthy and rigorous clinical testing and other extensive, costly and time-consuming procedures mandated by the FDA and foreign regulatory authorities. We may elect to delay or cancel our anticipated regulatory submissions for new indications for our current or proposed new products for a number of reasons. Failure to comply with the requirements of the FDA or other regulatory authorities could result in warning letters, product recalls or seizures, monetary sanctions, injunctions to halt manufacture and distribution of products, civil or criminal sanctions, refusal of a government to grant approvals, restrictions on operations or withdrawal of existing approvals. Any of these actions could cause a loss of customer confidence in us and our products, which could adversely affect our sales.

 

We continue to address issues with our infusion pumps as discussed further under the caption entitled “Certain Regulatory Matters” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007. There can be no assurance that we will resolve these pump issues without incurring additional charges or facing any of the sanctions available to the FDA under the Consent Decree entered into with the FDA concerning our infusion pumps. Third parties may file claims against us in connection with these pump issues. In addition, sales of these products may continue to be affected and sales of related products may be adversely affected if we do not adequately address these pump issues.

 

In addition, the healthcare regulatory environment may change in a way that restricts our existing operations or our growth. The healthcare industry is likely to continue to undergo significant changes for the foreseeable future, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We cannot predict the effect of possible future legislation and regulation.

 

If reimbursement for our current or future products is reduced or modified, our business could suffer.

 

Sales of our products depend, in part, on the extent to which the costs of our products are paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by government health administration authorities, private health coverage insurers and other third-party payors. These healthcare management organizations and third-party payors are increasingly challenging the prices charged for medical products and services. Additionally, the containment of healthcare costs has become a priority of federal and state governments, and the prices of drugs have been targeted in this effort. We also face challenges in certain foreign markets where the pricing and profitability of our products generally are subject to government controls. Accordingly, our current and potential products may not be considered cost effective, and reimbursement to the consumer may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on a competitive basis. Legislation and regulations affecting reimbursement for our products may change at any time, including in ways that are adverse to us. Any reduction in Medicare, Medicaid or other third-party payor reimbursements could have a negative effect on our operating results.

If we are unable to obtain sufficient components and/or raw materials on a timely basis, our business may be adversely affected.

 

The manufacture of our products requires the timely delivery of sufficient amounts of quality components and materials. We manufacture our products in over 50 manufacturing facilities around the world. We acquire our components and materials from many suppliers in various countries. Efforts are made to diversify our sources of components and materials, however, in certain instances, we acquire components and materials from a sole supplier. We work closely with our suppliers to ensure the continuity of supply but we cannot guarantee these efforts will continue to be successful. In addition, due to the regulatory environment in which we operate, we may not be able to quickly establish additional or replacement sources for some components or materials. A reduction or interruption in supply, and an inability to develop alternative sources for such supply, could adversely affect our ability to manufacture our products in a timely or cost effective manner and our ability to make product sales.

 

Failure to provide quality products and services to our customers could have an adverse effect on our business and subject us to regulatory actions and costly litigation.

 

Our future operating results will depend on our ability to implement and improve our quality management program, and effectively train and manage our employee base with respect to quality management. Quality management plays an essential role in determining and meeting customer requirements, preventing defects and improving the company’s products and services. While Baxter has a network of quality systems throughout our business units and facilities, which relates to the design, development, manufacturing, packaging, sterilization, handling, distribution and labeling of our products, quality and safety issues may occur with respect to any of our products. A quality or safety issue could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and may result in warning letters, product recalls or seizures, monetary sanctions, injunctions to halt manufacture and distribution of products, civil or criminal sanctions, refusal of a government to grant approvals, restrictions on operations or withdrawal of existing approvals. In addition, we may be named as a defendant in product liability lawsuits, which could result in costly litigation, reduced sales, significant liabilities and diversion of our management’s time, attention and resources. Even claims without merit could subject us to adverse publicity and require us to incur significant legal fees.

 

Consolidation in the healthcare industry could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

There has been consolidation in our customer base, and by our competitors, which has resulted in pricing and sales pressures. As these consolidations occur, competition to provide products like ours will become more intense, and the importance of establishing relationships with key industry participants including GPOs and IDNs will become greater. Customers will continue to work and organize to negotiate price reductions for our products and services. To the extent we are forced to reduce our prices, our business will become less profitable unless we are able to achieve corresponding reductions in our expenses. The company’s sales could be adversely affected if any of its contracts with its GPOs or IDNs are terminated in part or in their entirety, or members decide to purchase from another supplier.

 

If we are unable to protect our patents or other proprietary rights or if we infringe upon the patents or other proprietary rights of others, our competitiveness and business prospects may be materially damaged.

 

Patent and other proprietary rights are essential to our business. Our success depends to a significant degree on our ability to obtain and enforce patents and licenses to patent rights, both in the United States and in other countries. The patent position of a healthcare company is often uncertain and involves complex legal and factual questions. Significant litigation concerning patents and products is pervasive in our industry. Patent claims include challenges to the coverage and validity of our patents on products or processes as well as allegations that our products infringe patents held by competitors or other third parties. A loss in any of these types of cases could result in a loss of patent protection or the ability to market products, which could lead to a significant loss of sales, or otherwise materially affect future results of operations.

We also rely on trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets and know-how to develop, maintain and strengthen our competitive positions. While we protect our proprietary rights to the extent possible, we cannot guarantee that third parties will not know, discover or develop independently equivalent proprietary information or techniques, that they will not gain access to our trade secrets or disclose our trade secrets to the public. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that we can maintain and protect unpatented proprietary information and trade secrets. Misappropriation of our intellectual property would have an adverse effect on our competitive position and may cause us to incur substantial litigation costs.

 

We face substantial competition and many of our competitors have significantly greater financial and other resources.

 

Although no single company competes with Baxter in all of its businesses, Baxter faces substantial competition in each of its segments, from international and domestic healthcare and pharmaceutical companies of all sizes. Competition is primarily focused on cost-effectiveness, price, service, product performance, and technological innovation. Some competitors, principally large pharmaceutical companies, have greater financial, research and development and marketing resources than Baxter. Competition may increase further as additional companies begin to enter our markets or modify their existing products to compete directly with ours. Greater financial, research and development and marketing resources may allow our competitors to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies and changes in customer requirements that may render our products obsolete or non-competitive. If our competitors develop more effective or affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization than we do, our operations will likely be negatively affected.

 

We also face competition for marketing, distribution and collaborative development agreements, for establishing relationships with academic and research institutions, and for licenses to intellectual property. In addition, academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private research organizations also may conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangements for discovery, research, clinical development and marketing of products similar to ours. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining qualified scientific and management personnel as well as in acquiring technologies complementary to our programs. If we are unable to successfully compete with these companies and institutions our business may suffer.

 

We are subject to risks associated with doing business globally.

 

Our operations, both within and outside the United States, are subject to risks inherent in conducting business globally and under the laws, regulations and customs of various jurisdictions and geographies. These risks include fluctuations in currency exchange rates, nationalization, expropriation and other governmental actions, importation limitations, violations of U.S. or local laws, dependence on a few governmental entities as customers, loss of business in governmental tenders that are held annually in many cases, pricing restrictions, economic destabilization, instability, disruption or destruction in a significant geographic region — due to the location of manufacturing facilities, distribution facilities or customers — regardless of cause, including war, terrorism, riot, civil insurrection or social unrest, or natural or man-made disasters, including famine, flood, fire, earthquake, storm or disease.

 

 

None.

 

 

Our corporate offices are owned and located at One Baxter Parkway, Deerfield, Illinois 60015.

 

Baxter owns or has long-term leases on substantially all of its major manufacturing facilities. With respect to its continuing operations, the company maintains 15 manufacturing facilities in the United States and its territories, including three in Puerto Rico. The company also manufactures in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, the Czech Republic, Germany, India, Ireland, Italy, Japan,

Malta, Mexico, the Philippines, Poland, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey and the United Kingdom. The majority of these facilities are shared by more than one of the company’s business segments. Our principal manufacturing facilities by segment are listed below:

 

 

 

 

The company also owns or operates shared distribution facilities throughout the world. In the United States and Puerto Rico, there are 13 shared distribution facilities with the principal facilities located in Memphis, Tennessee; Catano, Puerto Rico; North Cove, North Carolina; and Round Lake, Illinois. Internationally, we have more than 100 shared distribution facilities located in Argentina, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Ecuador, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, and Venezuela.

 

The company continually evaluates its plants and production lines and believes that its current facilities plus any planned expansions are generally sufficient to meet its expected needs and expected near-term growth. Expansion projects and facility closings will be undertaken as necessary in response to market needs.

 

 

Incorporated by reference to “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Note 11 Legal Proceedings” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007.

 

 

None.

 

Executive Officers of the Registrant

 

Robert L. Parkinson, Jr., age 57, is Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, having served in that capacity since April 2004. Prior to joining Baxter, Mr. Parkinson was Dean of Loyola University Chicago’s School of Business Administration and Graduate School of Business from 2002 to 2004. He retired from Abbott Laboratories in 2001 following a 25-year career, having served in a variety of domestic and international management and leadership positions, including as President and Chief Operating Officer.

 

Joy A. Amundson, age 53, is Corporate Vice President — President, BioScience, having served in that capacity since August 2004. Prior to joining Baxter in August 2004, Ms. Amundson was a principal of Amundson Partners, Inc., a healthcare-consulting firm, from 2001. From 1995 to 2001, she served as a Senior Vice President of Abbott Laboratories.

 

Peter J. Arduini, age 43, is Corporate Vice President — President, Medication Delivery. Prior to joining Baxter in March 2005, Mr. Arduini spent 15 years at General Electric Healthcare in a variety of management roles for domestic and global businesses, the most recent of which was global general manager of General Electric Healthcare’s computerized axial tomography scan (CT) and functional imaging business.

 

Michael J. Baughman, age 43, is Corporate Vice President and Controller, having served in that capacity since May 2006. Mr. Baughman joined Baxter in 2003 as Vice President of Corporate Audit and was appointed Controller in March 2005. Before joining Baxter, Mr. Baughman spent 16 years at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, in roles of increasing responsibility, which included audit partner and partner in the firm’s mergers and acquisitions practice.

 

Robert M. Davis, age 41, is Corporate Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, having served in that capacity since May 2006. Mr. Davis joined Baxter as Treasurer in November 2004. Prior to joining Baxter, Mr. Davis was with Eli Lilly and Company from 1990 where he held a number of financial positions, including Assistant Treasurer, Director of Corporate Financial Planning and tax counsel.

 

James M. Gatling, age 58, is Corporate Vice President, Global Manufacturing Operations and Supply Chain Operations, having served in that capacity since August 2004. From December 1996 to August 2004, he served as a Corporate Vice President, Global Manufacturing Operations. Mr. Gatling is also responsible for environment, health and safety function.

 

John J. Greisch, age 52, is Corporate Vice President — President, International, having served in that capacity since May 2006. From June 2004 to May 2006, he served as Corporate Vice President and Chief Financial Officer and from January to June 2004, he was Corporate Vice President — President, BioScience. Prior to that, Mr. Greisch served as Vice President of Finance and Strategy for BioScience from May 2003 to January 2004 and as Vice President of Finance for Renal from March 2002 until April 2003. Prior to joining Baxter, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of FleetPride Corporation, a distribution company, from 1998 until 2001.

 

Susan R. Lichtenstein, age 51, is Corporate Vice President and General Counsel. Prior to joining Baxter in April 2005, Ms. Lichtenstein was a partner with McDermott Will & Emery. She joined the law firm after having served as General Counsel to the Governor of Illinois from 2003 to 2004. Ms. Lichtenstein served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary for Tellabs, Inc. from 2000 to 2002. From 1994 to 2000, Ms. Lichtenstein held several positions with Ameritech Corporation, including Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary from 1999 to 2000.

 

Jeanne K. Mason, age 52, is Corporate Vice President, Human Resources. Prior to joining Baxter in May 2006, Ms. Mason was with General Electric from 1988, holding various leadership positions, the most recent of which was with GE Insurance Solutions, a primary insurance and reinsurance business, where she was responsible for global human resource functions.

 

Bruce H. McGillivray, age 52, is Corporate Vice President — President, Renal, having served in that capacity since August 2004. From 2002 until August 2004, Mr. McGillivray was President of Renal, Europe and from 1997 to 2002, he was President of Baxter Corporation in Canada.

 

Norbert G. Riedel, age 50, is Corporate Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer, having served in that capacity since May 2001. From 1998 to 2001, he served as President of the recombinant business unit of BioScience. Prior to joining Baxter, Dr. Riedel was head of worldwide biotechnology and worldwide core research functions at Hoechst Marion Roussel, now Sanofi-Aventis.

 

Karenann K. Terrell, age 46, is Corporate Vice President and Chief Information Officer. Prior to joining Baxter in April 2006, Ms. Terrell was with DaimlerChrysler Corporation from 2000 where she served in various positions, the most recent of which was Vice President and Chief Information Officer, Chrysler Group and Mercedes Benz North America. Prior to that, she spent 16 years with General Motors with responsibility for brand development and e-business management.

 

Cheryl L. White, age 54, is Corporate Vice President, Quality, having served in that capacity since March 2006. From 1997 to 2006, Ms. White held various management positions in Baxter’s BioScience business, the most recent of which was Vice President, Quality Management.

 

All executive officers hold office until the next annual election of officers and until their respective successors are elected and qualified.

PART II

 

 

The following table includes information about the company’s common stock repurchases during the three-month period ended December 31, 2007.

 

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

 

 

 

Additional information required by this item is incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Note 13 Quarterly Financial Results and Market for the Company’s Stock (Unaudited)” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007.

 

 

Incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Five-Year Summary of Selected Financial Data” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007.

 

 

Incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007.

 

 

Incorporated by reference from the section entitled “Financial Instrument Market Risk” in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007.

 

 

Incorporated by reference from the sections entitled “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm,” “Consolidated Balance Sheets,” “Consolidated Statements of Income,” “Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows,” “Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income” and “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” of Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007.

 

 

None.

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

 

Baxter carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of its Disclosure Committee and management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of Baxter’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of December 31, 2007. Baxter’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by Baxter in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis and that such information is communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and its Board of Directors, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

 

Based on that evaluation the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2007.

 

Assessment of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

 

Baxter included a report of management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 in its Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007. Baxter’s independent auditor, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, also audited, and reported on, the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report and the independent registered public accounting firm’s audit report are included in Baxter’s Annual Report to Shareholders for fiscal year 2007 and incorporated herein by reference.

 

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

There has been no change in Baxter’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2007 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, Baxter’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

None.

 

PART III

 

 

Refer to information under the captions entitled “Election of Directors”, “Committees of the Board — Audit Committee”, “Corporate Governance — Global Business Practice Standards” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in Baxter’s definitive Proxy Statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and delivered to shareholders in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 6, 2008 (the “Proxy Statement”), all of which information is incorporated herein by reference. Also refer to information regarding executive officers of Baxter under the caption entitled “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

 

Refer to information under the captions entitled “Executive Compensation”, “Director Compensation” and “Compensation Committee Report” in the Proxy Statement, all of which information is incorporated herein by reference.

 

EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION

 

The following table provides information relating to shares of common stock that may be issued under Baxter’s existing equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2007.

 

 

 

 

 

The material features of each equity compensation plan under which equity securities are authorized for issuance that was adopted without the approval of shareholders are described below.

 

2001 Global Stock Option Plan

 

The 2001 Global Stock Option Plan is a broad-based plan adopted by Baxter’s Board of Directors in February 2001 to enable Baxter to make a special one-time stock option grant to eligible non-officer employees worldwide. On February 28, 2001, Baxter granted a non-qualified option to purchase 200 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $45.515 per share (post 2001 stock split) to approximately 44,000 eligible employees under the 2001 Global Stock Option Plan. The exercise price of these options equals the closing price for Baxter common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the grant date. The options became exercisable on February 28, 2004, which was the third anniversary of the grant date, and expire on February 25, 2011. If an option holder leaves Baxter after the vesting date, then the option will expire three months after the holder leaves the company.

 

Other Stock Option Grants Not Approved by Shareholders

 

The Compensation Committee approved grants to Baxter employees of non-qualified stock options to purchase 4,305,501 shares in February 1998 and 5,625,114 shares in February 2000. As of December 31, 2007, 218,366 shares are issuable under the February 1998 grant and 1,029,904 shares are issuable under the February 2000 grant. The exercise price of these stock options is equal to the fair market value of Baxter common stock on the date of grant, which is the closing price of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the grant date. The exercise price of the options may be paid in cash or in certain shares of Baxter common stock. All of the stock options granted under these programs have vested. The terms and conditions of each of these grants provide that the provisions of the shareholder-approved 1998 Incentive Compensation Program govern these stock option grants (except for the limit on shares available under the 1998 Program).

 

Refer to information under the captions entitled “Security Ownership by Directors and Executive Officers” and “Security Ownership by Certain Beneficial Owners” in the Proxy Statement for additional information required by this item, all of which information is incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

Refer to the information under the caption entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions”, “Board of Directors” and “Corporate Governance – Director Independence” in the Proxy Statement, all of which information is incorporated herein by reference.

 

 

Refer to the information under the caption entitled “Audit and Non-Audit Fees” in the Proxy Statement, all of which information is incorporated herein by reference.

PART IV

 

 

The following documents are filed as a part of this report:

 

(1) Financial Statements:

 

Consolidated Balance Sheets		Annual Report, page 61
Consolidated Statements of Income		Annual Report, page 62
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows		Annual Report, page 63
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Comprehensive Income		Annual Report, page 64
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements		Annual Report, pages 65-97
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm		Annual Report, page 60

 

(2) Schedules required by Article 12 of Regulation S-X:

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Financial Statement Schedule		Page 24
Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts		Page 25

 

    All other schedules have been omitted because they are not applicable or not required.

 

SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

Baxter International Inc.

 

Robert L. Parkinson, Jr.

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

 

DATE: February 26, 2008

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 26, 2008.

 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

 

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM ON
FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE

 

To the Board of Directors of Baxter International Inc.:

 

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements and of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting referred to in our report dated February 26, 2008 appearing in the 2007 Annual Report to Shareholders of Baxter International Inc. (which report and consolidated financial statements are incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K) also included an audit of the financial statement schedule listed in Item 15(2) of this Form 10-K. In our opinion, this financial statement schedule presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements.

 

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Chicago, Illinois

February 26, 2008

SCHEDULE II